Basic Surgical Instruments

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 17 มี.ค. 2023
  • An introduction to the most common surgical instruments.
    Follow along with this powerpoint: www.surgicalcounts.com/resour...

ความคิดเห็น • 162

  • @SudheeraWS
    @SudheeraWS 9 หลายเดือนก่อน +116

    3:39 Mosquito clamp
    7:08 Mayo scissor
    9:39 Scalpels
    14:18 Tissue forcep, dressing forcep
    16:07 Towel clamps
    18:45 Allis
    20:42 Army navy retractor
    21:56 Senn retractor
    23:47 Weitlaner retractor
    27:57 Needle holders

  • @BadAthisOMG
    @BadAthisOMG 5 หลายเดือนก่อน +16

    Am I 15? Yes. Do I have mountains of unfinished work I should be doing? Also Yes. But am I still gonna watch all 30 minutes of this? Absolutely.

  • @jrsommano7186
    @jrsommano7186 ปีที่แล้ว +81

    Mr. Sowers, thank you for every single lecture you have posted for ST's. Today, with your help, on my 1st attempt, I passed my exam. I've graduated as a CST. Thank you so much! I couldn't have done it without your lectures and detailed illustrations. Thank you!

    • @tdixon97
      @tdixon97 10 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      Is the program hard ? Any advice to help me I start in august

    • @user-vp1su3mo6p
      @user-vp1su3mo6p 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

      I didn't find the program hard, but the amount you need to know/memorize seems very overwhelming. To help me study and pass the exam I am looking into a position at my local hospital for an un-certified tech to get me some hands on experience. I hope I can pass on my first try too. These videos however have helped me sooo much @@tdixon97

    • @Trinity_x2
      @Trinity_x2 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Do you still have your books ? I’m willing to buy

    • @oluguaglory424
      @oluguaglory424 3 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Thank you for lecture

    • @Ashley-og9ti
      @Ashley-og9ti 3 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      ​@tdixon97 did you end up starting your CST program?

  • @Sporkyspork
    @Sporkyspork 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +7

    I'm a new CP tech, and got tossed into the deep end, just baskets and baskets of mystery surgical instruments with the item numbers worn away with time. This video has helped a ton, thank you.

  • @SpoileralertGMA47
    @SpoileralertGMA47 ปีที่แล้ว +17

    This is great! Thank you for putting this out for everyone I love how you zoom in on the instruments so we can really see the differences!!

  • @wholeNwon
    @wholeNwon 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +4

    I recall having watched a great surgery professor who was astoundingly skillful. He employed his own instrument tech. She was so familiar with even very complex operations that he only held out his hand to have exactly the right instrument passed from one of the several open trays. He knew that talking at the table increases the risk of pt. infection, as does anything other than delicate tissue manipulation.

  • @lp1043
    @lp1043 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +125

    I feel sorry for folks who had to graduate before youtube video 😅

    • @deepshikha3515
      @deepshikha3515 6 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

      😂

    • @iamdoingood
      @iamdoingood 6 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      Yap😂

    • @pb4ugo19
      @pb4ugo19 6 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      Same. I'd be in sh** deep trouble 😂😂

    • @JessLovesU86
      @JessLovesU86 6 หลายเดือนก่อน +4

      I did it without TH-cam 😂😂

    • @Linda-jj1sj
      @Linda-jj1sj 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

      We took pictures with old cameras!! Not kidding.. I still have the photos!❤

  • @notslackiin5833
    @notslackiin5833 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    Thank you very much!! I was wishing to find something like this!!! so clear and calm and professionally explained and to the point- edited to the max! I have a “test “ at work tomorrow and this was the info I really needed!!!!

  • @vollyman748
    @vollyman748 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    Thank you very much for making this Instruments video. excellent just like the others. I have the exam on March 29

  • @sherlcaj109
    @sherlcaj109 2 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    Oh my goodness! THIS VIDEO IS AMAZING! You were very detailed and explained it PERFECTLY! THANK YOU SO MUCH!

  • @Nicole20397
    @Nicole20397 2 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    I’m a new CVOR RN circulator. Your video has been SO extremely helpful.

  • @abbydiaz8555
    @abbydiaz8555 ปีที่แล้ว +41

    Can you please do a laparoscopic set up and how to hand them ready for the surgeon?

    • @chinnapasanga1563
      @chinnapasanga1563 2 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      OT wisdom you tube channel

  • @aiona_sy
    @aiona_sy 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +4

    Your channel needs more recognition Sir! This will help me a lot!

  • @Haneen-xr1dp
    @Haneen-xr1dp 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

    0:36 Bovie (Electrosurigcal unit)
    2:40 Harmonic Scalpel
    3:33 Halstead (Mosquito) Clamps, curved + straight
    4:28 Crile Clamp, curved + straight *full serration*
    5:07 Kelly Clamp *partial serration*
    5:34 Pean Clamp
    6:06 Rochester Pean clamp
    6:26 (tonsil) Schnidt clamp
    6:55 Mixter (Right Angle) Clamp

  • @bsk2908
    @bsk2908 3 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

    0:41 Bovie/Electro surgical unit:
    Provides jolt of electricity to tissue. Electricity vaporises tissue and cause heat to cut tissue. Or causes to coagulates. Heat causes protein to melt and coagulate which seals of blood vessels. Electrodes or tip
    2:44 Harmonic scalpel :
    Electricity is used to create very high frequency ultrasonic vibration. Cuts or coagulates tissue. Vibration - Friction - Heat - Cut or Coagulates
    3:33 Clamp : Mosquito/Hallstead clamp (curved - tissue / straight - dressing or suture) Small hemostat
    4:29 Crile (curved / straight) Hemostat. Bigger than mosquito. Serration goes all the way down to the box lock
    5:08 Kelly clamp : Bigger than crile clamp. Serration only goes halfway down to the box lock
    5:37 Pean clamp : Bigger than Kelly. Serration goes all the way down to the box lock
    6:09 Rochester pean clamp : Larger version of pean
    6:29 Schnidt : Very long handled crile. Used for tonsils. Has gentle curve
    6:57 Mixter clamp : Sharper curve. Right angled clamp
    7:08 Mayo scissors : (straight- suture , dressing/curved- tissue) Curved scissors helps the surgeon to see the thing we are cutting
    8:23 Metzenbaum scissors : Delicate and curved. Cutting
    8:31 Lister / Bandaid scissors : For cutting bandages
    9:08 Wire cutter scissor : Cuts wire
    9:40 Scalpel : cuts tissues 3 , 3 long , 7 , 4 (larger trio that needs larger blade)
    Blade - 10 , 20 , 12 , 11 , 15
    3-10 , 4 - 20
    12:05 Beaver blade and beaver handle : for plastic surgery
    12:32 Forcep
    (plain handle - straight handle / Adson handle - shorter and wider. Used for delicate areas)
    Adson dressing forcep has plain tip. Has some serration
    Adson tissue forcep has rat tooth used for picking up tissue
    Adson brown forcep has series of teeth that grabs tougher tissue
    Plain Dressing forcep has couple of serration
    Plain tooth forcep has rat tooth
    14:44 Debakey forcep Thin narrow forcep with long handle for clamping blood vessel
    15:03 Singley forcep : Rounded tip with small serration. Atraumatic forcep
    15:20 Ferris Smith (heavy duty adson) - for tough heavy tissue
    Bonnie straight forcep
    15:42 Russian forcep has a ring of teeth in it. Has a cup in it
    16:03 Towel clamps
    16:22 Backhaus - pointy tip. Sharp and curved. Penetrating
    16:54 Roeder towel clamp - has balls in it
    17:10 Non penetrating towel clamp - atraumatic
    17:24 Grasping forcep
    17:33 Foerster sponge stick Has rings on ends. Wraps around a sponge
    18:04 Babcock and Aliss forcep - Babcock has curve and straight point. This is atraumatic
    All is has teeth on it. Traumatic. Holds bone
    19:23 Kocher Ochsner clamp -
    Straight plus rat tooth
    Rochester Kocher clamp - larger
    20:14 Retractor - Retracts tissue or skin
    Handheld retractors - hand is used to hold the wound open
    20:44 Army navy retractor - Long tip plus short tip plus hold in the middle
    21:05 Goelet retract - Curve on both ends
    Parker retractor - curve on both ends. Simple. Looks like park bench
    21:57 Sen retractor - Has claw on one end other end has a bend. Sharp claw and blunt claw (95%)
    23:15 Joseph skin hook - sharp tip retractor. Fine sharp tip. Holds skin
    23:45 Self retaining retractor Weitlaner
    24:22 Malleable (ribbon) retractor. You can shape it to however you want
    25:14 Frazier suction tip - Sucks up fluid
    26:04 Yankhaur suction tip - plastic plus metal version. Has rounded tips
    27:00 Poole suction tip. Has lots of holes. Used for abdomen
    28:00 Needle holders hold suture needles
    28:10 Crile wood needle holder - fine tip
    28:17 Mayo Hegar needle holder - holds larger suture needle
    28:30 Ryder needle holder - narrow tip
    28:45 Webster needle holder - smallest. Holds small needles

    • @MohamedAdel-tj4kz
      @MohamedAdel-tj4kz 29 วันที่ผ่านมา

      thanks u so much for this ❤️❤️❤️

  • @melindaflowers3646
    @melindaflowers3646 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    starting school come April and wanted to start getting myself familiar with the instruments ,thank you so much for taking the time to do this video as it was very helpful, I will be using this video throughout my time in school.

  • @GUAPOGANDA
    @GUAPOGANDA ปีที่แล้ว +28

    Hiii
    So today I passed my NCCT exam here in California. Omg it was so hard.
    Just wanted to say thank you for all the content you put out & actually taking the time to respond to questions and such it really helped a lot!

  • @Cryft
    @Cryft ปีที่แล้ว +4

    wonderful video! supplementing my SPD training with a splash of surgical tech info to better understand my customers, this was highly informative! thanks!

  • @hubby_medical5454
    @hubby_medical5454 8 หลายเดือนก่อน +5

    This is great for medical students too! great work Sir.

  • @glindabustamante447
    @glindabustamante447 ปีที่แล้ว +12

    You're an excellent teacher! Thank you so much!!! This is exactly what I needed!

    • @danielarviso4156
      @danielarviso4156 4 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Same here. Great video

  • @surgtechbae
    @surgtechbae 6 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    I love your channel! And your different perspectives on each video you make!!!

  • @destinysbooks9566
    @destinysbooks9566 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    This was so helpful. Great video. Please make more!🎉🎉🎉

  • @bonfacendungu7295
    @bonfacendungu7295 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    best video on surgical instruments that i have come across...THANK YOU SO MUCH

  • @jaylee842
    @jaylee842 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    For surgical instrument learning starts from here. The best lecture available on TH-cam for beginners with mindful PowerPoint for the students. Thank you so much, sir.

  • @Caroline-pb8xx
    @Caroline-pb8xx 8 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    I'm watching this to prep myself for what school will be like, thank you!

  • @rosedona8485
    @rosedona8485 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I’m thinking about making Surgical Tech my career goal but I’m so happy I found your page to teach me while I debate on going back to school before paying my student loan lol can’t wait to start my journey.

  • @MuhZak-rl2rf
    @MuhZak-rl2rf ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Hello, thankyou for the crystal clear and excellent video demonstration. I would like to ask about the electric cauterization, when do we use such monopolar and bipolar cauterization? Thank you

  • @catgarb3976
    @catgarb3976 8 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

    Thank you so much for this!!

  • @leilarosa4109
    @leilarosa4109 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    This was excellent, thank you so much.

  • @hanfelmechaelaartillaga5466
    @hanfelmechaelaartillaga5466 9 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    thank you so much for the video and the pptx!

  • @MA-dd9dd
    @MA-dd9dd ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Thank you so much!
    Very informative

  • @romskie7180
    @romskie7180 8 หลายเดือนก่อน +4

    Thank you so much for this informative video about surgical instruments❤❤❤

  • @lynnewilliams6659
    @lynnewilliams6659 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

    I am a M.A., P.N. I enjoyed your video immensely. I've assisted doctors in minor surgeries, and loved my job, so fascinating, and I like to keep learning. Thank you very much! By the way, would you please show a rib spreader?

  • @AnjoVillanueva0823
    @AnjoVillanueva0823 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Thank you very much for this video. It helps me a lot on my studies. Can you kindly do video about the different solutions for skin prep?

  • @lotusdelosreyes8236
    @lotusdelosreyes8236 8 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    Thank you. Very informative video.

  • @Trinity_x2
    @Trinity_x2 6 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    Amazing I love your presentation most definitely help me pass my exam thank you so much

  • @parinozibodova9987
    @parinozibodova9987 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Very helpful. Thank you Sir!

  • @loyaltygodfirst2858
    @loyaltygodfirst2858 8 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Daddy you're the best, thank you, God bless you

  • @arsalanafridi7039
    @arsalanafridi7039 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Thank you for this amazing video.

  • @nejanpan1261
    @nejanpan1261 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    You are so clear at describing all instruments, great information video on surgical basic tools. Wish it was bit longer video and if could use a dummy to show how some of the tools are actually used on tissues would have been great . Awesome job👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻

  • @user-ms3sc3me4s
    @user-ms3sc3me4s 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Super explanation. Thank you very much sir. I learned a lot and got a clear idea about surgical instruments and their use.🥰

  • @yogeshrodge9585
    @yogeshrodge9585 6 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    very informative video thanks sir..

  • @devanbarnett8152
    @devanbarnett8152 10 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Great Video!! Thank you so much!

  • @dionka-ci1nd
    @dionka-ci1nd ปีที่แล้ว +3

    THANK YOU FOR THIS INFORMATION

  • @StevenssonnySamuel
    @StevenssonnySamuel ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thank you so much, I appreciate you

  • @kashmakamal8284
    @kashmakamal8284 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thank you very much for this useful video ❤❤

  • @saberalmousavi294
    @saberalmousavi294 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    It was very complete and useful, thanks you a lot .

  • @naimahfreeman3042
    @naimahfreeman3042 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    loved your video thanks it was very supportive what great teaching

  • @DOJAFOX-hl5rk
    @DOJAFOX-hl5rk 8 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    People call them sissors but the professional names are Hemostats

  • @dasaria09
    @dasaria09 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Thank you so much

  • @beatricefresch2805
    @beatricefresch2805 10 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Thank you very much from Italy :)

  • @user-nm7bw3oi2x
    @user-nm7bw3oi2x ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Can you do a video over skin prep? the different types of skin prep, how to use them, which ones to avoid over allergies etc.

  • @padmavatienterprise4223
    @padmavatienterprise4223 10 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Excellent 👌👌👌

  • @bebiewoodley7450
    @bebiewoodley7450 24 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Thank you so.much doctor this is very helpful vedio I learned a lot I can practice again and again

  • @christyappleduatgalindez6554
    @christyappleduatgalindez6554 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    THANK YOU SO MUCH

  • @user-gq6le7gg5j
    @user-gq6le7gg5j 10 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    Please, kindly do a similar session on basic Laparoscopic surgical instruments. I really appreciate u.

  • @mikebee6530
    @mikebee6530 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    This is amazing, thank you so much

  • @NirmaljitkaurSandhu-oy1ri
    @NirmaljitkaurSandhu-oy1ri ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks sir very informative video

  • @ladynita7329
    @ladynita7329 25 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Thank you 🙏🏽 😊

  • @jerrylindog160
    @jerrylindog160 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    thank you so much for sharing this very informative video for MDR course.

  • @didithcece9823
    @didithcece9823 10 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Thank you so much !

  • @puzzlesmoon
    @puzzlesmoon ปีที่แล้ว

    SO HELPFUL!!!!!

  • @garypugh1153
    @garypugh1153 7 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    In the 70's , those were "roach clips" 😊

    • @ghostmantagshome-er6pb
      @ghostmantagshome-er6pb 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

      The biggest pair of "hemos" we smoked with we called the "Hugemostats".

  • @xiaobowang7848
    @xiaobowang7848 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thanks lots! it's very helpful!

  • @hanaahamdany333
    @hanaahamdany333 10 หลายเดือนก่อน

    شكراً ❤❤❤❤❤

  • @GutaDamtew-fy3my
    @GutaDamtew-fy3my 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thank you so much 🙏

  • @DaniNew2spt
    @DaniNew2spt 27 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Thank you!

  • @clifordvaldez776
    @clifordvaldez776 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    thank you sir! BIG HELP

  • @chandanasenarathne6341
    @chandanasenarathne6341 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Nice lecture sir, Thank you very much .

  • @aracelycano824
    @aracelycano824 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thank you very useful!!

  • @DaveSmith-sb1nd
    @DaveSmith-sb1nd 11 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Thanks so very kindly

  • @user-qy1dy1ms9m
    @user-qy1dy1ms9m หลายเดือนก่อน

    Having a surgery tomorrow 😂
    Watching this for fun 😊

  • @himynameischan
    @himynameischan 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    thank you for this!

  • @vanderson5226
    @vanderson5226 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thank you for explaining

  • @danielarviso4156
    @danielarviso4156 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Love the video

  • @natyrdz12
    @natyrdz12 8 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    I’m surprised you didn’t have Richardson, Deever or Harrington in the retractors, those a pretty common in general surgery.

    • @wholeNwon
      @wholeNwon 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

      I remember Dr. Deaver. Note spelling.

  • @reffyshanianovianti9564
    @reffyshanianovianti9564 11 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    thankyou very much..

  • @carlam6669
    @carlam6669 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Are there left-handed scissors for surgeons that are left-handed? If you use right-handed scissors in your left hand the blades tend to spread apart and not cut well.

  • @catanaemanuela1124
    @catanaemanuela1124 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thank you vary much. This is vary usefull. I am courious about those instruments from your wall. Do you have a video about thouse also?

  • @emmanuelflourish-morris4073
    @emmanuelflourish-morris4073 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thanks man 🤝

  • @christophergitano9063
    @christophergitano9063 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    plastic resins and poly based utensils for human interface non-static does not conduct electricity, does not manipulate the iron structure based around oxidized blood or an open orfice

  • @DOJAFOX-hl5rk
    @DOJAFOX-hl5rk 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I go to medical school and at one point I count name 54 different surgical instruments and developer and use ,I leave the profession about 20 years but I still remember most of there names

  • @ssnugy9508
    @ssnugy9508 6 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    nice thank you

  • @timrasico7831
    @timrasico7831 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Very well done! Thank you! Dr.Tim Rasico M.D. Ph.D

    • @wholeNwon
      @wholeNwon 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

      "Dr." is a redundancy.

  • @okunokuikapeter9949
    @okunokuikapeter9949 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thanks

  • @meharmohsin5683
    @meharmohsin5683 3 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    where is your office ???

  • @ziauddin7948
    @ziauddin7948 หลายเดือนก่อน

    i have used misquito & larger than mosquito clamps , small forcep , needle holders & reound end scissors & scalpel , while doing minor to moderate surgries # but haven't used blood vessels electrocautery # 👍🇵🇰

  • @marylamb2130
    @marylamb2130 5 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    I just happened across this today. I think I found a new career! 😀

  • @KiranSharma-er2iq
    @KiranSharma-er2iq 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I completed my bsc nursing please tell me,, ward work bettere or Operation theatre bettere

  • @wholeNwon
    @wholeNwon 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I think you misspelled Dr. Halsted's name.

  • @sharlafelton1992
    @sharlafelton1992 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Do you have a supply video that I'm over looking?

    • @SurgicalCounts
      @SurgicalCounts  7 หลายเดือนก่อน

      I don't currently, but I may make one in the future. Thank you for the suggestion.

  • @user-vc8ln5el3s
    @user-vc8ln5el3s 27 วันที่ผ่านมา

    I am Indian but i like your video

  • @ZZXXYYWWMARIO
    @ZZXXYYWWMARIO หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Why cut it though?

  • @brooklynnarvaez3566
    @brooklynnarvaez3566 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Do you have a video over pediatric surgery?? Its my last chapter test and need help!

    • @SurgicalCounts
      @SurgicalCounts  ปีที่แล้ว +1

      That's a good idea, but, no, I don't have one. There isn't a pediatrics chapter in the book I was working from.

  • @HOROLOGY7
    @HOROLOGY7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Hello I am brand new to this channel and considering the Surgical Tech field. Does anyone happen to know which programs are accredited in NYC? I google it and so many colleges and programs come up but I’m not sure how to check which ones are accredited in 2024. Also does anyone recommend going the college route vs a tech program? Any information is greatly appreciated! Thank you

    • @SurgicalCounts
      @SurgicalCounts  หลายเดือนก่อน

      www.caahep.org/students/find-an-accredited-program Select Surgical Technology as the "Profession" and type "New York" in the search bar.

  • @-MakeItGood-
    @-MakeItGood- 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

    “Electizzity” 😂

  • @isabelmunoz7024
    @isabelmunoz7024 6 หลายเดือนก่อน +4

    You’re such a Harrington 🤭

    • @cassieramos8825
      @cassieramos8825 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Instrument king 👑

    • @Sushi-bn5qm
      @Sushi-bn5qm 6 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      LMAOOOOO OMG 😂😂😂😂😂😂😂

  • @mohsenrahman1438
    @mohsenrahman1438 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

    👍

  • @NirmaljitkaurSandhu-oy1ri
    @NirmaljitkaurSandhu-oy1ri 10 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Respected sir
    Which is the best college in New York Washington for surgical technology program???

    • @SurgicalCounts
      @SurgicalCounts  10 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      I always recommend CAAHEP and ABHES accredited programs. You can find a list of nearby CAAHEP programs here: www.caahep.org/students/find-an-accredited-program

    • @NirmaljitkaurSandhu-oy1ri
      @NirmaljitkaurSandhu-oy1ri 10 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Thank you sir

  • @adarshvg989
    @adarshvg989 3 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Any vecancy for CSSD?