Origins of the Hyksos | DNA | Ancient Egypt
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 22 มิ.ย. 2024
- Popular lore suggests the Hyksos, a mysterious group of foreign invaders, conquered the Nile Delta around 1638 B.C. and remained in power until 1530 B.C. But written records of the dynasty are scarce, and modern archaeologists have found few material signs of the ancient military campaign.
Now, new research lends weight to an alternative theory on the Hyksos’ origins.
A foreign dynasty, known as the Hyksos, ruled parts of Egypt between c. 1638-1530 BCE.
Their origins are thought to be rooted in the Near East, which is supported by architectural features and grave accoutrements of Tell el-Dabca. In this former Hyksos capital in the Eastern Nile Delta, burial culture is characterized by a blend of Egyptian and Near Eastern elements.
However, investigations are still ongoing as to where the Hyksos came from and how they rose to power. The aim of this study is to elucidate the question of possible provenience.
We present the results of strontium isotope (87Sr/86Sr) ratios of human tooth enamel (n = 75) from Tell el-Dabca, focusing on comparing pre- and during Hyksos rule and sex-based differences.
An influx of non-locals can be observed in the pre-Hyksos period (12th and 13th Dynasties, c. 1991-1649 BCE) during the constitution of this important harbor town, while the number of individuals already born in the Delta is larger during the Hyksos period.
This is consistent with the supposition that, while the ruling class had Near Eastern origins, the Hyksos’ rise to power was not the result of an invasion, as popularly theorized, but an internal dominance and takeover of foreign elite. There is a preponderance of non-local females suggesting patrilocal residence.
We discuss our findings against the current evidence of material culture and historiography, but more investigation in Near Eastern comparative sites has to be conducted to narrow our future search for the actual origins of the Hyksos.
Original Articles:
Who were the Hyksos? Challenging traditional narratives using strontium isotope (87Sr/86Sr) analysis of human remains from ancient Egypt.
journals.plos.org/plosone/art...
New Research Reveals Surprising Origins of Egypt’s Hyksos Dynasty.
www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-...
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whats up w the huge 10,000bc prehistoric nubian battleground graveyards referenced in the start of this video? pretty good video
th-cam.com/video/WXUiVLBifpk/w-d-xo.html
Every peoples that enter the steps seems to grow, multiple and become smarter and stronger. One at a time the tribes migrate on to power. It seems like first summarians, greek then maybe indus . Them hettites later Mongols and turks. Hyksos is a mixed multitude just like the Bible says.
whos
/he wonders &
(in my case... i take from All
& use many)
so Sorry about that.
salf London hill peoples
@@cryptolicious3738 - Maybe, just maybe, they're a REAL World thing? Yeah, I think
that might just have something to do with it. But you're right in one respect,
10,000 BC sounds just a little early, even when discussing ancient Egypt.
Hick Sauce is my ethnic group
Damn, i was hoping in a new dressing for my spagetti.
Southern Indiana same
In the u.s. we just call it "barbeque sauce"
🤣
I am of the A1 sauce ethnic group.
Subtitles say "hick sauce" love it!
They say hick sauce tastes better on BBQ ribs than most hick dry-rub spices
That’s a keeper. Hilarious!
Nice
Probably how Egyptian upper class saw them.
I can't believe I have to say this.
"I got some Hick Sauce for you".
GreatSkyTroll AntiDrama
All these academic docs begin, "Those dudes in the past were very unenlightened, but I'm gonna tell you the real deal, trust me". In 25 years the next wave of docs will say "Those dudes in the past..."
People falsely claim they were Phoenicians, Minoans, even Celts. I believe Manetho and Josephus though. All the evidence points to them being Levantine or at least having come through the Levant into Egypt. The Hebrew names from the area are also identical to Hiksos royalty. 99% percent of the time tracing languages gives us the key.
Phoenicians are from the Levant aren't they?
The implication of this is that the Egyptians, burning with embarrassment after the Israelite God nuked their sorry society, rewrote their own records to portray Hebrews as invaders.
Its a mixed multitude . We just can't properly call someone something before they officially arise. Until the exodus there pirates the Hebrew form are just as biblical constant says. Alphabetical exodus is always right around these mixed multitudes
No different than how I witnessed a new tribe publicly form as a child that we now call Palestinian. Its a mixed multitude that hasn't even formed its own unique dna that can be pointed at. It can generalized at best borrowing all neighbors
They were most definitely Phoenicians or southern Canaanites. It's obvious.
The foreign Hyksos Dynasty has always fascinated me! Well done.
Your reading has gotten better and better
Anyone who says the Egyptians never records of their defeats have clearly never heard of the Hyksos.
Yeh but it could just be propaganda
Fascinating information. Thank you for another great video. With DW Draffin narrating I always know it's gonna be good!
I thought the narration was computerised. Oh dear.
@@helenamcginty4920 What? Really? Lol. Ok.
@@helenamcginty4920 Sounds like a robot to me.
You make a strong argument. Well done.
great video!
Uhhh... strontium analysis is not the same as DNA.
The difference between buffs and professionals.
The Knave
Exactly! This was such a sloppy, pretentious video with a totally dishonest title!
Yeah click bait. I only watched this because it said DNA and I find DNA evidence in archeology to be the most useful evidence. Strontium study is subject to too much interpretation to be of significant value. Also he says there is little evidence on the Hyksos but them goes on for 10 minutes speculating as to who they were.
You have what you think is the capital, then you have written records and unlike the Egyptian records that are biased and propaganda /censored then you have useful data- what did they call themselves, what do they say is their history.
Also note by definition and Empire is a multi ethnic government. If the Hyksos were not invaders then they may have migrated in or were there for a long time. maybe this was not a capitol but a trade port for trade caravans along the way from Sumer.
Interesting vid. Theory of foreigners already living in Egypt rising to rule makes sense to me. Also interesting that Egyptian women rarely married foreign men but that it was ok for Egyptians men to marry foreign women such as the Hyksos. Very interesting indeed
A lot of leftover Egyptian women on their hands!
This ideal is still seen in Islam. Men can marry non-muslim women. But women can't marry a non-muslim man.
@@a.y.greyson9264 there also a foreign muslim men but still egyptian woman marriage foreign not accepted
@@a.y.greyson9264 islam never allowed men to married non muslim, where the hell you read that, liar?
There is no foreign rule in Egypt until the Hyksos came in , Hyksos literally means Foreign rule
Interesting, thtat goes much farther in detail as in the Seventies and Eighties when I was haevily studying this topic.
Valuable, elder studies usually described the Hyksos as " THE LAST WAVE OF THE so called SEA POPLE " as I had known so far. So I see your article as a valuable improvement of my knowledge.
Hyksos preceded the SEA PEOPLES🤔
@@josephphoenix1376 ... by some three centuries or so.
Fascinating! Thank you sir! ☺
Excellent articulation analysis
So Hyksos rule did not result in a multicultural society, but instead a multicultural society resulted in Hyksos rule?
I was thinking something like that, basically an ethnic minority became an ethnic majority and resulted in a cultural take-over of the region.
All Egyptian periods were multicultural.
@@xyAKMxy Nope. No signs of a "cultural takeover." Egypt was always multicultural just like the US. Diversity is always only a strength, not a weakness.
@@Ken_Scaletta I didn't mean it in the sense of "one ethnicity came to rule and the other ethnicity was segregated", that's not what I meant. I simply meant that, as the balance of power changed in the region, the "new" leaders decided to secede, knowing that the majority of the population would be in support of such an action.
I know it sounded otherwise but I wasn't trying to bring up ethno-racial arguments to the table when I said that there was a cultural takeover, I was just trying to understand what led to this secession and why it was the hyksos. The whoke story implies that there was either an invasion or, as the video suggest, a regular influx of migrations which ended up into a slow cultural shift of the region (and a shift in loyalties).
@@Ken_Scaletta I do not believe that you see the difference between real multiculturalism and a multi-ethnic society. Old kingdom Egypt may have consisted of more than one ethnic group, as it was an empire of sorts and subjugated some of its neighbors, but it can hardly be considered multicultural until we near the end of the bronze age. Would you say that Rome was always multicultural because of some captured Greeks or Phoenicians? Would you call the British empire multicultural due to its subjugation of India? Your statement is shallow.
Well done, this really say alot about Egypt as well, it appears the ancient ppl might of looked different than the Hyksos. Which means the physical look of Egypt might of changed as well. Good unbiased information.
Just a bit of grammar I think you meant ....ancient ppl might've.... rather than ...might of.... and ...Egypt might've... This is a common mistake these days as the way we speak is sloppy and 'might've' as the contraction of 'might have' often sounds like ' might of'. I have seen this error in an otherwise interesting video about bronze age pottery by a London University student. It does not seem to be corrected by English teachers these days.
@@helenamcginty4920 No one cares
@@helenamcginty4920 if you said 'might have' and 'might of' quickly, would they sound different?
@@ManMan-ko7ll I care, and I was going to say the same thing. Grammar matters.
Facts the Hebrews rule until expelled by the native African Egypt Ahmoses which is the exodus event
I do enjoy these,
What I have always wondered about this is just what happened to the Hyksos after they were overthrown? If 'native' to Egypt, were they then subjected to cultural eradication? If invaders, where did they go and what became of them?
They probably assimilated into the population.
They were amorites from the east and they went back to there homeland known today as israel
The elites fled back to K'nan and some of the plebs stayed in Egypt, albeit with a lower social standing. They always flee back home after they ruin their host nation.
@@JENKEM1000 Who are "they"?
I think a lot of them stayed behind given the genetic testing of 151 mummified ancient Egyptian individuals from Abusir el-Meleq who lived between 1388 BCE-426 CE all had genetic afinities with bronze age Near East populations.
There is a fundamental flaw in the conclusion of this study. This study aims to dispute Manetho's claim that the Hyksos forcefully invaded Egypt based upon 1) the presence of Asiatic peoples in the city before Hyksos rule and on 2) the absence of evidence for fighting and destruction at the city of Avaris.
Just because there is no archeological evidence of fighting and destruction at the city of Avaris does not mean that there is not evidence of fighting and destruction at other cities in Egypt.
In fact, it is logical to assume that due to a large portion of the population of Avaris already being ethnically aligned with the invading Hyksos forces, that they could have also been politically aligned with them as well. It is possible that during this time of political unrest in the country, the inhabitants of Avaris opened their doors to their Western Asiatic kinsmen, and allowed them to set up their base/hub in their city peacefully. Other cities further south, however, may have been forcefully overtaken and subjugated by the Hyksos.
Also of note, according to Manetho, there was a large number of native Egyptians living amongst the Hyksos during their rule, and these natives formed the bureaucratic arm of society, while the army was made up of Asiatics. This does not mean that other native Egyptians in the kingdom were on board with Hyksos domination of their country, and many of them did resist the invasion. 100 years after the Hyksos invasion, Seqenenre Tao, who was possibly Nubian in origin, initiated a resistance campaign against the Hyksos to unite Egypt, which was completed by his son Yahmose.
The fifth-column like behavior of the mixed multitude of inhabitants of Avaris may have angered the southern Egyptians so much, that when the regained control over the whole country, they expelled the entire population of the city, as alluded to in the video. It is possible that this mixed Asiatic and African population ended up in the area of the Levant.
Links:
www.jstor.org/stable/3140543?seq=4#metadata_info_tab_contents
www.science.org/content/article/invasion-ancient-egypt-may-have-actually-been-immigrant-uprising
The term "Hyksos" is derived, via the Greek Ὑκσώς (Hyksôs), from the Egyptian expression 𓋾𓈎𓈉 (ḥḳꜣ-ḫꜣswt or ḥḳꜣw-ḫꜣswt, "hekau khasut"), meaning "rulers [of] foreign lands".
Rami Bakkar - Cool Greek (with aspirates), hieroglyphics, and Egyptian-Latin transliteration! - naive question from a digital ‘Luddite’: how do you get these?
Means kings of Bedouins or nomads
Wrong. Hekau means magic and Khasut means people after the Egyptian ruler Khashta
Ahati Maat - No. Rami Bakker is correct.
@@dorianphilotheates3769 The Hekau-khas were priestly rulers (judges) of the kushites (Egyptian Kushite kings). This was a theocracy government and worshipers of the original deity Set, as the first son of the great mother, which was ancient genetrix.
gyazo.com/2f9cea7314378491bda2e630ab5a5d09
- This title describes Set as the Great One (Ur, Wr) of Divine Words, Incantations, Ritual Speech or Prayer (Hekau).
In the ceremony called the "opening of the mouth" in Egypt, the tool called Ur-Hekau is used in order to open the mouth of the deceased so that he/she may be able to communicate with the Neteru.
Therefore, the hieroglyph 'Kha-Set' represented the desert lands (Amenta) of the God SET such as those in west Africa (Mauritania-Libya, respectfully Phunanit [Punt] and Thehnu) to South-East Africa (Sudan, Ethiopia Somalia)
gyazo.com/6c92ef2ac033fd3814a5835b6a2bae6d - Another name for Nubia (Kush) was 'Ta-Seti' meaning "Land of Bow" and 'khasti-t' = gyazo.com/fd6a84f412bea3e8462e6db7d46bca2c
Research Center concurring that the name Heka Khaset is referred to Nubians in the oldest term. And they were descendants from the the kushite who ruled pre-dynastic. In fact, the kushites are the same people who ruled Punt (horn of africa), Nubia (sudan) and Kamet (Egypt) and early Mesopotamian empires. With that said, the Hyksos are a people from the same ancient Egyptian stock, and the famous invasion was simply a religious restoration of the pre-dynastic ways that existed prior. Thus, the god Set (Sut, Sutekh) then became worshiped as the chief deity once again like in the Predynastic Period. They were Hyksos (Priestly Kings of Set) within and outside of Egypt.
Unfortunately the Heka Khaset was not driven out of Egypt but usurped due to ignorance of the dynastic Egyptian. History is a witness to the declined of nations and customs as the dynastic Egyptian viewed the Pre-dynastic Egyptians as evil; Later the Hebrew (another sect from the ancient kushite/egyptian) viewed Dynastic Egypt as Evil, Christians viewed the Hebrew as evil, Muslims viewed Christian as Evil and now the religious world view the ancient ways as evil. All a domino effect in history.
That was every bit as exciting as I always figured it would be to listen to someone read an academic paper. Maybe next time you can up your game by reading the footnotes too. They are always a hoot.
Ahhhhhhh.
A study not driven by the agenda.
Very well done, thank you.
Dudes... C'mon, Isotope profilling has literally nothing to do with DNA... You are seriously dropping the ball with this DNA thing.
Concordo... Mas entendo o contexto pra botar no título... Mas podiam mudar
yea his theory is not well grounded. The reason there were mostly women is because they migrated from war stricken places and the men were dead. the original hyksos were asians from the far east, the second group are the israelites.
I remember reading of a Greek man who was turned into a donkey.
At some time in the story, he was passed by a group of over 300
who were accompanying a princess to Egypt to be married to the king.
With such a flood of foreigners coming to stay, it is not hard to
imagine a grave yard of foreign women from outside Egypt.
If you ever remember what man it was or what princess, let me know, I want to read that story.
I am extremely interested in that period of history.
I've been doing some research to find which Pharaohs were Greek.
It could be the Hyksos due to the dating, but it could have been earlier than 1700-1550 BC.
@@malakaspawt3190 I am sorry.
That book was something I picked up in the 1960's, and it was old then.
The Greek rulers followed Alexander the Great into Egypt.
They were called the Ptolemies after Gen. Ptolemy.
Cleopatra was of that line.
@@arailway8809 No problem, I understand! I am really fascinated by history, so I wanted to know more about it. Oh, so it happened during Alexander the Great's time? I thought it was older, because of the donkey part.
@@malakaspawt3190 I need to clarify this.
The story of the Greek that became a donkey
had little context. Being a Greek did not mean
he was in Greece or Egypt. But he crossed paths
with that group going to Egypt. I would assume
that large a group was coming from the east.
There were few states west of Egypt that could
have supported such a large group.
Good hunting,
@@arailway8809 Got it!
I think, and I could be wrong ... is that those who became the Hyksos, were on Ziusudra's (Enki's son), Noah's Ark...if you read The Kolbrin, it details who, were on the Ark, and what they knew how to build ... what trade they had, like building "Chariots?" The Hyksos brought Horses and Donkey's into Egypt.
I would say this fits the biblical narrative of the vizier, Joseph, son of Jacob bringing his family in from the east because of the great drought. They were "Semites", descendants of Shem, and also called "Hebrews" because they were descended from Shem's son, "Eber." They were farmers and shepherds. Joseph, of course, was awarded his high status because he was able to interpret the Pharaoh's dream and save Egypt from a terrible drought of 7 years (which has been determined to be true by examining the archaeology). Joseph was sold into slavery to the caravans passing through the area headed to Egypt. So, yes, I agree the area was a heavy trading center where peoples from all over the world came to buy and sell. Joseph was unjustly imprisoned for 17 years, but his gift of interpreting dreams freed him from prison, and thus was able to save his family as well from starvation from the drought.
The time period is interesting. Genesis states the children of Israel lived in Egypt approximately 400 years up until the Exodus circa 1560 BCE. What great even also happened during that time? The eruption of Mt. Thera which is what's left of the Island of Santorini, today. Thera erupted and changed the landscape and movement of peoples every where in the Mediterranean region. As you noted, the area was suddenly abandoned around 1550 BCE. That aligns nicely with their "exodus" out of Egypt back into their mother land. Many other scholars agree that the Hyksos were the Hebrews. I never did agree with the narrative that the Hyksos violently invaded Egypt. They were invited in.
Bible we’re literally fiction writing lol 😂
You are very right about this, Even in Quran God stated that 1. Pharaoh is a literal name not a title, 2. pharaoh's people were not Egyptians, God made distinction between Egyptians and Pharaoh's people (hyksos) in many verses.. 3. at the time of Joseph Quran States the ruler of Egypt at that time as king but in Moses's story Quran states the ruler as pharaoh. 4. Egyptians never ever in the historical records called them selfs as pharaohs..
@Pheenix90 the Quran is not a good reference, it was writing down very very later
@@dulcemoutinho5820 So is Torah and the bible? the new testament is written in 392.
But the Qur’an is really accurate. The Egyptian pharaoh was not described as a king except during the period of Joseph Ibn Jacob.. I think that the ruling dynasty at the time was not Egyptian, and after that they were expelled and the Egyptians returned to using the term “Pharaoh” and we see the story of Moses with this pharaoh.
These fine details are interesting, and we should take the Qur'an as a good reference for researching more about the history of Egypt.
Sir, have you ever compared Book of Genesis and Sumerian List of Kings?
One Polish student proposed this theory after his findings.
It looks like first 10 Biblical patriarchs are equal to 10 pre-flood "kings of Sumer", with 7th (Enoch) and 10th (Noah) being the same character for sure in every known version of the story.
Also "kings of Sumer" after the flood match the list of patriarchs between Noah and Abraham.
Everything in the Bible should not be understood as literal... They have different,deeper meaning and wisdom if we go through the symbolism of the biblical stories...of course there are historical touch to it but they are mostly myths and legends...
A lot of biblical stories are re telling of more ancient stories. The story of the flood is obe such.
Incidentally a few years ago we saw pictures of huge floods in an area of Pakistan. There was water from horizon to horizon. If it had not been for modern technology which could show that these floods, huge and devastating as they were did nit cover the whole world but they did cover the whole world of the poor people living there. So the ancient stories of the whole world being flooded were true for the people who endured occasional similar catastrophic floods.
That little kernel of truth in our myths and legends.
@@helenamcginty4920 the story of the flood in the bible mostly likely originates from the sumerians. The Tigris and euphrates rivers have unpredictable patterns of flooding and changing directions. In the epic of gilgamesh, utnapishtim is tasked by the God enki to build a ship to preserve all life from a great flood. It this story could likely be referring to a flooding of the 2 rivers wiping out the "world" of the Mesopotamia. The grain of truth which Noah and other characters are based off of could easily be a resident of a city who loads his live stock on a boat and survives a devastating flood from their city
This makes perfect sense as Abraham is the character who leaves Mesopotamia and travels to the Levant and Egypt. Later biblical figures are sometimes compared to historical Egyptian rulers as well.
@@toddthompson5718 There were c.a. 20 Egyptian pharaohs bearing the name "Moses": Ka-Mose, Dedu-Mose, Ah-Mose, Thut-Mose, Tut-Mosis and most of those names ocured several times.
Kanaän people migrated to nile delta multiple times in the bible. During Joseph (West asiatic descent) migration happend, e.g. his family was allowed by Egyptians to live in the land Ghosen in the Nile delta.
Later his family (or perhaps other immigrated families from west-Asiatic descent) grew so big in numbers that it became problematic by the rulers that they were frightened that these People became dominant in Egypt. Therefore they ordered that all male babies should be thrown into the Nile river (Moses story). This can explain why a large portion of female west-Asiatic descent were there at some point. I'm not trying to pursuade to believe what I say, but apparantly the bible story regarding Egypt fits quite well
Thanks!
Josephus Flavius says that the Hyksos were the Israelites.
He calls the Hyksos ‘our people’.
Manetho (via Josephus)says that Hyksos can also mean Shepherd King.
And since the title is spelled with a shepherd’s crook, he is probably right.
This is why the Israelite patriarchs were called shepherds.
This is why later (after the exodus) Joseph told his people not to mention to pharaoh that they were shepherds (ie: Hyksos), because pharaoh would kick them back out of the country. This had nothing to do with sheep, and everything to do with the Israelites being the Hyksos.
See book: Tempest & Exodus.
R
They were actually canaanites who predated Israelites but its the same location
You are right we know it in India too old name of Israel was Bisrael and Bisa s India are called Bania this word has come from Ban means a ship and tell them selves from isvaku ancestry that is equivalent to Hyksos in Greek or Coptic language on which they call selves as Gupta too and they are not a business class just like Jews
@@akiraasmr3002 may be ugrites
The Battle of ARMAGEDDON will take place on HYKSOS soil Gog and Magog... Palestine :)
Is a person born in Asia Minor, Asian ? LOL i would say so.
Check out Ralph Ellis and Michael Tsarion on the Hyksos. From East to West invasion.
@@mark8625 Will check that out.
Vedic aryans related to mittani and other invaders of the same era. Created the solar cult of Ra (Surya) displacing the native cult of Osiris for primacy. Later transformation as the children of Israel (according to Josephus) presumably after deposition.
Moreover the early hyksos engaged in horse burial custom which is an ancient indo aryan practice. Obviously they mingled with the predominant semitic gene pool of the region but were a dominant caste in both egypt and the levant.
Interesting. I liked your post and this is aligned with my hunches about the story. But would also like to read your sources.
Vedic Aryans are Hindu... Aryan is not a race. Sanskrit word meaning noble.. that's a concoction of European..the British....Germany..etc.egyptians were also Hindu Kush...
@@frankbeharrysingh3980 Aryan is in fact a ethno cultural group that aryans gave themselves and defined others as non Aryan.
The Hyksos are Semitic Arabs
wrong. I bet that you couldn’t produce one shred of evidence to support the bs that you posted here. Ra is a god with origins in the south near the Sudan. You’ve got it all twisted!
There was no aryan influence in Nile valley civilization. Nile valley civilization is the mother classical European civilization.
Are you going to cover the Ipuwer Papyrus describing events very similar to the Ten Plagues?
No, the Hyksos were NOT the Israelites. I thought so myself because Josephus knows what he's talking about 99% of the time, but in this case, Manthon got it wrong and confused him, cuz the meaning in Egyptian was not Shepherd kings, it was rulers from foreign lands, and also he didn't get the timeline back then, and now we know it doesn't fit.
Hyksos were Canaanites, probably the Jebusites, Perizzites and the Sinites dwelling in the Sinai desert that migrated to Egypt. The Pharaoh meeting with Abraham in Genesis was from Hyksos dynasty.
Hmmm interesting theory? 🤔
No your wrong
@@crestanburton8760 No, I am not, I am an expert on the subject, and this is no argument anyway...
I wonder how the eruption of Thera in 1650 bc factors into the story...
I'm sure it was the talk of the town...or what was left of it
Hi
Thru ancient civilizations,it always been counterparts.
Time is speeding up,changing will be inevitable.
We are all connected and we are not alone.
Cordially
Well done! I am of the opinion that Manetho was wrong about a foreign military invasion of Egypt by the Hyksos. Rather, as noted in this video, the Hyksos peacefully emigrated to the Delta. most probably by ship, from the Levantine coastal areas (Coastal Canaan, the Lebanon, and Syria (the Ugarit area and its sea port). The Hyksos temples at Tell el Daba resemble temples in northern Syria. A Hyksos seal shows Baal-Zephon striding over the tops of two mountains, with a ship holding several men. I suspect this seal is recalling the Hyksos' origins: They came by ship from the Levantine coastal area and its mountains in today's Lebanon and Syria. Over time, this by sea, influx into the Delta, allowed these Asiatics to assume control and rule as Pharaohs, aping Egyptian customs. The Theban Pharaohs, fearing the conquest of their slice of Egypt, by a powerful Hyksos Dynasty, engaged in war the Hyksos, driving them from the Delta, back to their homelands, by land, via the way of Horus to Gaza, thence to the Lebanon and Syria.
For 400 years the Hyksos' Asiatic realm was an Egyptian Empire (1530-1130 BC). The Iron Age I settlers of Canaan and Moab were probably the Hyksos' descendants, reclaiming their ancestor's heritage when Egypt withdrew circa 1130 BC from Canaan.
I suspect that Flavius Josephus (ca. 70 AD) was right, the Hyksos Expulsion (ca. 1530 BC) was the Egyptian version of Israel's Exodus.
The Iron Age I sudden appearance of villages in Moab and Canaan, near the Jordan River, is the Hyksos' descendants coming from the Lebanon and Syria, to reclaim their Hyksos ancestors' heritage.
thank you
Could they be related to the proto-hebrews (the habiru people maybe) who moved into Egypt, rose to power there and later were expelled back into Canaan?
Most probably one of the many tribes of Canaan that moved into Egypt. Canaanite DNA is the most prevalent in the samples.
Hyksos were northen Arbians who attacked Egypt in the time of drought and famine.after holy Joseph gave the answer of the dream to the hyksos king.Afer that the family of the prophet settled in Egypt. Hyksos king gave half the kingdom to Israeli people.they also married with each other.hyksos were defeated by the Israeli people. Egyptian cheated Israeli people and captured all of Egypt.then the attack of Mugdo ,cannan.
@@AmeerHaibatNiazi-vz7ij 🤣🤣 who told you this !? And who is ARABIANS COME FROM .. ? STAR WITH THE LANGUAGE AND A HISTORY THANKS 🙏..
@@sarayfernandez-sf3kv histroy told me that.
@@sarayfernandez-sf3kv forget the English,I have read more history than your imagination.inshaAllah.
I love the intensity of your narration. It keeps me focused and makes everything sound exciting. Thanks.
tnx my teacher
Excellent Episode...
Now where did they go when they were expelled 🤔
How does the Hebrew EXODUS compare and contrast?
Did they challenge the isotope (carbon14) with DNA and match ?
Invasion does not mean only using weaponnery, but closer also relating to actual sub-saharian immigration in Europe, considered as an Invasion.
Did Joseph of the Bible belong to the Hyksos/Heqa /Avar ?
Europe population is dying bro, it time for black, we will resurrect a culture better than ancient Egypt on your people demise, then we will enslave them Arab for an eternity. Sub Saharan Africa population will be more than a billion by 2100, Europe will be below 300 million. All of you will pay for your ancestors sins it's been a long time coming, better hope them Indian are your allies, because we and them have no trouble.
Hopefully we can have the neanderthal gene remove for good, we will finish the work of our homo sapien ancestors.
Clown
@@uniformityofnature1488 Joker
I ask all those who are interested in ancient history and politics to start group work centered on 3 specific topics.
1. The Turkic Mongolian origin of the Akkadians
2. The Akkadian Amorite origin of the Hyksos
3. The off shoots of the expelled Hyksos since 1523 bc.
I consider the 4 off shoots of the Hyksos are 1. the Hebrews, 2. The Mitanni, 3. The Kassites, and 4. The Mukarribs.
These groups turned to Jews, Kurds, Babylonians and Sabaeans after the Battle of Carchemish in 605 BC
Another fourth topic of extreme importance the disguised and devastating alliance between Thutmose III and the Hyksos off shoots, which characterized the rest of the second half of the 18th dynasty until general Horemheb ended that dynasty
No Egyptian King was called or had title Pharaoh. If you cannot know this how reliable is your information?
1. Hebrew settlers in Hut-Waret/Avaris either rose up against the Egyptians for independance. Their defeat probably inspiring the story of the Exodus.
or
2.The Hyksos could have been The Amorites a semitic people from the levant/Syria who invaded from the East.
By the time these people came to rule the golden age of Egyptian culture had long been relegated to ancient history.
It was during the New Kingdom, after the deposition of the Hyksos, that the Egyptian empire reached its greatest extent.
I don’t believe that the Hyksos were the Israelites, but rather the catalyst that led to the latter’s enslavement. The Israelites/Hebrews first entered Egypt when it was under Hyksos control. Once the Egyptians expelled the Hyksos, they turned on the Israelites, whom they had associated with the Hyksos, and forced them into a state of servitude as a result. Just a theory though.
Strangely, the word Hykso-s, has a meaning in Albanian language. In central Albania, Hyksi, means who leaves, deserteur, Rebell, outcast.
The Hyksoi were probably of the same people the ancient Greeks called Pelasgoi, rulers of the northern Mediterranean.
The same expression appears in the 8th century AD., in Constantinople, designing an elite unit of the Eastern Roman Emperors:Hykana-toi.
Could it be that the women are forced into Egypt after their majority of their male were slaughtered by the Egyptian army? This brings to mind the Story of Moses.
🤦🏻♀️the Hyksos were black Hebrew Israelites. They were called Shepherd Kings. They were not yet a nation. There’s records in Egypt that they left Egypt, went in to the wilderness and settled in a land called Judea.
The fool never even mentioned that Hykso's brought bronze weapons, horse and chariot, fortifications and more. That would be hard to do without being from the outside. Unreal.
maybe those Hyksos could have been related to the Aryans invading India
Information throughput in this video is low.
Fascinating❣
Hyksos are Phoenicians or Hebrews who originally sprung out of Dilmun. They ended up in the region known as Canaan, and from there they made their way down south to modern-day Egypt. Avaris, the city, may originally have been a trade outpost, sort of like Carthage in its original state, but grew rapidly in size and importance. The exodus is essentially the tale of the expulsion of the Hyksos, albeit with reversed roles to garner sympathy and for storytelling reasons. The Hyksos/Phoenicians learned a valuable lesson from their expulsion, and that was to, in their future endeavors of empire-conquering, not rule with fear and impunity, as it was a recipe for disaster. Rather, one should do it covertly, preferably with a front, and with a healthy dose of amicable behavior towards one's subjects.
Hyksos aka The Shepherd Kings.
Arabs
@@poppopartist3870 you don't know that
An interesting theory. It's important to try and imagine how groups view themselves and others from their perspective. If true, the Hyksos in northern Egypt probably saw themselves as Egyptian albeit with more recent memory of migration from a homeland(s) they had never seen (like modern day Americans) but to the native Egyptians (or those who had migrated into the area much much earlier) the Hyksos were forever outsiders who usurped power out from under them - again like the US where Americans from earlier immigrants who look with disdain at newer immigrants. Unlike Native Americans, the Egyptians were able to drive out or at least assume control over these "immigrants" driving out the "foreigners" and those who remained became "Egyptian" (except perhaps for one obstinate group that clung to their ways...)
Americans? As in the people in America 30,000 years before 1492 and still here now? Or you meant US Citizens of European decent? Because the citizens of the USA are not officially called Americans. They are US Nationals or US Citizens. Americans are everyone in America from Alaska to Chile. The original people in America are Americans and are not from Europe or Africa. So you meant European US citizens who assimilate into a generic European culture in the USA.
@@adrianalainez8499 good for you!
@@adrianalainez8499 your logic is shit. As could argue white American are the only true Americans. Considering the origin of the word being from Amerigo Vespucci
And the fact the country isn't the same as land history..the bill of of rights states only white men of moral character can be Americans us citizens " rn it says. Doesn't mean other races aren't American
European American is not even a used term. What a waste of time
@@TheMagicJIZZ You're an idiot because Americans are the people already in America before 1492 and the people you call Hispanic now. Those are Americans. Europeans aren't Americans. And if you want to describe a European born in the USA he's a US citizen or US National. No where in the Declaration of independence or the Constitution or any speech made by the founding fathers does it say Americans to describe their citizens. That term started to be used in the 1880's. Before that everyone know that the name of the country wasn't America it was the United States. The Union. In what continent? America. And your Vespucci stupidity doesn't work. So Africa can be Africa and the people Africans right? They accept that right? Even though the Romans called them that not the people themselves. And just Tunisia was Africa not the Continent. But it's the term used now. So America and Americans in the end have nothing to do with Vespucci. If the continent is America the people are Americans. If you are from Europe than Europeans. And yes you should use European American because the only people who can use American alone without a hyphen are the true Americans the people already here when the Europeans arrived. And most Americans are magically called Hispanic just because they speak Spanish but have zero connections to Spain which is European. But Africans speak English and aren't British or Britonic right? You can't erase an identity and impose another. Not everyone are sheep. You're fake news.
@@adrianalainez8499 Europeans literally named this land “America” Lmaoooo natives are less than 1% of the population of the United States and most central and many South American populations are mestizo.
No human beings are native to this land we just arrived at different times and it’s highly debatable who arrived first.
The “Clovis first” those years has been blown out of the water!
So if you occupied a land then lost control of it, then it was conquered, repopulated and renamed how do you then lay claim to said conquered lands?!
By your logic Egyptians are not Egyptians, Italians are not Italians, Turks are not Turks, Russians are not Russian, Koreans are not Korean, really Europeans wouldn’t even be Europeans???
So take your crap elsewhere, the world is tired of such sniveling and!
You sound like a childish loser.
if you find 2000 year old graves does that mean they originate fom that place?
An interesting video, thank you.
Speculation: The strontium values would seem to reflect a recently settled non-local group 'sending out' for brides from 'the home land'.
Wild speculation? Might one view the Hyksos as 'proto-Israelites'? While rightly not touched upon in this factual analysis when direct evidence is lacking I think it fair to wonder.
One might imagine a group coming from the East and Levant, settling mostly in NE Egypt, importing compatriots, gaining influence and power, then finally being ousted by less than happy locals... possibly to escape NE (back) the the Levant. One might go further and wonder about the spread of monotheism in the near East, possibly a direct or as part of a general influence on the likes of Akhenaten. A rather familiar sounding story.
I appreciate the notion of discussing a scientific research paper, but this video was disappointing. To improve, future videos should: 1.) state authors of paper and clearer details of journal published 2.) show images/graphs from the paper, not just stock video 3.) provide the video author's opinions of the research (if any).
So if Hyksos were in the delta for that long.. then this throws a wrench in everything we know about the upper and lower Egyptian divide. Could Egypt since the first dynasty have been this diverse? Closer inspection of the Narmer palette, we can observe the differences in the way southern are represented next to the subdued northerners..
The Delta Egyptians were closely linked to the Sumerian culture. Since the united Egypt of the day was interested in cooperation rather than brutal conquest, the south probably allowed the north to continue many of its cultural traditions.
Of course Egypt was diverse. Your talking 3000 years of civilization
@Joe Kangeroo This is the main reason why we need true unbiased historians to get down to the real truth and facts not hypothesis and opinions.
@@ghjk75 It's way more than 3000 years. Kemet been around since 100,000+ BCE. Diversification came way after the pyramid of Giza was built.
@@djholidaytv414 i know. I'm using their rules against them
The Hyksos were the ancient Amalekites, who were also related to the Canaanites.
That's a street H the Amalekites the descendants of Esau were Caucasians. The artefacts of the Hyksos depicted them as dark brown Israelites aka black people. Nice try to fob Amalek on us 😆
@@guineverejackson1201 He is actually exaclty right. The Amalekites lived at the border on the southern border of Judah. They were a Sea People. Primarily this people identifies with Eurasians ... a Genetic Albinism trait within the Mongo Timurid Empire. These people don't have a lot of vivid history as "Amalekites" but they have a Tone of History as the "Philistines" and the "Timurids". MOSLES CHINESE PEOPLE :) What's happening is the CHINESE rulers wanted their posterity removed from biblical accounts because it depicted them as SLAVES and SERVANTS unto AFRICA and PHARAOH... When he states related to the Canaanites, i believe he means geographically the Phoenicians.
The fresco shown about 3 1/2 minutes into the video seems to be Etruscan), far removed in time and space from Hyksos Egypt
Actually I’m pretty sure those are Minoans and the image is used to describe elites who are non Egyptian but who are interacting with Egypt.
Gordon Ramsey has been looking for the hick sauce since the beginning of time
Hyksos were Canaanite Phoenician
But what about the introduction of new tech, such as the horse and chariots and the Khopesh a kind of heavy sword with probably Levantine origin. wouldn't that count to extra Nile Valley folks introducing those tech.
Btw a Ta-Nahasi aka Kushite king ,was one of many Nile delta king with relations to Hyksos princes and kings.
And what about the West Asiatic names, such as Yacbr. Yusuf or Joseph??.
The Kushites were African. Kush is south of Egypt.
@@helenamcginty4920
Yes , I know but they were allies of the Hyksos at the time , matter of fact they sacked upper Egypt as far as El Kab, during the same era.
7:21 Is this special chair with three normal legs and fourth human-like leg a special artifact after which we can try to trace origins of Hyksos? It looks a little Sumerian for me, especially those noses
looking like number 6 and those leaf-dresses. Maybe it'd help us trace back origins of Sumerians.
Yes I wondered about that odd leg in the background. Thought it was a dog. They do look Sumerian don't they. But I suspect, (without checking )the period is different.
I was looking at that as well... the forth leg looks more like a Animal leg maybe a horse or goat leg and his hand resting on his lap looks kind of like a hoof
Sumerian are black though
The Shepherd Kings arrived during the time of Joseph who saved the known world from a world wide famine and was raised to second in power to Pharaoh Djozer. Joseph (Imhotep) and his family of descendants became so powerful the Egyptians became worried thus led to their persecution and slavery then eventually the exodus. It’s all so simple
No DNAs yet
How about an ancient DNA haplogroup research?
3:30 so sooooo interesting
The 19th dynasty pharoah were from avaris. Aka the hykos capital. Aka ramesses the 1st ramesses the 2nd and seti were from there
That’s funny I last time I checked The 19th dynasty Kings ruled from Thebes and Memphis! Which means Hyksos never ruled Kmt!facts!
@@andrelove4183 i can tell youre not good at reading comprehension. Lol
And I can tell you don’t know what you’re talking about!Where are you learning your history from?Kings of the 19th dynasty did not rule from avaris! Ramsess originated from lower Kmt! (Thebes)
@@andrelove4183 you idiot lower kmt is north upper is south. Thebes is south. Second you idiot i said the 19th dynasty pharoahs are FROM avaris. Meaning they were born there. Smfh
Наканец один чалавек написал правда,осталниеа чипуха пишит ест легенда АККА И ГАШИ
wow,,, that was a lot of talking to basically describe the story of the Israelites (herders) flight to Egypt,setteling in goshen (Avaris) rising to power then leaving.
See David Rohl on M Bietak´s find of a palace and 12 tomb area, with a pyramidal tomb with a figure and multicolored coat.
It does not say that at all.
Hyksos was a mixed multitude just how the Bible explained the exodus then isrealite origin.semites are buried in the mix so is many other peoples races. It appears to be something like Spartacus movement where pirates or poor raids gathered more ans more as the wave migrated threw the ancient world .
Those who would later become phillistines most likely brought the culture of cremation with them thus its few to no burials to study .
But we know it was many different peoples ,mycenean, cannite,sumer,hititte ,nubian etc.
To me they're of a Semitic people, Arab like people to be specific. Moses Egypt's life mostly lived in their time.
I love when you want to know "what happened" from a modern historian, and the first thing they do is give you a long list of wrong things that didn't happen. Annoying.
It is the custom when presenting new information to first go over the assumptions that have been around for so long they have become 'facts' that are now being challenged.
For real, if he just came out and said the Hyksos originated in Hykztlan and ruled Egypt after they were the first to shout “thou shotgun” within sight of the Great Pyramid, we’d have no reason to believe he had even considered other theories.
This "history" is about as reliable as the nonsense you get from Ancestry.com and 123.com.
Unfortunately this is all speculation and assumption. They assume the Avaris people were the Hyksos.
Male to female ratio is no proof of invasion or non invasion.
If a whole people invaded it is likely that a huge portion of men would be killed on battle and burial sites of post invasion settlements would be female dominant. It was common at the time that surviving males would have multiple wives.
Every time. Ex. It definitely was not the Aryans
As The Encyclopedia Americana (1956, Vol. 14, p. 595) says: “The only detailed account of them [the Hyksos] in any ancient writer is an unreliable passage of a lost work of Manetho, cited by Josephus in his rejoinder to Apion.” Statements attributed by Josephus to Manetho are the source of the name Hyksos. Interestingly, Josephus, claiming to quote Manetho verbatim, presents Manetho’s account as directly connecting the Hyksos with the Israelites. Josephus, it seems, accepts this connection but argues vehemently against many of the details of the account. He seems to prefer the rendering of Hyksos as “captive shepherds” rather than “king-shepherds.” Manetho, according to Josephus, presents the Hyksos as conquering Egypt without a battle, destroying cities and “the temples of the gods,” and causing slaughter and havoc. They are represented as settling in the Delta region. Finally the Egyptians are said to have risen up, fought a long and terrible war, with 480,000 men, besieged the Hyksos at their chief city, Avaris, and then, strangely, reached an agreement allowing them to leave the country unharmed with their families and possessions, whereupon they went to Judea and built Jerusalem.-Against Apion, I, 73-105 (14-16); 223-232 (25, 26).
In the contemporary writings the names of these rulers were preceded by titles such as “Good God,” “Son of Reʽ,” or Hik-khoswet, “Ruler of Foreign Lands.” The term “Hyksos” is evidently derived from this latter title which is a non related word. Egyptian documents immediately following their rule called them Asiatics. Regarding this period of Egyptian history, C. E. DeVries noted: “In attempting to correlate secular history with the biblical data, some scholars have tried to equate the expulsion of the Hyksos from Egypt with the Israelite Exodus, but the chronology rules out this identification, and other factors as well make this hypothesis untenable. . . . The origin of the Hyksos is uncertain; they came from somewhere in Asia and bore Semitic names for the most part.”-The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, edited by G. Bromiley, 1982, Vol. 2, p. 787.
Since Joseph’s elevation to power and the benefits it brought Israel were by divine providence, there is no need to seek some other reason in the form of friendly “Shepherd Kings.” (Ge 45:7-9) But it is possible that Manetho’s account, actually the foundation of the “Hyksos” idea, simply represents a garbled tradition, one that developed from earlier Egyptian efforts to explain away what took place in their land during the Israelite sojourn in Egypt. The tremendous effect on the country produced by Joseph’s ascension to the position of acting ruler (Ge 41:39-46; 45:26); the profound change his administration brought, resulting in the Egyptians’ sale of their land and even of themselves to Pharaoh (Ge 47:13-20); the 20-percent tax they thereafter paid from their produce (Ge 47:21-26); the 215 years of Israelite residence in Goshen, with their eventually exceeding the native population in number and strength, according to Pharaoh’s statement (Ex 1:7-10, 12, 20); the Ten Plagues and the devastation they wrought not only on the Egyptian economy but even more so on their religious beliefs and the prestige of their priesthood (Ex 10:7; 11:1-3; 12:12, 13); the Exodus of Israel following the death of all Egypt’s firstborn and then the destruction of the cream of Egypt’s military forces at the Red Sea (Ex 12:2-38; 14:1-28)-all these things certainly would require some attempted explanation by the Egyptian official element.
It should never be forgotten that the recording of history in Egypt, as in many Middle Eastern lands, was inseparably connected with the priesthood, under whose tutelage the scribes were trained. It would be most unusual if some propagandistic explanation were not invented to account for the utter failure of the Egyptian gods to prevent the disaster God brought upon Egypt and its people. History, even recent history, records many occasions when such propaganda so grossly perverted the facts that the oppressed were presented as the oppressors, and the innocent victims were presented as the dangerous and cruel aggressors. Manetho’s account (over a thousand years after the Exodus), if preserved with some degree of correctness by Josephus, may possibly represent the distorted traditions handed down by succeeding generations of Egyptians to account for the basic elements of the true account, in the Bible, concerning Israel in Egypt.
Honestly any attempt at making the Term Hyksos as a People who ruled or overtook and ruled Egypt is based on Literal Nonsense and wild conjecture anyways. And more Evidence points to the sojourning years in which Joseph being the first of a long line of Israelite Magistrate or "Shepherd Kings(Hyksos) " along with the ruling Pharaohs after Djoser as Manethro urged would have more a bases in fact.
something split the lands in two. a kind of civil war?
This discussion angle was posited by W. Flinders Petrie, in the early 20th cen. as late as 1923. It was a gradual internal insurrection, rooted in governmental positions held by foreigners, and possibly a timed military action, as well. I do like your presentation, but I notice no modern Scholars usu. reference (audibly) the conclusions of past, major Scholars...when the recent work ISNT SO FAR from the past revelations.
Amorites - am I right?
0 days without amorite tricks
There was a famine. The ancient Hebrews sold their daughters into slavery and marriage (very similar things) for food.
Well, the Hyksos introduced the horse, chariot and horsemanship to Egypt. Which means they must have been a peoples that had already come in contact with the Indo Europeans that spread their language far and wide. The Indo Europeans also invented the chariot and horsemanship. I don't believe they were just living on the borders of Egypt for centuries, as Egypt would have surely come into direct contact with them and adopted their horse/chariot tech. No, they must have been a people, a foreign people, who swept down from the north/north east and easily conquered the Egyptians with their horses and chariots. Egyption civilisation however, was too strong and long established for this to only be a temporary occupation, where the Hyksos probably became Egyptians themselves. Just like the Mongols who conquered China in the Middle Ages. The Mongols never had a strong enough culture to overcome China completely. And once the strong leaders were gone, the Chinese simply retook power.
No, horseback riding was not invented by indo europeans.
@@precursors Who did invent it then.
The Sumerians and Hyksos are Arabs who invented the chariot
@@limedickandrew6016
Arabs are really recent afro Asiatic people though no mention of them that far back.
The wheel was invented in Mesopotamia, the Hyksos are not Aryans
@ 15:10 this is definitely not berenice in the map. berenice would be southeast of koptos on the western side of the red sea.
Then how did the Ancient Egyptians call them foreign rulers, and why did the Ancient Egyptians move to the south towards Ancient Nubia?
Hyksos may not refering to one group.more likely multiply tribal group.
Yes at one time many tribes that became 12 main tribes.
@@democracysaved2577 Italy wasn't all foreigners until after Nero.
The Hycsos were of Asian Semitic descent very similar to some people who lived in Egypt around the time of their rule, the Israelites. They ruled actually closer to four hundred years from just before Abraham to about 100 years before the great Exodus of the Israelites. The Hycsos recognize the Israelites as people like themselves Asian semites. This is how Joseph rose to power and prominence in Egypt during the time of the Israelites living in Egypt. When the Hycsos were driven out of power this is how the Israelites became enslaved in Egypt and led to the Exodus via Moses as recorded in the book of Exodus.
There was no great exodus out of egypt. Sorry, no one lives to 1000 and the sun existed before the earth.
@@andrewmarkmusic according to Jewish history which apparently those people are smarter than you The Exodus occurred about 1500 BC led by Moses. Even Egyptian history records The Exodus of the Israelites from Egypt.
@@thombradley4737 Bullshit...There isn't a word about it in Egyptian mythology.
@Thom Bradley: I hate telling you (actually, I love telling you) that the commenter above is correct. There was no exodus as described in the Bible. That event is folklore, not history. There are many reasons to so conclude, but here are a few to chew on: Had over 650,000 slaves -- not counting the children -- abruptly departed Egypt, its economy would have collapsed, and the event would have been roundly noted by the Egyptians (who kept copious records), as well as by their neighbors. But there is no record anywhere of any such event or any such collapse. In fact, the reign of Ramses II, traditional Pharaoh of the Exodus, was one of great prosperity and construction. It could not have been so in the absence of so much of the work force.
Had that many people spent 40 years in the dry, preserving environment of the desert, they would surely have left abundant evidence of their sojourn. But despite decades of fervent, even desperate digging, no associated tools, pottery, charcoal, coprolites, skeletons, or other detritus have been found. Nor are they ever likely to be.
The promised land (Canaan) to which Moses purportedly led the Israelites was in fact an Egyptian protectorate at the time, replete with garrisons -- not a likely destination for a people seeking freedom.
The consensus of scholars is that the event described in Exodus is a foundational myth, pieced together centuries after the events it purports to describe as a way of creating a national identity. The story does have much power and inspirational force, but history it is not.
@@gordonbartlett1921 thank you for your input. However Jewish history does clearly show The Exodus out of Egypt around 1500 BC. Some of us do find Genesis to be historical fact. Some of us are smart enough to know that we didn't evolve out of great uncle monkey. The Exodus is an historical fact. If it wasn't then there's no reason for the Jews to be celebrating Passover for 3500 years.
(19 September 2023, 10:40 a.m.)
Currently 1530 BC is a popular date for the expulsion of the Hyksos.
This date does not align with a circa 1446 BC date for the Exodus based on 1 Kings 6:1 mention of 480 years from Exodus to the building of Solomon's Temple.
Not very well known to many, however, two Egyptologists, who identify themselves as Christian Apologists, Professors James K. Hoffmeier and Kenneth A. Kitchen, independent of each other, toted up the number of years of rule from Joshua, the Judges, Saul, David, and Solomon, and concluded the Bible erred!
It was not 480 years from the Exodus to the Temple's building by Solomon, it was over 600+ years!
This 600+ years aligned the Exodus with the Hyksos period of Egypt!
Despite this extraordinary finding, both Hoffmeier and Kitchen, then trashed this Hyksos alignment, opting for a 1260 BC Exodus based on the mention of a store city called Ramesses, built by the Israelites, which, for them is the city of Pi-Ramesses of Pharaoh Ramesses II.
I have always been under the impression they came from what is now Libya and Tunisia. But apparently no one knows where.
We tend to think of things in the past as a composite, tight unit of time. But really the time line is very long and drawn out swath. The time from the Revolutionary War to today is a tiny percentage of the time Egypt existed BCE, The Levant was connected with Egypt culturally/genetically/economically for as long as Egypt existed and having people from the Levant in Egypt was as natural as seeing different nationals in places like the UK and USA today. It is only logical they were able at times to be influential periodically.
Interesting that hyksos had diverse female ancestry, but not as much on the male side. It could be that Hyksos were slaves that rose up and took over, and reached out to their homeland for wives. On the other hand, they could have arrived anda taken over, but due to their polygamous tendencies, took all the local women and still needed more, so brought in a second wave, 70%, of foreign women for concubines. Male dominated society where lower caste men were probably not allowed to breed perhaps.
The Hyksos are Semitic Arabs
idk why this is simillar to how aryan migration happend, exact time and exact way of conquer, rape culture is from india where aryans rape all human female they found based on superstition reason or just simply aryanized all people at that time
Because it wasn’t an invasion there are depictions of Hkysos women coming to Egypt to marry wealth men, I forget but a recent study actually proved this
since the "hyksos" introduced both horses and chariots into Egypt, I suggest it was the indo euorpean Steppe nomads, (having both horses and chariots for something like 600 years prior) to have led the invasion force.
No
Hyksos arab
@@user-kh4xe4hf7o arabs never intorduced or invent something beside god commandements
i mean both aryans and hykos migrate/invaded literally in 1500's BC and they both have those same behavior of war and what i notice is after hyksos invasion the new era of ancient egypt begun and it is called the new kingdom era, the first king of hyskos chopped the head of the last pharaoh of 2nd intermediate period and the cranial structure of that poor king is negroid (strangely) after that the next pharaohs are all caucasoid, blond, red, brunettes, even there is a huge grave consist of red and blond haired mummies from the new kingdom era, are they actually hyksos? the pharaohs of the new kingdom and all mummies from the new kingdom? is the new kingdom population were actually indo european? slavery in egypt also started after hyksos era
@@user-kh4xe4hf7o Hyksos is both Arab and Chinese. Khans an Turks... IM SURE OF IT! Timuruid Empire...! Hyksos
Ghengis Khans mongo empire rode horses, they were the most dominant empire in battle with horses.
The Turks 0f Syria combined with the Hyksos Khans "Lords" as subservient servants and built chariots as they did in Egypt for pharaoh. Asiatics did the Building the Hebrews were dumb as rocks they love to throw.
(01 April 2024)
Manetho has the Hyksos coming from Phoenicia. If he is right, I would favor Byblos, a port with Egyptian objects. Today Byblos is in Phoenicia.
Donald B. Redford, an Egyptologist, noted the Hyksos were associated with a place called mount Bishri. This mount is in northern Syria.
Manfred Bietak, another Egyptologist, has noted Hyksos temples and homes resemble those found in northern Syria, as does the pottery. Burial customs at Avaris also reflect North Syrian customs.
The Bible has Abraham being of Harran, a site in Northern Syria.
Israel's father, Jacob, is called a wandering Aramean when settles in Egypt. Some Bibles render Syrian instead of Aramean.
So, the Hyksos' origins appear to be northern Syria, its sea ports, Byblos, Ugarit, Gebel Bishri, and Harran.
The Bible
I don’t buy the idea of women migrating to the region for marriage. That doesn’t track with anything in all of human history. More likely is complete cultural migration, met with resistance, and a high proportion of foreign males killed in battle and therefore not represented in the samples collected in this study.
Women migrated to early America from Europe to marry as the country began to be developed. Most of the women who were already in America were either Native or African. So European women were encouraged to migrate to the new country to snag a husband. Not only that, but later on men sent off for Mail-Order brides from Europe.
@@marielaveau6362 In that context, what you're describing is two a stage migration: initially males followed by females from the same culture. That's not what was described in the video.
How harems are made.... Prostitution should be considered as well
Of course.
Its so much more likely that these woman were widows, slaves, the booty of war. Even in the last century the Japanese used comfort woman the normans early in there settlement kidnapped females, the British sailors on the Bounty took a large group of Tahitian woman as brides to Pitcairn island.
There are countless examples of woman being used in this way.
Rise up girls all you need now is a trigger finger.
You buy it or not it was true in ancient times
A mixture of local egyptians, maasai, different sudanese tribes, different lybian tribes, greek tribes and hyksos etc. So hyksos were imigrants like the rest of Asia and Europe but came earlier. Could it be that the egyptians themselves was a mixture of all these People from the beggining but developed a different culture and language? Could be one more explination to the significant changes in the apperence of the population with time in those areas.
TL;DR: Hyksos skeletons have similar Strontium isotopes as locals, so the Hyksos had been living there for a while, and did not arrive as invaders. Women were more likely to have come from elsewhere.
Double check the chronology and re-calibrate times and seasons
I was surprised when Nick said some people claim there weren't black Egyptians. That is less informed than saying there weren't white Egyptians. It's in Africa. Of course there are black Egyptians. But the Narmer Macehead shows a white king receiving a black queen. And if you get in a biracial person's face and demand to know if they are black or white (because you're behaving like a racist), the answer is both. They are white and they are black and no amount of attempting to reduce them to either is going to change that. But if we ever do get off the sauce of our apparently inescapable racist tendencies, Ancient Egyptians could teach us a thing or two about race. They handled it beautifully and we handle it like a ragey child.
Narmer was Black and Ancient Egypt was founded by Black Africans.
Being African doesn’t mean you’re black that’s like saying if you’re Asian you’re Chinese’s despite their being many ethnic groups in Asia. North Africans and sub Saharan Africans look different from one another.
They were amorites not egyptian
So, this says the Hyksos were from Levant and then from West Asia.
Just saying what we already knew, the historical records of them say they came from the North East.
Do you think that this 77% of foreign women have something to do with the fact that you become a Jew if your mother is a Jew? I search for the origin of that tradition, but didn't find anything that would explain that phenomenon. As far as I know, Jews are the only nation to inherit from mother, not from father. Maybe this could be the reason. Women from Caanan taught their children in Egypt the caananite tradition and some of the next generation foreigners came to power as Hyksos. As we know, Moses was also raised in Egyptian home, who knows if his mother was a caananite princess.