The Mysteries of the Microbiome: There's Still a Lot to Learn
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 5 ก.ย. 2024
- While we have long known about the existence of microbes - the tiny bacteria, fungi and archaea that live all around, on and in us - our full relationship has become one of the hottest topics for research only in recent years. That’s the topic of this week’s Healthcare Triage.
This episode was adapted from a column Aaron wrote for the Upshot. Links to resources and further reading can be found there: www.nytimes.co...
This episode of Healthcare Triage is brought to you by Squarespace. Get a free trial by visiting squarespace.com....
John Green -- Executive Producer
Stan Muller -- Director, Producer
Aaron Carroll -- Writer
Mark Olsen - Graphics
Meredith Danko - Social Media
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as someone with IBS I'm really excited for new research in this field, it's crazy to think that in just a few years a disease that has plagued my life could be easily prevented. exciting stuff.
I'm in the same boat as you. I've recently discovered and had great success with the low FODMAP diet researched by Monarsh University. Maybe we could get a video about diet treatments that actually work?
Allana Collen reports in her book, "10% Human" that Dr. Thomas Borody, Centre for Digestive Diseases, is reversing IBS-D with an 80% success rate using FMT.
Hi, Dr. Carroll and HT staff! Your videos are always so well-researched, and I really appreciate Dr. Carroll's insistence on peer-reviewed studies and randomized controlled trials.
This one had a couple of (super minor) things that I just wanted to point out for sake of maintaining your great track record of accuracy:
1. It's actually thought that your body contains as many as three times as many microbial as human cells (according to ASM estimates in 2014)! Since bacteria are so much infinitesimally smaller than eukaryotic cells, we still feel mostly human.
2. The high-containment laboratory depicted at 1:10 is for the purpose of protecting the user from highly infectious samples, not to protect the samples from contamination. That's a biosafety-level (BSL)-4 laboratory, and it provides the highest user protection possible from bugs like Ebola and other viral hemorrhagic fevers. A clean lab (for the protection of samples) doesn't use the positive-pressure "space suits" you see these scientists wearing to provide a barrier between them and the viruses.
Props to Squarespace for sponsoring this video. Just felt like giving them a shoutout.
LOL seriously, that last bit got me giggling
Can you make a video on models of payment for medical services, such as the fee-for-service model and the bundled payment model? It would be good to see a summary of research on relative advantages and disadvantages of different models, in the US and elsewhere.
Can you do a video on epigenetics
what exactly about it? Plenty of vids on the subject in general including crash course.
The field has grown that big in that short amount of time you made as well have asked "do a video on sickness"
Thank you for a unbiased and unhyped overview of the microbiome. It may indeed turn out to be important in many ways, but the hype from researchers and journalists alike says more about the scientific enterprise (i.e., the business of science or how research is hyped to justify research funding) than it does about our state of knowledge.
I think the problem with things like this is that when so much money and time is put into something, some sort of positive result is expected by people. So the best way to alleviate impatience or the feeling of "sunk costs" is to just pull any result out of the mountains of data and just say this mean this, hurray! Not sure this could ever really change unless everybody got a little bit of skepticism in their heads, which we all know won't happen.
I recommend checking out Funky Hand Jive by Radiolab. It is a pretty neat podcast that goes a little into the microbiome
Thank you for talking about Cdiff.... I have a J-pouch after a colitis diagnosis, and later I was diagnosed with Crohn's disease... since august last year I have been treated for Cdiff 3 times, twice without effect :(
They were talking about 'poop transplant' but that might be kinda dangerous with crohns....
I would love if you could dive in to the poop transplant and talk about that ;)
Dr. Thomas Borody, Centre for Digestive Diseases, is reversing Chron's via an FMT. It takes several treatments.
Before this step, one should avoid all processed foods, because many have emulsifiers, which have been found to be causing chronic inflammation in the large intestine. Avoiding GMO foods would also be a wise move, as glyphosate has been found to be killing our good, helpful bacteria of our human microbiome.
Thx for being inclusive and objective. nice show
"Last May" refers to May, 2016
Leyshire ok that makes so much more sense. thanks Obama.
Great Video!
I've been very interested in the Microbiome for a long time and have so many questions about it. Most of which I can't find the answers to. :- (
1. How does the microbiome get started in children? Are they born with some? If so, did they get it from their mother? Maybe from what their mother ate while pregnant?
2. What are the HARMS of a fecal transplant? It seems like the kind of thing that has very little downside (aside from being gross). So why wouldn't doctors use it as a step on treating someone with digestive issues where they haven't yet pinned down the problem?
3. I watching a video from Vsauce saying that it's (maybe) possible to help your microbiome by...ugh...eating some of your own booger...bleh. I can't seem to find an article lending truth to that though.
Daniel Campbell
1. The womb is basically sterile so no, I don't believe they are born with any gut bacteria. However, they start getting colonized the first time they eat and they get covered in bacteria when they exit through the uhhh vagina. Anyways, Bacteria are EVERYWHERE. Most of the bacteria does come from the mother but only because typically they have the most contact with the infants but really the bacteria come from everywhere. Another very interesting thing that babies get from there mother's is immunity to some bacteria and viruses. The mother passes antibodies to the child through breast milk. It's called passive immunity.
2. I don't know of any harms but it's a fairly new procedure so some doctors may be hesitant to recommend it and some people may want to pursue other options because its "gross".
3. Haha, I have watched that video. Yes it's possible for there to be good bacteria in your sinuses but most of the time if you have excessive mucus you probably have some type of infection, so you probably wouldn't want to be ingesting those microbes even though they probably only target the sinuses.
Hope this helps a little!
Hi Daniel, I am still a Med student, but i'll do my best to answer your questions:
1- Precisely how Logan explained, people are born with no bacteria until they have contact with the birth canal and the enviroment, babies born by c-section have a later and less diverse colonization than those by vaginal delivery. With contact with the enviroment, bacteria colonize the skin and the gastroinetstinal tract.
In microbiome research, lab rats need to be "sterile", so they are born via c-section and live in contained spaces. They are as close to sterile as possible and they have terrible deficiencies from the lack of bacteria.
2-The method and idea aren't too pleasant to present to a patient, it's done via colonoscopy and for many, fecal transplant is outrageous. I don't know about harms, but the requirements for the donor are quite specific as well.
3- Perhaps, however in the nasal mucosa live many lymphocytes that release bacteria killing enzymes, and the bacteria found there would probably already be in you, since they are enviromental bacteria.
I hope you found this helpful, stay curious.
Thanks a ton. I have a lot of research to do but you've given me a very good starting point. Thanks again. I appreciate it.
Anytime ;)
A baby get's it's first bacteria during birth through the vagina. The vagina actually has good, helpful bacteria for the baby. Breastmilk also plays an important role in the development of the babies microbiome. The baby develops their microbiome over the first three years of their life.
My mum is a practising GP doing a fellowship in integrative health and she believe the disruption of the microbiome and western diet is the root cause of tons of problems here in the US. Good to have skepticism though.
Could you do an updated video on sunscreen? The regulations recently changed in Canada, not sure if the same applies to the US.
As someone who gets bad breath 2 hours after brushing my teeth, is there anything I can do to see if my mouth microbiome might be to blame?
If you just want to do some self-checking, you can switch toothpastes, mouth washes, or even toothbrushes to see if that changes the timing i.e. by more/less effectively cleaning your mouth. If you are thinking in terms of microbiome, then rather than alter your mouth cleaning timing or process, instead change your diet such as by drinking Kefir (which contains probiotics). If you really want to 'fix' your breath and it actually does have something to do with your microbiome, then you will need to make a longterm change... you can't just try it kefir for a week and then throw your hands up if you don't get instant results. You may need to eliminate something from your diet if it is reintroducing a problem microbe. Or, you may need to permanently add something to your diet to keep re-introducing something that your favorite mouthwash regularly kills. Research is all in the details... the nitty gritty details.
Use a tongue scraper. Cost a dollar on eBay
Andrew Farrell - Try chewing a little parsley. It works surprisingly well.
Maybe you have caverns that food gets caught in, in the back of your throat. Have you been sick frequently in any part of your life?
We have from 600 to 800 species of bacteria in our mouth microbiome. Getting bad breath after two hours is uncommon, and it is likely that your mouth microbiome has been disturbed.
Ask yourself, what products do you use that might be negatively affecting the good bacteria of your mouth microbiome ? Since mouthwash kills bacteria, you may conclude that it is also killing off your good, helpful bacteria, and actually contributing to your problem.
Also worth noting, certain brands of toothpaste have antibacterials in them, which is another thing to avoid.
how does the microbiome relate to phage therapy?
I'm curious, Dr. Carroll, about the links between roundup inundating our main foodstuffs like corn and wheat for the last decade and how glyphosate kills weeds by affecting a metabolic pathway that human cells lack but is found in many types of bacteria and single celled organisms that we are in a symbiotic relationship with.
fecal transplants are fascinating and have a ton of data proving that they are very effective.
FMTs reversed C. Diff. with a 98% success rate in a trial by Dr Brandt (using two FMTs). It's more of a challenge with other diseases, and often requires more FMTs to reverse the condition. Of course, there are many mistakes being made. We keep exposing our microbiomes to harmful products and then we expect new results, which doesn't make sense. First, we need to stop the harm and avoid exposure to chlorine, mouthwash, antibacterials, glyphosate, emulsifiers, sugars, pesticides, herbicides, etc.
The real reason we should be avoiding GMO foods is that glyphosate has been found to be killing our good, helpful bacteria.
Cook from scratch, eat plenty of prebiotic foods, fresh vegetables, and fresh fruits. Also eat some probiotic foods (home fermented foods like sauerkraut, kimchi, etc.
Could it be that the microbiome just exists and it's composure is dependent on what you eat and that's it? If you have a healthy microbiome, is it because you just eat healthy and not the other way around? I think a healthy microbiome is a RESULT of good health. It's not that good health is the result of a healthy microbiome
1:14 - are they extracting microbial DNA from ebola patient poop or something? Laminar flow bench + hazmat, wow😂 that's not how normal microbiome analysis looks like
There is some controverse going on with the pill being linked to depression. I would love to see a video on this topic! Please like this comment so they can see this! Thank you and have a good day! :)
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stop upvoting this. what the f*ck.
this is extremely vague: what pill? what controversy? what study?! what the f*ck?
in the USA, "the pill" is an idiom referring to oral contraceptives aka hormonal birth control pills. e.g. "she's on the pill."
www.nytimes.com/2017/04/03/upshot/birth-control-causes-depression-not-so-fast.html?_r=0
Here's an article Dr Carroll wrote on this subject
please avoid double negatives in statements.
I do not think that liking this message would be disagreeable
if this is true the Mayan's were right you can absorb a mans Essence by eating him you get his microbiome and get his power
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