If you go to First Aid USMLE Step 1 and get to this section all I read was blah, blah, blah. But with you WOW!!! Thank you!!! You made it so much easier to understand. After 12 years practicing as a general surgeon in Mexico and now having to take my steps its not easy going back to basics. Gracias!
i feel like you should have specified when and how bilirubin becomes unconjugated to being conjugated instead of just using bilirubin throughout the video, but thanks the video was helpful
Your videos remove the imposing/intimidating dimension of biochem and just go straight to the point where it's easy to follow each step without forgetting all over what each moment was about.
Thank you for the nice lecture! I love your videos and really learn a lot from them. Maybe you could answer these questions I got regarding this topic. From what I've gathered, bilirubin is metabolized in the intestine bacteria who unconjugate bilirubin and it goes back to its original structure. Then they metabolize bilirrubin down to urobilinogen and then it is either excreted as stercobilin or reabsorbed and only some of this reabsorbed part is excreted in the urine as urobilin. So I have 3 questions: 1 - Why is only urobilinogen reabsorbed? (i.e. in the absence of obstructive jaundice, there is never conjugated bilirubin in the blood unless there is backflow of bilirubin from the bilicanaliculus down to the common bile duct; and to the best of my knowledge we can't reabsorb unconjugated bilirubin and its metabolites except urobilinogen). Presumably, unconjugated bilirubin is not able to diffuse tissues despite being unpolar because it's too big but do we have a specific receptor for urobilinogen? 2 - Why don't we excrete stercobilin in the urine and urobilin in the stool? Is there different enzymes for both that are differentially expressed by bacteria and human tissues? It is also interesting that we seem to be able to metabolize urobilinogen into urobilin but only bacteria can metabolize conjugated bilirrubin down into urobilinogen. 3 - What pathways do we use to transport and metabolize urobilinogen back into conjugated bilirubin in hepatocytes? (Because although human cells cannot produce urobilinogen, it is well recognized that through enterohepatic circulation, the majority of urobilinogen reabsorbed via the portal system is reconverted into conjugated bilirubin.)
Dear JJ Medicine Your way of explaining is marvelous, from your video my confusion is cleared now , but kindly please tell me that from where you read this text that ( when RBCs/Erythrocytes disintegrates/ ruptures / splits then hemoglobins hemoglobins will be comes out from Erythrocytes) I mean say that please sheer book name / website address because I want reference because from your video my half work is done but half will be done after attain reference . Regards wahm farad
I try to deliver hemin through nanoparticles form to kill cancer cell....but it does not induce toxicity. Why it does not induce toxicity in the form of nanoparticles form????.. Please reply
Ah. Such a relief. Learning biochemistry can't be more clearer than this.
this seamlessly summarized an hour long lecture. God bless you sir
If you go to First Aid USMLE Step 1 and get to this section all I read was blah, blah, blah. But with you WOW!!! Thank you!!! You made it so much easier to understand. After 12 years practicing as a general surgeon in Mexico and now having to take my steps its not easy going back to basics. Gracias!
haha!!! ur "blabla" made my day
i m not a person who usually visit comment box but your effort made me do so. doin gr8. stay blessed sir
I'm a second year med student i found very useful to understand the basic mechanism and to get familiar with the terminology thanksss
How difficult would you say medicine is? Is it a massive jump from school?
I'm a 1st year medical student and I REALLY ENJOYED this video! you did a great job! Thanks so much!
Dang finally someone who can explain this in a way that makes sense!! You're a lifesaver bro. Great vid
This was by far the most easiest video made on bilirubin metabolism.......loved how simply sir explained it❤❤❤
I am studying a+p and this is a little more in-depth than we need to know but actually super interesting
Excellent guide and video !!!
Thanks sir from your video my confusion is clear now.
GREAT ANALYSIS SIR 👍 👏
Thank you so much❤️
i feel like you should have specified when and how bilirubin becomes unconjugated to being conjugated instead of just using bilirubin throughout the video, but thanks the video was helpful
Thank you , a summary of 3 hour class
i love the extra info that you added sir. thankyou it was very helpfull
Your videos remove the imposing/intimidating dimension of biochem and just go straight to the point where it's easy to follow each step without forgetting all over what each moment was about.
I really appreciate the class
Thank you for the nice lecture! I love your videos and really learn a lot from them. Maybe you could answer these questions I got regarding this topic.
From what I've gathered, bilirubin is metabolized in the intestine bacteria who unconjugate bilirubin and it goes back to its original structure. Then they metabolize bilirrubin down to urobilinogen and then it is either excreted as stercobilin or reabsorbed and only some of this reabsorbed part is excreted in the urine as urobilin.
So I have 3 questions:
1 - Why is only urobilinogen reabsorbed? (i.e. in the absence of obstructive jaundice, there is never conjugated bilirubin in the blood unless there is backflow of bilirubin from the bilicanaliculus down to the common bile duct; and to the best of my knowledge we can't reabsorb unconjugated bilirubin and its metabolites except urobilinogen). Presumably, unconjugated bilirubin is not able to diffuse tissues despite being unpolar because it's too big but do we have a specific receptor for urobilinogen?
2 - Why don't we excrete stercobilin in the urine and urobilin in the stool? Is there different enzymes for both that are differentially expressed by bacteria and human tissues? It is also interesting that we seem to be able to metabolize urobilinogen into urobilin but only bacteria can metabolize conjugated bilirrubin down into urobilinogen.
3 - What pathways do we use to transport and metabolize urobilinogen back into conjugated bilirubin in hepatocytes? (Because although human cells cannot produce urobilinogen, it is well recognized that through enterohepatic circulation, the majority of urobilinogen reabsorbed via the portal system is reconverted into conjugated bilirubin.)
Good presentation
In 6:15 you mention that bilirubin is oxidize to urobilinogen but its reduced and not oxidize.
Thanks sir that's was really awesome
the discoloration of the bruise was questionable to me ! thank you for your simple explanation and the interesting information
perfet ,keep it up man
Thank you so much .. that helped me alot!
Thanks for this video!!
this is awesome !🤩👏
Dear JJ Medicine
Your way of explaining is marvelous, from your video my confusion is cleared now , but kindly please tell me that from where you read this text that ( when RBCs/Erythrocytes disintegrates/ ruptures / splits then hemoglobins hemoglobins will be comes out from Erythrocytes) I mean say that please sheer book name / website address because I want reference because from your video my half work is done but half will be done after attain reference .
Regards wahm farad
Very very very helpful videos !!! 👍
Awesome! Thank you!
Very helpful♥️
Really good video
Amazing!
This is really helpful. Thank You ☺️
Great video, thanks for that 😀 👍
Great video!!!!:))))
Helpful,
thanks.
Very helpful thank you 😊
Great information thanks
I try to deliver hemin through nanoparticles form to kill cancer cell....but it does not induce toxicity. Why it does not induce toxicity in the form of nanoparticles form????..
Please reply
Thank you so much, much appreciated
Thank you it was awesome!
great.god bless you
woooow.... thank you very much
Thank you for this video, sir.
Cool!!! Thank you so much
Perfect,thank you
what would high ferritin and high bilirubin mean? also normal to high hemoglobin!
Can i make screen shots of some images of this vedio and use it to teach my students in the class?
I seek ur permission please.
Tons Of Thanks 😍
it helped thX❤
Thank you so much!
thanks , it was great
You're the best!
is heme catabolism, heme metabolism and heme degradation the same thing?
heme catabolism=degragation are both subgroup of heme metabolism
This video is a very informative and easy to understand. Thank you very much.
Glad it was helpful!
Thanks
that was great
Amazing
How is hemoglobin converted to heme?
carl suntay by hydrolysis.
Thnx for ur hlp...
Thank you.
thanks a lot
❤❤
❤️
I LOVE YOU NO DIDDY
Thankkk youuuu
IT's Fe3+ not Fe2+
no it’s Fe2+ it’s stated in lippincott too
it's urobilin not stercobilin