The Byzantine Empire: A Complete Overview
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 30 พ.ค. 2024
- The Byzantine Empire is a complete overview of the Eastern Roman Empire from around the 500s to the Fall of Constantinople in 1453. The video goes over the initial reconquest under Justinian, and the wars with the Sassanids and Arabian armies. Then comes a period called the Byzantine Dark Ages before a period of prosperity in arts, culture, and military under the Macedonians. The decline begins soon after, culminating in the Crusades and eventually the Fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans.
This will be our 8th and final episode in the Medieval World mega-documentary!
0:00 Eastern Roman Empire (Justinian to the Dark Ages)
22:48 Height of the Empire (Macedonian Renaissance)
29:39 Decline (Manzikert, Crusades, Ottomans)
The Medieval World Series:
• Phase 2: The Medieval ...
Welcome to The Medieval World series! This series is meant to summarize broad topics in history and balances political history and events, with social/daily life, and culture. If you've watched our History of the World documentary, this series is a perfect next step. The videos are standalone, but presented in a chronological fashion. The series will be divided into 8 videos about the Medieval Period, which we call Phase 2. Once these 8 videos are completed, we will move onto Phase 3, but this project will be considered completed, and compiled into ONE MEGA-DOCUMENTARY containing all 8 parts.
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The following music was used for this media project:
Music: Lost Time by Kevin MacLeod
Free download: filmmusic.io/song/4005-lost-time
License (CC BY 4.0): filmmusic.io/standard-license
The following music was used for this media project:
Music: Hero Down by Kevin MacLeod
Free download: filmmusic.io/song/3868-hero-down
License (CC BY 4.0): filmmusic.io/standard-license
#worldhistory
#byzantine_empire
#byzantine
#easternromanempire
#greekhistory
#balkans #medieval
Thanks everyone for watching! This is our final episode on the Medieval World for this current project!
Europeans have so much hatred for the Roman Empire and New Rome. The hatred comes from the fact, that New Rome as the capital of the Roman Empire, chose Orthodoxy and not Catholicism. The Europeans out of malice, even to this day, do not call it the Roman Empire but the Byzantine Empire. A name that has NEVER been used for 2000 years by anyone. The Byzantine Empire was coined as a name by an English Historian and was worshiped by the Catholic people.
Do you know that the Catholic Church with the 4th Crusade, attacked New Rome, conquered it and plundered it (1204 b.c.)?
The Capital of the Roman Empire was Orthodox. Did you know this? The Pope destroyed Rome because of the schism. Pope john 4/5/2001 Paul II apologized for this.
New Rome, after the disaster, fell easily to Turkish Islam (1453 b.c.)! And New Rome is still enslaved to this day.
Do you ever believe that the Capital of the Roman Empire would make a mistake in the schism? Why did he choose Orthodoxy? This is the scholar that all Europe even today hates the New Rome, and prefers to see it as a Turkish Istanbul. The Enemies of the Roman empire to the end were two. The Europe of the heretical Pope in the West and Islam in the East. That is why the flag of the Roman Empire has a double-headed eagle facing both the West and the East. This is the Truth, this is the reality
What was there economy at that time what were they doing to keep there Kingdom alive I'm trying to find out we can stretch out our empire beyond 250 years but there's no history on it how did they survive so long
2023! And I wonder how the European peoples have left this city, Constantinople, which was for 1000 years the Capital of the Roman Empire, even under Islam?
The pain of the Pope of Rome shows that Christians have NEVER forgotten New Rome, Constantinople, which was the Capital of the Roman Empire for 1000 years! His heart still beats in the Cathedral of Hagia Sophia!
th-cam.com/video/iTvqrHfnvBU/w-d-xo.htmlsi=W_Z-mTI2GIOKs5wK
"The Byzantine Empire: A Comprehensive Overview of its Rise, Fall, and Legacy in the Eastern Roman World"
🏰 The Eastern Roman Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire, endured for over a thousand years and experienced periods of prosperity under the Justinian Dynasty.
00:08
The Eastern Roman Empire began as the Eastern Division of the ancient Roman Empire.
00:08
Under the Justinian Dynasty, the Empire reached new heights and launched successful invasions against the Vandals and the Ostrogoths.
00:41
Justinian's General Belisarius played a crucial role in these conquests.
01:02
Justinian's codification of Roman law, known as the Corpus Juris Civilis, had a profound influence on Western culture.
03:24
Justinian's reign is considered one of the Eastern Empire's Golden Ages.
05:04
Justinian faced personal hardships, including his love for Theodora, who later became his wife and empress.
05:18
💥 The rise and fall of Emperor Justinian and the impact of his reign on the Byzantine Empire.
05:33
Emperor Justinian changed the laws to allow his nephew Justinian to marry Theodora and become emperor.
05:33
Theodora helped establish churches and monasteries, including a convent for former prostitutes.
05:49
Justinian and Theodora dealt with the Nico riots during chariot races.
06:05
The riots led to the destruction of the city and the burning of the Aya Sophia church.
07:00
Justinian rebuilt the city and constructed numerous buildings, including the Church of the Holy Wisdom.
08:04
Justinian survived the plague of Justinian, which killed one in five people in Constantinople.
08:42
Justinian's successors were ineffective, and the empire faced external threats.
09:36
The Justinian Dynasty ended with a successful army revolt in 602.
10:20
🏰 The Eastern Roman Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire, faced constant threats from the Persians, Slavs, and Arabs, but managed to defend itself with the use of Greek Fire and its well-fortified capital, Constantinople.
11:03
The Eastern Roman Empire established the Herakian dynasty, which ruled for over 100 years.
11:03
To defend against threats, the empire implemented the theme system, combining civilian and military offices.
11:20
The empire engaged in constant warfare with the Sassanids, the most powerful Iranian Empire.
11:41
The Arab expansion posed a significant threat to the Eastern Empire, resulting in the loss of territories.
12:21
The well-fortified city of Constantinople withstood multiple sieges, thanks to its impenetrable walls and the use of Greek Fire.
13:06
The Eastern Empire also faced invasions from the Bulgars, leading to further losses.
14:28
The empire entered a period known as the Dark Ages, with a unique culture and the rise of Byzantine art.
15:18
Religious images and icons caused political instability due to differing views on idolatry.
16:14
📚 The Byzantine Empire played a crucial role in preserving and transmitting Roman law, Greek literature, and Christian culture.
17:11
The Byzantine Empire experienced internal divisions due to iconoclasm controversy.
17:11
The empire lost territories to Lombards and Arabs in Italy.
17:57
Byzantines viewed themselves as inheritors of the Roman tradition and had a centralized government.
18:17
The Byzantines were known for their military strength and defensive tactics.
19:24
Justinian's codification of Roman law became the basis for European legal systems.
20:05
Byzantines acted as a buffer state against Islamic armies and facilitated trade between East and West.
20:24
The Byzantines preserved and studied ancient Greek classical works.
20:32
Procopius and Thucydides were notable Byzantine historians.
20:45
📚 The video discusses the Byzantine Empire's role as a trading hub, the silk trade, iconoclasm, the Fotian Schism, and the Macedonian Renaissance.
21:46
The Byzantine Empire became a wealthy trading hub for goods from the East, with products passing through Constantinople and being traded by Italian merchants.
21:46
The Byzantines had a market for buying and selling slaves, often from Slavic communities.
22:16
Christian monks smuggled silkworms from Asia to the Byzantine Empire, ending China's monopoly on the silk trade.
22:28
The Byzantine Empire experienced the iconoclasm controversy, which involved the banning and reinstatement of the use of religious icons.
22:47
The Fotian Schism in the mid-800s caused a division between the East and West, but was eventually resolved with the fourth Council of Constantinople.
23:43
Emperor Michael III was viewed as incompetent, but his reign contributed to a period of intellectualism and high culture.
24:47
The Macedonian Dynasty brought stability, a revival of classical Greek literature, and a golden age for culture and Imperial power.
25:33
The Macedonian Renaissance saw a renewed interest in classical works, the establishment of centers of learning, and the patronage of arts and education.
26:01
📚 The Byzantine Empire under the Macedonian Dynasty experienced a revival under Basil II, but went into decline after his death.
28:18
Basil II conquered the old Bulgarian Empire and expanded the Byzantine Empire's territory.
28:18
The Varangian Guard, a group of Viking mercenaries, became Basil II's personal bodyguards.
30:32
The Great Schism occurred in 1054, creating a split between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches.
31:15
The Seljuk Turks invaded Anatolia, leading to the defeat of the Byzantine Empire at the Battle of Manzikert.
32:34
📚 The video discusses the history of the Byzantine Empire, including its defeats, attempts at restoration, and conflicts with Western Europeans.
33:07
Emperor Valerian was captured by the Persians in 260, resulting in the loss of Anatolia.
33:07
Turkic migrants settled in Anatolia and formed their own state in 1077.
33:20
The Normans ended Byzantine rule in Italy.
33:29
Emperor Alexius attempted to restore and revitalize the Byzantine Empire.
33:36
The Crusades were launched to take back the Holy Land, passing through Byzantine territory.
34:00
Alexius asked the Crusaders for aid, but they established their own Crusade Estates.
34:31
Manuel saw increased exchange with Western Europe and foreign residents in Constantinople.
35:04
Andronicus I massacred Latins in the city and faced revolts.
36:01
🏰 The Byzantine Empire falls to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 after a 53-day siege of Constantinople.
38:27
Relations between the Byzantines and Western armies deteriorated, leading to the sacking of Constantinople in 1204.
38:27
The Crusaders established the Latin Empire and the Venetians acquired Crete and a trade route.
38:49
The Byzantine Empire was restored in 1261 but was a shadow of its former self.
39:36
The empire faced threats from the Bulgarians, Latin Empire remnants, and the Turks.
40:07
The Ottomans rapidly expanded, defeating the Bulgarians and annexing Serbia.
41:05
In 1453, the Ottomans breached the walls of Constantinople with a massive cannon.
42:58
After a 53-day siege, the Ottomans conquered Constantinople.
43:40
Emperor Constantine XI bravely charged at the Ottoman Army and was the first to perish.
43:47
🔥 The fall of Constantinople marked the end of the Byzantine Empire and the beginning of the Ottoman Empire.
43:52
Constantinople fell to Mehmed and the Ottoman Empire, leading to looting, burning of churches, and enslavement of inhabitants.
43:52
The Aya Sofia was converted into a mosque and became the new capital of the Ottoman Empire.
44:12
The Byzantine Empire, the Eastern Roman Empire's successor, collapsed after 1500 years.
44:18
Orban, the engineer, was believed to be killed during the siege.
44:28
Constantinople had been besieged over 20 times and was only penetrated twice in history.
44:35
The remaining smaller Greek states were conquered by the early 1460s, marking the end of the Roman Empire's political era.
44:53
The legacy of the Byzantine Empire continued through other civilizations.
45:00
The fall of Constantinople marked the end of the Medieval Age and the beginning of the Gunpowder Age.
45:16
Many thanks for your excellent work. I really enjoyed every minute.❤❤❤
Constantine XI died like a true emperor and has my respect.
Last time I was this early the walls of constantinople had not been toppled
lol, thanks for the laugh my friend! Peace
They stood for a thousand years mate. I think you can take your time lol!
🎶It's Istanbul not Constantinople 🎶😆
@@dianecrepeault5423 It's Christ not Allah
@@dianecrepeault5423go and read Hadith how Prophet Muhammad addressed this city..... Go and read
"Η πόλη έπεσε και είμαι ακόμα ζωντανός" haven't felt this melancholic since the West fell apart in 476.
That dreadful day when the Queen of all cities fell to the faithless Asian nomads. The Emperor fell, the Empire fell, all is lost. Sadness.
We should to something about it, let’s organize, i’m down to take Konstantinopolis back🤘🏻
@@ninohergotic1 why with the sybol of satan?
@@aleksandargrujic9000 to je rock’n’roll a ne Satan, znaći idemo u akciju, prijatelju
Taj simbol je hiljade godina starij od rock'n'rolla. I ne nelazukes ga samo u rock'n'rollu nego u svim muzickim stilovima i u filmovima danasnjeg vremena
Well that phrasing isn't at all problematic or riddled with racism.
Flash Point History has an entire series on the Byzantine Empire that is truly fascinating. He does, though, agree with public opinion about Justinian's record versus how mainstream historians portray the Byzantine Emperor
unfortunately for justinian he pissed his historian off so we'll never truly know but he was very clearly a fantastic administrator who was occasionally blinded by ambition
History isn't over ☦
Indeed.
Συμφωνώ, αλλά δεν γίνεται απλά να το λέμε, πρέπει όλη να κάνουμε κάτι για ναπάρουμε την Πόλη.
@@user-xl9fb6gz4u Το πρωτο βημα ειναι το δημογραφικο
@@GeoBBB123Η Τουρκία είναι η κατάρα για την Ελλάδα και η Ιταλία ο παράδεισος
Πώς μπορώ να φτιάξω αυτό τον σταυρό στα μνματα αδερφέ;
The longest lasting state in the world, the last refuge of the old Greco-Roman world, seeing nations rise and fall....it's demise was a sad affair. The capital that was meant to be the first Christian capital of the civilized world...no, no.. Nothing of that should have happened. Tragedy, a real tragedy
The greatest tragedy that ever took place, a great curse is going to happen to those Turks let me tell you.
Cringe.
@@dhimankalita1690 your mother is cringe
@@dhimankalita1690 τσιφτσα ροπ και τσιφτσα ρατσεν
I listened to the History of Byzantium podcast (highly recommend) a few years ago, and from what I gather, the Byzantines had 4 major things go against them:
1. Poor political leadership.
The Byzantines definitely had a few legendary rulers, but they didn’t really seem to have as many as the old Roman Empire, from what I remember. All nations and empires suffer from poor leadership at some point, but to me, they had a lot of bad emperors and a ton of backstabbing. Rome did, too, but there were usually some really good emperors to emerge from the ashes like Vespasian that would right the ship and that happened many times in old Rome’s history.
2. Poor generalship.
The Byzantine Empire definitely had some legendary generals, too, but not that many I remember in comparison to old Rome. I would listen to the podcast and be waiting for the Byzantines to deal a decisive defeat to the Caliphate, but it never really happened outside of repelling the many attempted sieges of Constantinople. They lost way too many key battles throughout their history that the old Roman Empire would usually win. Yarmouk in particular was an absolutely crushing defeat on a scale that old Rome never suffered until the very end. Cannae and Teutoburg Forest were really bad, but both happened against foes that didn’t have the population or political unity to turn them into significant territorial losses for the Empire.
3. Bad luck.
Right after a costly and useless war with the Sassanids, Islam rises in Arabia. They attack both Byzantium and the Sassanids at a time when both were still extremely vulnerable and recovering from the war. The Byzantines lose Egypt and Syria, which were the biggest economic and cultural centers of the Empire outside of Constantinople. Egypt was especially crucial because that meant the primary bread basket of the Empire was now gone. Sassanids are completely destroyed, so Islam gains a permanent stronghold in Mesopotamia and is able to constantly attack Byzantine lands.
4. A disgraceful betrayal in 1204.
One of, if not the worst event in all of European history, was the 4th Crusade in 1204. Troops who were supposed to be going to the Holy Land to fight the Muslims decided instead to loot and pillage the capital city of Eastern Christianity. A truly despicable action that put the final nail in the Byzantine coffin. After that event, it was no longer a matter of if, but when the Muslims would capture the city. What’s amazing is the fact that the city was able to survive another 250 years despite a dwindling population. The city that the Muslims finally captured in 1453 was a hollow shell of its former self.
This video is a masterpiece! Thank you!
What about robot voice?
Thanks for posting.
Just what I needed
To the production crew - thank you for the excellent information
- could you respectfully consider reducing the volume of the “background music” by perhaps 75%. I’m not sure how necessary it is to have the narrator compete with a sound track that only serves as a distraction both in volume but also tempo.
Just a thought.
I didnt notice it until now. It’s not that bad
The music is very good. And is not that high at all.
Roman empire (330- 1453) -a complete overview.
...actually the Roman Empire started with Augustus around 19 BC and ended in 1453 AD. Everything done by the Romans before was the Roman Republic (509 BC - 19 BC) or the Roman Kingdom (753 BC - 509 BC).
@@jamesthefirst8790 not realy. Theoretikly, Byzantine empire starts when konstadinoupolis built (330) and ends when it falls(1453). Thats why on 330 until 1453 the empire became more greek and cristianity.
@@user-xl9fb6gz4u ... actually... there was NO Byzantine Empire... that's a name invented by an 16th century German writer trying to differentiate the Western Roma Empire, Capital Rome, and the Eastern Roman Empire, Capital Constantinople. After the fall of Rome in 476 AD, the Eastern part tried to recover the Western Empire and They were about 70% successful for a couple of hundred years, but after the seventh Century the West was lost. Doimated by German Populations like the Franks, Visigods, Goths and Vandals. Latin was still being used in official documents in the Eastern Roman Empire but then, Greek, the language mostly spoke in the Eastern Roman Empire, started to be used also in Official Documents... The Institutions were the same, the Cities were the same, the Military was the same, Civilized "Roman way of life" was the same... even the population kept calling themselves "Romans" and their enemies kept calling them "Romans"... So, there was NO BYZANTINE EMPIRE and that was a name NEVER used to identify the Easter Roman Empire up to the 16th Century.
Ελληνική αυτοκρατορία οι άλλοι δούλοι μας
More like 1918 or even 1922. The Ottomans were simply another Roman dynasty.
Thanks, enjoyed it very much.
Istanbul still stands to this day. You can still see the Theodosian Walls. Pretty fucking amazing if you think about it. And don't get me started about Rome.
Well Instanbul is MUCH larger than whats left of Constantinople so to say it still stands doesnt give it enough credit, it managed to thrives despite the terrible state it was left in
@@erwannthietart3602every city now is much larger than before, it doesn’t really prove anything
Excellent work here
Glad you enjoyed it!
Free Constantinople.
Yesss!
It’s pretty free
dou you remember ottoman slap?:D
It’s freed in 1453.
@@SercanGunaydnnope it was occupied like Palestine in 1453
Wonderful info 🙂
Thanks for watching!
@@MadeInHistory It is Greek Empire
6:53 "Mobs of people vomited out of the hippodrome" Nice reference! Wikipedia: A vomitorium is a passage situated below or behind a tier of seats in an amphitheatre or a stadium, through which big crowds can exit rapidly at the end of an event.
First, I love your video!
Even quicker than me! Thank you!
Please do the pacific Tui Manu’a, Tu’i Tonga, Te Uri Ao, Hawaii, Rapa and Māori dynasties
Slavic is the English word, taken from the original Slavic languages -Slowiański/Slaviansky and several other variants. It has two meanings- Slovo/Slowo= word and Slava/Slava= glory, fame. In ancient time “Slava” / ”Slawa” meaning “glory”was used as a common greeting.
Very interesting fakts. Thx
History is always written by the victors -- Winston Chuchill Eph 5:6 Ecc 1:9
Yes but when it was no Internet
@@user-bi5jx9ng1r no difference b/c the "victors" are the Rulers reigning over us all peoples they are
the Contollers and to this day these are them ( col 3:6descedants. of Pharaoh Reigning Rulers knowledge and information from the peoples . us of true History today it has reached it's fullness and either a few can see this where as the multitude are totally into the political theater . I'd like to explain to you how interneti s another "tool" the Contollers Eph 6:12 Col 3:6 They use for Propaganizing -- mind ccontrolling people into willing obedience is no differentmoe effective surely for Mass Mind Conrolling people into willingly accepting the surrvelance state contol and contol and surrveilsnce state re the "Victors" and their official narrative of world history,, but too much for s comment box. If your curious .. Go : Fig Informer is a place where I put my watch work . if you you go there @figinfornmer
search keywords: Mason, Oligarchy Political Theater, Propaganda Censorship
you will see much info re: ok God Bless
The heroes fights like Greeks! -- Sir Winston Churchill
@@user-bi5jx9ng1r Nice and true.
Note: What is Sir. the meaning. hint Mason servant of Lucifer 2 Co 4:4 so don't idolze these figures in His Stroy ok God bless @@user-dn6fk4bj2b
Great documentary. Glad to see a video that used the correct name for the empire... The Eastern Roman Empire not the Byzantine empire which was coined about 100 years after the sacking of Constantinople.
Is it an AI voice?
As an *History Buff & Lover* I am in love with these videos you are putting out! Keep up the great work! I recently started playing a game called *"Total War: Attila"* that takes place during the 400AD's when *Atilla The Hun* was born and grew up to wreak havoc on the world and its people, especially Eastern Europe.. I usally play as *The Western Roman Empire* and make an attempt to TRY and hold off *Attila & The Huns* slowly moving towards my provinces belonging to *The Western Roman Empire* and its amazing seeing how historically accurate *Total War: Atilla* is and it got *EVEN BETTER* when I just downloaded the mod called *1212AD* for *Total War: Atilla* and it basically gives you a whole new game that takes place in the *1200s* during the end of the *4th Crusade & The beginning of the 5th Crusade* ... its a complete overhaul for many game mechanics and enitre cities & settlements, making large cities and settlements look a lot more medieval than they did in the vanilla *Total War: Atilla* in the *400AD's* of course the best part is the *Details Of The Armies & Soldiers in the armies...* the amount of *detail the mod developers added to this mod is absolutely insane, from the armies, towns, ports, landmarks and down to uniforms and armor of the individual soldiers on the battlefields* each *Nation/Empire* has their own type of units depending on where the army is recruiting from.... and each of these units have *incredibly accurate and well done uniforms and armor/weapons* if you are a *History Buff & Lover* like myself then you should play *Total War: Attila's 1212AD Medieval Kingdoms* mod/overhaul and its completely free but I believe the developers behind the *1212AD Medieval Kingdoms Mod* take donations if you are will to support to help with making new content and updating the *1212AD Mod* ... even if you do not play video games you should look up videos of *battle gameplay & full campaigns* especially *The Byzantine Empire* videos as you can retake *Constantinople* with the *Nicea* faction and reinstate *The Byzantine Empire* and eventually if you are lucky and good enough, the whole *Roman Empire* all over *Europe*
*I think in some parts of this video you actually use Total War: Atilla's 1212AD mod, since it had so many beautiful constructions of medieval period buildings and the soldiers being so detailed*
There's a common pattern between Alparslan and Attila both inflicted heavy defeats against the Romans in Manzikert and Ravenna respectively and died just the year after at the height of their power
The heavy defeat in Manzikert was dealt by traitors who held critical positions in the Byzantine military.
@@Proud2bGreek1HERETICS!!!
I wish there were more videos and media on the East Roman Empire
and it happened at Easter. How heart-breaking
Great shows
We are about to launch our new online radio station in Perth western Australia and would love to restream your shows, with your permission.
Regards
Michael
101 Media Group
Absolutely. It should fall under fair use but thanks for asking permission
Nicely illustrated history! Although people should perhaps know that you are showing the Hagia Sophia of Thessaloniki instead of the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople while talking about the latter.
Bring her back. I miss the Roman Empire
Wonderful, excellently researched documentary about the Byzantine Empire. Hold fast to your faith, Christian brothers, because King Jesus Himself will soon vanquish all of His enemies and establish His Kingdom over the world.
I checked your video on the Islamic civilization but it seems it have a lot of negative comments is there errors in it?
Yes because everyone hates those guys😂
@@ninohergotic1 what guys?
@@starcapture3040 The infidels
@@starcapture3040the Allahuakbar KaBOooMm 😂
"The Byzantine Empire: A Comprehensive Overview of its Rise, Fall, and Legacy in the Eastern Roman World"
🏰 The Eastern Roman Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire, endured for over a thousand years and experienced periods of prosperity under the Justinian Dynasty.
00:08
The Eastern Roman Empire began as the Eastern Division of the ancient Roman Empire.
00:08
Under the Justinian Dynasty, the Empire reached new heights and launched successful invasions against the Vandals and the Ostrogoths.
00:41
Justinian's General Belisarius played a crucial role in these conquests.
01:02
Justinian's codification of Roman law, known as the Corpus Juris Civilis, had a profound influence on Western culture.
03:24
Justinian's reign is considered one of the Eastern Empire's Golden Ages.
05:04
Justinian faced personal hardships, including his love for Theodora, who later became his wife and empress.
05:18
💥 The rise and fall of Emperor Justinian and the impact of his reign on the Byzantine Empire.
05:33
Emperor Justinian changed the laws to allow his nephew Justinian to marry Theodora and become emperor.
05:33
Theodora helped establish churches and monasteries, including a convent for former prostitutes.
05:49
Justinian and Theodora dealt with the Nico riots during chariot races.
06:05
The riots led to the destruction of the city and the burning of the Aya Sophia church.
07:00
Justinian rebuilt the city and constructed numerous buildings, including the Church of the Holy Wisdom.
08:04
Justinian survived the plague of Justinian, which killed one in five people in Constantinople.
08:42
Justinian's successors were ineffective, and the empire faced external threats.
09:36
The Justinian Dynasty ended with a successful army revolt in 602.
10:20
🏰 The Eastern Roman Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire, faced constant threats from the Persians, Slavs, and Arabs, but managed to defend itself with the use of Greek Fire and its well-fortified capital, Constantinople.
11:03
The Eastern Roman Empire established the Herakian dynasty, which ruled for over 100 years.
11:03
To defend against threats, the empire implemented the theme system, combining civilian and military offices.
11:20
The empire engaged in constant warfare with the Sassanids, the most powerful Iranian Empire.
11:41
The Arab expansion posed a significant threat to the Eastern Empire, resulting in the loss of territories.
12:21
The well-fortified city of Constantinople withstood multiple sieges, thanks to its impenetrable walls and the use of Greek Fire.
13:06
The Eastern Empire also faced invasions from the Bulgars, leading to further losses.
14:28
The empire entered a period known as the Dark Ages, with a unique culture and the rise of Byzantine art.
15:18
Religious images and icons caused political instability due to differing views on idolatry.
16:14
📚 The Byzantine Empire played a crucial role in preserving and transmitting Roman law, Greek literature, and Christian culture.
17:11
The Byzantine Empire experienced internal divisions due to iconoclasm controversy.
17:11
The empire lost territories to Lombards and Arabs in Italy.
17:57
Byzantines viewed themselves as inheritors of the Roman tradition and had a centralized government.
18:17
The Byzantines were known for their military strength and defensive tactics.
19:24
Justinian's codification of Roman law became the basis for European legal systems.
20:05
Byzantines acted as a buffer state against Islamic armies and facilitated trade between East and West.
20:24
The Byzantines preserved and studied ancient Greek classical works.
20:32
Procopius and Thucydides were notable Byzantine historians.
20:45
📚 The video discusses the Byzantine Empire's role as a trading hub, the silk trade, iconoclasm, the Fotian Schism, and the Macedonian Renaissance.
21:46
The Byzantine Empire became a wealthy trading hub for goods from the East, with products passing through Constantinople and being traded by Italian merchants.
21:46
The Byzantines had a market for buying and selling slaves, often from Slavic communities.
22:16
Christian monks smuggled silkworms from Asia to the Byzantine Empire, ending China's monopoly on the silk trade.
22:28
The Byzantine Empire experienced the iconoclasm controversy, which involved the banning and reinstatement of the use of religious icons.
22:47
The Fotian Schism in the mid-800s caused a division between the East and West, but was eventually resolved with the fourth Council of Constantinople.
23:43
Emperor Michael III was viewed as incompetent, but his reign contributed to a period of intellectualism and high culture.
24:47
The Macedonian Dynasty brought stability, a revival of classical Greek literature, and a golden age for culture and Imperial power.
25:33
The Macedonian Renaissance saw a renewed interest in classical works, the establishment of centers of learning, and the patronage of arts and education.
26:01
📚 The Byzantine Empire under the Macedonian Dynasty experienced a revival under Basil II, but went into decline after his death.
28:18
Basil II conquered the old Bulgarian Empire and expanded the Byzantine Empire's territory.
28:18
The Varangian Guard, a group of Viking mercenaries, became Basil II's personal bodyguards.
30:32
The Great Schism occurred in 1054, creating a split between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches.
31:15
The Seljuk Turks invaded Anatolia, leading to the defeat of the Byzantine Empire at the Battle of Manzikert.
32:34
📚 The video discusses the history of the Byzantine Empire, including its defeats, attempts at restoration, and conflicts with Western Europeans.
33:07
Emperor Valerian was captured by the Persians in 260, resulting in the loss of Anatolia.
33:07
Turkic migrants settled in Anatolia and formed their own state in 1077.
33:20
The Normans ended Byzantine rule in Italy.
33:29
Emperor Alexius attempted to restore and revitalize the Byzantine Empire.
33:36
The Crusades were launched to take back the Holy Land, passing through Byzantine territory.
34:00
Alexius asked the Crusaders for aid, but they established their own Crusade Estates.
34:31
Manuel saw increased exchange with Western Europe and foreign residents in Constantinople.
35:04
Andronicus I massacred Latins in the city and faced revolts.
36:01
🏰 The Byzantine Empire falls to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 after a 53-day siege of Constantinople.
38:27
Relations between the Byzantines and Western armies deteriorated, leading to the sacking of Constantinople in 1204.
38:27
The Crusaders established the Latin Empire and the Venetians acquired Crete and a trade route.
38:49
The Byzantine Empire was restored in 1261 but was a shadow of its former self.
39:36
The empire faced threats from the Bulgarians, Latin Empire remnants, and the Turks.
40:07
The Ottomans rapidly expanded, defeating the Bulgarians and annexing Serbia.
41:05
In 1453, the Ottomans breached the walls of Constantinople with a massive cannon.
42:58
After a 53-day siege, the Ottomans conquered Constantinople.
43:40
Emperor Constantine XI bravely charged at the Ottoman Army and was the first to perish.
43:47
🔥 The fall of Constantinople marked the end of the Byzantine Empire and the beginning of the Ottoman Empire.
43:52
Constantinople fell to Mehmed and the Ottoman Empire, leading to looting, burning of churches, and enslavement of inhabitants.
43:52
The Aya Sofia was converted into a mosque and became the new capital of the Ottoman Empire.
44:12
The Byzantine Empire, the Eastern Roman Empire's successor, collapsed after 1500 years.
44:18
Orban, the engineer, was believed to be killed during the siege.
44:28
Constantinople had been besieged over 20 times and was only penetrated twice in history.
44:35
The remaining smaller Greek states were conquered by the early 1460s, marking the end of the Roman Empire's political era.
44:53
The legacy of the Byzantine Empire continued through other civilizations.
45:00
The fall of Constantinople marked the end of the Medieval Age and the beginning of the Gunpowder Age.
45:16
Crazy how “hooliganism” during event competition is already a thing even back then. 😂
*Man I get Goosebumps just thinking about the rumor that Generals/Emperors would take the eyes out from an entire enemy army rendering them completely blind and would only leave their General/Commander with one eye, instead of making them fully blind so they can march their ENTIRELY BLIND army back to where they came from in their lands. I wonder how much evidence we have that this actually happened? I know there are a few texts giving examples of these horrific tactics of rendering an entire army blind besides its one eyed General/Commander... I can't believe that someone went through an ENTIRE army ripping out the eyeballs of 10s of thousands of soldiers smh... so I'm sure this saying was completely unrealistic and embellished... seems like it was meant to be a type of symbolism and not taken literally... Still insane to think about*
The Qur'an includes the Surat Ar-Rum, the sura dealing with "the Romans", sometimes translated as "The Byzantines," reflecting a term now used in the West. These Romans of the 7th century, referred to as Byzantines in modern Western scholarship, were the inhabitants of the surviving Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire. Since all ethnic groups within the Roman empire had been granted citizenship by 212 AD, these eastern peoples had come to label themselves Ρωμιοί or Ῥωμαῖοι Romaioi (Romans), using the word for Roman citizen in the eastern lingua franca of Koine Greek. This citizenship label became "Rûm" in Arabic.
The Eastern Roman, or Byzantine, Empire traced its origin as an institution to the foundation of Constantinople as the new capital of the Roman Empire in 330 by Constantine the Great. The Byzantine Empire survived the 5th century, when the Western Roman Empire fell, more or less intact and its populace continually maintained that they were Romaioi (Romans), not Hellenes (Greeks), even as the empire's borders gradually became reduced to in the end only encompassing Greek-speaking lands.
Nicol 1992, p. ix.
Hellen and Romeos are the 2 ethnonyms of Greeks in history.
Probably in the transition from Pagan to Christianity which lasts about 4 centuries, Romeos became more related to Christian Hellen (Christian Greek).
And became an ethnonym for Greeks in Byzantine era, as Byzantine Empire = Empire of Romeon (Greeks).
There is no "probably" because it is not an organic development. The term Byzantine is a product of propaganda from the enlightenment era, deliberately chosen to ofuscate history. If you do your homework you will discover that the term "West" is also a totally false name, meant to deflect attention away from Christendom. These are fake names, just like Latino, African-American, Caucasian, Latin America, anti-semite, racist, latinx, etc...fake fake fake. They all serve to deflect attention away from the Truth. What you call the West is just American culture, which was different and considered bizzare by Europeans, and it was and it is. What you call Latino are just Hispanics, and Blacks, and Hispanoamerica, these are historic names, the latter were imposed by the empire, Caucasian is the worst one, like from the caucassus mountains, not even remotely English or European. What you call antisemite is really anti-jews, because the rest of the semites in the world are not in it on their con-jobs, but they want you to look away. The word antisemite is itself a conjob. The state of the world today is so full of lies, that everything is fake, even scientific data is faked to satisfy American political objectives. The Romans lasted through history as China did in the east. It lasted as a Christian society for 1000 years. Let that sink in. Thats more than as a republic.
This map is anything but accurate 35:38.
Almost no mention of the foreign affairs of Constantinople with the Bulgarians and the Arabs, which has made the story told here quite shallow. Being the most powerful enemies or allies of the Eastern Romans, the interactions with would explain most of the events in this video. A few years only - 681, 717-718, 811, 865-870, 917, 968, 1185, 1205, 1230.
can you do goryeo please
Second that. Fascinating dynasty
If you add subtitles,it would become more great 😃
8:00 forgot about the slaughter in the hippodrome.
The fourth crusade is one of the earliest examples of European infighting leading to complete disaster. Might add the 30 years war, WW1 & WW2 to it. Europeans killing each other and non-Europeans massively profiting from it. It is vital to learn from such mistakes to avoid further territorial and cultural losses.
Silk mentioned: my grandfather in early 1900's first job was silk in Byzantine Macedonia occupied by the Turks.. He with his older brother made their first small fortune working with it. He told me:' for years at night I didn't know where to put my hands to forget their pain '
you must be 70 years old at least for that to be true filaraki
@@odynhros close, and depends on the age of grandfather and father and if they married and had kids old
@@odynhros also north Greece was ottoman till around 1916
Romans played the most important part of Western civilization . It is amazing that Turkey is able to maintain all this history till this day. One must visit Rome and Istanbul once the centre of the earth
Constantinople**
I think going to Hershey Park is just as good.
Maratha empire history please make video
The background music is disturbing and I didn't continue...
Not bad for a gpt . Impressive most impressive indeed. Please be opened minded enough to question this shared knowledge as if you were a citizen through the ages of ages taught and shared. We are the human race and it's us whom shape history. Everything is in flux. Such is life
I am watching this video from the ancient city wall of Constantinople, in Istanbul Turkey
Free Constantinople
Khosrow II married Maurice's daughter Mariam and named her Shirin. It's mentioned in the book "Experiences of Nations" by Ibn Miskawayh when he talked about the assassination of Khosrow's grandson Yazdegerd III, and also mentioned in the "World Chronicles" by Michael the Syrian without mentioning that Princess Mariam became Queen Shirin. It explains why Khosrow II attacked Byzantines to revenge the execution of his father in law Emperor Maurice, in addition of course to his desire to take Byzantium or at least major parts of it. Which he successfully did in the beginning. Yazdegerd III daughter later married Alhussein, the grandson of prophet Mohammed (PBUH) and her son is "Imam" Ali "Zainulabedin" Ibn Alhussein.
I don’t understand if the walls were so formidable and the ottoman had trouble taking Constantinople how was the city sacked so many times with so many emperor changes
Constantinople was only sacked once (1204), and emperors coming in and out were just a result of the nonexistent law of sucession the empire had
In 1204 the Venetians sacked the city because they were already within the walls of Constantinople. Prior to Mehmet II, no one has ever breached the Theodosian Wall.
The Eastern Roman Empire: A complete overview
Constantinople, Asia Minor, Imrbos, Tenedos and Northen Cyprus must be retaken. #Enosis #MegaliIdea
and the Pontus ... don't forget the Pontus! :)
One day we will take back what it belonge to us.
The world can't afford to buy them, nice to dream :))
@@katipgurbuz6132 If you think that we can't, you are dreaming.
I suggest Greece for a new American state
Thank you for using the term Byzantine and not eastern roman. Byzantine is a label everybody understands in order to distinguish the greek east from the latin west
My request to the owner of the chanel and also to all, help me together ,,----please provide me the names of the religions ( from whole world) who don't believe that each and every soul ( specialy human soul)stays immortal for eternal time & there is no single way to get rid of from existence or feeling for eternal time of souls. ( without Agnostic, Atheist, Humanism and philosophers who believe believe in mortality of soul)
It's my humble request to all
Greece culture is the most beautiful and important culture in human History , greetings from Latin America all presidential palaces in latin america are base on Greek architecture also their Christian Art and values the westerns just copied ❤✝ Constantinople will be Greek and Christian again i assure it
But wait, if the city got reconquered from the Latins, it was successfully invaded 3 times, wasn't it?
The Second Greek Great Empire. ☝️ In this respect, Greece is ahead of all other cultures.
Great content but fuck, an ad every 4 to 5 minutes. I get it, to have great content like this we need ads but JFC, this overkill is ridiculous. Content provider: is this really how you want your work viewed. And ad people, this overkill just makes us hostile toward your company
TH-cam just doing it's very best to have you switch to Premium membership.
🇬🇷🇬🇷🇬🇷☦️☦️☦️
The Qur'an includes the Surat Ar-Rum, the sura dealing with "the Romans", sometimes translated as "The Byzantines," reflecting a term now used in the West. These Romans of the 7th century, referred to as Byzantines in modern Western scholarship, were the inhabitants of the surviving Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire. Since all ethnic groups within the Roman empire had been granted citizenship by 212 AD, these eastern peoples had come to label themselves Ρωμιοί or Ῥωμαῖοι Romaioi (Romans), using the word for Roman citizen in the eastern lingua franca of Koine Greek. This citizenship label became "Rûm" in Arabic.
The Eastern Roman, or Byzantine, Empire traced its origin as an institution to the foundation of Constantinople as the new capital of the Roman Empire in 330 by Constantine the Great. The Byzantine Empire survived the 5th century, when the Western Roman Empire fell, more or less intact and its populace continually maintained that they were Romaioi (Romans), not Hellenes (Greeks), even as the empire's borders gradually became reduced to in the end only encompassing Greek-speaking lands.
Nicol 1992, p. ix.
wrong flag
Its Instabul not Constantinople now. ❤❤
Italian peninsula almost became greek speaking land if Eastern Roman empire succeeded
Byzantine Empire can be an offensive term, please refer to them as the Eastern Roman Empire.
Offensive to whom?! I doubt the residents of the city of Rome would mind… The Eastern Roman Empire transformed into the Byzantine Empire after the adoption of the Greek language over the Latin language in the early 7th century. Of course, they called their Empire “Roman”, but historians have started to use the “Byzantin” name to illustrate the distinction I’ve just mentioned.
@@Gabriel_Dinisov it's a Doom Eternal reference.
"Remember, demon can be an offensive term. Please refer to them as mortally challenged."
@@BaronessAishi055 Thank you for the clarification.
Nonsense, byzantine its offensive, to hide the fact that they were the Romans.
Too many ads
☦️Free Constantinople☦️.
It’s like my daddy used to say.
The more things change the more things stay the same.
Some people really have to work on their pronunciation. They say medieval but I hear mid evil. Meaning it's now the full evil. Could well be. 😜😁😁
Did you mean Eastern Roman Empire?
Thanks to the Eastern Romans for enlightening us in the true Christian faith. I thank them on behalf of all Russian people.
Thank you too !
Being real .
That is why the begining of European new civilisation started with Roman authority aprovement, Slavs to be Enlightened with their alphabet in order to cristianise them .
Is this AI?
Constantinople will rise again and unite the Christian world , God will give us another chance.
please do not mumble - use a person with clear articulation
Explore Golgumbaz
I appreciate you and your Team making history exciting here.
Saddens me that wokeness and political correction is taught. Every country has a great chapter.
Thank you for the lesson of a great Empire.
One word: Seljuk.
What is that a goat? haha
@@damonfeidias Sure. The G.O.A.T.S that currently owns Anatolia. Who did they take Anatolia from?
AI narrator.............
Please call them by what they and their neighbours called them. Its the Roman Empire. The Byzantines were a figment of a German s imagination . It never existed
We call it Byzantine becaose dispaite they called Romans, after 330 it was a greek empire.
@@user-xl9fb6gz4u GREEK EMPIRE!
@@damonfeidias They was spokean greek, the laws was written in greek, the capital(Konstadinople) was a greek city and they was calling the emperor as the emperor "of greek and romans". What are you didn't understand? Byzantine is a part of the greek history.
@@user-xl9fb6gz4uGreek Empire? What stupidity!
@@MrPolinikis In this case agree with you, but this doesn’t mean “Greek Empire “. Please be correct!
Way too many ads
...story of the conquest of Constantinople is always incomplete without mention of a feat by Turks....pulling of lot of small ships over land / hillocks overnight , stealthily , formore than dozen miles, and directly placing them in Golden Horne bypassig blockade by Byzantine large ships. Even Edward Gibbon in his magnum opus , Decline and fall of Roman Empire , attributes a bigger role to this miraculous feat by Turks , during fall of the city.
...wonder how you can skip it ??
While Rome's hostility to Turks dated back to late antiquity particularly against Tengrist Oghuric entities like the Bulgars, Avars, Huns, the arrival of Seljuks marked the begin of a new front against a distinct Muslim powerhouse conquering their way into Anatolia
@MrPolinikis
The London Conference of 1832 was an international conference convened to establish a stable government in Greece. Negotiations between the three Great Powers (Britain, France and Russia) resulted in the establishment of the Kingdom of Greece under a Bavarian Prince. The decisions were ratified in the Treaty of Constantinople later that year.
There wasn't any Greek political entity up to the 1800's when Britain, France, and Russia decided to establish an artifical ethno-state ruled by a German Dynasty to drain Ottoman influence, the previous two millennia of "Greece's history" were spent under continuous Roman-Turkish yoke
he Battle of Manzikert paved way for Crusades and the Turkification of Anatolia which laid the seeds of the Ottoman empire which conquered Constantinople ending Rome and triggering the Age of Discovery which shaped much of the modern world,... A battle can only be this impactful
One day Konstadinople will be not only greek again but will be the capital of greece.
@@user-xl9fb6gz4u Athens will always be the capital. Constantinople we make it a village
@@user-xl9fb6gz4u 🤓
The name Byzantine is not historical. Those people didn't call themselves "Byzantian" and never heard of such a word.
They are Romans of the Roman Empire.
Yes, I know it is hard to digest but it was Muslim Turks that actually ended the once great Roman Empire.
But it is a FACT. 🤘
Turks indeed had a decisive role in triggering historical major events like the Migration Period, Crusades, shaping the history of Balkans, Islamization of Northern India, Age of Discovery as well as ending the Middle Ages with the conquest of Constantinople, fall of the Roman Empire.
Those rats are nothing
Gtfo...bunch of savage nomads taking credit for triggering major world events...so stooopid... the savages only created crisis, and had no control in the response,...gtfo
CONSTANTINOPLE
[CON STAN TI NO PULL]
Roman Empire
Byzantine went to war to recover land taken by Persia. At the end both sides were very weak .
The Moslem arabs , clean both up.
Unfortunate.
There is no The Byzantine Empire. This is very big mistake. There is East Rome Empire. Please teach history rightly.
Can everyone STOP USING the term BYZANTINE EMPIRE? Neither they nor any of their foes ever used the term Byzantine throughout the empire's existence. It's simply the late Roman Empire, or if you prefer the Eastern or Christian Roman Empire. The term Byzantine was invented during the Renaissance long after the empire ceased to exist.
You are correct, the expression “Byzantine Empire” was coined long after the fall of Constantinople. However, you should consider the reason behind the adoption of this name - after Greek became the official language and culture of the Eastern Roman Empire, the said empire ceased to be “Roman” and became Greek. Still, as the empire kept its “Roman heritage” despite its Greek language and culture, calling it Byzantine seems more appropriate than Roman or Greek for that matter.
Ottomans STRONG!!! Byzantrash grease lost because weak!! 🤣🤣🇹🇷🇹🇷💪🏾💪🏾💪🏾
Yanlış bilgi var
Konstantinopolis'in adı 1923 yılına kadar devam etti.
Türkler tüm imparatorluk mirasına sahip oldular ve devam ettirdiler.
Türkler Yunan, Sırp, Bulgar vb. ile evlenmişlerdir. İstisnasız 600 yıldır kadınlar, yöneticilerin yarısı Türk kökenlidir.
Yeniçeriler Hıristiyan savaşçılardır.
Türk savaş gemisi filosu Barbarossa gibi Yunan denizcilerin elindeydi.
Osmanlı devleti 1923'te çöktüğünde, Türkler özgürdü ve Roma 1923'te tamamlandı.
Osmanlı padişahlarına "Kayser-i Rum" deniyordu, halk Türkçe konuşsa da, Konstantinopolis'in yazı dili Latince ve Arapça'nın bir karışımıydı, Osmanlı bir Türk devleti değildi.
Türklerin en büyük pişmanlığı İslam dinine dalmış olmaları, günümüz Türkiye'sinin neredeyse yarısının ateist, deist ve şaman olması, İslam'ın hızla bitiyor olması.
ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΟΥΠΟΛΗ, ΣΜΥΡΝΗ, ΑΜΑΣΕΙΑ, ΕΦΕΣΟΣ, ΠΕΡΓΑΜΟΣ, ΚΑΠΠΑΔΟΚΙΑ, ΜΙΛΗΤΟΣ, ΑΛΙΚΑΡΝΑΣΣΟΣ
Justinian the law giver.....he actually cleaned up the legal codes, litigation was taking decades, there were generational suits in the courts; what Justinian did was cut the laws on the book by more than half, something like 1 million codes and laws reduced to under half a million. The books mentioned here were akin to the guide, an index to the new streamlined legal system.
"Slave" does NOT come from a word "Slav", why are you continuing to perpetrate a racist and xenophobic lie?
I get pretty tired of hearing that as well. Especially when the origin of the word means 'Glory'.
sláva Slovanům
It was an occupying state that was established as a continuation of the political environment that emerged after the Trojan invasion of greeks (Fall of Troy for us) and was finally destroyed by Fateh. Hector's soul was embodied in him. now for the invaders its named Fall of Constantinople. Minor asian natives and their asian and thracian siblings which is called Mixobarbaroi by greeks for tousands of years already established the Ottomans in Bursa. Of course, this situation is explained differently to the world. Because they need new wars. But we took back our lands. Tell the story however you want. Let the invaders know that we will continue to defend our own lands forever. We won't let you into a place that doesn't belong to you.
We don't know if the war of Troy was a historical event. As for the Greeks they were neither invaders nor occupiers, they were settlers. They settled in Anatolia during the Bronze age. Turks originate from central Asian, they obviously had nothing to do with the Trojans, Hector or other anatolians. They were mere invaders and occupiers and a recent addition to the area. You were the invaders and this wasn't your lands so what you're saying is quite ridiculous.
@@gilpaubelid3780 The letter to Vatican written by the Cardinal Isidore (c.1390 - 1462): A Late Byzantine Scholar and Warlord calling Fateh the Conqueror as the prince of Troy at his letter.
The letter also mentions:
Although fifty-three days had passed since the siege, Fateh was not successful […] On the twenty-ninth of May, a little after dawn, while the first light of the day was restricting our side's view, the Turks took action and attacked the city by land and sea.[7]
Cardinal Isidoros repeated the same date in his letter to Pope Nicholas V: “We resisted for fifty-four days […] on the fifty-fifth day […], on the 29th of May […] the city of Constantinople […] was fall down.”
Before the conquest of city, the Spanish Pero Tafur said that when he visited the city of Constantinople in 1437, the word "Turks will take revenge on Troy" was circulating among the people. Kritovulos, the chronicler of Sultan Fateh the Conqueror, states that during the Lesbos campaign, Fateh the Conqueror came to the area where the Troy ruins are located in Çanakkale (Galli Polli) and expressed her admiration for the heroes of the Trojan war and praised them.
ACtually There is no need for any of these. Go to Turkey and examine people's faces. It's doubtful how many people you'll find that look like Central Asians geneticly. This indicates that there is something wrong with what you have been taught. Latest Researches has revealed that the nation in Anatolia that calls itself Turkish people is the only nation that carries Anatolian pool genes. This means that still there are Anatolians across the sea for you.
Gtfo and go back to the gobe desert.
Justianian 1 is Illyrian 🇦🇱 !
Illyrians were tribes, not a nation. The illyrians of Justinian were Latin speakers and didn't live in the geography of modern albania. So albania is appropriating tht whole history of illyrian tribes in the same manner like Bavaria could claim the history of UK, Norway, Austria, Denmark etc.
Doesn't make any sense
Albanians are from Caspian lake, no anything, no schools till 1950s
To call it Byzantine empire is such an insult. The Byzantines did not establish this empire, nor did they structured it, nor did they fought with blood and tears for a piece of land in this world...not it was the Romans who did it, the Byzantines were another Greek tribe that was conquered. They called themeselves Romans, everyone around them called them Romans, the misnomer of Byzantines is of recent origin, they lie to you with words to conceal reality in the open. The objective of the lie is to claim that Christianity caused the collapse of the Roman Empire; where in reality it lived on. The cause of the Roman loss of its western territories, like Hispania, is the invasion of barbarians (Germanic tribes). At that time, the Germans weren't known for logic and engineering, to say the least.
Byzantines were Greeks with Roman citizenship that took under their control the Roman state during the byzantine period. In other words they were both Greeks (ethnic identity ) and Romans (political identity). The same way that an English today is both English (ethnic identity) and British (political identity) or you are both a Spaniard (ethnically) and a citizen of the EU (politically). They called themselves Romaioi (Romans), Graikoi (Greeks), Raikoi (Greeks), Hellenes (Greeks), Helladikoi (Greeks), Romellenes (Roman Greeks). Not only Romans. And everyone around them called them both Greeks and Romans, not only Romans.
"Byzantines" is not a recent term and Byzantines were not a tribe. That's how the Greek inhabitants of Constantinople called themselves both during the ancient period and the byzantine period. It comes from the original name of the City (byzantion). The term just wasn't used for the inhabitants of the whole empire (apart from one/two exceptions).
Greeks didn't establish or structure the roman empire but they were the ones that took it over during the medieval period, continued it and ruled it for 1000 years. The Roman empire transformed in essence into a Greek empire during the medieval period. Greeks were its core and rulers, the ones that "fought with blood and tears" for something that became their state, while ancient romans weren't even part of the empire anymore. Just because both ancient romans and Greeks were citizens of the same state at different historical periods it doesn't mean that these two different groups of people were the same or that the medieval Greek history is the history of the ancient romans. The term Roman changed meaning a lot of times through history and was used by completely different people. What matters isn't the name itself but with what definition it was used each time. And during the byzantine period the term, apart from the definitions that it already had (anyone that was had Roman citizenship/ancient roman/follower of the Roman church) it also came to mean the ethnically Greek (since among the people with Roman citizenship Greeks were the ones that had become the representative ethnic group of the empire) . When Byzantines used the term for themselves they meant that they were Greeks, Roman citizens and Christians. Not that they were the same people as the ancient romans. With this definition (as a Greek ethnonym and as just another word that means "Greek", like Hellenas and Graikos) the term Romios/Roman is used by Greeks today as well.
There is NOT Byzantine BUT ROME! Do not change the history and turn it a PROPAGANDA !!
The Byzantine Empire’s legacy is 100% Greek. Sorry but the only Roman thing left was a name in this empire. The Greeks made it their own empire culturally, religiously, linguistically, geographically and were the vast majority population-wise too
Only Vatican was not Greek and that is very important .
Aprovement for cristianisation for Macedonian was comming from Rome , not from Athens or Tesaloniki .
Cirilo and Methodius arrived in Rome in 868 to take blessings from the Pope the Slav alphabet to be constructed in order Slav Macedonian to be cristianised .
You can count now how many centuries macedonian are Slavs with legal approval of Rome . Onogurian Bulgars just came to grab Province Macedonia and took Slav language and cristianity from Macedonian.
You are right. You talked like a complete genocide and invader. Because to you everything should be 100% Greek. pluralism or multiculturalism is unacceptable to you.