Tonga eruption and tsunami shock the world
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 19 พ.ย. 2022
- Tsunamis and shockwaves hit continents on the other side of the Pacific. The Hunga-Tonga Hunga-Ha'apai (HT-HH) volcano was like a massive shotgun blast from the deep, generating the biggest atmospheric explosion recorded on Earth in more than 100 years.
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Funded by The Nippon Foundation, NIWA and SEA-KIT surveyed over 22,000km2 surrounding the volcano, including mapping 14,000km2 of previously unmapped seafloor as part of The Nippon Foundation GEBCO Seabed 2030 project
New Zealand's National Institute for Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) has discovered that almost 10km3 of seafloor was displaced - the equivalent to 2.6 million Olympic-sized swimming pools and a third more than initial estimates - with two thirds coming from the summit and the rest from the surrounding flanks.
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Learn more about the survey and the The Nippon Foundation GEBCO Seabed 2030 project: niwa.co.nz/news/tonga-eruptio...
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Filmed, edited and produced by Rebekah Parsons-King.
Additional footage: Brendan Hall (University of Auckland), Siosaia Langilangi, Lt Holo Lakai, Officer Esafe Vuki, Terushi Sho, TVNZ via Getty Images, NEWSHUB Archives, Newsflare Ltd, Taaniela Kula, Pununu Tukuafu, Sally Watson.
Animations: NOAA/NASA, Simon Proud, Eric Jordan, Phillip Brandl, Lana Young, Stuart Mackay, Cyprien Bosserelle.
Music: Artlist: Life Force by Tristan Barton, Deep Blue Sea by Yehezkel Raz, The Racer by Tristan Barton, Autumn Mist by Nobou, Hourglass by Yehezkel Raz, Naski by Infinity.
SFX: Envato Elements - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
I live 220km from the eruption.
I heard a massive crack bang whilst eating lunch at the table at home. Then another and another. This went on for what seemed like well over an hour long.
And the recent earthquake in Tonga sounded like freight train was coming before the house shook very violently then started to roll.
Both experienced have really opened my eyes.
I have the Suspicious0bservers Disaster Prediction App on my phone and not a day goes by that the Tonga region doesn't experience at least a Magnitude 5 quake.
As the site creator, Ben Davidson always ends his videos: "Eyes open, No fear... Be safe, everyone."
Were I you, I'd be prepping by stockpiling food, fuel and medical supplies. If you live in a low-lying area that may be subject to a tsunami you might want to outfit your vehicle with survival equipment, including food, shelter, trade-goods, personal defense, etc. and be ready to evacuate to high ground on short notice.
If you don't currently have a weather-alert radio get one and have it set up. The next mega-blast eruption might happen at 3AM local time.
You are in my prayers. Be safe...........................
there as a family living offgrid on an island right near the explosion location. They had just gone off island to take daughter to college the month before. Everything they had and all their animals - destroyed. Flattened. Lucky for them they'd taken daughter to college. It saved all of their lives.
So they were living off grid, and they get thanked by having everything scoured.
@@puppiesarepower3682 Living with the nature always carries the possibility of danger and loss. There's no point to be bitter about it. Just start all over again and carry on, remembering your own mortality and how fragile life is.
Devastating to all including animals, wildlife and marine life.
It's sad that you had no value for the lives of the animals who perished. You brushed it aside and seemed glad that luckily the humans were saved. You mean animals and other living creatures do not have the right to live?? They, in fact, deserve it more, because most of these calamities are caused due to humans' craze. They are the unfortunate victims not man.
@@grfegrfe1069 seek help bud. It won't make you look weak to get the help you need, but will actually help you. I'm with you bro I promise, just get the proper help you need.
Pyroclastic flows... underwater!? That's just cool and terrifying in equal measure.
Wow its extremely hard to convey complex ideas and subjects like this with eloquence and pace. Very well made and gave me a deep appreciation for the efforts of NIWA. Well done everyone involved.
Thanks Aaron.
Looks like many friends of NIWA (whatever that is because it is never defined) have posted comments praising this ridiculous effort. Did you hear the atmospheric music?
@@vmcla NIWA, as defined in the description of the video (I know, reading is hard) is New Zealand's National Institute for Water and Atmospheric Research.
As for the comments praising their great effort, there are many people interested in the science surrounding volcanoes, and the Hunga-Tonga Hunga-Ha'apai eruption in particular is incredibly noteworthy, as it is the first eruption of it's kind to occur in modern times, and has in many ways surprised scientists from all over the world. Many past assumptions need to be reassessed because of this eruption, because it turns out that before this, no one actually had a good understanding of how a big eruption in shallow water behaves.
For science, this eruption is likely to be at least as valuable as Mt St Helens' 1980 eruption or Pinatubo's 1991 eruption. Which, to be clear, likely makes it the single most scientifically valuable volcanic eruption of all time. I expect it will become a 'standard' to compare (some kinds of) volcanic eruptions to much like Mt St Helens or Krakatoa (1883) are.
@@Leyrann You know what’s really hard, Bro? Producing video that appeals to people outside of your own community. Finding the right way to tell your story, selecting the correct host and voice, and an attention to detail and how much time is being consumed by things that are off focus. THAT is hard and you obviously don’t have the skills to do that. Why not hire somebody to teach you or are to too “perfect”….. One more thing, boob, NOWHERE on the page does it define the letters that your think are known universally. I looked it up on Google even and found it hard to find. So, maybe reflect before you react. Remember the audience is full of professionals and you the team clearly are not. Lastly, producing for the public requires a willingness to accept one’s mistakes and to learn from feedback… not to attack it or to justify your errors… errors of an amateur and juvenile. Good luck, bro.
@@Leyrann Additionally, those of us who follow vulcanism do so without the dreary, self congratulatory video you slapped together.
Something I found fascinating about the blast wave that went round the world is that it showed up on personal weather stations everywhere I looked, including my own. The timing of the spikes recorded were proportional to the distance from the blast and, for example, it hit in a arc from Alaska to South America at nearly the same time. I used the weather underground system to research this.
Geology hub did a small piece on this fact. Pretty wild that something halfway around the world can be measured in your living room. All is vibration.
Thanks for your research 🙏🏾💜
Brilliant 🌸😉
Wavelengths travel further than anyone can possibly imagine.
🐲✨🐲✨🐲✨
@@Novastar.SaberCombat Yes. I'm in north central Washington State near the Canadian border. My weather station reported the spike of the primary wave (short path) and it showed up again from the long path having gone around the world. This also showed up in many recording weather stations, unmistakably. I was able to calculate the time of the long wave pass and when I looked at the data there it was. Same thing happens with earthquakes of sufficient size. Exactly at the opposite site of the earth from the blast it converged. There were no weather stations near that point that I could find, but it was probably a big deal.
The guy recorded on the beach with the kids listening to the banging eruption noises of the volcano knowing it's a hundred miles away having fun feeling safe with the kids was historical recording of the event. Then knowing the volcano is a hundred miles away and feeling and hearing the shockwave of the big one definite historical video :)
I remember being amazed capturing the pressure wave on my weather station twice as it passed over the UK! Unreal for something over ten thousand miles away.
never felt a thing
@@pa5287 By then it was by far too weak to feel as a human but the weather stations all registered tiny blips that could make a map using the time and location data around the world .
Beautiful and necessary work. Thank you for your video. As a retired scientist, I have been anxiously awaiting this kind of serious reporting of the extensive impact of this eruption. The long term effects demand attention. I’m sure it has been very exciting and rewarding to be an active part in such a collaborative effort. There are many of us who value your work and will look forward to updates. Fascinating stuff. Way beyond the splashy headlines and then dead silence of the news sources.
Exactly. It's important that humanity becomes familiar with Carl Sagan and Neil Degrasse Tyson rather than Carl's Jr., Neil Patrick Harris, and Tyson chicken nuggets. 🙄
I hope that my own work helps to ignite those braziers of awareness aflame, but I'm certainly not counting on it.
🐲✨🐲✨🐲✨
Yes we need serious volcano and geology scientist now more than ever, their job is very important.
@@colettelane1736 Carbon injection into the atmosphere like this will do some real damage to our ecosphere.
@@kevincourtney7312 your absolutely right, they need to stop playing and spraying our atmosphere with all those chemicals you can go online to see the list, it's a mixture of heavy metals and other chemicals mixed in with jet fuel, very bad.
necessary work or payed to play
This eruption just keeps breaking records. I've been following the atmospheric changes since and am hoping someone does a video like this about them. I do know it pushed a huge amount of water vapor into the stratosphere and it has changed the temperature in unexpected ways. This will enhance or even change weather patterns, and may be a large player in the chaotic climate we've been seeing.
But I haven't come across a thorough video that focuses on data. Hoping we'll get one soon.
Ozgeology has done a big video on how this eruption has effected the weather system causing record breaking rains in Australia
the JetStream is tipped my friend,...it's done.
the arctic 40C, ...it's tipped, the Arctic is finished.
The Climate has changed.
Check out Anton Petrov and Astrum, and Geology Hub, off the top of my head. Like you, I've been following this from the beginning, and keeping the students I work with in the loop, as well. This was a unique, record setting eruption, that will be teaching us things probably for decades to come.
I'm glad I found this video and NIWA. It sounds like they're going to be doing some amazing research.
Btw, another feature of this blast that I haven't seen get much attention is the antipodal shock wave that registered around Morocco. The force of that explosion went every direction, through every medium possible.
Several weather channels have covered the effects of this eruption on Australia's current weather patterns. .i.e. floods.
@@erinmac4750 😼 You named three channels I also follow, with geology hub being the one I've gotten quite a bit of info from. I guess I didn't mention directly that I'm hoping a research facility like a university will compile and assess the data in a complete and thorough review. Otherwise it's just people like us putting the pieces together in a logical way.
However, this eruption keeps showing us that using logic based on passed experiences is the correct way to do it, but our assumptions are turning out very wrong. All I know is that the weather patterns where I live have been way out of whack. Sort of normal, but also very abnormal at the same time. I get the feeling this area is going to take a bit more time to tease out the specifics. But the atmospheric scientist have got to be chomping at the bit for more data.
OMG so want to learn and watch the video but the background music makes it very difficult
I love this video, awesome thank you! Singing & music behind the talking is very distracting though, can you guys please turn the background volume down abit next time? Thanks.
What a refreshing change to find such fascinating content on TH-cam, let’s hope there is a full documentary about this amazing event and the incredible science it has triggered. I’d love to know if the 3D seabed images where exaggerated or realistic, not that there isn’t enough “wow” factor already.
We have had extremely unusual weather patterns across much of eastern Australia this year. It would not surprise me if this volcano is largely responsible for it. Great video and look forward to seeing what further research tells us in the future.
True but 99.9% of these climate events are of course caused by the unvaccinated and white supremacy . But the rest quite possibly could be the massive volcano . Well spotted .
They are spraying your skies
We just had one volcano go off in Hawaii recently as well. overall pressure seems to have let loose.
@@SabbaticusRex 😂😂😂😂😂😂😂
Look up la nina and el nino weather patterns. It might explain it for you.
What an incredibly informative and captivating explanation of what is obviously a very complex process. Thank you
So glad to find your channel! I was hoping someone was doing this level of measurement, sampling and research following this awe-inspiring eruption. I was stunned to hear that pyroclastic flows reached 80kms away, the energy pushing that material through the density of water!
This eruption affected so much for us, I'm glad this research is looking into these events, as our recorded history of many of these is just a blip in the larger picture. I would like to see more involvement of the local people and agencies in Tonga and other areas, such as Solomon Islands, or PPNG. It would be empowering, bringing more education and tech to the region, as well as some economic gain.
Thank you, again, for this informative production! 💜🌏🍀
It talent cellz
Would really love to hear what you have to say ! Turn down the wailing back ground music so you can be heard . Thanks
Love to learn
Its really good to see that you guys are using some of the state of the art technology to map the area safely and ascertain the damage and future risk. Me being a hydrographic surveyor I always love to work in these challenging condition with USVs and ROVs. Hope to see some more analyzed data from the region in future videos.
Oh, the background music makes it difficult to hear people's voices ...
Thank you for the interesting video. I have been involved in dredging in the northern part of the Tonga Trough near Samoa. It is a very amazing geological structure.
Thank you, we are pleased you enjoyed it.
300 km from 'Eua Island east of Tongatapu the 2nd deepest Tonga trench 10.8km deep Maliana 10.9
what an exciting opportunity to learn about these geological and ecological processes in real time. Really impressive group of organizations coming together!
Thanks Sarah-Jane it was a tragic event but an amazing opportunity to gather information.
Utterly fascinating video many thanks. I am a geologist (and have been for nearly 30 years) and love the fact that we can still learn something new everyday.
A fantastic look at the seafloor aftermath of the volcano's eruption! Outstanding job!
I love the video but the back ground music makes it hard to hear what you are saying. It would be nice if it was so loud and your voices were louder. To much work went into what your doing to not hear you clearly. I love the content thou.
Thank you for this analysis. Nice to know that someone is working on these issues.
Thank you immensely for this video but importantly the tremendous amount of work that you all did to make these findings.
This was a day I will never forget.
This video was excellent! I look forward to seeing more discoveries by NIWA, in youtube, regarding under water volcanoes in the ring of fire region, there are so many volcanoes between nz and tonga, and as a tongan, I grew up not really thinking of tonga being full of volcanic activity, I just didn't know the volcanoes were all under the sea.😅 and only thought of nz, and hawaii, being full of volcanoes.
My great grandfather I suspect, may have been born at a time, when fonuafo'ou ( falcon island) erupted, and was named after the volcano, I think there may be some interesting stories to discover from the people of ha'apai regarding volcanic activity, stories, they carry from their ancestors. I know for sure, that this explosion would have definitely left a huge imprint on the minds and memories of the people, and this event will be told to the generations to come. 🙂
My weather station picked up the pressure wave here in Montana, USA.
Thank you very much for making this video. Very informative. I worry about crop yields in the Southern Hemisphere because of the reduced solar energy getting to the ground.
I could hear this eruption from Samoa. It sounded like rolling thunder that just went on and on for an hour. It must have been terrifying for our Tongan cousins.
Beautifully made film about such an interesting and complex topic. Thank you. Sad to think about all the loss of life during the eruption and the subsequent damage, but at least this can show something beautiful can still come from a tragedy.
Seeing the images from space gave me chills. Great film.
Interesting research and documentation. Living here in the Philippines and am aware of the many volcanoes and risks nearby.
you might want to sub to Dutchsinse yt channel. Dutch reports on EQ's & Volcanoes worldwide with continous updates. He even 'forecasts' EQ's in order to inform his viewers to 'be prepared not scared'.
you'll be interested in Dutchsinse yt channel. - a university course on the net.
I felt the air vibration in south east Queensland as it was late afternoon when the boom went out. Every night since January we have had pink sunsets. We have also had that H2O coming back down on us and drowning the whole country.
This volcano changed our climate for sure. Yes we have a negative SAM and a negative IOD and El Neno. But they may have ended if not for this eruption. In 2018 we got heaps of pumice when it erupted.
I’m so thankful to all of the hard working people involved in collecting all of the data to show us what our planet 🌏 can really do. Also looking forward to future updates 🌋
We've got weird violet sunsets here in Dunedin NZ. We didn't hear or feel anything though despite being right on the coast, doh!
I live in Victoria Australia and our weather has changed drastically. Cold and very wet. My brother-in-law and his wife can no longer live in their house in Rochester as flood waters from the Murray River and Campaspe River has devastated it.
Absolutely BRILLIANT... there's something really endearing about intelligent and smart scientists who yet are humble... Kudos to you ladies and gents!!
Really fascinating! Also, huge props to the editor - extremely well done!
Very interesting - just wish we could turn the music down, gave me such a headache!
Why do people think it's a good idea to have music over narration in videos? If you want to make a music video, make a music video.
Would love to see more vids of submarine volcanoes & eruptions. Absolutely FASCINATING❣️
Why are we JUST now hearing about this all over the tube? This happened January 15th, 2022
One year flood cyclone 🌀 in NZ
The use of music to elicit an emotional response seems odd for a scientific organisation
Not to mention highly annoying for those that just like information...
I was braaiing in NZ and heard the blasts. Thought something was exploding down at the port or quarry detonations somewhere. But no. It was just a massive Tongan volcano.
This was excellent.
Question - was the nearly 10km3 displced volume all ejected? Does this bump/confine the VEI?
Hi Mark, an answer to your question from our marine geologist/voyage leader, Kevin Mackay here: it may bump the VEI to 6. It exploded as if it was a VEI 6, so the volume may arguably confirm that. If it is a 6, then only just. Thanks for your question!
@@NIWA_Science Do you think it's time to improve the VEI scale? It should really be defined by some measure of released energy, like we do for earthquakes. Could be something like ejecta volume x average plume height...? Not much use historically I suppose, but I assume we can measure plume heights directly these days? Thanks for the reply.
It's really an interesting topic, this video is about.
For elderly people like me, however, it's partly hard to follow the explaining voice in the video, because of the very disturbing music, not only but especially when there's a singer performing with a loud voice. Without the music, it really would be a breathtaking video. I guess there's no version of the video available on TH-cam that comes without this music ... I really would love to watch that.
Have a nice day 🖐👴
Thank you, the music was indeed difficult to listen through
with the kind of funding you've been able to have, the wonder is about exploring all kinds of weather. Droughts, Hurricanes, atmospheric rain or snow, tornados, thank you for your video.
As someone born and raised in a country "safe" from this scale of mother Nature's fury, Brazil, ive never paid much attention to such events. This eruption, however, really sparked something in me. It happened on my birthday... and its sheer magnitude, mysteries and world scale impact makes it just... something else. Since then, ive become fascinated with such events, and when watching such high-quality videos as this one, the urge to drop everything else and start studying in a field that someday will allow me to help in such researches is reeeally strong!!! thanks for your work, everyone! 🥰
Thank you for your hard work on this project, my only issue is the background music, distracts from the interviews and science. It’s hard to follow the speaking over the music. Don’t know why producers always feel background music is necessary as it’s fighting with the dialog. But otherwise it’s great.
It's a relief to see there are concerned people who investigate such phenomenon as such natural events should not be ignored.
This was so well done! Thank you for sharing your discoveries in such a great and easy to understand format. Ka Pai!
Thank you for posting this excellent video on a very important subject. How this escaped main stream news media for so long does not surprise me, but does concern me. Volcanic eruptions of this magnitude effects global weather patterns, and thus impacts amongst many things global agricultural systems, food security and local and global economies. For continued resilience of human cultures we need to pay attention to changes in terresteial seismic activity, solar activity (which impacts earth), and fluctuations in not just our magnetoshpere, but changes that are also occurring on other planets in our solar system.
You don't hear about it because it has nothing to do with the NWO " Climate Change " babble . It's not something they can control with all the money in the world or political agenda .
Fascinating. I've served several seasons as a park ranger at Mount St Helens in the US, and I'm fairly familiar with the effects of pyroclastic density currents, as well as the ecological impact and return of volcanic eruptions on land, but...I never considered what might happen underwater. I understood that underwater landslides could occur, certainly, but I hadn't really considered the possibility of a pyroclastic flow under the ocean. This will be an incredible scientific opportunity for generations to come.
thank you for that pure and deep information without the voyeurism, I hope in future videos we will only learn about how softly the volcano turned, all the best especially for those rescue people who are brave and good hearted over there - greetings from almost safe place in Germany Crissy
This is AWESOME!! Thank you so much for this video. This eruption still fascinates me when it made the news earlier this year. And to learn more about it and what to do to prepare for another event like it… it’s very much needed. Thank you to everyone involved for this video. And for the education. Please make more
How incredible! Great video, thank you so much!
Fascinating and well done. Bravo to all involved.
At the southernmost point of mainland NZ(Slope Point) I heard the sonic booms repeatedly reverberating for over two hours. At first I thought it was an attack and some sort of artillery was in use!
What a great job you guys and gals have brought forth, more,more,more,it's that good, what a beautiful place on the planet. Thank you again.
Hereing that blast and seeing the wave in the distance was amazing yet humbling. About ten years after the first eruption of Mt St Hellens in 1980 me and a friend drove up to the observatory that late would be destroyed when the volcano had more activity. When we got there, we were amazed to see people walking down a path and into the crater. As we did not see much activity and the seismographs where still, so we both shrugged and went for it. I got to put my hand on the lava dome that years later would blow itself apart. To feel the heart beet of the planet was life changing. In a touch I could feel just the smallest portion of pure power that is our great planet. It was Awe inspiring and gave me a new appreciation for the power we all walk on every day. I prayed for the people of the Islands when the eruption happened in Tonga and was so sad for their losses. Bless and be well all.
I did my undergrad thesis in igneous petrology with Dr. Tim Grove many many years ago, then went into nuclear explosion monitoring research (seismology). This was absolutely fascinating!! Thank you!!
Helpful presentation, thanks!
Thank you for the continuing research undertaken by you scientists on this volcanic eruption.
Could our present weather, here in New Zealand & Australia, being affected by this volcanic eruption?
Yes watch the video put up by OzGeographics on this topic recently!
@@girishg414 thank you Girish. I'll give it a look.
You all do amazing work well done all of you 👏 💖👏
The Earth - our fascinatingly beautiful home is certainly a gift to be carefully studied & as stewards to treat it with the utmost respect. Our home is delicate and precious!
Thank You NIWA ❤️🙏🌟💯
One of the most spectacular natural events on Earth in this century, this is for sure. One can only be glad that this happened far from human habitation. The Campi Flegrei caldera has a similar risk profile due to its size, its instable geological environment and a similar involvement of shallow water. The Aegean is a similarly dangerous area, as indicated by the Bronze Age eruption of Thera which was also similarly violent. Good for the inhabitants of these areas that such a warning shot happened, now they will probably assume that their situation is several magnitudes more dangerous than previously thought and conduct a lot more of preparation.
Impressive and very important research!
Thank you!
I live in Alaska and it was the weirdest feeling and sound when this happened. My cabin felt like it was shifting in slow motion and my cats were totally freaked. I had no idea what it was 🤷♀️
you guys have the coolest jobs ever! I'm a budding marine scientist, just started my masters in marine geology. I can appreciate how much work, preparatory and analysis went into this. I'm not envious of that part :P But still so cool.
I am curious and wondering what are the temperatures of the water. Does the temperature fluctuate closer to the valcano?
People are confused of the scale of the eruption. I think it’s because it happened in the ocean which doesn’t give people any items to scale it with other than the ocean itself, but the ocean is massive. So it makes the eruption look small. If people saw it next to a city or with cars driving nearby they’d get a far better understanding of the scale.
Thank you for all your work and information.
Extremely interesting. Great to see follow up after it fades out of the news.
The video from the Sheens on this volcano a few weeks before the eruption is amazing!
Great work guys.
Excellent video. Greetings from Vancouver Island Can.
Thx great video
This was wonderful, thank you for sharing!
thank you for posting
Riveting.
Great work all.
Yes Japan is a volcanic country, not just like New Zealand, but like ALL COUNTRIES on planet earth. We are a volcanic planet. The fact that you live on a rim makes you more aware. Everyone needs to self educate and become aware.
Really fascinating. How I wish TH-cam was composed of content like this.
I watched this and spent the next 48 hours reading about the geology of the Tonga Ridge, the back arc basins to the west of it, and so forth.
It also left me feeling such regret for all our sea dwelling and flying fellow creatures who must have been killed.
✨🌎🌊 Fascinating Exploration Of Remote Volcano 🌋 Environment & Science 👍
I was shocked to see the Mt Saint Helen's eruption and devastation. It stands to reason this world happen in the ocean as well. I am still grappling with the scale of the impact because I only see the cean surface and the subsurface grid lines. The results of your study should be fascinating.
Fascinating report but can we have a version without the overly dramatic and intrusive background music, please? It's very distracting and in places obscures the commentary.
Absolutely love this video this is so incredibly interesting every second and I am
So lucky to have lived through this historical experience and remember reading this news at work and this video perfectly captures how impactful of an event on our planet this volcanic eruption was 🌋 🤯
That was a really great video!
Thanks for making science so interesting!
Fabulous work ! The narration was buried by the “background” music. On my ipad . From time to time.
did they take water samples near these events? I wonder the differences from sea water far away...
so underwater the cone is about a kilometer tall wow amazing!!
Amazing well done NIWA
Thank you so much,
We love you.
The hubris is unbelievable - "only through study can we 'manage' these processes..." We cannot "manage" magma plumes and mother nature - just react to it.
They said at first that it was a mere vei4 or so, I mean not here in this documentary, but scientists the months after the event. But when you see the blast from space, it is pretty clear the cloud is the size of an entire country! When I saw the size of that thing, I couldn't help but think about Yellowstone or Campi Flegrei or Taupo. It's a behemoth! A once in a lifetime event is an understatement! I now believe, explosion itself was as big as a supervolcanic eruption, but it did not throw as much tephra as one of those (actually, it was far, far lower volume). Just that given it was undersea, that reaction of magma and seawater made it blow with a supervolcanic force, without the massive tephra volume a supervolcano would spew.
What was the safe zone from that Jan22 eruption?
50km would have been too close?
someone where i live has a weather station and that recorded the pressure wave going over his equipment here in the uk.
Thank you for the video, does anyone know who made the music starting from 1:18?
i couldn't finish watching this video, although i find the subject fascinating, because the music playing over every speaker's voice was so intrusive, distracting and annoying. I love music and that is part of why this production was so disappointing for me. A documentary isn't opera. The music backing the spoken sections adds nothing. The producer must think that hearing people talk is boring. But just letting people speak, unimpeded by a movie soundtrack, is far more impactful and engaging.
Felt the blast wave in Alaska shook the house
Great works and investigations. More planning and emergency strategies are needed to help Tonga. NZ , AUS and Japan when another quake or volcano like just happened in Java.
This is an amazing video 😮
This would be why Australia has been having an extremely wet winter, here it is nearly December and no warm weather