What is a tokamak? And is a spherical tokamak different?
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 2 ต.ค. 2024
- Scientists are trying to replicate the conditions found in the centres of stars to make clean energy on Earth. A tokamak is the best way we have found to do this so far, although other approaches are also being tried and are making good progress.
Here, Dr Melanie Windridge talks about the conditions we need for fusion and how we can get close to these conditions in tokamaks. Find out where the name "tokamak" comes from and how they are able to trap hot fusion fuels using a combination of strong magnetic fields. Finally, hear how a 'spherical' tokamak is different to an ordinary one, and what advantages this has that could help us make fusion power stations for clean, sustainable energy.
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5 oil companies disliked this video.
Like the comment go save some people already!
Lol'
Thanks for the explanation. Although not many people watch such videos, but I am glad that such videos are still produced
im 12, I love physics
@@amaylor500 Good. Keep going
@@amaylor500 Good for you 👍
Yes, thank you this channel for the video
And all it's used for is boiling water to spin a turbine with the steam produced, this is crazy dawg
nothin beats a good ole water turbine, except for maybe a sterling engine
IC engine
Anyone got another way without steam power
@@acykablyatley Carnot engine would be best design.
Maybe someday we will be able to extract electrons directly from the fusion, until then boiling water we go
And Tony Stark built it in a cave
With a box of scraps
he built an arc reactor in a cave this is different but same level of craziness
that was cold fusion which tony stark build and it is practically near to impossible
@@xyzz8088anime well you know what they say...
It's impossible until someone does it
@@xyzz8088anime considering the shit we’ve done I’d wager it’ll happen but just not in anyone’s current lifetime
Love the way she explains that things...
SOVIET Physicist
Nathan Yavlinsky
Discovered Tokamak in 1958
Do you mean, he knew the process it would take to succeed, but just didn't have the technology at the time?
Or was it just resisted by the energy companies/government (?) even after having the tech to do it?
Thanks.
@@triggerhappydad65
Fusion power T.O.K.A.M.A.K requires more energy to run it then it CAN Produce
This is where scientists are stuck with fusion energy
Normal people: it is a torus
Americans: D O N U T
Am american physics student, can confirm that we call it D O N U T
This is why I love Russian science. "This device might blow everything up, or it might actually work after a fashion, even if it is crazy expensive and not very efficient. That's okay, we'll perfect it as we go...if we don't blow everything up in the process."
These guys have neutron stars for balls.
I really enjoy your videos, but it feels like you're aiming all of them at people who've never heard about fusion before, explaining everything from the ground up.
I'd love to see a video of you grabbing your biggest nerd, sitting them infront of a camera an just nerd out about the individual systems!
I think your magnetics videos come closest do that, but I'd love to see more!
These new introductory-style videos are indeed aimed at people who have never hear about fusion. We gradually need a lot more people in the world knowing a tiny bit about what fusion is. As for the other videos, we try and make them accessible to as wide an audience as possible. The science of course is super-complex, but we want to give people an appreciation of what's involved. We do love it that we have some highly-engaged followers who want to know more, and maybe the videos in the fusion science playlist are more your thing.
@@mw8295 Yes, I am aware of the irony of posting this comment under this specific video, but even the other ones, focused on one single topic like magnetics always seem to start from zero.
This was not the best video to make this point, but my point still stands :)
@@Gigabecquerel why not email the creators and engineers about the papers they use, as long as they don’t violate any privacy and secrets in making that informations available
I admit, I can't wrap my head around this and wonder why it won't just explode when they turn it on!
They turned it on and it didn’t explode 😉
Inside the reactor there is pressure or vacuum not sure. If something were to happen it would shut down
The magnets keep the heated material from touching the sides of the machine.
O poder do sol, na palma da minha mão" octopus, doutor.
Those who are here by following the link mentioned in 12th NCERT Physics textbook>>>>>>>
Почему плазма пульсирует? А когда выходит в стабильное состояние срывается или в этот момент подаётся дейтерий и тритий?
Hyperboloid and Torus = Aether.
With this explanation I don't quite get the difference between a tokamak and a Stellarator.
Fusion is still a dream in progress. Does it creates fusion energy economically
I've got my cold fusion reactor on my desk here, let me know when you catch up to my technology...oh wait, that's a lava lamp, sorry.
Why so much effort devoted to public relations? Go back to the lab and make it work!
Maybe to attract greater civilian funding 🤷♀️
As if they can't do both. Moron.
A pastar said this was fake...that it was a movie prop. I stopped talking to him all together. Havent been back to a church and wont ever return to one either.
maybe explain first what is this for ? near unlimited source of power ?
some of us myself included don't even know what fusion is. although i do recall gohan doing it
Imagine they accidentally started it up with the man still inside!... Can you imagine how bad he would be hurt?!😱
Flash back to Ironman 1 big ass Tokamac inside Stark R&D building.
The funny fact is that in the case of Iron man 1, a tokamak-shaped reactor was used for cold fusion, while in real life only hot fusion works in a tokamak
The dramatic irony I'm experiencing is infinite like pi!
It is nonsense . There is no material which can Withstands all heat without melting
How much energy does this produce exactly?
Enough to power an entire town like Oxford.
@@jamesbogart BUT it requires a LOT more energy to power the reactor.
@@buneon4462 For now. That's a large point of the video.
I know this is a stupid question but, is this fusion effective ? As in does it output more energy than the consumed energy? And also since deutirium and tritium are extremely rare
how much heat does it emitts out
Only enough to melt several counties around it
même en reprenant les théories d'Albert Einstein vous y arriverais pas.
To make this thing efficient, will require a very impressive magic trick.
To even talk about efficiency is ridiculous.
I mean please, doing surgery with a stone instead of a wooden stick is more efficient, that doesn’t mean it’s working towards anything.
I hate that nearly every publication and even scientists involved, misrepresent what is going on to an absurd degree.
Im not even gonna start on the neutron loss overlooked by most ,,compact reactor“ designs, or the beryllium neutron traps, that I would love to see working plans for. As long as I didn’t miss someone just suddenly making heavy Proton/Boron reactions feasible, I am extremely sure I’m mislead by those ,,efficient, compact, net gain“ designs.
Believe me, I would love NOTHING more than a working, efficient fusion reactor. I like the hype, it’s needed to gain sufficient funds, but it can’t be that 80% of people involved just lie, or lie by omission, about the progress achieved.
I know that way more money is needed, but people have to see that this whole idea could be scraped altogether, if the public, politicians and honest investors, get the impression they are being lied to.
It would be the most sarcastic and cruel twist of fate, if in the end, fusion energy just gets disregarded, as one of the biggest investment scams of all times.
So the donut shape is more efficient, but why? And a question: if it’s so hard to keep the plasma from hitting the sides of the chamber, wouldn’t it be better to use a round chamber that creates a kind of magnetic “bowl”, so that the plasma will seek towards the center and be easier to handle?
Useless experimental setup!
never viable
Has anyone observed any gravitational disturbance around the Tokamak when it is operating?
if it uses magnetic force i dont see how it could. Well, actually, it is extremely dense. Which could lead to extreme gravitational force. but the earths core is under so much more pressure that it would be extremely hard to notice a difference. so in short, no, probably not.
@@buneon4462 Of course it has a gravitational field, the point being, is it large enough to cause a measurable disturbance and, if so, is it large enough to create a difference between the clocks controlling processes inside and outside the Tokamak. If for arguments sake this were to happen it could be the reason why the process is difficult to control. Just a thought.
Does it open any unwanted portal from different realms/dimension?
@@azmiahmad8897 I don't see why anyone would think it might but me my guest to be first to jump in. Send us a postcard from wherever you end up.
Keep going.
@Paul Varn
Check out these articles on Graphene as a "High Field Magnet", and so much more!
Graphene can not only be the High Field Magnets, it can be every part of the machine, replacing everything.
From the outside as a shell plating, to the inside as the electronics, circuits, pipes, everything.
And it can be used as sensors, and so much more!
www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1631070512001557
newscenter.lbl.gov/2010/07/29/graphene-under-strain/
phys.org/news/2019-12-magnetism-graphene.html
www.ru.nl/hfml/research/research-highlights/highlights/graphene-quantum/
arxiv.org/abs/1004.3396
www.nature.com/articles/s42005-019-0161-5
www.researchgate.net/publication/7069773_Landau-Level_Splitting_in_Graphene_in_High_Magnetic_Fields
There are more articles, but there are just too many to link, google search "graphene as a high field magnet".
You see.. they can replace their High Field Magnets with Graphene.
----------
Q. Can Graphene be produced enough and cheap enough?
A. Yes, check my other channel in the links below.
----------
I sent the links already under another video, but here they are again.
Videos with important info to get around my other channel.
th-cam.com/play/PLAUtk-Q2DF7xsjVfESM1sqZdkHJYRw--j.html
Don't forget to check the rest of the channel on Graphene and Quantum Technologies, use the steps in the link above in this comment.
Reminds me of the Dr octopus device of Spiderman :D
May i have mini tokamak for my vr quest 2 so i can stay forever in metaverse.?
Oh yes, the lil' Tokamak Nuclear Fusion Reactor
le soleil et sa puissance
Another brillant russian design.
Russians were the first to use a tokamak. That doesn’t mean it’s a Russian design.
@@Gomlmon99 how old are you.....tokmak was invented in russia in tokmak okay.you shouldn't be watching if you dont know basic info. Russians are brilliant another superlative russian invention.
@@milesslad989 I know they were first used in Russia.
Just because they were first used there, it doesn’t mean they are all a Russian design. Russians invented the radio, electric railway, and caterpillar tracks. Does that mean your radio at home is Russian?
@@Gomlmon99 russians invention...sakharov designed the t 1 in 1958 .
@aamerican aaron the whole russian concept and design is still the cornerstone to their modified system. Without the original idea you wouldnt have anything.
I guess there will be water nearby so neutrons can get absorbed to make energy and therefore steam to run a turbine.
In a perfect world that would be such a great way to harness and use the thermal energy created BUT as I'm sure you will agree this world is far from perfect......However I'll try to explain (with my very limited knowledge in this area) why they couldn't do that......From what I've learned about these tokamak projects is that the magnetic fields produced are absolutely frightening and the actual location of the one under construction in Europe (so I believe,I apologise for not Googling my answer this is from memory,its a very busy day today) the bigger these systems are the more problems arise regarding safety and containment,I saw something a while ago about the problems of which I'm talking about and these were the predicted problems before (obviously) these things are built and switched on.Its a very exciting project that I believe is being built and will be a reality because A.this will benefit mankind if they work as predicted and
B.China is building one so I guess it's a race to get these built and finally crack the Fusion Energy conundrum here on Earth.....I personally believe that the possible reason why they wouldn't create a heat exchanger system which your suggesting is because of the problems stated above BUT there wouldn't need to be a system like that because the whole idea is to create the most efficient energy system possible SO all the planets energy needs would be achieved in this thing actually working as predicted.....hope that helped,I'm far from qualified to really answer that but my Electrical engineering qualifications and observations will have to do at this time......good question though.
True, water is quite good at capturing neutron radiation. But for fusion, you need tritium which isn't very common in sea water. Fusion reactors plan to use a "tritium breeding blanket" which can produce more tritium than your reactor uses. Problem is, water doesn't breed enough tritium.
Instead, lithium metal, or alloys of it, capture neutrons very easily to produce helium and tritium (and also more heat energy). It's not yet fully proven, but theoretically it should be possible to have the blanket capture and shield the neutron radiation, then that blanket can be cooled with water. That way the water doesn't become radioactive and you can produce more tritium fuel for the reactor itself.
What would be the disadvantages are of a spherical tokamak vs toroidal?
They are both toroidal. The spherical tokamak is a low aspect ratio torus. The main disadvantage of the spherical tokamak is that the engineering is more challenging because of the squashed up design and lack of space, but if we can deal with that then we can build a more efficient machine.
@Melanie Windridge
Check out these articles on Graphene as a "High Field Magnet", and so much more!
Graphene can not only be the High Field Magnets, it can be every part of the machine, replacing everything.
From the outside as a shell plating, to the inside as the electronics, circuits, pipes, everything.
And it can be used as sensors, and so much more!
www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1631070512001557
newscenter.lbl.gov/2010/07/29/graphene-under-strain/
phys.org/news/2019-12-magnetism-graphene.html
www.ru.nl/hfml/research/research-highlights/highlights/graphene-quantum/
arxiv.org/abs/1004.3396
www.nature.com/articles/s42005-019-0161-5
www.researchgate.net/publication/7069773_Landau-Level_Splitting_in_Graphene_in_High_Magnetic_Fields
There are more articles, but there are just too many to link, google search "graphene as a high field magnet".
You see.. the High Field Magnets can be replaced with Graphene.
And everything else about the Tokamak.
Also let's not leave out Quantum Computers with their simulations and big algorithms solved in the blink of an eye. Quantum Computer breakthroughs are happening all the time, Archer Materials is working with IBM on Graphene with Quantum Computers to bring them to room temperature and for our Desktop Computers, phones, cars, laptops, in schools, airplanes and so much more, you should see their progress.
Quantum Computers should go towards helping your Tokamaks, IBM already has commercially available Quantum Computers, but they are nothing like Archer Materials in how Graphene will be used with them, can't wait for even more breakthroughs. Also you should check out Intel's Cryogenic chip for Quantum Computers, another breakthrough, and they can also now make Qubits smaller, faster, and more powerful, a long with hot Qubits, and so much more is coming!
Oh btw, supposedly particle accelerators can now fit in your pocket, imagine accelerating other things in Physics much faster, very handy for Physicists.
----------
Q. Can Graphene be produced enough and cheap enough?
A. Yes, check my other channel in the links below.
----------
Videos with important info to get around my other channel.
th-cam.com/play/PLAUtk-Q2DF7xsjVfESM1sqZdkHJYRw--j.html
Don't forget to check the rest of the channel on Graphene and Quantum Technologies, use the steps in the link above in this comment.
And here's one other video to check out on Flash Graphene, we can now make large machines in space "while controlling the carbon atoms and more, in a large structure so that they don't float around in space at high speeds", and on the Earth we can make another large machine, to produce Graphene faster, and cheaper. Think big about this.
th-cam.com/video/hKIqgD-Aeds/w-d-xo.html
Btw have you thought about Fusion Energy converted to the grid, but instead of Electrons for electricity, it goes from Fusion Energy converted to the grid as Photonics. And then replacing all electronics into Photonics as has been mentioned will happen at some point.
th-cam.com/play/PLAUtk-Q2DF7yx80jrh7uORkHKowzGy7pi.html
Again please remember to check out everything on my other channel.
where are we finding all thid H3 ???
TERMINAL BUS BEJEN
TEGAL GEDE
KARANG ANYAR
What’s the use of Tokamak?
If you watched interstellar, endurance electrical and propulsion was powered by tokamak, so it can be used for space travel
@@eelo216 space does not exist
Could you use tokamak directional magnetization to create a wing shape with the Plasma, and generate lift within the chamber at a slight energy cost, and create Antigravity that way, without the gravity well forming beneath the chamber? That could anchor a PowerPlant down, or generate more efficient lift in an aircraft. It's basically a fibonacci spiral, the 2d wing profile.
Ahahah
i am seeing this for exam
Doc oc in search!
What are its applications ?
energy. clean energy.
Umm hmm
Okay so then how is energy made from the plasma? I mean the whole point of creating plasma is to obtain energy right? Then how do you use that energy?
the energy is heat and boils water to spin a magnet that makes electricity
@@borisharman2412 can you source an article for more information on this?
@@udaypratap1996 it's basically the same idea as to how nuclear power plants work except replacing the uranium rods with plasma from nuclear fusion. The plasma made from nuclear fusion releases a lot of heat and that heat will be used to boil water and the steam will turn a turbine that is attached to a electricity generator which is just a spinning magnet around a copper or aluminium coil and that pushes out the electrons from the copper or aluminium and that makes electricity. my friend I hope you enjoyed my TED talk.
agreeing with boris here. extreme heat is produced from fusion reaction that produces water vaper that spins a motor.
@@udaypratap1996 article; en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_knowledge and en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbine and en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor also en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat dont forget en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power and en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_generator
I wonder if the Russians picked токамак as the name because the Cyrillic looks similar in the Latin alphabet?
Токамак - это сокращение от «тороидальная камера с магнитными катушками», каковая камера - главный элемент реактора, который служит для удержания плазмы.
Tokamak is an abbreviation for "toroidal (to) chamber (ka) with magnetic (ma) coils (k)", which chamber is the main element of the reactor, which serves to hold plasma.
Actually I am nor really happy about your information strategy. I am now waiting for over a year for the results of the next steps with ST40. Didn't you want to approach the 100 million degree level. Do I believe tast you were doing nothing. Off cause not. But you really could be a little bit more transparent. What are the next steps. When do you want to achieve them. Seeing forward to your reaction.
Dear Mr Mass, we are sorry that you feel that your happiness should be our priority and that we haven't delivered on this front. We are indeed working towards 100 million degree temperatures in ST40, but 2020 has been rather unexpected, as years go, with global lockdowns etc. So I'm sure you'll understand that the slow-down in information is nothing to do with a lack of transparency and everything to do with resources, time and priorities. Never fear, progress is being made and you will hear about it in due course. Very best wishes.
@@mw8295 XD
Why does this vid have a sort of Russian Propaganda feel to it. "It's the most advanced design, and it's Russian!'
Well ... Because russian scientist came up with it dawg ... Jeez ...
Don't be such a bitc* about it.
Give credit where credit is due.
Soviet scientists created a lot of cool tech even if the government was run by maniacs.
Because on CNN you would hear "it's a Russian design and it's bad, and we're using it so they don't feel sad, if we wanted to we'd make something 10 times better".
Warpcore star trek
I need a tokamack to charge my cellphone. The batteries are definitely not good.
leave this planet pls
hello im a student in plasma physics at the university of Montreal. i was wondering where your Labs are? maybe i could drop my resume and work for you guys once im out of PhD? i have many revolutionary ideas and am looking forward to working with you all and maybe earning a Nobel prize!!!
Alright Stark calm down
There is a fundamental flaw with the design of tokamaks for achieving fusion.
Only those new to fusion will believe that. One should be skeptical when anyone tells his fusion device is the best because that actually does everyone. It seems that even the opinion changes faster than those devices can be built.
Primitive old thing.
Without A.I. your chances are close to zero
No, they won't work because of inherent design flaws, foundational to the system.
What design flaws?
@@Gomlmon99 look at the machine they are essentially trying to create a small sun in a vacuum. Does it look like the sun?
@@Gomlmon99 what happens when the shielding on the central and external chassis fails? What if that fusion reaction reaches those molecules or worse falls into the earth? You need something that will cause the reaction to go inert if the chamber opens up. I have some answers to that but not here where my ideas can be stolen.
@@kellywatts3051 but they aren’t trying to create a small sun. That’s just a metaphor. It’s absolutely nothing like the sun and wouldn’t work if it was.
@@kellywatts3051 how could the shielding possibly fail? And if it did, nothing would happen. The reaction instantly stops the second anything goes wrong. Are you confusing it with nuclear fission? How could it “fall into the earth”?
baby this is not to match dotorium and tritium in the World . Hahahah