Construction of Hadrian's Wall started in 122 AD, not in 1101 AD as shown in video. Though I guess it could be useful for the Normans. Sorry, I've no idea how I've missed this mistake.
LoL! I was like wait.. one 1101 AD is a lot more than a few decades, and two the (western) Roman Empire had long fallen by that point. No worries though, awesome video as always. I love watching these when i dont know anything about the battle, its kind of suspenseful not knowing who is going to win. And you do a great job of portraying the battles in a way that makes it seem like anything could happen, even in the face of certainty.
@@alexanderthegreat445 Oh. Didn't know the last part. Pretty fascinating. And yeah, he seems cautiously confident - efficient. Cold and calculating to the core. Doesn't make one step in excess of what's needed for the job. A true Roman :')
Rex Galilae Yep, but his name ‘Agricola’ means ‘the farmer’ which is a nickname I have mixed feelings about but it sounds good in Latin so I guess it’s ok.
This battle is one of those that shows just how powerful the Romans were when they were led by competent leaders. Julius Agricola planned everything to the letter, and everything went exactly as he had predicted. He didn't even have to use his second line! Talk about overwhelming power. And that's not even counting the rest of his campaign that went on pretty much flawlessly.
Romans rarely lost a battle after enough preparation. Downfall of the empire was mostly inner struggle (WAY too many usurpers) and vast borders being attacked by too many foes at the same time.
That's leadership, it's hard to say how well a group of legionaries would perform on their own. When Caesar "invaded" Italy he had a single legion with him and Pompey still ran away despite having more men. Within something like a month he'd defeated all of Pompey's supporters in Italy. Caesar crushed the Gauls and the Germans in his campaigns, he then used Gallic and Germanic cavalry to great effect in his later battles showing that these guys were good soldiers, just came from cultures where military strategy was inferior.
Evolution is a lie. There is abundant evidence that disproves the absurd theory of evolution. First of all, there are zero transitional species. There is not a single species which is a transition between two kinds of living things. Every single "transitional" fossil presented as evidence of evolution has been debunked. For example, Tiktaalik is not a transition between fish and land animals. Tiktaalik is simply a fish. For another example, Archaeopteryx is not a transition between reptiles and birds. Archaeopteryx is simply a bird. Secondly, there are zero transitional organs. There is not a single organ which is a transitional form between two different organs. For example, lungs supposedly evolved from swim bladders. And yet there is not a single organ that is a transition between the swim bladder and the lung. Third, there are zero transitional organ systems. For example, there is no organ system that is a transition between the respiratory system of a fish (which uses gills) and the respiratory system of a land animal (which uses lungs).
@@tylerb9877 yes there is. Humans and apes have a common ancester. Though I personally don't like how apes are suddenly classed as humanoids we are primates. As for what I'd class as humaniod, there has been many but all but us are extinct. The reason Darwin came up with TTOE is because its fucking obvious. Basically it's the environment that shapes what form life will take. If that enviorment changes for whatever reason then the life form will either go extinct or it will evolve to survive its new enviorment. Our species is very successful because we developed complicated brains and complicated social groups. We did this because our very survival depended on our intelligence. Pope John Paul 2 was a believer in evolution and like him I don't get the contradiction in a form of religious faith and the science of evolution.
This was neither a victory nor a defeat. They were stopped however, and soon left never to return. Please see my comment above for my take on these events.
boggleroggler that’s actually a myth... the ninth continued to serve against the parthians way into the 4th century AD. Learn your history my friend...
@boggleroggler I believe there is archeological evidence of the in the 3-4th century. I read this book by Adrian Goldsworthy: Legions of Rome. And believe me that guy spits straight facts.
@boggleroggler I believe I was mistaken about the location of where this battle tool place, but Bennachie certainly does have remnants of a settlement at the top. I have climbed bennachie multiple times and have witnessed the remains with my own eyes
"This island is SICK of being invaded by Europeans! First the Romans, then the Saxons, and now the Danes! For God's sake, who's next? The bloody Normans?"
I'm actually a little surprised from the lack of content concerning the 380-400's. The amount of war and death around that time is astonishing really. Hopefully soon!
I always liked Gibbon's assessment of Roman involvement in Scotland: "The masters of the fairest and most wealthy climates of the globe turned with contempt from gloomy hills assailed by the winter tempest, from lakes concealed in a blue mist, and from cold and lonely heaths, over which the deer of the forest were chased by a troop of naked barbarians."
I like this description " corrupt and immoral slave trading, rapist paedophiles get chased from Scotland and have to build a wall to protect themselves." I personally believe that a lot of Roman history is bullshit propaganda written by shysters to cover up massive failures or promote themselves politically. A lot of these accounts are too one sided to be taken seriously. Gibbons is laughed at nowadays as an out of touch empire apologist.
Fascinating the amount of effort just to go back and build the wall later. But even momentarily some things can be conquered just to be abandoned within hours. Fortifications and outposts and whatnot. Some people die for nothing.
"Vae victis, bitches." - Roman General Agricola 83 C.E, after sending in his best cavalry while the legionaers still in reserve chilling and eating prandium
I think I have watched like half of your content in last two weeks. could overestimate Somehow it showed up while i was looking around some specific battle i wanted to play in Total war game. Now You are more addictive than popular TV show. Damn you! :P
This was awesome! Great video as always. At the end as the video fades out though, it shows hadrian's wall and the year marker on it says 1101 AD, which I am pretty sure is a mistake.
Just realized that the first part of the Caledonian name (Caled) means hard in modern welsh, but in Wales itself North Walians says Calad South Walians says caled. Thought that would interesting for people to know.
"There are no lands behind us, and even on the sea we are menaced by the Roman fleet. The clash of battle - the hero's glory - has now actually become the safest refuge for the coward. Battles against Rome have been lost and won before; but hope was never abandoned, since we were always here in reserve. We, the choicest flower of Britain's manhood, were hidden away in her most secret places. Out of site of subject shores, we kept even our eyes free from the defilement of tyranny. We, the most distant dwellers upon the earth, the last of the free, have been shielded till today by our very remoteness and by the obscurity in which it has shrouded our name. Now, the furthest bounds of Britain lie open to our enemies; and what men know nothing about they always assume to be a valuable prize. But there are no more nations beyond us; nothing is there but waves and rocks, and the Romans, more deadly still than these - for in them is an arrogance which no submission or good behaviour can escape. Pillagers of the world, they have exhausted the land by their indiscriminate plunder, and now they ransack the sea. A rich enemy excites their cupidity; a poor one, their lust for power. East and West alike have failed to satisfy them. They are the only people on earth to whose covetousness both riches and poverty are equally tempting. To robbery, butchery, and rapine, they give the lying name of "government"; they create a desolation and call it peace." Calgacus' words as written down by Tacitus pg 31 of 'Agricola and Germania'
"Thewe awe nyo wands behind us, and even on the sea we awe menyaced by the Woman fweet. The cwash of battwe - the hewo's gwowy - has nyow actuawwy become the safest wefuge fow the cowawd. Battwes against Wome have been wost and won befowe; but hope was nyevew abandonyed, since we wewe awways hewe in wesewve. We, the choicest fwowew of Bwitain's manhood, wewe hidden away in hew most secwet pwaces. Out of site of subject showes, we kept even ouw eyes fwee fwom the defiwement of tywanny. We, the most distant dwewwews upon the eawth, the wast of the fwee, have been shiewded tiww today by ouw vewy wemotenyess and by the obscuwity in which it has shwouded ouw nyame. Nyow, the fuwthest bounds of Bwitain wie open to ouw enyemies; and what men knyow nyothing about they awways assume to be a vawuabwe pwize. But thewe awe nyo mowe nyations beyond us; nyothing is thewe but waves and wocks, and the Womans, mowe deadwy stiww than these - fow in them is an awwogance which nyo submission ow good behaviouw can escape. Piwwagews of the wowwd, they have exhausted the wand by theiw indiscwiminyate pwundew, and nyow they wansack the sea. A wich enyemy excites theiw cupidity; a poow onye, theiw wust fow powew. East and West awike have faiwed to satisfy them. They awe the onwy peopwe on eawth to whose cuvtousnyess both wiches and puvwty awe equawwy tempting. To wobbewy, butchewy, and wapinye, they give the wying nyame of "guvwnment"; they cweate a desowation and caww it peace." - Cawgacus' wowds as wwitten down by Tacitus pg 31 of 'Agwicowa and Gewmanyia'
This was kind of a great twist for me, in the introduction, Agricola seemed like an incredibly talented individual whom I wanted to see succeed. But knowing the history of Romans in Britain, I was expecting them to lose the battle in Scotland.
Agricola was a force of nature, if he remained in Britain, he would have even conquered HIbernia(Ireland). However contrary to popular belief, the Empire at the time had only 25 legions and they were stretched this across the empire.
This was neither a victory nor a defeat. They were stopped however, and soon left never to return. Please see my comment above for my take on these events.
@@ravenstrategist1325 By who's account was it a crushing victory? If so, why did they go to such lengths to deny their "crushed" enemy the tons of resources they left in their main HQ when they retreated in haste shortly after? Whatever they told people in Rome, they did not defeat the clans here, and their invasion failed. military.wikia.org/wiki/Inchtuthil
@@JoesWebPresence Your perceptions of victory and defeat are very wierd and that doesn't live much hope for your mental faculties. Still I will try to remain polite. I will use simple words. Few losses, massive casualties to their enemies. Of those losses, most of them were among the auxilaries, second rate troops. The legionaries didn't even joined the battle, which means it was a massacre. The caledonians were no threat at all after this battle. The legions had to retreat because, as it is explained in this video and also on other sources, other fronts on other frontiers were FAR more pressing that useless caledonia, and naturally because Agrippa was promoted to other fronts. Thus, left with a skeleton crew, the roman officers,professionals as they were, decided to hold on to a much easier frontier and in the much more profitable south, today's england. Simple as that. The Empire was fighiting dozens of wars at the same time. It should be obvious but I am pointing that out all the same.
@Hoàng Dũng Nguyễn I wouldn't trust that but the silk road was wide open so it is possible some roman merchant did wander so far east. But the Chinese writing that was circling internet last months was just second hand opinions from Persians. So it might be that ancient Chinese were racists and simply threw all Europeans and non asian brown people under term Roman.
Antonine built a wall from the Clyde to the Forth but back then well the Clyde was shallow then wasn't much of a barrier there's what's left of a bath house in Bearsden foundations of the wall in cemetery there hence the modern name Roman road so there you have it Ps they didn't hang around long
I don’t know why but battles on the British isles are always the most interesting... amazing that such a small place has such rich history and large impact on the modern world
You know, I honestly love falling asleep to these. It is the perfect thing to just listen to while I drift off to sleep. Again not trashing y’all haha, just saying I love learning about theses battles before i go to bed.
Shameless self-plug, but I use pictures of the Mons Graupius battlefield (and the ruined Pictish Fort at the top) in my videos... For anyone curious, out of all the candidates I personally believe the battlefield to be at Bennachie, near Inverurie. It has the flatland required for chariots, which leads up into a forested region around the hill which is perfect for retreating and turning into guerilla warfare. To top it all off, there's a 2'000 year old Pictish Fort at the top of the hill with the remains still being visible to this day - lots of smoke would suggest a fire, but alas for now, it is still conjecture on my part. Great video as always Baz!
Only tacitus wrote about this fictional battle ... and he was Agricola's son-inlaw.. Tacitus' account, which only states that the battle took place in north-east Scotland. But gives little if not any more evidence of it... no advance of the Roman line was accomplished, and the region known today as Scotland was never conquered. Remember, they had very little success, and built 2 walls to stop the Northerners from moving south..
I’d mostly say yes to conquest but not to the other two. They weren’t entirely defensively minded and launched many offensives in the coming centuries. Marcus Aerlius would attempt to expand, only his death ended it. Diocletian annexed northern Mesopotamia. Constantine re occupied lower Dacia. And of course Justinian and the whole damn ERE was all about retaking land.
Fvck that was one-sided And speaking of one sided affairs, I wish some of these channels made a short series about the campaings of the Great Catalan Company in Greece and Anatolia during the beginning of the XIV century. It's a very fascinating story with some of the most metal warriors of medieval history. The Almogavars
Hell yeah! Almogàvers were fucking nuts hahaha. Those mercenaries came to help the Byzantines against the turks. But after moping the floor with them, the emperor's son killed their leaders in the red wedding equivalent and tried to kill the other mercenaries. They escaped and joined their camp and then started rampaging through Anatolia and then Greece winning against the Imperial army, Bulgarian mercenaries and French knights (those guys were everywhere lol). And at the end settled in the area around Thebes and Athens until 1380's. "Funny" facts: -The first day they arrived in Constantinople the Catalan company started killing the Genoese by the hundreds after an argument broke up outside the palace (Catalans and Genoese weren't the best friends) and even killed some Byzantine officials who tried to stop them. Trying to make a good impression huh? -Up until the 20th century words like "katalan/katalani" meant things like monster or some sort of insult after those few thousand Catalans came to visit in the 1300s. -Related to that is the fact that until 2005 Catalan citizens couldn't acces the Mont Athos monastery due to the fact that the Almogàvers destroyed it. The current Catalan goverment paid for some of the repairs lol.
@@hollawar1391 that's how the company was called m8 They surely were also aragonese and prolly other Iberians, and ofc their allegiance was to Aragon in the end, but that doesn't go against the fact that it was known as the Catalan Company.
@@jordirodri1362 loool I knew the "katalani" Thing meaning devil for a long time but I had no idea that we ended up paying the Greeks. Thanks for that info
@@jordirodri1362 Funniest fact will always be the Warcry they used, and how they used their flints and darts to create sparks and terrify their enemies. Desperta Ferro!
Since I dont know all the battles happened on this world its always very exciting for me to watch these videos since you never really know who would win at the beginning.
Loving these videos. Would love to see one about the Battle off Samar in 1944, i.e. the Last Stand of the Tin Can Sailors. Amazing David vs. Goliath story
It is important to remember when dealing with the roman expansion into northern Britannica, that a large part of the surviving accounts come from Tacitus, Agricola's son-in-law who wrote about the campaigns of his father specifically as to discredit emperor Trajan and his choice to order Agricola back. So as always with roman history and their campaigns, one should not take everything as face value. Not to mention that it could very well be argued that Agricola's expansions into Britannica were nonsensical in the first place, driven solely by the old roman desire to win some glory via conquest.
Trajan was not emperor during Agricola's tenure in Britain. Domitian was emperor at this time, who, jealous and fearful of Agricola's successes, ordered him to return to Rome
I live almost exactly where you placed this battle, and whatever your primary sources say, this portrayal does not fit. The Roman roads ended at Bertha fort (Perth) and the next, and most northerly outpost the Romans ever managed was Inchtuthil fort near Spittalfield, 15-20 miles up river, and deep inland. It was a proper fort, tailor made for such a force, and briefly garrisoned at this exact time, though archeological evidence shows it was abandoned shortly after its completion. This being Agricola's headquarters shows that he was trying to pierce the Caledonian interior, which would have been doubly difficult further up the coast, as Strathtay is the last broad valley into the interior, with more northerly rivers quickly becoming impassable to the flat bottomed river vessels we know they used on the Tay at that time. Those steep glens like Glenclova and Glenesk would have been scouted from the coast and deemed unsuitable for such a large force. The Dee and the Don would have been the next candidates for them, but these would have been a hundred miles more for them to march through enemy territory, and no evidence of any significant military encampment has ever been found in these straths. If Inchtuthil was his HQ then traveling up the east coast would have been a huge detour, and going up the Dee or Don without a similar stronghold to set out from would have been a formidable route, with better defensive terrain and higher populations of hostile Highland clans. It is much more likely that they came through Glenshee, which is easy to get to from Inchtuthil, and an ancient thoroughfare with more favourable terrain for a large army to march into the Cairngorms. Agricola was probably hoping to join up with his fleet somewhere on the Moray coast, but there is no evidence that he ever managed this. The mountain of Graupius Mons itself was most likely Morven in my opinion, though there are several other candidates. Moreover, Agricola would have sought intelligence, and scouted for Calgacus' stronghold, seeking the best way to approach it, rather than bumbling along the coast, taking the long way round and hoping the terrain suited him when he got there. I think it was Morven because of its strategic location and all the ancient clan territories surrounding it. It was the heart of the kingdom of Marr at the time, with many of the strongest clans based in this area and with ancient roads from north south east and west meeting around this mountain. By coincidence, the terrain you drew looks remarkably like upper Strathdon, which is directly north of Morven. If I am correct, then the Romans did not approach from the north as you have it, (which is also terrible terrain) or they would have easily met up with their fleet somewhere around Elgin, nor from the east, or the Caledonian tribes would have given battle closer to Alford or Torphins, but from the west, approaching from Braemar, then Gairnshiel, to form up in front of Calgacus somewhere between Roughpark and Heuch-head. The existence of the Inchtuthil hoard, an elaborately hidden cache of ten tons of Iron nails and other iron objects, buried in a pit to deny them to the Caledonian tribes demonstrates clearly that when the Romans left here, THEY did not consider the area subdued, no matter what they reported back in Rome. All things considered it seems that this expedition convinced Rome that it was not worth trying again. military.wikia.org/wiki/Inchtuthil
@Helios Sphere 1. Conquest is the opposite of a treaty of union (which we may yet leave, should it be our settled will.) 2. James was a Scots king inheriting the English throne you dummy. 3. Had we been separated from our oil stealing parasites in Westminster in 1979, Scotland would now be among the richest nations on Earth, similar to Norway, Switzerland or Kuwait, while England would now be an indebted, impoverished basket case in the same league as Portugal or Ireland. Demographics and national character don't lie. We make up 10% of the UK population, but have made up 25% of its war dead since Waterloo and have been responsible for 80% of its innovations, so any time you feel like you can go it alone, be sure to let your MP know.
@Helios Sphere Ignore it? I'm still laughing out loud! Believe what you want about the current economic situation, wrought upon England as much as any other nation by the fifth, unmentioned state in this union, the city of London. What you are spouting is rhetoric aimed in a narrow political spat involving nats and unionists, and I'm neither, because I'm not as easily indoctrinated as you. Do grow up Helios, and learn OUR history . . and stop mindlessly swallowing the slanted propaganda soundbytes they dish out to divide and conquer the easily swayed masses with.
If "it all" is the low brow party political nonsense you spouted above, then yes@Helios Sphere, I am above "it all.." It seems you delight in typifying the worst of English arrogance and conceit, along with astounding ignorance concerning your inadequacy and loathsomeness. What kind of mindless drone repeats that nonsense and expects a response? The English are hated throughout the world. The attitude you display above is what lost you the empire old bean, and you are doing your level best to lose the only nation you have left to exploit. In spite of your desperate insistence, Scotland has always more than paid its way, and will do just fine without the shackles of Westminster rule. England on the other hand, because of its dismal demographics, poor natural resources and lengthy mismanagement has only financial corruption to rely upon to feed itself alone. I'm sure you'd like someone to hash out the set piece arguments with you all over again, but you are regurgitating odious nonsense and it really doesn't deserve a response. Put your money where your mouth is and campaign for English independence. If your globally despised nation and the city state that owns it is confident they can make it without parasitizing their neighbours and forcefully reneging on the treaties they signed, because "that's how power works" then please go ahead and put it in a manifesto. I'll take one Scot over twenty self important scumbag weasels like you any day. Even faced with your twisted, self deluding interpretations of plain facts like who stole who's oil wealth, and spent it on who's welfare, who caused the heroin problem globally, or who tore up the articles of union, we'll see your nation out. It's on the way already. In your efforts to systematically destroy our national identity, we clung to it all the harder, but you guys have lost yours. You've just demonstrated all it means to be English now. To treat others like dirt under your shoes and tell yourself patently obvious lies, because the truth is way too ugly to handle. We Scots have been propping your deluded carcasses up for a long time now, while you picked our pockets, took credit for our inventions and hid behind our soldiers. We'll come to the funeral, and say nice things, but deep down, you know full well we'll be glad when you are gone. Scotland will thrive as an independent nation, preferably ruled from Edinburgh, and not Brussels. Preferably without marxists in charge, but however it comes, we'll embrace it as a coherent, admirable and capable nation, and be embraced by the world community. England will both tear itself apart from within, and be shunned by the whole world without us, especially with the sneering attitude you just demonstrated here, so fuck off Helios, and when you get there, fuck off again! Fuck off to Yorkshire, or Cornwall, or Tyneside or Lancashire, or Merseyside, and try to convince THEM how great things are, because when you lose your grip on the Scottish wife you've beaten and abused for so long, it won't be long before all your beaten and abused children want to leave home too.
I was like "I thought Caledonia was in the british isles" *sees map* "Lol nice" Edit: Your stuff is always so professional! Great as always! Is there a map software you guys favor? I'd be interested in using some methods y'all have for some rpg purposes
wow this was the turning point to which my genetics was finally forced to become universal solder;s. now someone like me is on the other side of the planet. and it took me so long to finally find one after ceasar that help'd put it all into place. as i use to read all the books before computers and inernet but. i just' these conflicts where to big to concive and this all helps summarize what iv'e been trying to imagine all along. TYVM for your content!
The only thing I'll say is I do never trust Roman sources for numbers of soldiers in battles neither the number of dead. They are always so wildly over the top, I don't even think people believed it at the time.
@Carlo Canti Not Scottish and this is the weirdest use of the word cope I have ever heard. An example I'll give is Boudica in her last battle against the romans, is said to have 230,000 that was 6.5x the population of London at the time and would constitute well over 5% of the UK's population in a time and apparently there were 80,000 casualties on the Britons side meaning over 2% of the British population in one afternoon was a casualty. This is just utterly ludicrous, it's just fanciful just like this one's estimation is.
@Carlo Canti firstly don't like your own comments as that's just sad. The irony of you saying I should look into it more when surface level research tells you that the numbers are from Dio's account which is a late epitome, so as a basic rule of thumb should be treated with skepticism. I know civilians were there this is not a revelation, the fact you think it is shows how limited your understanding of the topic is. On top 80,000 casaulties would mean that at least 100,000 probably a lot more were fighting. Also that many civilian being there is even less likely than a huge army, for the simple reason that, moving that many old, young and other non combat capable people, who a vast majority will be subsistence farmers not living in Iceni, basically modern day East Anglia, into one part of England, crossing mutiple borders and having to travel on foot for a week and possibly more. For a battle that happened in a place it wasn't meant to be, how you can still believe it to be 230,000 shows a naivety I rarely see.
@Carlo Canti the fact you ignored the most important part of my comment which was it was written by Dio, just shows how dishonest you are being. If you knew anything about the battle you'd know that the civilians who came to watch had set up an encampment of wagons that were basically interlinked, that is why the Britons warriors couldn't run away, the civilians however easily could, obviously some were caught up, but most got away. All 80,000 deaths occurred at the battlefield, no retributions are include, your lack of basic understanding of the battle is just comical. I said it's probably 100,000 looking at the casualties numbers, not they said it was 100,000, the fact you didn't understand that, I have to ask are you stupid or were you being purposefully dishonest, which was it? Why do you bother when you are this out of your depth, you utter fool. Comment again so I can laugh a bit more at your pathetic back peddling.
Would probably have ended worst long term then it actually did. What land Rome did hold in England required 4 legions to maintain he peace, contrasted with Iberia which only needed 2. Imagine how much man power would have been needed to hold the whole of Great Britain? The empire simply couldn't handle the drain that would be needed.
@@artruisjoew5473 The culture and the terrain say no. This was neither a victory nor a defeat. They were stopped however, and soon left never to return. Please see my comment above for my take on these events.
Baz, I really like your content and quality of your videos. Unfortunately, a lot of what you've said in this battle is conjecture and speculation. This battle is very clear in where it happened, but no one is really clear who fought here. With that being said, it's difficult to state what really happened here. If Rome had really won this battle, why would they honestly retreat from Scotland? A lot of what happened around this battle makes little sense.
The Romans won massive wars in many places where they eventually retreated because the land was too tough to keep protected. Caledonia, Germania and Mesopotamia come to mind. Trajan absolutely ravaged the parthians and installed a client king, yet Hadrian abandoned the prvince no less than 2 years later.
@@alekisighl7599 You make some sound points, yet Payden is right to question aspects of this battle. Something certainly happened at Mons, there would have been too many witnesses calling bullshit about Agricolas role in it. Furthermore, it seems he was awarded by Domitian for his service, and not bought home in shame or mocked as people have proposed. Nevertheless, the battle as depicted in Tacitus is likely twisted to make it, and Agricola more exciting. Calgacus, for example, was likely a fictional character, and the name may have come from a Caledonian/Pict tribe. He certainly never gave the flowery "Freeeedom," speech. It appears all of the proposed sites for the battle somewhere around the Grampians would have been heavily wooded. Indeed, Scotlands interior was dense rain forest, the largest in Europe at that time. It wasn't the rolling highlands we see on postcards. Thus, the Battle itself, while fierce initially, probably amounted to the Caledonians/Picts attempting to lure the Romans further up the hill/s and into the forest. Where the Romans were distinctly disadvantaged. Agricola, didn't fall for the ploy, and there was a stalemate. The Cal/Picts didn't want to come down and the Romans didn't want to go up. Agricola appears a savvy bloke, and had likely taken his time confronting this massed threat; because, he knew the logistics involved in keeping a barbarian army of Calgacus's size in the field - even though the numbers were inflated-as per Roman custom, was always a problem. You had to feed these guy's and living off the land, they in turn had to feed their families back home. The Caledonians/Picts would also have had competing chiefs and tribes. So, Agricola after giving them a taste of what to expect out in the open, and showing he wasn't playing the game, went home and waited for the groupings to disband. Which apparently they did, and he likely paid off and supported rival chiefs to hunt out any nasties near the roman sphere of influence along the East coast of what we call Scotland. So, all-in-all while Mons G happened, it was pretty much a non-event.
The only source for this battle was Tacitus, who also happened to be Agricola's son-in-law. The only real evidence is the fact that Romans never went further into Caledonian lands after the battle (something the Romans did not have a history of doing after defeating local tribes) and soon after built a massive wall to protect themselves. Furthermore, Agricola's carreer halted after this battle. If they really did win this battle its the only time in the entire history of the Roman Empire that they behaved the way that they did afterwards
Construction of Hadrian's Wall started in 122 AD, not in 1101 AD as shown in video. Though I guess it could be useful for the Normans. Sorry, I've no idea how I've missed this mistake.
Yea I had to look that up for some context. Still! Great video!
Thanks.
I would really like to see a video of the 1683 battle of Vienna.
TOO LATE IM UNSUBBING!!!!
K, I re-subbed, 2 minutes without bazbattles on my list and I got depressed.
LoL! I was like wait.. one 1101 AD is a lot more than a few decades, and two the (western) Roman Empire had long fallen by that point. No worries though, awesome video as always. I love watching these when i dont know anything about the battle, its kind of suspenseful not knowing who is going to win. And you do a great job of portraying the battles in a way that makes it seem like anything could happen, even in the face of certainty.
The whole narrative leading up to the battle made me think the Romans would lose lol
You got me
Rex Galilae Nah, Agricola was actually a great general. Cautious and clever. He was the father-in-law of the historian Tacitus if I’m correct.
@@alexanderthegreat445
Oh. Didn't know the last part. Pretty fascinating.
And yeah, he seems cautiously confident - efficient. Cold and calculating to the core. Doesn't make one step in excess of what's needed for the job. A true Roman :')
Rex Galilae Yep, but his name ‘Agricola’ means ‘the farmer’ which is a nickname I have mixed feelings about but it sounds good in Latin so I guess it’s ok.
@@alexanderthegreat445
His nickname could also be an allusion to "The Reaper of Dead Briton Souls" :P
ROMA INVICTA, BARBARI!
This battle is one of those that shows just how powerful the Romans were when they were led by competent leaders. Julius Agricola planned everything to the letter, and everything went exactly as he had predicted. He didn't even have to use his second line! Talk about overwhelming power. And that's not even counting the rest of his campaign that went on pretty much flawlessly.
Romans rarely lost a battle after enough preparation. Downfall of the empire was mostly inner struggle (WAY too many usurpers) and vast borders being attacked by too many foes at the same time.
@@ottokarl5427 But there is always some idiot just too much gullible as to enter a forest as Varo, or just march into a damn desert like Crassus.. =(
That's leadership, it's hard to say how well a group of legionaries would perform on their own. When Caesar "invaded" Italy he had a single legion with him and Pompey still ran away despite having more men. Within something like a month he'd defeated all of Pompey's supporters in Italy.
Caesar crushed the Gauls and the Germans in his campaigns, he then used Gallic and Germanic cavalry to great effect in his later battles showing that these guys were good soldiers, just came from cultures where military strategy was inferior.
Those tribesmen they were fighting may have been the worst army featured on this channel though lol, they were literally like cavemen.
@@ottokarl5427 So the Romans were nearly invincible if they got preptime... like Batman?
I would love more Roman battles.
Romans are awesome yeah!!
Lucky that they weren't led by Luigius Cadornus...the eleventy-billionth Battle of Mons Graupius :P
Evolution is a lie. There is abundant evidence that disproves the absurd theory of evolution.
First of all, there are zero transitional species. There is not a single species which is a transition between two kinds of living things.
Every single "transitional" fossil presented as evidence of evolution has been debunked.
For example, Tiktaalik is not a transition between fish and land animals. Tiktaalik is simply a fish.
For another example, Archaeopteryx is not a transition between reptiles and birds. Archaeopteryx is simply a bird.
Secondly, there are zero transitional organs. There is not a single organ which is a transitional form between two different organs.
For example, lungs supposedly evolved from swim bladders. And yet there is not a single organ that is a transition between the swim bladder and the lung.
Third, there are zero transitional organ systems. For example, there is no organ system that is a transition between the respiratory system of a fish (which uses gills) and the respiratory system of a land animal (which uses lungs).
@@tylerb9877 yes there is. Humans and apes have a common ancester. Though I personally don't like how apes are suddenly classed as humanoids we are primates. As for what I'd class as humaniod, there has been many but all but us are extinct. The reason Darwin came up with TTOE is because its fucking obvious. Basically it's the environment that shapes what form life will take. If that enviorment changes for whatever reason then the life form will either go extinct or it will evolve to survive its new enviorment. Our species is very successful because we developed complicated brains and complicated social groups. We did this because our very survival depended on our intelligence. Pope John Paul 2 was a believer in evolution and like him I don't get the contradiction in a form of religious faith and the science of evolution.
@@tylerb9877 piss off you bible bashing Jesus freak evolution is scientific fact! Deal with it
Ah yes Finally, nothing to get the New Year ready as good as watching Boxes kill each other
New year, new boxes.
this is too good
The box with the serrated edge always wins.
When are boxes going to learn they’re only hurting themselves
How do you make those animations on Android
It's so weird to hear "the year 80" without anything before the "80".
1900 years later I arrived.
@@rafetizer Damn your old.
@@nikitakuznetsov8446 agricola be like: ah im around 1980 too... years old though
I was dreading this being another one when Rome loses, but then it’s a textbook example of them being unstoppable
I was hoping for their defeat.
@@isaachany2461 Doesn't happen too often, unfortunately for you
I love seeing rome getting destroyed
This was neither a victory nor a defeat. They were stopped however, and soon left never to return. Please see my comment above for my take on these events.
@@JoesWebPresence How was this not a victory exactly? The battle was undoubtedly won by the Romans, even if the war was lost in the end.
Baz I just wanna say I notice how much the quality has gone up in the past few months, and the scripts sound better too.Keep it up my friend!
I had no knowledge of this battle. So my jaw completely dropped at "A mighty Imperial Roman army"
roma invicta intensifies
@@undrgrnd734 Indeed!
*clicks video*
"Where is this??? Hmm Caledonian assembly.. so Scottish.. 🤔 Ohh my God it's the Empire!!! ⚔🦅"
The name is Latin tho...
Not just the name but the year
Same here. Though, just knowing the year we were talk about at the outset made me instantly suspect some Romans might show up
When high ground can’t save you...
High ground only works for kenobi
From the Romans' point of view, they held the high ground.
So, what you're saying is Rise of the Skywalker.
Only a Sith deals in absolutes.
Discipline, supply, leadership, and training.
When you're so good that you don't even put your legionaries in order to win the battle!
boggleroggler I mean, they were though but go off.
boggleroggler that’s actually a myth... the ninth continued to serve against the parthians way into the 4th century AD.
Learn your history my friend...
@boggleroggler lmao that's a myth can't believe there's people who think it's true (unless you're Scottish)
@boggleroggler I believe there is archeological evidence of the in the 3-4th century. I read this book by Adrian Goldsworthy: Legions of Rome. And believe me that guy spits straight facts.
"The battle is about to begin"
First time I hear this sentence in 2020... A good start for the year !
I wish a good year to BazBattles
Ya Had to jinx the year didnt ya mate?
This comment has aged terribly
So it was YOU, you caused this fucking mess.
Well, this comment drips with unintended irony. Don't tempt the gods, again. :)
@@alexkilgour1328 How this year would be if I didn't hear this sentence at this moment ? Maybe whorse... if it's possible ^^
Calgacus: It's over Agricola! I have the high ground!
Agricola: You underestimate my power!
And this time, power was indeed underestimated.
lmao they didn't even make it to the boss fight. got rekt by auxiliaries.
@@artruisjoew5473 Imagine calling together an army to stop the romans, lose the fight, and dont even get to fight romans
@@sirjoey3137 if you watch the gameplay of Revenge od the Sith Anakin, during the final battle, accomplished to kill Kenobi XD
This Death Legion is fully armed and operational!
This battle took place roughly 15 miles from where I live. The remenants of the settlement at the top of "Mons Grapius" are still visible to this day
@boggleroggler I believe I was mistaken about the location of where this battle tool place, but Bennachie certainly does have remnants of a settlement at the top.
I have climbed bennachie multiple times and have witnessed the remains with my own eyes
@boggleroggler But bennachie still has remains of a settlement upon Mither Tap
You were not mistaken as they still don't really know where the battle took place so it might have been at bennachie
Centuries later...
*knock* *knock*
Britain: Who is it?
Saxons: Some nice land you got here.
LMAO
Saxons: Hello there!
Britons: General Saxony....
"This island is SICK of being invaded by Europeans! First the Romans, then the Saxons, and now the Danes! For God's sake, who's next? The bloody Normans?"
thats a nice kingdom you got there shame if someone were to normanise it!...
I'm actually a little surprised from the lack of content concerning the 380-400's. The amount of war and death around that time is astonishing really. Hopefully soon!
I always liked Gibbon's assessment of Roman involvement in Scotland:
"The masters of the fairest and most wealthy climates of the globe turned with contempt from gloomy hills assailed by the winter tempest, from lakes concealed in a blue mist, and from cold and lonely heaths, over which the deer of the forest were chased by a troop of naked barbarians."
I like this description " corrupt and immoral slave trading, rapist paedophiles get chased from Scotland and have to build a wall to protect themselves." I personally believe that a lot of Roman history is bullshit propaganda written by shysters to cover up massive failures or promote themselves politically. A lot of these accounts are too one sided to be taken seriously. Gibbons is laughed at nowadays as an out of touch empire apologist.
@@karmabomb3768 yeah winner's history.
@@karmabomb3768 yet they managed to conquer everywhere. Tinted glasses for you i suppose
Didn't conquer Scotland though, did they? More Roman bullshit.
@@francescomiele6601 didn't conquer Scotland though did they? Built a wall and fled.
I particularly prefer your video's because of your calm and subtle voice which gives me a somewhat pleasurable experience to enjoy your videos.
Well I did not expect to sit here at 3 am and see a video about mons grapius, Happy new year fae scotland Baz!
I love that transition at 6:21. Baz, you are always the benchmark in this genre!
I was literally going to bed....and then this came up...now I HAVE to stay awake for this!!!
Very quirky
Me too, was just brushing my teeth and saw a notification.
Why would you go to bed at one p.m that is very early mate
P.S let me guess you live in the northern hemisphere
This is gonna be a good one!
Fascinating the amount of effort just to go back and build the wall later. But even momentarily some things can be conquered just to be abandoned within hours. Fortifications and outposts and whatnot. Some people die for nothing.
Yes! Underrated battle, I remember this from Time Commanders
"I threw that shit before I walked in the room!"
- Roman General Agricola 83 C.E
"My momma says my daddy's name is Agricola, Governor of Britannia!"
"Hush up little girl, a lot of cats got that name."
"Vae victis, bitches." - Roman General Agricola 83 C.E, after sending in his best cavalry while the legionaers still in reserve chilling and eating prandium
BazBattles: says high ground
Me: duel of the fates starts playing on the background
2 different movies lad
You said that?
I think I have watched like half of your content in last two weeks. could overestimate
Somehow it showed up while i was looking around some specific battle i wanted to play in Total war game.
Now You are more addictive than popular TV show.
Damn you! :P
This was awesome! Great video as always. At the end as the video fades out though, it shows hadrian's wall and the year marker on it says 1101 AD, which I am pretty sure is a mistake.
Going to say that too
EVERY TIME YOU MAKE A VID I ENJOY IT! BRO YOU ARE THE BEST ANCIENT BATTLE CHANNEL THERE IS AND I KNOW A LOT OF THEM. APPREICIATE URE WORK BROTHER
Just realized that the first part of the Caledonian name (Caled) means hard in modern welsh, but in Wales itself North Walians says Calad South Walians says caled. Thought that would interesting for people to know.
Welsh=Roman Britons confirmed XD
Thank goodness for some more BazBattles!
"There are no lands behind us, and even on the sea we are menaced by the Roman fleet. The clash of battle - the hero's glory - has now actually become the safest refuge for the coward. Battles against Rome have been lost and won before; but hope was never abandoned, since we were always here in reserve. We, the choicest flower of Britain's manhood, were hidden away in her most secret places. Out of site of subject shores, we kept even our eyes free from the defilement of tyranny. We, the most distant dwellers upon the earth, the last of the free, have been shielded till today by our very remoteness and by the obscurity in which it has shrouded our name. Now, the furthest bounds of Britain lie open to our enemies; and what men know nothing about they always assume to be a valuable prize. But there are no more nations beyond us; nothing is there but waves and rocks, and the Romans, more deadly still than these - for in them is an arrogance which no submission or good behaviour can escape. Pillagers of the world, they have exhausted the land by their indiscriminate plunder, and now they ransack the sea. A rich enemy excites their cupidity; a poor one, their lust for power. East and West alike have failed to satisfy them. They are the only people on earth to whose covetousness both riches and poverty are equally tempting. To robbery, butchery, and rapine, they give the lying name of "government"; they create a desolation and call it peace."
Calgacus' words as written down by Tacitus pg 31 of 'Agricola and Germania'
They nwver managed to penetrate the east granted they probably did not know about the existance of parthia/persia
@@armincal9834 The Romans certainly knew of Parthia....they flight several wars against the Parthians
@@michealohaodha9351 I think he means that the Caledonians didn't know about the existence Parthia.
"Thewe awe nyo wands behind us, and even on the sea we awe menyaced by the Woman fweet. The cwash of battwe - the hewo's gwowy - has nyow actuawwy become the safest wefuge fow the cowawd. Battwes against Wome have been wost and won befowe; but hope was nyevew abandonyed, since we wewe awways hewe in wesewve. We, the choicest fwowew of Bwitain's manhood, wewe hidden away in hew most secwet pwaces. Out of site of subject showes, we kept even ouw eyes fwee fwom the defiwement of tywanny. We, the most distant dwewwews upon the eawth, the wast of the fwee, have been shiewded tiww today by ouw vewy wemotenyess and by the obscuwity in which it has shwouded ouw nyame. Nyow, the fuwthest bounds of Bwitain wie open to ouw enyemies; and what men knyow nyothing about they awways assume to be a vawuabwe pwize. But thewe awe nyo mowe nyations beyond us; nyothing is thewe but waves and wocks, and the Womans, mowe deadwy stiww than these - fow in them is an awwogance which nyo submission ow good behaviouw can escape. Piwwagews of the wowwd, they have exhausted the wand by theiw indiscwiminyate pwundew, and nyow they wansack the sea. A wich enyemy excites theiw cupidity; a poow onye, theiw wust fow powew. East and West awike have faiwed to satisfy them. They awe the onwy peopwe on eawth to whose cuvtousnyess both wiches and puvwty awe equawwy tempting. To wobbewy, butchewy, and wapinye, they give the wying nyame of "guvwnment"; they cweate a desowation and caww it peace."
- Cawgacus' wowds as wwitten down by Tacitus pg 31 of 'Agwicowa and Gewmanyia'
@Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicolvocanoconiosis Whoosh.....
Found this on reddit. I'm subscribing as well as discovering an interest that my grandfather had in military history
This was kind of a great twist for me, in the introduction, Agricola seemed like an incredibly talented individual whom I wanted to see succeed. But knowing the history of Romans in Britain, I was expecting them to lose the battle in Scotland.
Agricola was a force of nature, if he remained in Britain, he would have even conquered HIbernia(Ireland). However contrary to popular belief, the Empire at the time had only 25 legions and they were stretched this across the empire.
This was neither a victory nor a defeat. They were stopped however, and soon left never to return. Please see my comment above for my take on these events.
@@JoesWebPresence This was a crushing victory, victories however must be exploited, this was not.
@@ravenstrategist1325 By who's account was it a crushing victory? If so, why did they go to such lengths to deny their "crushed" enemy the tons of resources they left in their main HQ when they retreated in haste shortly after? Whatever they told people in Rome, they did not defeat the clans here, and their invasion failed. military.wikia.org/wiki/Inchtuthil
@@JoesWebPresence Your perceptions of victory and defeat are very wierd and that doesn't live much hope for your mental faculties. Still I will try to remain polite. I will use simple words. Few losses, massive casualties to their enemies. Of those losses, most of them were among the auxilaries, second rate troops. The legionaries didn't even joined the battle, which means it was a massacre. The caledonians were no threat at all after this battle. The legions had to retreat because, as it is explained in this video and also on other sources, other fronts on other frontiers were FAR more pressing that useless caledonia, and naturally because Agrippa was promoted to other fronts. Thus, left with a skeleton crew, the roman officers,professionals as they were, decided to hold on to a much easier frontier and in the much more profitable south, today's england. Simple as that. The Empire was fighiting dozens of wars at the same time. It should be obvious but I am pointing that out all the same.
MORE ROMAN BATTLES! THANKS FOR ALL YOUR WORK!
I grew up among the Grampian Mountains, and this was taught in school.
Great job. Your narrations as usual, are stellar.
I never knew that the roman army had presence in modern day Scotland. I used to always think that the romans never beyond the hadrian wall perimeter
@Hoàng Dũng Nguyễn Unless you live so far from Roman borders that Romans never went there :D
@Hoàng Dũng Nguyễn I wouldn't trust that but the silk road was wide open so it is possible some roman merchant did wander so far east. But the Chinese writing that was circling internet last months was just second hand opinions from Persians. So it might be that ancient Chinese were racists and simply threw all Europeans and non asian brown people under term Roman.
yeah they went up several times, wasnt worth the money to conquer, they already had the valuable land
Google: Antonine Wall, Gask Ridge and Inchtuthil Legionary Fortress!
Antonine built a wall from the Clyde to the Forth but back then well the Clyde was shallow then wasn't much of a barrier there's what's left of a bath house in Bearsden foundations of the wall in cemetery there hence the modern name Roman road so there you have it
Ps they didn't hang around long
I don’t know why but battles on the British isles are always the most interesting... amazing that such a small place has such rich history and large impact on the modern world
You know, I honestly love falling asleep to these. It is the perfect thing to just listen to while I drift off to sleep. Again not trashing y’all haha, just saying I love learning about theses battles before i go to bed.
Kinda gay
Thanks again BazBattles, great video as always...
Shameless self-plug, but I use pictures of the Mons Graupius battlefield (and the ruined Pictish Fort at the top) in my videos...
For anyone curious, out of all the candidates I personally believe the battlefield to be at Bennachie, near Inverurie. It has the flatland required for chariots, which leads up into a forested region around the hill which is perfect for retreating and turning into guerilla warfare. To top it all off, there's a 2'000 year old Pictish Fort at the top of the hill with the remains still being visible to this day - lots of smoke would suggest a fire, but alas for now, it is still conjecture on my part.
Great video as always Baz!
What a good way to end the year.
I love how I know the end yet you keep me on my toes lol
I was just reading a book on Scottish history and this battle was mentioned. Interesting... Happy new year!
Does that even count as a battle any more? That was unmitigated slaughter.
Nice profile pic :D
Thank you very kindly.
You are right - even Historian and nephew Tacitus was appalled at the slaughter
battle is always slaughter
You guys should make a game with battles like this. I'd love it
And to think, Romans didn't even use their actual legions
building forts and roads was their job that time :)
Only tacitus wrote about this fictional battle ... and he was Agricola's son-inlaw..
Tacitus' account, which only states that the battle took place in north-east Scotland. But gives little if not any more evidence of it... no advance of the Roman line was accomplished, and the region known today as Scotland was never conquered.
Remember, they had very little success, and built 2 walls to stop the Northerners from moving south..
@@jbearmcdougall1646 cope
@Beauty Queen and that boot you mentioned is just terrible..
Bravo!
Another well done video. I enjoy your content, its the only channel i actually get excited when you come out with something new.
When the Romans began to build walls that signaled the end of Roman Expansion and the transition to defense and withdrawal.
I’d mostly say yes to conquest but not to the other two. They weren’t entirely defensively minded and launched many offensives in the coming centuries. Marcus Aerlius would attempt to expand, only his death ended it. Diocletian annexed northern Mesopotamia. Constantine re occupied lower Dacia. And of course Justinian and the whole damn ERE was all about retaking land.
More roman campaigns pleaaaaaaaaasee!!! I love these!!!
Knowing this channel, I was sure the Romans were going to lose.
@Reunite The British Empire BazBattles really loves Roman defeats.
Woot woot , love your videos always keep them coming . And as always would love a BTS video .
Playing Rome Total War 2 on easy.
Funny thing is with romans you can win any faction even in hard difficulty. Try beating a Román army with the gauls..bloddy nonsence
The actual game is a complete mess.
You need to play it using the mod "Divide et Impera".
@@rotciv1492 Few truer words where spoken
Happy New Year Baz. I hope you be well and dont stop making these videos. Much love.
Fvck that was one-sided
And speaking of one sided affairs, I wish some of these channels made a short series about the campaings of the Great Catalan Company in Greece and Anatolia during the beginning of the XIV century.
It's a very fascinating story with some of the most metal warriors of medieval history. The Almogavars
Hell yeah! Almogàvers were fucking nuts hahaha.
Those mercenaries came to help the Byzantines against the turks. But after moping the floor with them, the emperor's son killed their leaders in the red wedding equivalent and tried to kill the other mercenaries. They escaped and joined their camp and then started rampaging through Anatolia and then Greece winning against the Imperial army, Bulgarian mercenaries and French knights (those guys were everywhere lol). And at the end settled in the area around Thebes and Athens until 1380's.
"Funny" facts:
-The first day they arrived in Constantinople the Catalan company started killing the Genoese by the hundreds after an argument broke up outside the palace (Catalans and Genoese weren't the best friends) and even killed some Byzantine officials who tried to stop them. Trying to make a good impression huh?
-Up until the 20th century words like "katalan/katalani" meant things like monster or some sort of insult after those few thousand Catalans came to visit in the 1300s.
-Related to that is the fact that until 2005 Catalan citizens couldn't acces the Mont Athos monastery due to the fact that the Almogàvers destroyed it. The current Catalan goverment paid for some of the repairs lol.
To be more precise, altough there were also catalans, this unit was aragonese. But anyways good stuff
@@hollawar1391 that's how the company was called m8
They surely were also aragonese and prolly other Iberians, and ofc their allegiance was to Aragon in the end, but that doesn't go against the fact that it was known as the Catalan Company.
@@jordirodri1362 loool I knew the "katalani" Thing meaning devil for a long time but I had no idea that we ended up paying the Greeks.
Thanks for that info
@@jordirodri1362 Funniest fact will always be the Warcry they used, and how they used their flints and darts to create sparks and terrify their enemies.
Desperta Ferro!
Awesome. Thanks Baz
Roman history is the best history.
Yes please to more Roman ! Love to hear all the huge battles they had with tribes in Europe e.g Teut forest
I would really like to see a video of the 1683 battle of Vienna.
Is that the one where the Winged Hussars Arrived?
YES
Since I dont know all the battles happened on this world its always very exciting for me to watch these videos since you never really know who would win at the beginning.
Well, best way to end the year. ;)
Lesson: high ground wont save you.
*Maybe Anakin saw this video in the future.
Loving these videos. Would love to see one about the Battle off Samar in 1944, i.e. the Last Stand of the Tin Can Sailors. Amazing David vs. Goliath story
My day is instantly better. Who needs sleep?
Well done man! Thanks for the video
It is important to remember when dealing with the roman expansion into northern Britannica, that a large part of the surviving accounts come from Tacitus, Agricola's son-in-law who wrote about the campaigns of his father specifically as to discredit emperor Trajan and his choice to order Agricola back. So as always with roman history and their campaigns, one should not take everything as face value.
Not to mention that it could very well be argued that Agricola's expansions into Britannica were nonsensical in the first place, driven solely by the old roman desire to win some glory via conquest.
Trajan was not emperor during Agricola's tenure in Britain. Domitian was emperor at this time, who, jealous and fearful of Agricola's successes, ordered him to return to Rome
Beautifull, thank you for the hard work !
Do battles during the Three Kingdoms Period in China. Many of them are pretty historically significant.
Great work !
I live almost exactly where you placed this battle, and whatever your primary sources say, this portrayal does not fit. The Roman roads ended at Bertha fort (Perth) and the next, and most northerly outpost the Romans ever managed was Inchtuthil fort near Spittalfield, 15-20 miles up river, and deep inland. It was a proper fort, tailor made for such a force, and briefly garrisoned at this exact time, though archeological evidence shows it was abandoned shortly after its completion. This being Agricola's headquarters shows that he was trying to pierce the Caledonian interior, which would have been doubly difficult further up the coast, as Strathtay is the last broad valley into the interior, with more northerly rivers quickly becoming impassable to the flat bottomed river vessels we know they used on the Tay at that time. Those steep glens like Glenclova and Glenesk would have been scouted from the coast and deemed unsuitable for such a large force. The Dee and the Don would have been the next candidates for them, but these would have been a hundred miles more for them to march through enemy territory, and no evidence of any significant military encampment has ever been found in these straths. If Inchtuthil was his HQ then traveling up the east coast would have been a huge detour, and going up the Dee or Don without a similar stronghold to set out from would have been a formidable route, with better defensive terrain and higher populations of hostile Highland clans. It is much more likely that they came through Glenshee, which is easy to get to from Inchtuthil, and an ancient thoroughfare with more favourable terrain for a large army to march into the Cairngorms. Agricola was probably hoping to join up with his fleet somewhere on the Moray coast, but there is no evidence that he ever managed this.
The mountain of Graupius Mons itself was most likely Morven in my opinion, though there are several other candidates. Moreover, Agricola would have sought intelligence, and scouted for Calgacus' stronghold, seeking the best way to approach it, rather than bumbling along the coast, taking the long way round and hoping the terrain suited him when he got there. I think it was Morven because of its strategic location and all the ancient clan territories surrounding it. It was the heart of the kingdom of Marr at the time, with many of the strongest clans based in this area and with ancient roads from north south east and west meeting around this mountain. By coincidence, the terrain you drew looks remarkably like upper Strathdon, which is directly north of Morven. If I am correct, then the Romans did not approach from the north as you have it, (which is also terrible terrain) or they would have easily met up with their fleet somewhere around Elgin, nor from the east, or the Caledonian tribes would have given battle closer to Alford or Torphins, but from the west, approaching from Braemar, then Gairnshiel, to form up in front of Calgacus somewhere between Roughpark and Heuch-head.
The existence of the Inchtuthil hoard, an elaborately hidden cache of ten tons of Iron nails and other iron objects, buried in a pit to deny them to the Caledonian tribes demonstrates clearly that when the Romans left here, THEY did not consider the area subdued, no matter what they reported back in Rome. All things considered it seems that this expedition convinced Rome that it was not worth trying again.
military.wikia.org/wiki/Inchtuthil
thank you for this!
I was going to leave my phone but then your video came
Here we go again
Do another one about conquest of Britan by Pakistanis, making it an acid attack capital of the world .
We love you, Kevin! Happy new year man, please keep it up in the next one...
Hostile Caledonians didn't drive the Romans out of Scotland, The Wee Beasties (Midges) did lol
Love your videos you do great work. Two thumbs up 👍👍
Agricola was securing an empty land with sparse inhabitants and resources
and still he failed!
@@free_gold4467 he didn't though...
Last time I was this early, Douglas Haig was still ensuring that the Battle of the Somme was going to be an absolute success...
Big up all the other Scots watching, we are unconquerable
This video gives evidence to the contrary.
@Helios Sphere 1. Conquest is the opposite of a treaty of union (which we may yet leave, should it be our settled will.) 2. James was a Scots king inheriting the English throne you dummy. 3. Had we been separated from our oil stealing parasites in Westminster in 1979, Scotland would now be among the richest nations on Earth, similar to Norway, Switzerland or Kuwait, while England would now be an indebted, impoverished basket case in the same league as Portugal or Ireland.
Demographics and national character don't lie. We make up 10% of the UK population, but have made up 25% of its war dead since Waterloo and have been responsible for 80% of its innovations, so any time you feel like you can go it alone, be sure to let your MP know.
@@endhimrightly3408 And you don't understand how hubris works.
@Helios Sphere Ignore it? I'm still laughing out loud! Believe what you want about the current economic situation, wrought upon England as much as any other nation by the fifth, unmentioned state in this union, the city of London. What you are spouting is rhetoric aimed in a narrow political spat involving nats and unionists, and I'm neither, because I'm not as easily indoctrinated as you. Do grow up Helios, and learn OUR history . . and stop mindlessly swallowing the slanted propaganda soundbytes they dish out to divide and conquer the easily swayed masses with.
If "it all" is the low brow party political nonsense you spouted above, then yes@Helios Sphere, I am above "it all.."
It seems you delight in typifying the worst of English arrogance and conceit, along with astounding ignorance concerning your inadequacy and loathsomeness. What kind of mindless drone repeats that nonsense and expects a response?
The English are hated throughout the world. The attitude you display above is what lost you the empire old bean, and you are doing your level best to lose the only nation you have left to exploit. In spite of your desperate insistence, Scotland has always more than paid its way, and will do just fine without the shackles of Westminster rule. England on the other hand, because of its dismal demographics, poor natural resources and lengthy mismanagement has only financial corruption to rely upon to feed itself alone.
I'm sure you'd like someone to hash out the set piece arguments with you all over again, but you are regurgitating odious nonsense and it really doesn't deserve a response. Put your money where your mouth is and campaign for English independence. If your globally despised nation and the city state that owns it is confident they can make it without parasitizing their neighbours and forcefully reneging on the treaties they signed, because "that's how power works" then please go ahead and put it in a manifesto.
I'll take one Scot over twenty self important scumbag weasels like you any day. Even faced with your twisted, self deluding interpretations of plain facts like who stole who's oil wealth, and spent it on who's welfare, who caused the heroin problem globally, or who tore up the articles of union, we'll see your nation out. It's on the way already. In your efforts to systematically destroy our national identity, we clung to it all the harder, but you guys have lost yours. You've just demonstrated all it means to be English now. To treat others like dirt under your shoes and tell yourself patently obvious lies, because the truth is way too ugly to handle.
We Scots have been propping your deluded carcasses up for a long time now, while you picked our pockets, took credit for our inventions and hid behind our soldiers. We'll come to the funeral, and say nice things, but deep down, you know full well we'll be glad when you are gone. Scotland will thrive as an independent nation, preferably ruled from Edinburgh, and not Brussels. Preferably without marxists in charge, but however it comes, we'll embrace it as a coherent, admirable and capable nation, and be embraced by the world community. England will both tear itself apart from within, and be shunned by the whole world without us, especially with the sneering attitude you just demonstrated here, so fuck off Helios, and when you get there, fuck off again! Fuck off to Yorkshire, or Cornwall, or Tyneside or Lancashire, or Merseyside, and try to convince THEM how great things are, because when you lose your grip on the Scottish wife you've beaten and abused for so long, it won't be long before all your beaten and abused children want to leave home too.
Love the way you highlighted the retreat of the Caledonian tribesmen with reversing lights.
I was like "I thought Caledonia was in the british isles" *sees map* "Lol nice"
Edit: Your stuff is always so professional! Great as always! Is there a map software you guys favor? I'd be interested in using some methods y'all have for some rpg purposes
Great video as usual. I did not know Roman control ever extended that far north.
Roma Invitca
Interesting and very nicely done, as usual, animations add a lot...👍👍
Make next Game of Thrones the red wedding please.
I think that wasnt a battle, it was a slaughter
Yup
Great! I like your videos, BazBattles. I want that you share William Wallace campaign))
Fun Fact: to this day Russia has troops stationed inTransnistria
wow this was the turning point to which my genetics was finally forced to become universal solder;s. now someone like me is on the other side of the planet. and it took me so long to finally find one after ceasar that help'd put it all into place. as i use to read all the books before computers and inernet but. i just' these conflicts where to big to concive and this all helps summarize what iv'e been trying to imagine all along. TYVM for your content!
The only thing I'll say is I do never trust Roman sources for numbers of soldiers in battles neither the number of dead. They are always so wildly over the top, I don't even think people believed it at the time.
@Carlo Canti Not Scottish and this is the weirdest use of the word cope I have ever heard. An example I'll give is Boudica in her last battle against the romans, is said to have 230,000 that was 6.5x the population of London at the time and would constitute well over 5% of the UK's population in a time and apparently there were 80,000 casualties on the Britons side meaning over 2% of the British population in one afternoon was a casualty. This is just utterly ludicrous, it's just fanciful just like this one's estimation is.
@Carlo Canti firstly don't like your own comments as that's just sad. The irony of you saying I should look into it more when surface level research tells you that the numbers are from Dio's account which is a late epitome, so as a basic rule of thumb should be treated with skepticism. I know civilians were there this is not a revelation, the fact you think it is shows how limited your understanding of the topic is. On top 80,000 casaulties would mean that at least 100,000 probably a lot more were fighting. Also that many civilian being there is even less likely than a huge army, for the simple reason that, moving that many old, young and other non combat capable people, who a vast majority will be subsistence farmers not living in Iceni, basically modern day East Anglia, into one part of England, crossing mutiple borders and having to travel on foot for a week and possibly more. For a battle that happened in a place it wasn't meant to be, how you can still believe it to be 230,000 shows a naivety I rarely see.
@Carlo Canti the fact you ignored the most important part of my comment which was it was written by Dio, just shows how dishonest you are being. If you knew anything about the battle you'd know that the civilians who came to watch had set up an encampment of wagons that were basically interlinked, that is why the Britons warriors couldn't run away, the civilians however easily could, obviously some were caught up, but most got away. All 80,000 deaths occurred at the battlefield, no retributions are include, your lack of basic understanding of the battle is just comical. I said it's probably 100,000 looking at the casualties numbers, not they said it was 100,000, the fact you didn't understand that, I have to ask are you stupid or were you being purposefully dishonest, which was it? Why do you bother when you are this out of your depth, you utter fool. Comment again so I can laugh a bit more at your pathetic back peddling.
Thank you so much for an amazing video
This battle never happened.
Awesome, as always.
This would have gone differently if Obi Wan had been there.
Happy New Year to you guys.
Imagine if somehow the Romans continued their advance into Caledonia...
Would probably have ended worst long term then it actually did. What land Rome did hold in England required 4 legions to maintain he peace, contrasted with Iberia which only needed 2. Imagine how much man power would have been needed to hold the whole of Great Britain? The empire simply couldn't handle the drain that would be needed.
@@Leivve consider that the need for more legions in Britain was partly to protect against the Pictish tribes
@@Leivve yeah but if you pacify all of britain and then civilize it like rome did in spain it will probably only take one.
@@artruisjoew5473 The culture and the terrain say no. This was neither a victory nor a defeat. They were stopped however, and soon left never to return. Please see my comment above for my take on these events.
@@JoesWebPresence what are you talking about ? This battle was a decisive victory
Always love these keep it up!
I'm so early! Hi everyone I hope youre doing well and are drinking plenty of water.
hows the video? I know you haven't finished it XD
Water? Only hot chocolate
You dont tell me what to do! *drinks juice
Sipping on a nice cold Pepsi
The hero we needed. Much love, my friend!
No matter what time it is, when BB uploads a video, you have to watch it
Baz, I really like your content and quality of your videos. Unfortunately, a lot of what you've said in this battle is conjecture and speculation. This battle is very clear in where it happened, but no one is really clear who fought here. With that being said, it's difficult to state what really happened here. If Rome had really won this battle, why would they honestly retreat from Scotland? A lot of what happened around this battle makes little sense.
The Romans won massive wars in many places where they eventually retreated because the land was too tough to keep protected.
Caledonia, Germania and Mesopotamia come to mind.
Trajan absolutely ravaged the parthians and installed a client king, yet Hadrian abandoned the prvince no less than 2 years later.
@@alekisighl7599 You make some sound points, yet Payden is right to question aspects of this battle. Something certainly happened at Mons, there would have been too many witnesses calling bullshit about Agricolas role in it. Furthermore, it seems he was awarded by Domitian for his service, and not bought home in shame or mocked as people have proposed. Nevertheless, the battle as depicted in Tacitus is likely twisted to make it, and Agricola more exciting. Calgacus, for example, was likely a fictional character, and the name may have come from a Caledonian/Pict tribe. He certainly never gave the flowery "Freeeedom," speech.
It appears all of the proposed sites for the battle somewhere around the Grampians would have been heavily wooded. Indeed, Scotlands interior was dense rain forest, the largest in Europe at that time. It wasn't the rolling highlands we see on postcards. Thus, the Battle itself, while fierce initially, probably amounted to the Caledonians/Picts attempting to lure the Romans further up the hill/s and into the forest. Where the Romans were distinctly disadvantaged. Agricola, didn't fall for the ploy, and there was a stalemate. The Cal/Picts didn't want to come down and the Romans didn't want to go up.
Agricola appears a savvy bloke, and had likely taken his time confronting this massed threat; because, he knew the logistics involved in keeping a barbarian army of Calgacus's size in the field - even though the numbers were inflated-as per Roman custom, was always a problem. You had to feed these guy's and living off the land, they in turn had to feed their families back home. The Caledonians/Picts would also have had competing chiefs and tribes. So, Agricola after giving them a taste of what to expect out in the open, and showing he wasn't playing the game, went home and waited for the groupings to disband. Which apparently they did, and he likely paid off and supported rival chiefs to hunt out any nasties near the roman sphere of influence along the East coast of what we call Scotland.
So, all-in-all while Mons G happened, it was pretty much a non-event.
Caledonia is in Scotland....
Good new information
The only source for this battle was Tacitus, who also happened to be Agricola's son-in-law. The only real evidence is the fact that Romans never went further into Caledonian lands after the battle (something the Romans did not have a history of doing after defeating local tribes) and soon after built a massive wall to protect themselves. Furthermore, Agricola's carreer halted after this battle. If they really did win this battle its the only time in the entire history of the Roman Empire that they behaved the way that they did afterwards
It feels very neat to see non-medieval battles in this channel!