How We Mapped the World Before Satellites
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 6 มิ.ย. 2024
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How did we make maps before we had planes and satellites to look at our world? Turns out some of the solutions were even more creative than I would have thought...
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📖 SOURCES:
www.britannica.com/science/ma...
www.gislounge.com/mapping-thr...
www.thoughtco.com/the-history...
www.icsm.gov.au/education/fun...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History...
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I didn’t realise this video was a couple seconds old when I clicked on it
Best summarised content about the how we mapped the world before satellites, thanks man
I clicked it i didn't get anything
I bought your patreon !
Wow this video is fantastic. Every line is a point. Your channel deserve more subscriber. According to my account your channel is the best channel on TH-cam I liked your channel very much. Your channel is my favourite .I liked your all videos. Please keep up this type of work in future please. Your all videos are stunning. I am your old subscriber from 500 subs
But can you please make a video on Skanderbeg?
Imagine calculating how big of a sphere the Earth was thousands of years ago, then plopping your rough map of the known world on it and seeing how much blank space there was left. Would’ve blown my mind and really pushed my curiosity to the limit to think of what was on the other side of the world. Or even just a little past my map edge.
Probably similarly in the future they'll try to imagine our perspective with respect to the universe, since we know so little of it.
And for people to claim the world is flat a few hundred years later.
@@scholaroftheworldalternatehist hopefully.
@@ReportsOnChina few thousand *sad panda
@@ReportsOnChina yep cnuts
I'm guessing we crafted it in a crafting table and opened it where it magically filled out
*wheeze.
Map(1)
That's right
Well, you left out the part where you had to walk all over the place to fill it out. (Somehow, though, mining below ground tells you exactly what is above.)
@Anchovey minecraft
Hey, a slight error I (an astronomer) want to point out: due to a phenomenon known as the "precession of the equinoxes", Polaris actually wasn't the North Star 2000-ish years ago. Instead, the star Kochab (or Beta Ursae Minoris, ie the second-brightest star in Ursa Minor, the brightest being Polaris) would've been used due to it's similar brightness and far closer proximity to the northern celestial pole at the time. The position of the north celestial pole slowly shifts in the sky, and the star designated the "north star" changes with it.
this is absolutely mental and had never previously considered it
i always knew the 'true' and magnetic poles changed, but i had never correlated that to mean that then the northernmost star would not necessarily be Polaris
That makes sense
@@aiocafea This has nothing to do with the movement of 'true' and magnetic poles. It's a result of the precession of the Earth's rotational axis.
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pole_star
This also causes the Zodiac wheel to shift about 1 degree every 70 years or so. The tropical Zodiac is defined as twelve 30-degree segments on the sky, with the Sun entering the first degree of Aries on spring equinox. At the time, these segments corresponded roughly to the constellations themselves, but this has since changed. So even though most Western astrologers will tell you that right now, the Sun is in the 21 degrees Cancer, if you were to look at the sky, the Sun is actually in the constellation of Gemini (27 degrees Gemini). In about two centuries, the zodiac signs and the constellations will have shifted a full sign over. Astrology which accounts for this shifting is called sidereal astrology and is common form of astrology in India.
While the scientific community cares little for astrology today, it is important to the history of the discipline as astrology and astronomy only parted ways about four centuries ago.
At 3:35. Sun beams should be parallel, and wells should not. Not vice versa! I'm a little astronomer myself :)
"The Romans didn't have _superspecific_ borders."
Did you guys hear that, Rhine and Danube?
_Get down from that wall, Hadrian!_
i mean there were some roman fortifications on the other side of the rivers that were sort of exclaves to protect the border.
superspecific meaning like the korean DMZ
"Hadrian's Wall" was far from superspecific, it was mostly used to order the traffic flow to collect tolls at certain points and limit migration from the north. Also, there were several fortifications throughout British Roman history at various locations.
I was more referring to places like the Persian border, where there weren’t as many natural features to use
@El Dimos Karam - They aren't. Provincials are not citizens, also that slave trader is offering a good prize for those weirdos living "in a bridge", finally there are no permanent bridges at border rivers, lest the barbarians cross them.
*in a shitty french accent* "I wanted some details like villages and rivers, not just fucking triangles"
Louis the 16th probably
I read it in french accent and i died laughing 🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣
Im french🇫🇷😋
Map men map men map map men men
One of the best map men episodes
"Coming in all shapes and sizes"
Most maps that are flat: sweats nervously
0:10 oh, wow..savage right off the bat!
I actually think it looks incredibly accurate, given how hard it must've been, how few tools they had, how many (conflicting) reports they must have had, how long the travel used to take, etc. etc.
Have you cleared the "Checkmate" catchphrase with Atun-Shei?
Yeah I let him know about it
Yes but have you cleared it with the medieval Persians who coined the phrase ‘shāh māt’ (شاه مات) meaning ‘the king is defeated’ or ‘the king is dead’ which went on to become the origin of ‘checkmate’ in English and its equivalent in most other European languages?
@@ThatBernie I think they're dead
"It almost looks like an American drew it"😂
as an American, I am ashamed of my countrymen's lack of understanding of the world
@@ecurewitz
We have people like that too so don't worry you're fine.
@@mirzahamzabaig5667 thanks. But there is an overabundance of them here in the states. Many of my fellow Americans are quite proud of thier lack of education
@@ecurewitz I am also ashamed of my people's lack of understand of geography. Though, drawing a map is a lot harder then knowing a map.
Im an American. I remember a few years ago and i was like 12 or 13 and I watched a video of adults trying to name countries. I got (almost) all of the countries correct, and I was amazed that someone probably 10 years younger could have such better results.
I'm so early, the ink on these maps hasn't dried yet.
A day when KhAnubis uploads is a good day
Flat earthers: **demonic screaming intensifies**
We all know the two wells experiment was faked using CG by nasa.
Reeeeeeee
I can't believe Amogus is a real vernacular term to stand in place of "Among Us" now.
what
Rajkhan Muhammad Nur 1:58
sus
Like 14 seconds in and I'm laughing so hard at, "In fact to our modern eyes it almost seems like an American drew it." Like, it's so painfully true in most cases.
Except when they have a world map on their wall.
Thats too good for an american he would probably draw it as a couple of blobs
@@a_bone_in_the_ocean2276 i could probably do it
Imagine if he said it looks like an African drew it or an Middle Easterner or someone from China.
Laughs all around, amirite?
@Federal Bureau of Investigation I mean, I did say in *most* cases. Not everyone falls in there. I know a foreign politics major from the US, and they're capable of labelling basically every UN country when given a map. I'm not sure if they could draw it themselves though.
I was hoping you'd refer to portolan charts, which dominated navigation in the Middle Ages (1200s-1500s) and were incredibly accurate (2-3% error). These were not allegories (like academic maps were), but rather used for practical navigation by merchant captains in Mediterranean and north Atlantic for three centuries. These charts rest entirely on dead reckoning (compass bearing and distance sailed), and are gridded by rhumblines (not latitude-longitude). The rediscovery of Ptolemy in the 15th C. was actually a step backwards, and charts actually got worse (20-25% error) before becoming better again later.
Also, astronomical navigation had not yet developed in Europe (it existed on land, but land-based instruments were pretty hopeless on billowing ships until the development of the maritime astrolabe in the 16th Century; besides they were not useful in the Medieval era where latitude & longitude concept were unknown to sailors). As late as the 1490s, Columbus's journal, for instance, records only bearing & distance. His only astronomical measurement was made on land after his arrival.
Astronomical navigation was used the middle latitudes (Indian Ocean Arabs and Pacific Polynesians) , where compass bearing can be read on the rising and setting position of stars which fall vertically on the horizon, but not in northerly latitudes of Europe where stars rotate more directly above and hit the horizon at oblique angles.
Almost all Medieval European navigation was done with eye firmly on the needle, not scanning the skies. And it is from the needle data (bearing & distance only) that portolan charts were constructed.
But those Middle Age maps didnt use lat/lon data (numbers) as Ptolemy used, they were just copying by drawing and were thus more prone to cumulative errors. This rediscovery definitely was an advancement. Its not about accuracy of data, its the method: collect and store data in numbers, then render maps as a separate phase, in required scale.
I absolutely love this type of content, thank you Khanubis
love the video! honestly really interesting on the build up of how everything began to be mapped up back then.
The real question is how did everyone agree to orient the map from north to south?
The answer lies within the question - 'to orient'. It wasn't always the standard - placing East on top used to be popular. Eventually the standard was settled on North, influenced by the Ptolemy map.
Due to the polar star, it is the "only" star in the sky that doesn't move and it always point north. Even after the invention and widespread use of compass people still used the polar star to localize
No they didn't always, the convention of having the North at the top is only a couple of centuries old and due to European colonialism. Ancient maps would as often than not be orientated East West along the axis of the path of the sun.
@@danielguy3581 There is only one proper ORIENT-ation. It means _Eastern_ orientation. _Ex_ _Oriente_ _Lux._ 東の光。 _Azuma_ _no_ _Hikari._
An interesting fact, is that in Portuguese (as probably in other romance languages too) besides having the word 'oriented' and 'disoriented' (orientado/desorientado) we also have 'norteado', 'desnorteado' which have exactly the same meaning and mean 'with a north' and 'without a north' respectively, just like 'oriented' and 'disoriented' mean with and without an east.
Those After Effects animations are looking sweet my guy!
"An adventure is only an inconvenience rightly considered. An inconvenience is only an adventure wrongly considered"
- G.K. Chesterton
Was half expecting Dixie to play when you said checkmate Copernicus
"To our modern eyes it almost looks like an American drew it."
I'm sure even though it's almost 2000 years since Ptolemy made his map, 99.999% of Americans can't make a better map. 😷
Many of the best modern maps available including Google maps/earth are made by Americans 😶
@@Anonymous-cm8jy Those are satellite based maps, so not exactly a fair comparison.
@@Anonymous-cm8jy Satellite maps don't count
That's like tracing a still of Goku and saying "look, I can draw DBZ"
Tbf 99.9% of people couldn’t make as good a map regardless
I understood the joke but I'd like to know how far it is true. I mean, we have people who are bad a geography everywhere, but most people would still drew better maps in the USA, right? I don't believe their education system can be that wrecked.
Great content! Love your channel! Cheers from Brazil!
This is the top questions revolving around my mind from past few months
You honestly deserve more subscribers!! Really enjoying you videos.
Next video idea: the history to the moon from the wheel to the moon
Always love your informative videos
I learned something today. Thank you!
"almost looks like an american drew it"
Hey! as an american i.....oh who am i kidding, you're right *sad american noises
7:20 did you just channel atun shei??
This one was super interesting man! I love these sorts of ancient history origin type videos. Keep up the excellent work!
Stay well out there everybody, and God bless you friends. :)
Hey thanks! I really enjoy making these documentary-style videos as well (they take a lot of effort to make but they're the ones I'm by far the most proud of)
@@KhAnubis I would say the pride is well-felt. Funny, cleanly put together, informative; what more could we ask for right?
Thanks for this topic Khanubis. I always wondered on how did they map the world during those times.
I'm a patron now, luv ur vids
This is a question that was ALWAYS on my mind, even as a kid in Nigeria. I loved Geography in secondary school and I always wondered how maps were made before flight or satellites.
0:25 Chad Sri Lanka
Damn that sure is a big boy Sri Lanka
Chad-robana
Chadylon
I've never laughed at an ad promo😂 well done
Amazing video, thank you
Thx. I always wondered how they did it
This video helped me quite a lot to understand about maps.As i am working on a novel which is about a categrapher.It's really difficult to understand the maps but guess it will take time.
when the roman empire made most of the maps at the time we can see italy at the center of the map, then the portuguese became the dominant cartography maker in the world and thats why when we look to a map portugal is in the center of it, still today, because portuguese mapped most of the entire world we know it today.
I thought London was the centre.
@@sainttesuque7940 London is situated slighty north of the map, and if you are refering to the GMT timezone well Lisbon is also in the center of timezone
@@Luzitanium depends on the map and protection. the middle of the map is London. that's where the half way point is. everything left of London is west on the map, and everything to the right is west.
@@sainttesuque7940 seems you arent able to point Lisbon on a world map, its much more centralized than London.
@@Luzitanium it really isn't. Portugal isn't even in the centre.
Yes sir we'd love that video you mentioned!!!
"as any mapmen fans amogus would recognise" KHANUBIS SUS
when the imposter is sus
When the edutuber is sus
fussy my sussy
Wonderful, I will show my students!
Beautiful video
I've still have no idea how maps were made after watching that. For example when James Cook mapped the east coast of Australia and all of New Zealand how did he do it? The maps were so accurate, particularly around the Barrier Reef, they were still in use pre GPS. Standing on a boat miles offshore in 1770. How was it done?
I want to know too
The "Checkmate, Copernicus" Sketch got me. Great work!
Love it!
Been wondering this for a long time
Eratosthenes is the definition of big-brained.
To relax after a hard day of work, some people go to a bar, others play sports. Me, I watch videos about ancient map making. Life is good.
hey, the T and O map was AWESOME! :D
7:28 was that an Atun-Shei films reference?
I loved it! I'm a retired forester, who has taught map & compass skills (+GPS) for REI for a number years and am fascinated by mapping. So I never saw the small board on a string method before. I'm guessing the string is the top of an isosceles triangle and is attached to the board at a right angle. I assume the angle where the string is at ones face is the latitude? Blessings.
you make it fun to watch the skillshare part of your video!
You are amazing youtuber!
And you are cute lol
"Did you notice how good all the animations in this video were?"
Me who was just listening to it while drawing: 👁👄👁
This is so interesting
as a Greek they never taught us about this, expect the sky method
the polynesian map is so cool!
1:59 AMOGUS
Great video - GEOGRAPHY NERDS OF THE WORLD UNITE!!!
That was just about the best Patreon plug I've ever seen
Thank you
I'm sorry to tell you that but that's a very interesting and great video.
Nice job finishing your video before the heatwave hit hard lol its been a terrible time for crunch work...
@KhAnubis request what that book was that mentioned a fertile river in Australia?
What's that wood picture at the beginning? Looks like walnut - very nice.
this the video that i most wait
I love How everyone buys this so easily …in addition start to turn against each other…a classic as in “the last supper”
How the heck did I just now discover this channel? Subscribe button friggen SMASHED.
Awesome video! What is the book called you had in the video @8:25
Oh yes, it’s called The Phantom Atlas by Edward Brooke-Hitchings
at 2:00 did you really mean to say amogus
Yep
kh the SUSSY IMPOSTA
7:27 appreciate the Atun Shei reference. Can we expect more "Checkmate X" in the future?
What out for that Skill Share logo. It'll hit ya when ya least expect it.
Hi 🙋♀️ this is a really nice 👍🏻
0:10 - funniest thing I've heard all day.
Hahaha love the Atun-shei reference
Does anybody know the name of this map? 4:17
It's aisa map
The map at 0:53 is of the Dorset coast I believe?
And then there were those who for whatever reason decided "we don't feel like going any further so we'll just go back and pull something out of our ass." (cough cough Island of California cough cough)
Are you from Hawthorne NJ?
"as all you map men fans amogus will know"
I like the checkmate linconites reference
Considering the level of technology involved it is really quite accurate.
I like your videos... especially like the tribute to Atun-Shei. Cute.
You should check out David Thompson, He mapped most of western Canada very accurately way back in the late 1700's to early 1800's.
6:58 what's the beginning of this? the only part i can't understand is the one before com
Patreon
The checkmate cinematic universe is expanding
9:12 guy totally meant to put a huge ink blot in his journal lol
6:12 Polaris sould actually be more to the right, since earth is tilted plus it wasn't always as close to the celestial north pole as it is today
Great video very unique and creative 👌
7:27 nice reference
I never noticed how tilted italy is unitl I looked at all maps where italy is almost completely sideways
Im jealous of that schcolar that was like ok my nutty snack bar is done now to head back to one of the old worlds wonders which is also interactive.
Cartographers always amaze me. I can't do this in 21stC no matter how long you train me.
0:10 *yakko's world in a heavy american accent plays while gunshots can be heard in the background while a 'karen' yells "I know countries!"*
9:31 is the map upside down?
Anubis was the name of the stealth ship from The Expanse
Sri Lanka is highy magnified in World's first map.
So they did it bcs it's well known.★
6:58 In case anyone couldn't pause and squint hard enough to figure it out, it's the patreon link for KhAnubis.
03:36... this is what I do not understand,,,because they did not have the communications, nor the extremely accurate clocks to measure the angles AT THE SAME TIME, and so, how did they do it?
What is the source of the electoral map at 0:47? MN hasn't had 9 since 1900 and back then AZ, OK, and NM weren't even states yet.
By hand!