The Life of Emperor Justinian - Vol 1-9 - The History of Byzantium
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 19 ก.ย. 2024
- SYNOPSIS:
The Roman Empire had many emperors. Justinian was perhaps one of the most enigmatic. He created a law code, sponsored a massive building campaign, survived the plague, and restored the empire more than any in his time. Yet, despite that he was regarded as setting up his civilization for a major fall. In this video we cover the life of Emperor Justinian - from humble beginnings to impactful end.
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Check out the History of Byzantium Podcast
and hear Robin's amazing work:
thehistoryofby...
He also has tours of Istanbul - contact him at:
the historyofbyzantium@gmail.com
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CONTRIBUTE ON PATREON:
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FOR ANDEROID USERS:
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SPECIAL THANKS:
If you love amazing art check out Eric Chauvin's work
He was kind enough to allow me to use his paintings:
www.chauvinart...
Appreciate the work of Ryan Teo
Check out his work at:
www.artstation...
Big Thanks to Embrace History for the Total War Anima
Please check out his channel:
/ @embracehistoria
A huge shout out to Know History as well
Beautiful landscape renders
Check out his channel:
/ @knowhistory
Finally a big thanks to Callum Ogden for his amazing map!
Check him out on Insta: @Ogden_Callum
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#emperor #justinian #romanempire
This is it! The Life of Emperor Justinian in a 7 and a half hour video! Only the truly ultra hard core Roman History enthusiasts need apply =). Enjoy folks! Also big announcement - I've been approached by a company to create history tours and give lectures. You could join me in traveling to the locations where history occurred. Let me know if this would interest you. The full Reconquista Video on Isabella will also be out very soon.
You guys are the Best! And wish You the Best of luck!😊😊😊
Walking through Rome or a ancient battlefield with you as a guide would be unreal! Sound like a really cool consept
Thank you! I always use this playlist as background.
That would interest me greatly, but it'd need to be here. On TH-cam. I don't jump platforms I'm sorry, I hate Alphabet Corp an all just like the next guy, but this is where I watch my content.
I can't help but think of how awesome it would have been if you and Mike Brown had collaborated like this.
Talk about a trifecta of history!
Don't get me wrong. I love the podcasts but the visuals add a bit more depth to the stories.
"Men will literally watch an almost 8 hour long video about the history of the byzantine empire instead of going to therapy"
This IS Therapy!
You need it you go everyone else is fine no therapy needed but don't be ashamed it's not your fault you was born bat shit crazy runs in your family. Good luck . Bless your little heart.
😂😂 lol.. busted !!
Joke's on you, I do both. 😝
Some people don't need therapy. That doesn't stop them from liking history.
Sleep doc PERFECTION. Immeasurably grateful for this PTSD treatment. Ineresting enough to distract, steady even pitch delivery to lull.
I'm happy you liked this video - but sounds like it is the cure for insomnia for you.
@@FlashPointHxIt’s a compliment. Videos that both hook me and help me sleep get a full watching in the waking hours.
@@FlashPointHx Insomnia is actually a common symptom in ptsd patients
you have no idea how much I've learned lying awake at night. Somehow, I made it through high school and a degree in mathematics whilst only being vaguely aware of Constantinople, let alone the entirety of the Byzantium.
I have mild autism. I am a history nut. I love antiquity. This podcast and the visual work added to make it a video is great, great work. I truly am hard to please. Even the narration finds no way to annoy my sensitive ears. That is no mean feat. I applaud the work and dedication required to create content like this. However! (hehe) I have to ask, how is it that in an almost 7.5 hour long video has zero chapters employed? I happily watched this video for approximately 5.5 before I twitch clicked and lost my place. It was quite the shock to realize that a piece so lovingly crafted is this long of a video and there isn't a single chapter division in the whole thing. All I can do is recite the call-letters: Whiskey, Tango, Foxtrot. It's even more flabbergasting when one realizes this video is a concatenation of separate chapters already. It doesn't really matter, I guess I had to post out of shock. Everything is top-notch. How in the heck didja forget chapters? How? Your work is SO good! (Please keep it up! Chapter links be damned!) Ah-HAH! I found my place! *ahem* I have almost 90 minutes left! Eeeeee!
Happy that you liked this so much! I tell you what - you seem to have a good eye for this - I challenge you to come up with chapter divisions. Post them as a comment and I’ll add them to the description of the video.
No! I re-found a single spot in that mega-video. That's good enough for me ☺ The content was GREAT enough for me. I congratulate your team's work.@@FlashPointHx
Okay here's some of it:
Chapter 1 - The Emporer Justin
th-cam.com/video/vqddAGgKGGs/w-d-xo.html
Chapter 2 - The Emporer Justinian
th-cam.com/video/vqddAGgKGGs/w-d-xo.html
Chapter 3 - The Empress Theodora
th-cam.com/video/vqddAGgKGGs/w-d-xo.html
Chapter 4 - The Eastern Front
th-cam.com/video/vqddAGgKGGs/w-d-xo.html
Chapter 5 - The Northern Front
th-cam.com/video/vqddAGgKGGs/w-d-xo.html
Chapter 6 - The Home Front
th-cam.com/video/vqddAGgKGGs/w-d-xo.html
Chapter 7 - The Nika Riots
th-cam.com/video/vqddAGgKGGs/w-d-xo.html
Chapter 8 -
??? Couldn't find a title card for this one...
Chapter 9 - The Hagia Sophia
th-cam.com/video/vqddAGgKGGs/w-d-xo.html
@@FlashPointHx
Read Anatoly Fomenko or else you can never say you are a history nut.
@rendergartenarts Youre no history nut if you dont watch the history channel
An eight hour video on one of my favorite subjects on the planet. I couldn’t be ANY happier right now, hell yeah.
Been watching these guys for a year now and I’ve not had a bored moment the entire time, even after rewatching over and over again.
Awesome to hear this!
He opens with "previously"...is there a video I'm supposed to watch before this one?
@@florida1289 this is part of a larger 280+ episode podcast - we decided to start with a few episodes in. You can download the others
@@FlashPointHx I will definitely download the episodes!! Thank you!
I proceeded to watch this over the course of approximately 2 weeks.
As I originally searched for a video on the whole history of the Eastern Roman Empire, I must say, this has been very enjoyable.
Not just the history of Justinian, but the presentation and the speech have been phenomenal.
Absolutely superb, for all those who worked on it.
Idk how people are t constantly consuming this kind of content. It’s graciously given to us for free. It’s deep,accurate and well put together. You’d be crazy not to enjoy this. Thank you so much for all the hard work! It doesn’t go unnoticed my brother! Love it
The whole thing was great. But in particular the whole section on the plague and it's scientific explanation was extremely well done.
Definitely check out my Black Death video then
I awakened to the Black Death segment the past two mornings.😮 Well done.
@@uthinkaboutthat if you like that part , you should listen to my video on the Black Death of the 14th Cen
@@FlashPointHx Thanks. Will make the average Monday pale in comparison!
Thank you for putting such quality content out for free.
My pleasure !
+1
This was an absolutely incredible listen. So many great details, truly appreciate the work you and your team did in making this.
Thank you so much kdigga - really happy that you liked this. Robin has another 200+ episodes to listen to if you liked
You all are spreading so much love. It’s truly heartwarming. Thank you!
My first listen to your podcast and WOW! Fabulous delivery, material, phrasing, detail and the ‘lightness of touch’ with heavy dates, names, concepts is a revelation! I spent 25+ years teaching (college) and I know personally how difficult it is to cover copious material in an engaging manner and with a voice that - in your case - is pure honey!
I’m just bowled over!
Wow, thank you! This collaboration with Robin was a joy. He's got another 200+ audio podcasts if you're interested
I most certainly am interested! Robin’s voice, his delightful (charming) sense of humour and decorum is a stunner (that part where Robin refrains from indulging in Procopius’ salacious tales about Theodora is both what a gentleman and a proper scholar should do!) - however I have no idea where to find Robin’s list of podcasts - is it provided on a website or do I just pop in his name in the address bar on YT?
BTW, Byzantium isn’t even my area - my grad work was 1500 Italian painting overlapped with late 17thC French! AND if that’s not enough thrown in my parallel project- the French and English wars 1300-1500 (misnomer to call it the Hundred Years War) SO I’m way far afield with Robin’s material and by all rights should be hopelessly lost - he is that good I haven’t gotten a darn thing done since I found his podcast, his manner is conversational and relaxed - superb!
@@bethwilliams4903 go to your podcast app and search ‘History of Byzantium’ you’ll find him.
Thank you 😁
Yes! It's about time. The era of Justinian the GREAT is the greatest in Byzantium history and my personal favorite. From internal riots and infighting, tragic plagues and on to the conquests of old Western Roman provinces, Justinian weathered a storm, enforced a longstanding code of law and presided over the most culturally and vitally significant period of his Empire's history.
Hagia Sophia had not been built at the time of Justin, instead it was the prior version, Magna Ecclesia. This kind of inaccuracy early on begs the question: What else is wrong?
Nevertheless, I'm enjoying this. Liked and subscribed :)
I've been waiting for this since the history of Rome podcast ended.
Wow! This is real class! I am studiing history, and this time is one of my favourites, so i can say That i at least know the raw facts, and i am totally impressed of your Knowledge, i learned lots of new things. Congrats mate for this masterpiece!
belisarius and justinian are literally a historical bromance of untold proportions
Just like Augustus and Agrippa
@@YoubeentaggedLiterally
Love your voice and pronunciation... Its perfect for documentaries!
Aaaaaaand finished! Really appreciate all the work that went into this.
If I'm not mistaken, I first watched and listened to your podcasts on the Punic Wars and Attila the Hun a couple years back. It's really noticeable how far you've came. Granted, anything you make is bound to be great. 👍
Wow, thanks! Lukas - you've officially listened to me for the equivalent of like a day straight - impressive !
thanks you for the work you put in not only in the original videos but the compilations along the way too :)
Really love this series. Watched it as it came out 1+ years ago...
Between this and the 'Fall of Constantinople' and the 'Attila' conglomerated videos, this channel has some of the best Eastern Roman Empire/Byanztine/Roman Empire out of Constantinople documentaries on youtube !
The story of the Roman Empire & culture, and how it turned into a Greek rump-state out of Constantinople, as the most opulent power of the early medieval period that decayed into the rise of modern Western European powers, who it must be said had a hand in their destruction, has got to be one of the weirdest and most interesting stories in history as far as I'm concerned... Then pepper in the fact that, to some extent, Ancient Greece had been infused into Roman culture by the time Byzantium turned into Constantinople. It really exemplifies the paradox that is 'Western civilization'.
Hey thanks! Seems like you’ve gotten through a lot of my content :)
@@FlashPointHx Indeed, the Byzantine stuff is my favourite, but I've watched plenty of other videos about different regions/periods, and I can comfortably endorse its quality
Flattered that you replied to my comment. Keep up the good work guys.
Wow, this is definitely one of if not the best video on the Roman empire. Well done
This is a truly excellent piece of work!
Thanks.
Many thanks!
Loved this series guyw! Justinian the Great is the second best Byzantine Emperor! Surpassed only by Basil II, the Bulgar Slayer!🎉🎉🎉🎉
I see your point - you have a great eye for emperors - Basil had great vision.
@@FlashPointHx Thanks! The man really was one of a kind.
These 2 are consistently atop lists of Scholars. Kaldellis, however, places Constantine I as 1st due to his administrative and economic reforms whilst updating Rome's landscape to withstand a the mext millennia. His move to Christianity was huge but succeeded and it's easy to see why it was the right move as it provided hope to the lower classes in the more turbulent times. To boot, he was never defeated in battle.
Yes . Silly Bulgars ...
Perfection! thanks for your hard work FPH!
Thanks so much K!
Thanks for all the work you put in man
No problem 👍
Still can't believe I watched the whole 7.5 hours in one go.
Your voice is just right. The volume is just right. I aim to aspire to tell story's like you do. 🙏 Thank you. Now I'm off to flex my history knowledge. And ask what almost none of my friends know. What was this plague and why was it called the Justinian plague 😂
The audio is from the history of Byzantium podcast. Check it out and if ur a real Roman Stan start with the history of Rome. Between those two u have a years worth of audio on Roman history lol
Wow, thank you! Definitely check out Robin's material - a link is in the description of the video
I listened to your whole podcast a few years back (and subscribed on patreon) over the course of a couple months. Yes, i was absurdly hooked. It is one of the best podcasts, period. I had no idea you had a youtube channel, and i am SO EXCITED to go through the story again
speaking as a history buff and for myself ofc, but I think its always a treat when your channel covers the roman empire, thank you for your wonderful uploads !
cheers from belgium !
Thank you thank you!! I would love to visit your country one day
So much work. Hope it will be for decades to come
I'm definitely in it for the long haul
Really amazing work! Loved every minute of it. Incredible series
Glad you enjoyed it!
This was a fantastic 7 hour program, thank you
Incredible presentation, kudos to you! Comprehensive and compelling.
:: quickly adds to the watch list :: 😊
I've been on a huge history kick lately and I can't wait to watch the whole video. The beginning few minutes grabbed me!
Let me know what you think when you get to the end of this =)
@@FlashPointHx loved it!
@@ScaryBoomBoomGun wow - you watched this whole thing already?! Impressive
@@FlashPointHx Yep! Had it going while I was working today.
Loved all 7 and a half hours!
Brother , a thousand times Thank you!!. I am from the balkans and the Roman Empire is my weak spot. Listening these 7 hours of your work is really an honor!
You are so welcome! Impressive that you listened for all 7 hours!
watched* ;D@@FlashPointHx
Very edifying exceptionally well researched piece of a very formidable period of ancient and medieval history. Which was pivotal in nurturing and preserving western civilization, an immense contribution to it's current state of today as we all know it. This lengthy documentary corpus replete in rigor to dissect prolific parts of Byzantine empire's history through a multitude of historic timelines is worthy of an audio book status.
Thank you so much for such and awesome comment - you should download Robin’s other 240+ episodes - he’s already up to the 4th crusade
My current book (aside from telling the story of two individuals) also tells the story of the two nations they are from. I love learning the logistics of governing, and this in depth look did not disappoint.
I'm especially interested in the code of law and how it can be applied to the fictional empire in my book. The governing body uses a form of religion (that they know is false) to keep the lower and middle class subjugated, while using a sort of "good'ol boy" system, greased with money and providence to keep the wealthy class from raising any questions.
As you can imagine there are a wide variety of characters, locations, and events (keep in mind the two nations are at war with each other). So doing all of this, while not loosing the reader is a challenge, but one I enjoy.
Pardon me, I tend to ramble when it comes to my projects, but thank you very much for this documentary.
Your passion for your projects is amazing! Don’t apologize for that ever. You may want to reach out to Robin who did the research for this video.
@@FlashPointHx An author who cannot spell a word as simple as 'losing' (not 'loosing') is worth an apology.
Bro just stumbled across this video. I’m a huge history TH-cam fan and this absolutely top tier. Thank you is all I can say ❤
Glad you enjoyed! Let me know what you think of my Punic Wars series
The content is always so well thought out and executed. Great job!
I stopped and asked myself if I wanted to watch an 7 hour and 21 minute video about Justinian…after an entire thought process of rationalizing that lasted a second the answer was a firm “yes”.
@@afull375 that’s hard core
Your video just showed up a few days ago as a top feed. I do watch your channel but have not watched one of your long formats until a few days ago. OK seriously addictive but most of all this is an amazing and very well done long format video. Thanks to you and your team (if you have a team?) on your continued excellence.
Awesome, thank you! Yeah usually I create these solo - but for this series, I teamed up with Robin Pierson
Although i slept after one hour of listening ( because i played any video with over 5 hrs to fall asleep) yet i enjoyed it and will definitely watch it again, but I'll make sure I'll stay up. Thank you for putting the effort for making such a great video ❤
Listen to straight through for the second time..
Brilliant
Wow! 14 hours?! Impressive
@@FlashPointHx addictive topic and awesome production makes it easy.
Someones life story especially Justinians can't be told in 5mins,
Done well squeezing it into 7.5hrs..
🤙🇦🇺
Whelp, this was the first video from this channel I've seen and it was awesome. Thanks for all of the hard work. You've got a subscriber from me.
Nice to hear this! Welcome
Thank you so much for all your hard work and efforts its much appreciated,I thoroughly enjoyed it 😊
It’s 2:30 am. Time to listen to the history of the Byzantine empire and go to bed
May the emperors of old accompany you in your dreams
Game of Thrones, my foot! This is the REAL DEAL! Power and politics and religion and all the other lovely human pastimes! Blood and mayhem all very civilised. Brilliant. And no zombies or dragons needed. Thanks a million.
Wow this is such a gem! Thank you for this upload.
You are so welcome Ulysses - awesome name BTW
Thank you! Not my birth name I'm afraid, but my adopted one and my future son's name :)
@@ulyssesshubeilat it’s a fantastic name. Especially if you’re into history. You’ve seen my video on Shiloh right?
@@FlashPointHx not really. I just subbed to your channel and will definitely watch all of them!
@@ulyssesshubeilatAnd the emperor sent against him a general named Hypatius. And when they fought together, he was vanquished by Vitalian and taken prisoner. And on the payment of a large ransom he was set free. 74. But immediately on his return to the emperor, the latter removed him from his command, and appointed in his room another general, named Cyril, of the province of Illyria. 75. And he also gave battle to Vitalian, and there was great slaughter on both sides. Cyril the general retired into the city named Odyssus, and stayed there while Vitalian withdrew into the province of Bulgaria(Chr., LXXXIX, 75)
Very interesting provinces, at the time of Vitalian, but they are not on the map!
Timestamps
Chapter 1 - 0:18
Chapter 2 - 19:13
Chapter 3 - 45:37
Chapter 4 - 1:10:09
Chapter 5 - 1:40:40
Chapter 6 - 2:03:20
Chapter 7 - 2:29:00
Chapter 8 - 2:55:45
Chapter 9 - 3:27:02
Chapter 10 - 3:59:03
Chapter 11 - 4:27:55
Chapter 12 - 4:54:20
Chapter 13 - 5:15:05
Chapter 14 - 5:54:40
Chapter 15 - 6:20:35
Chapter 16 - 6:45:20
Chapter 17 - 7:03:55
5:41:12 for a laugh.....
@@gomahklawm4446 Heheheh
Fantastic work!
This is definitely a documentary Basileia ton Romaion fans can take on long trips!
this has to be the longest video on TH-cam! bravo, my friend!!
Greatest emperor ❤❤❤
Love the precarious motivating cello music in the background❤
Oh at which time stamp?
Huge compliments! Doing history tours myself, this is absolutely learning for me❤
What kind of tours?
In Istria, Croatia. Im a tour guide and after many years i'm more dedicated to researching the local live history and get never tired of telling it. I call it historytelling,😊
After many months I finally finished watching your very admirable work. I was a little surprised to hear your commentary at the end criticizing Justinian. While I see your point when you contrast him with Hadrian, I also think that his conquests in the West, even the short-lived ones, helped the population that appreciated the remnants of Roman civilization as against Arian barbarian rule. In the end this population ended up either converting and transforming this barbarian element or else falling to a new, Islamic conqueror.
As someone much interested in Church history, I was pleased to learn something from your video. I had always thought that Theodora had manipulated the Second Council of Constantinople, and now I learn she had died several years before. One correction: when you explain about the terms Catholic and Monophysite at the end of the 3rd hour, you say that the Monophysites had not yet been declared heretical; yet they were, at the Council of Chalcedon in 451.
I guess I admire Justinian in that I believe his manipulations of doctrine stayed within the bounds of orthodoxy, as opposed to emperors like Heraclius and Leo the Isaurian, who introduced heresy under the attempt to unify their empires, but who caused far more disunity and damage in doing so. I am very curious as to the religious changes he wanted to introduce at the end of his life. Would I find out about them by reading Procopius? If anyone could help me in this regard, I would appreciate it.
Amazing work on this. Thank you!
So many absolute characters from this time
Good documentary 👍👍👍
Glad you enjoyed it
History addict here!!
Nice! We’re you able to finish this ?
Thank you for the content!
Oh my God this makes me so happy
Thank you for all the effort that went into this!
Hey, my pleasure!
I wish someone would do this for Mike Duncan's history of podcast.
I haven’t reached out to Mike Duncan yet :)
Madness, my friend, is to be kept in the heart... and away from the mind. ☦️
Really digging that first Constantinopolitian inquisition with the public castration of the pederasts. Anyone who wants a better understanding of the Banu Quriza and Banu Kanuka in Arabia should watch this. It's a great pickup for the 5th to 8'th century upheaval and the development of schismatic reasoning. Very, very impressive video.
Thank you, well done. Much more understandable than wading through Julius Norwich’s pedantic prose.
Many thanks!
I have just today finished the Rise and Fall of Constantinople, I'm ready for the next deep dive!
This is the prequel then - enjoy!
What a brilliant documentary!
Hey thanks!
I fell asleep listening to this, had a horrible nightmare about bodies piling up in placea. Woke up and you were on the plague sections.
some people pay for this kind of experience =)
@FlashPointHx very true, and I'm subbingtocthe channel because of it
my watch later playlist keeps growing
Great presentations thank you
What I would give to see that church after it was done and furnished….
To quote Medieval 2 Total War
“If there were any lingering doubts as to the power of the church, they were dispelled once people gazed upon God’s greatest House on Earth…”
Yes please and thank you for your work!
Ironic that the original Hagia sophia is considered a rickety shambled mess while today it is considered one of the most sturdy structures in the world having survived numerous devastating earthquakes over 1000's of years
I love the work you do but the swipe sound effect when anything happens became very grating ^^
Okay, today us the day that I'll commit! Today is the day that I'll show some follow through 😊
6:34:42 going to come bck to this after i fall asleep
Why in the world can't this be the way to teach history in schools. I would've aced every test! Thanks a lot! 👍🏻
Hahah - happy that you liked it so much Reinier
can't read?
@@GooseGumlizzard Clever... Such a sweet and adorable little boy. 😘
ukraine is weak!@@reinier123
I fr be like "dang this is so cool which i was doing this" but then remember "oh wait thats right i am doing a history major" 😭
Ty for the video. I cant put into words how great full I am for you bro.
You are so welcome RJ
2:59:01 that makes complete sense to me. Nicely said.
Well done!
well done - underrated
Astonishing and superb....
Epic, thank you!
You are so welcome!
Great 👌 work!💯💯
Outstanding and beautifully done documentary on one of my favorite East Roman emperors. It's easy as historians or history buffs to evaluate and judge great men of history like Justinian, much like we evaluate and judge our lives hindsight is 20/20. I like how you mentioned that there was no way for Justinian to see the Muslim rising in the 600's. But you did miss something the empire did in fact get a strong leader not too long after Justinian which was Maurice, he actually was brilliant and had actually expanded into persia, But he was assassinated and all he could of accomplished was lost, and then we had another brilliant emperor Heraclius had the Muslims not risen what could have been. Like I said Hindsight is 20/20 which is my problem with modern historians to much armchair quarterbacking. But I liked your analysis I agree with allot of it, I would love for you to cover the life of Manuel I who also was a strong emperor that led the empire at its last peak of power.
Take a look at Robin’s website - he’s got 250+ episodes in podcast audio format. I have my own series called ‘The conquest and fall of Constantinople’ here on YT that starts with Heraclius and goes up to 1204
Are you planning on covering more parts of "The History of Byzantium" Podcast? Please do 🙏🙏
Think I'm done with this podcast for now - But my series on the Conquest and Fall of Constantinople takes up the tale about 100 years after Justinian's death
@@FlashPointHx Ok I'll check that out, thanks for the response!
It's my sleepover, I get to choose the movie
Seven hours of Byzantine history ? Impressive for a sleepover
Hi, I am a Brazilian and learning English. Please subtitle your videos, so I can practice and understand better.
I have tried to do this - youtube does not let me. Their system doesn’t work
How refreshing to be away from the usual you tube trashy vids...
I'm not a"hard core" Roman history buff.I merely enjoy your take on the history of the period...🌹
Happy that you like this - thanks for the rose
the Cleveland Browns are going to the Super Bowl!!!!!
October 21st 1994
Thanks you for this video I totally respect what you do but I use this as white noise and it puts me to sleep in minutes 😭
Great video thank you.
Thanks Dan!
This was almost perfect for sleeping until the sound effects around the 1:18:07 mark 😭
I love that the ERE is getting so much love and attention these days. For a long time Romans basically meant "ended in 476 and oh some weirdo eastern guys kept running around in Turkey for a bit or whatever". No! "Medieval Roman" is a real thing.
no such thing as "Eastern Roman Empire".
if the population was 5% Italic Latins and 90% Greek, why do you consider it as "The Roman Empire"?
Makes no sense to me.
Not gonna lie that explanation on how the flu occurred with the fleas and bacteria was intense.
You should see my video on the Black Death - it basically tells Justinian's Plague to hold my beer
@@FlashPointHx I shall watch it next then good sir, thank you for the recommendation.
Buongiorno a il mondo preghiamo insieme il santo rosario per i bambini malati terminali 🙏