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We all know Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, right? Natural selection? But what about his lesser-know theory of evolution: sexual selection. Let’s talk about how animals like peacocks, whose eye-catching physical traits make them evolutionarily stronger even though their flashy looks make them more vulnerable to predators. Hint: it’s all about the chemistry.
References: sites.google.com/view/sexual-...
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Can peacocks use their tales as lizard frills or to catch air or gecko tales
And get your privacy data getting stolen faster. Sorry to roast your sponsor, you probably will delete this, but Opera is sending a lot of data home.
1 sided selection doesn't make sense with 99.9% of mitochondrial DNA and 50% of DNA and conditions in womb or egg.
Unless sp has more value perhaps epi genetics or mechanical energy in tale
Yeah causally spreading chinese spyware for promotion
1 sided selection only works if so has more value.
It doesn't make sense with 99.9% of mitochondrial DNA and 50% DNA and Conditions in the womb. .
I fully expected a peacock to answer a question at some point
She did, didn't she? "YAAAAW!"
Don't mind the accent, though. Peacocks aren't exactly originally from around here.
4:12 did
Aww his tail's not small.. it's definitely above average 😅
Yeah way bigger than mine, I'm screwed
Its not small it has a great personality
It's not the size of the tail, is how well you show it off (use it)
8:15 That Peacock understood the assignment.
Cheetah: "I'm speed."
Snake: "I have deadly venom."
Chameleon: "I can camouflage."
Peacock: " *UUUUOOOOOOOOHHHHHH SEEEEEEGGSSSS* 😭😭😭"
Well... The thing with chameleon is that they change colour not to blend in, but to show mood. Many male chameleons show vibrant colours when agitated, either to attract female or to ward off rivals
😭BADASS PEACOCK
_Cute and Funny Peacock_ 😭😭😭
I HAVE BECOME SEEEEGGGGSSS!!!!
@@SumitRana-life314 the destroyer of hussies...
Peacock tails are not just for show. The eye spots confuse predators and the rubbing of the feathers makes a sound similar to a snake, or many snakes if you look at all the eyes. He will continue to face the predator making himself look bigger and louder until it gets far too close. If it's small, he will attack with his spurs to maim or kill. If it's too large he runs and flies up with his long tail confusing the would-be attacker. This diversion allows the hens and chicks to flee, with only the fittest surviving.
Some kind of Aposematism, right? I have never thought about this aspect when it comes to Peacocks, but makes sense together with Sexual Selection
True protectors.
Ya, humans often think of animal evolution from their perspective instead of much less intelligent animals which are the intended target. For example, to us tigers make no sense with bright orange fur which stands out like a sore thumb. But to their prey their color actually looks green and blends in with the environment. Tricks which don’t work on us might work really well on a very dumb animal.
That was my first thought watching the video 😅
They don't do that. When predators are around they stop strutting and just use an alarm call to warn each other. Depending on the type of predator they'll either fly up out of reach or the whole flock, especially females, will mob the predator. They don't strut at predators as a defense. They don't even have their train anymore once they hens have chicks as they molt the entire train as soon as mating season is over. I have seen them strut at would-be predators during mating season and then try to breed said would-be predator, but that isn't defense, it's sex hormones making them grab anything that gets close enough and trying to breed it. The fan rattle does sound like a rattle snake, but they don't have rattle snakes where peafowl evolved and it's purely a part of the sexual display. It's a cool theory that they could use it that way, but in reality they don't do that and have a completely different flock defense strategy.
I was watching three peacocks the other day. The large male was doing his display for a female and the younger, smaller, male was actually mating with the female. Beautiful birds, but they haven't read Darwin. The large male (Kimo) that hangs out in my front yard has a younger male protegee that is often with him. They need to learn to use their tails, and males are often practicing with other males. Kimo was a small male last summer and hung out with a female and her chick. Young males do protect the young and lead them to food. Or at least they do in my neighborhood.
So I guess smaller males offer helping with the offspring since they can’t win off looks, very interesting!
I haven’t heard about it in peacocks, but many species have what are called “sneaker males”, which are smaller males that have reduced secondary sexual characteristics, or even female secondary sexual characteristics, that (depending on the species) are either tolerated by the larger male, or manage to disguise themselves as a female. In many birds it’s often a younger male, but their are species that basically have multiple “versions” of males. It’s thought that the females tolerate this because mating with multiple, genetically distinct males allows them to “hedge their bets”, as it were.
For some examples of how crazy these systems can be, I would recommend looking up Common Side-Blotched Lizards and Ruffs.
@@stupendemysgeographicus5009 I’ve heard about this behavior in cuttlefish!
there's a male fish that "pretends" to be a female to gain acess to the dominant male's harem and mate with the females inside.
Bro why did you change the channel name for "Its okay to be smart" to "Be smart"
They did it during covid because the rampant misinformation about science. Instead of an affirmation like "it's ok to be smart" they changed it to a command "be smart"
Its an order now
Probably the same reason why companies simplified all their logos.
Just modern optimization things.
It's a reactiom on how people fall for stupide ideas like flat earth, anti vaxers, etc. Sabine Hosselfalde (sic) has a video on how this shouls worry us as it means more people are science illiterate.
i like the old name better
8:20 That peacock knew perfectly what he was doing, great take.
he tried to rizz us up 😭😭
8:12
Imagine you are busy impressing your girl in a date and some random alien comes and start shooting a documentary on it and shouting "5 star rating"
Peacocks (peafowl, really) are native to areas with dense forests. Even where I live in the Mid Atlantic US, where the vegetation isn't jungle green, my peafowl can be VERY difficult to spot when they hide in the undergrowth. Yes, even the males. Their feathers aren't pigmented with bright colors, so in shade they can hide quite effectively. They can also fly quite well, they just prefer to run.
Still, the huge ornaments make a significant slowdown when you run etc. The cost is unnecessary without sexual selection.
@@smurfyday most animals dont have the same level spectrum as humans thats why many see tigers look green instead of orange maybe thats one way to camoflauge too
They really don't slow them down. The hens are far more likely to be predated when protecting eggs and chicks. The males and females run at the same speed. I have YEARS of watching my birds. The train feathers, collectively, weigh @ 300 grams, and the adult male birds weigh @ 4-6 kilos. Their feathers really do not weigh them down.
In India they are present throughout the length and breadth of the country from semi-arid almost desert regions to rainforests except the Thar desert and the snowy Himalayas.
They can even be found in towns and cities where there are secluded, natural areas or big parks.
i live in delhi near a forest, they are native to here, culturally its said that peacocks dance in rain , i.e they open their feathers only in rain rest of the time they keep it collected, also they are very cautious when in wild, they will run away even if you are more then 50ms away, also their main predators are dog like animals whom when they see they just fly away, there are 100s of peacocks in my neighbourhood, in 6yrs living here i only know 1 instance where dogs were able to hunt the bird, humans are more dangerous then their predators. also only time they can be hunted is before monsoon when vegetation is less, other time they can be in plain sight you wont be able to see them.
I think this means that size DOES in fact matter.
Not at all, using that logic nobody would have a short one.
it always did
@@geraldserraLess successful doesn’t mean not successful. It comes to down to likelihood and prevalence.
That would only be true if we saw a heavy skew towards men having larger organs + if women didn't also pick for more than just penis size so, no size isn't everything.
@@geraldserraShort is relative. Evolution is a random chance. There will always be specimens outside the norm.
Once there is a preference for bigger tails, this explains how it get's amplified and propagated in a feedback loop, but it doesn't explain how a preference for bigger tails over ones optimized for survival begins in the first place.
That's quite common when it comes to theoretical models. Most of them are focused on explaining _how_ things work--which is often enough already quite hard. The _why_ remains mysterious and might more often than not come down to pure chance. Maybe there has been several not-yet-peacock population with mutually distinct innate preferences, but all the others died out for probably unrelated reasons.
Just like any other evolutionary trait- random chance.
If it were always the just most optimal features that made it down there there'd be only one species of homogenous beings. The fact is that those with a preference weren't enough of a detriment to the survival that it stuck around long enough to reproduce.
One reason is probably that their trains aren't nearly as much of a disadvantage as people think. First, the feathers will pull out if yanked, so if a predator goes for them (likely, since they are such a large part of the silhouette of the animal) they can get away. Second, since their feathers aren't brightly pigmented, but iridescent, in shade they don't stand out as much. They are actually quite hard to spot in undergrowth. Third, they can fly pretty well, even though in my experience they prefer to run. They are also large enough that their only ancestral natural predator was the Indian tiger, so they don't typically worry that much about predation. The mommas are _extremely_ fierce in protecting the vulnerable eggs and chicks. Thus momma peahens are actually more likely to be predated than fully grown males.
I have five, three boys and two girls, and I have had them for years, since they were chicks.
Oh, and fun fact? They drop all of their train feathers in mid to late summer yearly and then regrow an even more impressive set through the winter to be ready for the next spring. Mine are in _fine_ form at the moment, and when they are finished with this year's displays, I can just gather up all of the feathers. It's definitely a nice perk.
They don’t just grow flashy ornamental features to seduce the others with it. They often use it to show off how healthy and strong they are, because only the strongest peacock can survive with that impractical long tail feathers.
That’s why also some humans spend lot of money on very stupid things. It signals that they are so rich, they can spend on stupid things and they are still rich.
I hate to be that person but...the fancy eye feathers aren't their tails. Their tail is underneath the fancy feathers. They are technically modified saddle feathers and we call it a train. They also molt that whole thing after breeding season and then have to regrow it for the following breeding season so much of the year the train is gone/much smaller and less burdensome so it doesn't interfere with survival as much when they aren't in breeding season.
Joe, really love this channel
Following this channel 5 years and this channel has never let me down.
Kudos to you.
a humble request, please dont ever abandon your intro song, I just love to vibe on that!!
If anyone found this interesting I highly recommend a book called "The Mating Mind" by Geoffrey Miller. Essentially it explains many facets of culture through the lens of sexual selection.
Instead of feathers to show off, we have poetry, music, art, dance, and humor. All of which flex our brains capacities. Also explains why so many women list "humor" as one of the most attractive traits in men.
And yet when people follow that to its logical conclusion, that the sex that was selected for humor would be funnier and the one that wasn't would be less funny, so many of them have a little freak out session.
That's why some places have great singing voices because it was literally bred for. The best Singer had higher social positions and thus had higher chance to sex someone passing along the genes that allowed them to sing. Like the physical make up of a body can determine how well someone can sing.
@@DracoInduperator That doesn't sound like science to me.
@@LimeyLassen Our own culture values great singing voices - that's why famous male rock singers get swarmed with girls.
Where I live men just insist on having the loudest friggin vehicle on the planet. I hate it. I guess maybe women go for that? I don't know why men insist on being as obnoxious as can be.
Peacocks are so beautiful.
Depends from the angle you see it. From an evolutionary perspective, at first glance, the males are the opposite of beautiful. You have to think what beauty means in the natural world. Beauty represents health , fitness , reproductive capability, and, ultimately surviving for long enough to reproduce. Sexual dimorphism is so extreme here that the entire species is dancing with death itself.
Editing is on point.
Humans adopted our own uniquely human method of showing off to impress, flatter and flirt; fashion. Our clothes are an expression of how we want to be seen by others, and often times we choose clothing that is geared more to be aesthetically pleasing rather than comfortable or practical. High heels for example.
This is one of my favorite channels involving peacock interviews
Train feathers, not tail feathers. Peacock tail feathers are black or brown, around 40-60 cm long, and when they display, the tail feathers help support the train feathers. The train feathers are very fancy lower back feathers.
5:01 peacock: no comment
5:04 peacock: Sir! I said no comment!
6:21: peacock: Sir, will you sto... Are you recording me?
if sex is so important, why I can't do it?
environmental factors
You must grow up, first 🤣
De VU2RZA
Uhhh, git gud?✌️
gay
Found the smaller tailed male😂
5:04 When I saw the caption and found " this" after his question I thought that it was the peacock's answer.
0:34 YOUNG MEN there's no need to feel down
I saaaid, YOUNG MAN! Pick yourself off the ground!
@@gladitsnotme I saaaid, YOUNG MAN! Cuz you're in a new town!
@@garfieldh.8820 There's no need to be unhappy...
Young man, there’s a place you can go,
Young man, when you’re short on your dough you can stay there
Thank you!
8:15 - peacock was just like : you recording bruh? You need backgroud... Here..... Better?
Nice video 👍
Splendiforous. That’s a word I’m going to try and use in every conversation now
Did not expect such salaciousness on YT.
Marion Petrie was one of the first researchers who worked on demale chiice in peacocks and peahens
Amazing example, easy and interesting to watch!
on 6:37 subtitles say "national selection" instead of "natural"
You gotta love Joe’s sense of humor! He can be such a class clown in his videos! lol 🤡 😂
Bro, great video! You could make a video explaining Nikola Tesla's theory: the number 369
the sounds used are hillarious
loved the hard-hitting interviews!
😻😻😻😻😻 5/5
😹😹😹😹😹 5/5
So that’s why I don’t get any Tinder matches
You need more feathers!
😂😂
Human women value height and wealth, among others. Make yourself look tall and rich.
@@freesk8 Only if you want to attract gold diggers.
This video is a gold mine for the "blackpill" and "incel" communities 🤣
Peacocks are pretty because peaHENs have great taste. They are the ones who choose. As a peafowl parent (we have five, three male and two female) it is quite clear that their interactions are subtle and complex. They are adorable dinosaur puppies.
That last scene... when did Joe get so swole? I ignored the peacock mating display to check out the human one! 😎
Im tripping out, i was literally questioning this while high the other day. 😅
Clicked it instantly splendiferuos video
Austin's peacock park! 🥰
but where does the innate preference come from? Is it just completely random?
No one knows! It's very possible that the initial preference is very small and could be random, but once it's there then the Fisherian Runaway feedback loop takes over
I think it's originally random or for a symbol of health, but it gets reinforced if it's common enough in the population, because having kids with less attractive mates means a lower chance of their sons (or daughters in species where the males are choosers) to have there own offspring and pass on their parents genes.
Look up the handicap hypothesis. Males with big tails put themselves at a disadvantage (a "handicap") from the point of view of predation and resource allocation. However, this disadvantage is smaller in magnitude for males in good health (who therefore likely have "good genes"). Therefore, a male with a big tail who is still alive has "proven" that he has good genes, hence the preference from females.
Another explanation is that growing such a 'complex' pattern on the tail is 'difficult', in that if something doesn't go quite right during development (again, potentially due to genetic problems), the pattern won't look as expected. It might also be an easy way for females to spot an injury.
@@besmart If it is random, then I wonder if there are species with a common ancestor that diverged from another purely due to two distinct but (at some point) equally prevalent sets of innate preferences.
@@williamlowry8809 True, but still just a hypothesis, because it doesn't explain how the preference for handicapped males develops over males with good genes and no handicaps. It seems like the system would have to develop in situations with relatively low survival pressures, i.e. top males and sub-par males all frequently survive, so something is needed to differentiate the two. For all I know, this might be the situation when such preferences develop.
I've always found real life peacocks really weird looking with how thin and scraggly their tail feathers look between the eyespots
I love how the peacock at the end of the video was trying his best to scare you away but unfortunately for him this strategy doesn't work with humans xD
What if the large feathers with eye-like patterns confuse predators into thinking the bird is larger than it actually is, and help it survive?
Lol “Chuck D” 1:08
Blast! Now I have to subscribe, because I know I’m going to forget that the name of the channel changed. I’ve been getting away with not subscribing for years 💀💀
Curses 🗿
I was not expecting to see Priyanka Chopra and Nick Jonas's faces pop up in this video. 😂
2:15 "haha these boys look very silly" elephants seals covered in blood: "what did you just say?"
Casually calling Charles Darwin "Chuck D" nearly killed me! 😂
This video has spawned the realest comment section I've ever seen
Bro is like "why would I worry that I'm fabulous, jealous much?"
4:59 and that is my favourite biologist.. Maybe I should weight my life choices... :DD
1:29 I won’t accept that meese have a possibility of dying like this!
I just watched a psychology video today about attractiveness in relationships, and their literature review tends to show that, although instinctive and cultural preferences play an important role in the first minutes, studies about people in long term relationships (those that traditionally lead to an offspring in our societies) show that these initial reflexes play an almost negligible role in a couple's attractiveness to each other.
I missed u :))
AWesome
That peacock at the end was a real g 🦚
Zahavi is like: Am I a joke to you?
YEEEES I WAS LOOKING FOR THIS COMMENT
Thanks for the Austin Powers soundbite.
Good thing you live in Austin.
Interestingly, was a peacock loose in the woods in NNW PA for a few years, tho gone/dead now. Definitely a weird thing to hear around here!
Localised Attraction towards adaption to habitat...
why i m obsessed with this word
It's a bit more complex. The peacocks that manage to pass their genes to the next generation are those who survive in spite of the handicap of the long and colourful tail - and that links their attractiveness to their being more fit. Look up "the handicap principle"
EXACTLY ZAHAVI LETS GOO
I always thought the large peacock tail had two uses; attracting mates and faking predators into thinking they’re much bigger. Is that not really the case?
I was thinking about exactly this 2 days ago, smartphones must be literally reading our minds and it's fucked up.
Why there is a PBS sign in the upper left side of the screen?😮
i have a question for a video mabye, is evolution speeding up by the population increasing? Because there are more people with different genes or is it slowing down cause there are no natural selection?
Great
I got stuck on "Chuck D" 😅
Jokes aside, I always did wonder about traits like this...
8:10 peafowl calling out.
I love how you can use this topic as a jumping off point to talk about one of my favorite things in biology...sexual dimorphism!
It also seems likely that being able to put on elaborate displays might have been beneficial to scaring off smaller, more common, predators
Is there a channel like PBS but in french?
05:42 Nick Jonas and the cradle snatcher😊👌🏼😁
All the other animals, "let's become masterful killers."
Peacock, "Are you feeling it now, Mr. Krabs?".
nice vdo sir, but the place ,if I am not mistaken u said larger fethers of male peacocks can become dangerous for them by predators, I found it contradicting to my previous existing knowledge , that which I heard earlier is that these birds also show them bigger to scare the foe away, than why u said its their disadvantage? if possible pls provide me with an example insight
I agree, this is i think most people general knowledge, that big tail with eyes scare predator.. like butterfly or snake. And was not even considered in video…
My university has a lot of peacocks and you can literally spot them everywhere
MVP Moment: 8:20
Most Viral Peacock! :D
I do not know why , but whenever I look at this themes that are even tangentialy related to sexual relationships I just get depressed , like I do not even mind that I am a friendless virgin untill this comes up , I am not even trying to get a girlfriend and when I opened up to one and she said she was interested in girls , i did not even bothered by it , but when i get back to the scene of the relations between the two genders both in nature and on society I just get depressed , even tho I am not really desperate for a mach or really whanting one , I sudently start to care a lot .It is wierd.
Peacock: I showed you my tail feathers pls respond
could it be that those beauty traits are related to hormonal and general functionality ? the healthier you are the better and the longer you dance (just to make an example) or like some fish that get colorful thanks to hormones, so more hormones = more colors but also more sperm ?
Excuse me miss, does size matter? Peahen: YES
Hi Joe/PBS. Been watching your videos for several years now. Why the change to more visual and sound effects? Some of them are pretty annoying to be honest... 😢
Was this filmed at Mayfield Park?
It was!
Peacocks be like , i might get eaten but I won't die virgin
I really enjoyed this outside video!!! I would like to see more please. They say it is hard to work with animals & kids... LOL seemed like you were having fun.
WOW!
"I can change him" ahh breeding strategy
Joe running around asking birds if they're size queens
5 seconds in and aint no way they are sponsored by opera
Nive
i kept making bad jokes to myself the entire video T.T
Where does this preference originate
fun video
side note, the long hair i looking good dude