Tony Klug on the Realities of a 'Two-State Solution'
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 27 พ.ย. 2023
- Is peace possible in the Middle East? What is the difference between a one-state solution and a two-state solution? What is the role of the international community in resolving the conflict between Israel-Hamas?
Rory and Alastair are joined by Tony Klug, leading expert on the two-state solution and conflicts in the Middle East in today's bonus episode.
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As an Israeli I really want to thank you, I think this talk really manages to explain how simple and yet complicated this conflict really is.
I say 6 million, Alistair Campbell says 600. Either way it was bad
This is my new go to place for news and facts
So nice with experts and people honest when they are not into a certain issue (taking in others to talk about them) for a change :)
You should have seen Mr. Campbell praising the handling of the crisis by Blinken and Biden a few weeks ago. What a partisan joker 😂😂😂😂
?????@@markcalzaverini
Don't recall your contribution to the Northern Ireland peace process, matey.@@markcalzaverini
I think Tony’s point about any solution needing to come from within the region is central to the issue. A deeply interesting podcast. Many thanks
This really really needs to be aired on mainstream TV. Brilliant to hear from a non biased expert on what takes nuance to a different level, whilst too many influential people have been whipping up hatred towards one side or the other.
Yes, indeed. It deserves the widest possible audience.
When you fail in politics then you become an expert…..
Agree, this was excellent. Best hour I’ve spent listening to someone speak on this subject perhaps ever.
@@ethiopiandancinggoatherder7894tell me you didn’t listen to the episode without telling me -_-
@@rbrookeb 😂
Amazing guest and excellent interviewing. You gave him enough free range to really share his insights and knowledge, and only when needed, pressed a point if it hadn’t been fully addressed or pulled the conversation back to basics to bring the audience up to speed.
We sorely need more of this in the public discourse, and especially on this topic.
The solution lies in Tony Klug. He's an expert and never have we needed an expert more than now. Thank you for this education. We all need it. I'm thirsty for facts, for history and understanding. Brilliant podcast
Nope. One state solution
@@zccau2316That won't settle anything but scores
Brilliant interview guys, very fair and educational. Good to know there are potential peaceful solutions to this issue.
Dear Rory & Alistair, thank you for your fabulous & spectacular insightful conversation with Dr Klug.
‘ Nomen est Omen!’
The past weeks and the inflationary coverage of this tragedy in many media outlets, have left me somewhat anxious and frustrated about the lack of intricacies of nuance.
I am at an age where I followed developments in the region for many years.
I always hoped for a ‘ Two State Solution’.
I appreciate the effort and dedication many had invested. Time is truly of the essence.
There has to be hope for outcomes which are securing true safety and existence for all!!!
I recently joined your community and find it refreshingly factual and informative.
THANKS
An excellent summary, and very good interview by both Rory and Alistair, especially as you allowed him to really speak his thoughts without interjecting much. This needs to be aired on national TV, or reach a bigger audience somehow. There is a real absence of the historical context in the narrative today...
Really love to hear smart people ask inciteful questions and really listen to someone who may know the answers!
One of the best programmes/ discussions I've watched that demystifies the complex issues behind one vs two-state solution.
Rory is special. Speaks so coherently and intelligently!
Once again, thank you. My head is buzzing and it is so great to hear from such an expert.
One Palestinian Israeli citizen, when asked if she would prefer to live in a Palestinian state said something like, "Of course! We'd be living in our own land, but I'd want Israeli laws!" I get the impression that Arab states tend to be dictatorships with a religious twist which suppresses women. A Palestinian woman living in Israel who has tasted freedom is unlikely to want to lose it. In a two-state solution, what would the Palestinian state truly look like?
How was lock down and mandatory vaccination for you in your non-dictatorship country?
@@GeorgeLista Temporary
An extremely important point. Thank you
That might be true for some but we are overlooking the racism and discrimination which sadly has not just been in abundance among the Jewish citizens but part of the policy of the Israeli right wing government. That makes the situation so complex and the reason why many Arabs would not prefer living under one state.
You make a very good point that I don't think was picked up during the interview. Israel is a democracy but who knows what a Palestinian state would be? In 2005 Palestinians voted for HAMAS. As a result, an implacable terrorist organisation is parasitic upon and embedded within the Palestinian population. The difference in religion is not really explored either. Very difficult issues.
Thank you for bringing light without heat on this long-fraught, bloody, and tragic matter.
Absolutely brilliantly podcast from Alistair, Rory and outstanding contributions from Tony.
This needs to be infront of more eyeballs.
Some of the best discussions RE this topic is on this platform.
My issue with all these podcasts about peace is none of them talk about the specifics of a viable peace deal. Rory and Alastair should do an actual deep dive on the specifics as to why the PLO rejected the deal in the 90s and Abbas in ‘08. The guardian did a really good piece on it and explains how lopsided it was from the Palestinian perspective. The devil is in the details and any time a detail is brought up someone says the audience will be bored 😑
This interview today is just a basic discussion about how someone feels. There’s no discussion around water rights, Areas A/B/C, what percentage of territories are being swapped, police/military issues, how to move settlers, status of East Jerusalem, what is politically acceptable on both sides etc.
i must say i feel the same way, after listening to the whole thing. i agree with you about the first part. i disagree about the second part. the details of territory, water, etc, i believe are already said and done and are dusting up in someone's office locker since the 90's. the main issues i believe that still impede a full resolution apart from political will are the questions about the "right of return" and Jerusalem.
I’ll try to find it
Yet the Palestinians have never a counter offer on the details, because, I think at the core they won't give up the right of return or wholeheartedly accept Israel's existence
@@yanivcassuto4198 have to disagree, the situation has changed massively, the number of settlements/settlers has increased exponentially, how do you move 750,000 people in deeply entrenched towns/cities?
@pktank1 I think you're raising a valid concern, but I do believe it is possible. Though I have to say, my view is probably not so popular and not so clear cut.
Mainly, my view consists of 2 parts incentives+reparations & forced evacuation. And some land swap, but not as extensive as suggested by most experts.
Also, there are 200,000-250,000 Israelis in "east Jerusalem". I do not count them in this at the moment. It is a different issue.
Factual correction about the separation of Czechoslovakia. Neither Slovak nor Czech population wanted dissolution of Czechoslovakia, their respective elected politicians did as it would have increased their relative power. Wikipedia: "In a September 1992 opinion poll, only 37% of Slovaks and 36% of Czechs favoured dissolution."
Thank you guys for bringing such great guests and doing such a good job of bringing out their insights in a way that most curious viewers/listeners can understand. This is such a tangled history and it takes more than a simple black/white view.
I absolutely love your videos. I think you are both extremely dedicated to the truth. I never feel there is a bias towards one view. Really informative and nuanced. I personally value being fair. I cannot be fair in my assessment of a complex situation, which this is, if I don't know the facts. Thank you very much. Absolutely superb!
Hello Alastair and Rory!
I do enjoy your podcast!
I’d love to hear your take on Serbian politics.
On the 17th of December elections take place.
These elections bear significance in terms of foreign relations: the EU wants Serbia to de facto recognize Kosovo as an independent state.
Additionally, Serbia as of yet did not impose any sanctions on Russia. The pro-EU/Western opposition polls around 15-20%. The similar 80-20 split can be found in favor of no sanctions, not “quitting” on Kosovo (and ethnic Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro).
Cheers!
What an incredibly objective truthful and knowledgeable insight. By far the best breakdown I've heard
Brilliant interview. Well done guys. I agree with Alistair - we do need experts. Gove was wrong.
As probably the original weirdo and misfit, you may need experts, but the question is, do the experts need you? You've systematically failed them for generations, creating Sabiskys rather than competent genius.
And high on cocaine.
@@SirAntoniousBlockWho exactly are you talking about? Yourself?
@@JelMain You do know the Gove has been a cocaine user? He has admitted it.
I suggest you become better informed before you dare to comment with childish insults, to avoid looking like an absolute idiot again in the future.
Gove's point was not to get rid of experts. He's a minister, his job is to listen to expert advice and make decisions.
His point was that the opinion of an investment banker, economist, or CEO means nothing to the people that feel left behind by globalisation. These people wanted a sense of control, security, and community. These are all complex emotive arguments, and some expert on Sky News saying the magical number of GDP might change means nothing to them. He was completely right, and its very unusual how some people take it completely out of context.
Another great talk!
Interesting discussion. Thanks.
I was talking about the sitation in this area with someone at work and told them I'd visited many years ago. When I said I'd been to Jerusalem she actually said "Is that a real place? I thought they made it up for the story" and this is a university graduate.
This is the level of history knowlege
Heavan. Help. Us. These. Are. The. Types. Who. Go. On. The. Rampage. They. Have. No. Idea. Just. That. They. Joined. A. Brainwashed. Mob😂😂
Thankyou for educating us mere mortals.
I love discussions like this and have listened to several over the past two months learning so much about the current conflict and its origins. Thank you.
Great interview with some well-judged questions. A fiercely intelligent and pragmatic man.
Recently subscribed to The Rest Is Politics and have no regrets!
The fact people would need most of this explained is pretty damning
Why? We can't all be omniscient like you. The situation in this part of the world is complex, and I very much doubt if most people in this country have taken a huge interest in the middle east, given there is not much we over here can do anything about.
@@TrevorBarre I respectfully hold a different perspective. The issue is deliberately presented as complex, discouraging individual research. However, I believe we play an active role. The example of Brexit, even if I disagree, underscores the pursuit of independence. Perhaps, as a steadfast ally, we can influence the USA to adopt a more constructive and supportive role in the region. Our role is not passive; it involves active engagement and potential influence on a broader scale.
No, I try to remember facts and dates but I forget. Plus history has a way of shifting.
Thank you very much for this. … and let’s hope for better 2024 😅
An excellent dive into the complexities of the ongoing issues between two divided cultures. Mr Klug identifies, correctly in my opinion, the need for each side to absolutely attain it’s own independence whilst living alongside others with a differing independence. I liked the county boundaries analogy! Unfortunately, unlike the other great conflicts that were ‘settled’ in the 20th century, there is the total absence of visionary leaders, with strong support, who can bring about new and radical thinking. New, popular and imaginative (young) leaders need to emerge!
"The two-state solution is an impossibility." So was peace in Ireland. Until it wasn't.
There's no comparison. The protestants in NI think local catholics are second-class citizens. The Euro colonists in Palestine think the local muslims are vermin.
There wasn't the problem of 700k illegal settlers in Ireland though. 🤔
I think there is only an armistice in Ireland, not proper peace.
I found this insight truly captivating-this presentation of was like unlocking a hidden treasure for me.
Particularly, Cambell's observation struck a chord with me at the end. It resonates in the notion that while many assume familiarity with history, it's those like the gentlemen in the video, dedicating considerable time to its exploration, who unravel its intricate tapestry, revealing layers of understanding that elude the casual observer.
Thank you for bringing such rich insights to light.
Thankyou both for this interviewer... I pray similar wise heads will help help shape the region
What a fascinating and informative interview. Many thanks for another great video.
Amazing conversation. Very balanced. A must watch!
Really helpful insight.
Very informative interview, thank you.
Excellent lovely man
Great Vlog! Thanks
Fantastic - nuanced and deep discussion.
Great interview lads, very informative, keep up the good work.👍
His ideas about a two state solution to hopefully come from within the region is quite instructive. All sides will have to negotiate in the end in order to trash out a fair and just solution.
It's. Clear. That. Giving. The. Arabs. Any. Part. Of. Israel. Would. Only. Give. Them. A. Taste. For. More. And. More. And. More
really nice interview, thank you. I wish you would re-upload the whole version that you uploaded a couple of days ago, I couldn't finish it and it was quite interesting
I think this is the same version - the previous upload just had some visual problems that I assume they've fixed in this one
Great interviewing technique and great humility in answering.
When talking about self determination. What difference would each side ( the citizens) want that would prevent a one state solution? What rules, laws, customs, etc. separate the two sides that are so essential. What would each do differently in a one state solution? If these were laid out and the areas that are common and different established. Then, maybe everyone would know what exactly they are fighting over and what areas of compromise could be found.
Obviously, nice houses would have to be built for the poor and jobs so that this type of solution would have long-term potential to work. Similarly, some cultural items to facilitate customs. Like areas for live stock.
Great show .
Klug nailed it.
Brilliant show keep it up please
Great discussion. One point though on Klug's reference to Czechoslovakia. It's separation is not a template or a model. CZ/SK Politicians favored the separation of CZ and not the populace, and the political elite knew that with approaching EU membership meant that separation was largely trivial in its impact. Also a lone US President did stand up on funding and the settlements, G Bush Snr, when he threatened to pull their loan guarantees if they did not stop settlements.
I live next to an asian one side, an arab on the other. We do not disturb each other at all, we respect each others opportunities to live and work and build a family 🙏 how is that so hard bro????
Great interview but he seemed to dance around the issue of religion. Yes, it is about land, power, and self determination but a core stumbling block is religion and the history that comes with it. Again I really enjoy the videos!
Brilliant as always
Glad to see this is back up! :) - Another incredible chat.
The two state solution is the only just and fair conclusion that can be reached. Just one problem. It is a practical impossibility.
A vassal state, perhaps? A vassalised demilitarised Palestine.
So was Northern Ireland....and South Africa
It may be the geography.
@@maori_brotha Northern Ireland had peace on the table in 1977 - Fred Mulley, Labour's Defence Minister reacted badly and Bob Nairac died. I know because I was offered Bob's job. Johnny Mercer was Bob's boss, and is one of Rory's circle. Peace was never entirely off the table. South Africa saw a negotiated Truth and Reconciliation Commission find a path to peace. That's the difference.
Israel fighting Islam 1.5 billion of them people need to read the Koran it’s all there.
fairo to robby for trying to wrangle the man into actually answering the question asked instead of him going on a tangent about the question itself
Great interview. I worked in Gaza & the West Bank post the Oslo Accords and Tony Klug is absolutely correct. When I got there, PA officials were still arriving from the diaspora and the sense of euphoria was palpable. When Rabin was assasinated we were all shocked and saddened but with Peres we thought we still had a "partner for peace" (and yes that was the nomenclature). When Netenyahu took power we knew we'd lost our peace partner and Abu Amar was cast adrift. I think there was a fleeting glimmer of hope with Ehud Barack, but quickly snuffed out.
You have to respect a man who can distinguish between continuous and contiguous 3:55 🔟 Top marks
If an outsider has worked for 50 years on pushing the most likely successful strategy, isn't it time to change the role of outsiders. A policy aimed at mediating dialogue, rewarding peaceful behaviour and withdrawing support for the opposite, could clarify that the resolution should come from within and that there is the prospect of prosperity for the pursuit of peaceful coexistence.
Besides them, many Arab sources confirm the fact that the Holy Land was still Jewish by population and culture in spite of the Diaspora:
·In 985 c.e. the Arab writer Muqaddasi complained that in Jerusalem the large majority of the population were Jewish, and said that "the mosque is empty of worshippers..." .
·Ibn Khaldun, one of the most creditable Arab historians, in 1377 c.e. wrote:
"Jewish sovereignty in the Land of Israel extended over 1400 years... It was the Jews who implanted the culture and customs of the permanent settlement".
After 300 years of Arab rule in the Holy Land, Ibn Khaldun attested that Jewish culture and traditions were still dominant. By that time there was still no evidence of "Palestinian" roots or culture .
·The historian James Parker wrote: "During the first century after the Arab conquest [670-740 c.e.], the caliph and governors of Syria and the [Holy] Land ruled entirely over Christian and Jewish subjects. Apart from the Bedouin in the earliest days, the only Arabs west of the Jordan were the garrisons".
Even though the Arabs ruled the Land from 640 c.e. to 1099 c.e., they never became the majority of the population. Most of the inhabitants were Christians (Assyrian and Armenian) and Jews.
35:20 Splitting of Czechoslovakia was done purely by politicians, there was no referendum or voting done by the public. Slovaks has half dictatorial prime minister who wanted as much control as possible over his country and didn't want to have oversight/critique from the Czech side. Czechs on the other hand didn't want to have problems with Slovakia and try to manage it as both countries were in a very bad economical state in the beginning of 90s, it was mutualy beneficial and pragmatic decision. As to why there was no war, I believe that depended mostly on the history and culture of both countries and is generally a very complex topic. I don't think the conditions are by far similar to Czechoslovakia in Israel-Palestine relationship and history of both countries and their inhabitants which is significantly different.
Rory you need to become our prime minister!
Definitely. It will never happen. He is too thoughtful, introspective and intelligent.
@@steveknight878 I feel like politics changes people or at least the perception of them, we certainly would not be privy to these kinds of conversations anymore, such is the issue surrounding the political landscape.
The current political landscape is marked by challenges, particularly a lack of transparency. Negotiations often demand overcompensation and secrecy, limiting the information available to the public. This dynamic hinders open conversations, contributing to a growing disconnect between the political process and public awareness.
You should bring on someone like IIan Pappe to explain the Israel Palestinian situation also, one of the new historians or Avi Shlaim who is an Oxford Professor of history
AGAIN: thank you ever SO much….
Totally fascinating; not sure I feel hopeful though.
Its back! I got half way when it came down
My english is very bad,but why the Belgium(Brussels) solution is not mentionned?Is it why the last casualty was more than 50 years ago?Nevertheless this was a brilliant and very inspiring interview.
I would like to hear Klug’s opinion on the role of the UNWRA in the ongoing conflict and its responsibility for the plight of the Palestinians.
I get the feeling sometimes that the Middle East, indeed parts of the whole world, have not really progressed that much since biblical times. I suppose that, in the context of the Earth’s existence, the intervening period between then and now is a few seconds. Frankly, I doubt that there will ever be peace and tribal conflict will continue. My late Dad always reckoned that WWIII would start in the Middle East. I argued against that at the time he said it. Now, I’m not so sure. I deplore the Hamas terrorist attack, but when you look at how their homeland Palestine has been squeezed more and more since the establishment of Israel, it’s really not that surprising that Palestinians feel aggrieved.
The 2 world wars were about European powers and involved the colonial territories,accusing the middle east or Africa and other places of being "stuck"in tribalism or not involving is a bloody cheek considering the hige world wars which have happened in Europe with millions upon millions killed and then the ongoing wars,many of which have been caused and armed by western powers intervenining in the politics and economies of post colonial countries.The west has developped their wealth and economies based on the subjugation and extraction of resources of those now "less developed countries"which did not exists as the modern nation states which were forced upon them by colonial authorities.
The middle east would probably be doing just fine of Europe had not been intervening and meddling for the last few hundred years,backing corrupt regimes and destablising the whole region...yeah Europe is so advanced isn't it.!!!
I did the rough maths and, contrary to what Rory said, in a one state solution, if you ignore the right to return, the Palestinians would still be about 1m shy of a majority so it could still be described as a Jewish state.
Did Tony Klug once have a wiki profile? If so, I can’t find it. Want to read up more on him, surprised can’t find that.
Correction. While Israel evacuated Gazza in 2005-2006, it remained in full control of it, essentially turning it into a prison.
What about the Arabs (of all religions) who remained in Israel in 1947 and remained in Israel, as Israeli citizens after Israel beat back the invading Arab armies who sought to push them into the sea and eliminate the state of Israel? Klug doesn’t seem to recognize that Israel did not eject these people, but allowed them to stay.
Brilliant podcast and I would agree there is no political motivation to find a solution my observations I would agree this is one two groups of people want the land and will not discuss anything further than gaining fully that land. I also agree the West have not done anything tangible to slow down the policy of settlements which brings us to where we are today.
why is this not in the Apple podcast?
Nakba - it was 750,000 Arabs who weren't called Palestinians in 1948. And most of them escaped the battle, not expelled.
Why was the video taken down and shortened?
I don't know, I started watching It the other day but couldn't finish it and then they took it down... They probably removed some part that was firing up people in the comments...
Nah it wasn’t about that (although it cross my mind) - the original video was a tiny bit faulty so they took it down and fixed it. I didn’t realise it was shorter however.
Nothing to do with Israel/Palestine, but I suspect that the Kremlin would not agree with Alistair that the Cold War is over. What does he think has been happening since 2014?
What I was taught in US High School in the late '70's, right next to one of the largest US Military bases, was that Israel was the Middle East branch of the USAF. Without their air power in the region, oil would stop flowing. Most US Citizens have kind of forgotten the importance of 'stability' in the Middle East by now. I guarantee that if the flow of oil is threatened by proposed changes in Israel, Washington will take notice.
On the other hand, as I type this I look back at my father's career in military intelligence and is amazing how fast they went from hunting Nazi's post WWII, to using "ex" Nazi's to hunt commies by the early 1950's. Perhaps much of the current Palestinian support signals a change in Washington's strategy in how to keep the oil flowing. If that's the case, Israel is doomed.
You should interview Gideon Levy
Where do the Palestinians say they want their own state? And where do they say they are willing to settle for the 1967 borders?
A kingdom to change men must change.
A very interesting podcast, particularly the point that the west should not try to impose their model of secular democracy government on other countries.
Its astonishing to hear Klug say its about land. It is NOT about land
Rory, I will buy you a pint, but you can't drink it. It is a symbolic pint. It is yours, but you can't drink it.
I'm absolutely astonished, im at 45 mins into this interview and there has been no discussion on Camp David, Olmert's proposal, Wye River....etc. Round & Round from Oslo to the present and back. The seeds of a solution must be contained in the other proposals since Oslo
They explain at the end, the purpose of the presentation is to provide a comprehensive amount of information in a manner that is both palatable and understandable. The intention is to avoid confusion and prevent the issue from becoming overly complex, thereby fostering belief in the possibility of finding a solution.
Interestingly, some comments under the video indicate that this objective may have not been achieved anyway, with some expressing skepticism about the feasibility of finding a resolution despite the ease of the video in my opinion.
Didn't see any specific discussion on peace proposals and the details which are the most important thing towards the end either. Given that they got in an expert - this interview was disappointing. Certainly not enough depth in the questions
This documentary from PBS first released 20 yrs ago and then re-released on YT is brilliant at explaining the history.
th-cam.com/video/jt3PpqaLfxo/w-d-xo.htmlsi=KaXvDYyBFfKcJKDR
Should either, or preferably both sides, achieve the unlikely event of dropping the notion of self-deifying hierarchical superiority then that might be a start. 😒
I would like to know what the historical claims are for each side.
How do you find a solution to a conflict where one side is committed to obliterating the other, no matter how long it takes, sacrifices it’s own children and believes martyrdom is a goal far loftier than life ? In India the British are said to have solved it by burying their dead in pigskin, now the survivors have followed them to Britain
Steve Davis has a lovely new waistcoat.
When we talk of two states solution we always expect the exspelling of all settlers. They could live within a Palestinian state in the same way as some Palestinians live within the Israeli state
Hamas are completely opposed to peace or co existence, most Palestinians are uninterested in a 2 state solution or co existence.
One shocking thing found after Hamas attack, most Israelis today are not aware of Palestinians' issue.
Shame on Google/TH-cam; I am right on the point of giving this up for the alternatives: Yes, there are some. I watched this yesterday and found it to be the best discussion of the current situation by a long way, leave it up, sez I.
The version last night had huge black gaps where there should have been wide shots! This is now fixed, no conspiracy!
Thank you!
To Christians. The young family, with a newborn, fled from persecution in Bethlehem and escaped to Egypt. They would have travelled through what is now Gaza. These days they just couldn't, and would likely have been bombed, shelled or driven to starvation.
Just listened to this. Quite interesting and a few points were evident.
Only 2% of school children learn about Middle East history. Rather confirms that many marchers didn't/don't have an understanding why they are there.
No mention of the Ottoman Empire, Balfour Declaration, Mandate Years, 1947 UN Commission and UN proposal. And no explanation of why go back to 1967 borders rather than the 1947 proposal. He talked about a local solution, but no discussion of any Arab League involvement.
Perhaps there will be an update.
Basically, UN and Balfour created 2 states. Eastern European zionists invading Palestine said otherwise because U. S. gave them power to do so.
Ireland has had 800+ years of conflict between a native population and another ethnic group acting on a document from God that gave them the right to settle (Laudabiliter, 1155). Over the centuries, settlers took the best land, banished the native population to the West Bank (of the Shannon) and eventually after centuries of violence, inter-communal strife and the invention of urban guerrilla warfare, Ireland got a 2-state solution. That two state solution has not been a happy one, especially in the northern state. Israel has only been going for 75 years but has all the same issues as Ireland, compressed into a much shorter timeframe. How many more centuries will this conflict run for?
I think the wider world needs to intervene and now force the creation of the two state solution
Have you actually listened to this podcast??
@@TrevorBarre absolutely, enjoyed it very much - interesting insight from a gentleman with a lifetime of experience looking into Israel-Palestine conflict. My formulated opinion is as stated above - I take it you're of a different opinion?
@@rjdavies1982 I believe he is referring to how Tony has emphasised the need for change to come from within. But I feel your solution is also expressed by Tony, -acknowledging that broader enforcement is necessary but emphasising that it should not be driven solely by the economic motivations of outside countries- obviously it is not possible for the USA to do that anymore.
@@SK-hq6uxI suspected that what his meaning and agree with your assessment of Tony’s position. I don’t believe external powers alone can resolve this situation but clearly something needs to change. As to how the wider community can encourage resolution I don’t know - perhaps a combination of incentives and penalties? Also, Netanyahu has to go.
There is a viable 2 state solution outside of what you’ve discussed. This was being mooted by significant Israelis 8 days before October 7th. You can have a Federal State but the solution proposed was a deal between Saudi, USA, Israel and Egypt whereby investment in Egypt by the other 3 countries would release parts of Sainai to extend Gaza to create Palestine with the West Bank becoming a series of Emirates governed by the local ruling families.