And it's fascinating to think those who made the journey to visit Caesar, used pepper as a form of payment/trade upon arriving there. Not with cash/coins and notes that we use in the present day to pay for goods and services. Can you imagine, a diplomatic member visiting the EU delegation centre and as a gesture of goodwill/custom norm of exchanging memorabilia/gifts... Few sacks of pepper is the item? Would be awkward and probably taken as an insult! 😀🤔
This is fascinating. I remember coming across this name Muziris / Μούζιρις in Periplus Maris Erythraei (or Περίπλους Ερυθράς Θαλάσσης), which is an account of seafaring and maritime trade opportunities in the "Red Sea", meaning the whole indian ocean west of India. Written by an anonymous 1st century AD adventurer, most likely a greek-literate egyptian. Muziris was the main port on the southwest coast of India, and if I recall correctly there was also Barygaza / Βαρύγαζα on the northwest. I've been assuming Muziris would've been the ancestor of Calicut (of Niccolo de Conti, Afanasy Nikitin, Ibn Battuta and Vasco da Gama fame), while Barygaza would be somewhere in today's Gujarat. It's fascinating to see there's ongoing archaeological research on these.
As a person who lives near muzris and periyar, I am proud to see our land being shown to a world audience 👏. As it says on the documentary, the entire banks of periar bleed great history.
Sir, The 18th Century folk-tale as recorded by the Traveler 'Paolino da San Bartolomeo' that the 'Puthuvaippu Era' of Malabar (Kerala) beginning at 1341 C.E was the formation of the group of Islands from out of the sea is disproven by the Elamkunnapuzha Temple records which refers to its construction as 'Kali Era' chronogram 'Visvesasaktimaya' or 1185 C.E. The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
Sir, The 18th Century folk-tale as recorded by the Traveler 'Paolino da San Bartolomeo' that the 'Puthuvaippu Era' of Malabar (Kerala) beginning at 1341 C.E was the formation of the group of Islands from out of the sea is disproven by the Elamkunnapuzha Temple records which refers to its construction as 'Kali Era' chronogram 'Visvesasaktimaya' or 1185 C.E The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
@@ASHKE-NATZI i personally didn't invade anywhere, so i don't need to do anything. in fact, im actually against what britain did and im with you on your user name because America DOES belong to the natives. So if you want to carry on TRYING to insult me, go ahead but you wont get far
@@el-jp3xp if you had minimum common sense and geography k knowledge you would have known that silk route from China passed through major North Indian cities like pataliputra , Delhi etc in medical times
Muziris is KODUNGALLOOR ( CRANGANORE ), its an island from chettuwa to kottappuram surrounded by the sea & the river but the intesresting fact is the people living there don't realise it's an island. Yes, there was a huge flood destroying the port & changing the course of the port sites to now kochi. Remember all the early religious starting gateway were in kodungalloor be it christianity, jewish, islam, buddhist etc.
Muziris is not Kodungaloor, as per recent excavations it is understood that the port was located at the present day Pattanam, near North Paravur, Ernakulam/ Kochi district. There is a long history along North Paravur itself, Chendamangalam area was a cosmopolitan society with Dutch, Jews during mediaeval times. The ancient remnants are still excavating.
Muziris seems to be a large port city, extending all through out the beaches in an around old periyaar river mouth. It should extend between azhikode and munambam.It should have to be such large so that Romans were astonished.Some where in between these land mark,were the city centre. It should be mostly in near modern day angamaly. Religious estabishments in the city were located in the northern part of the city, may be because the native kings felt its better to keep the other new religions out the the city limits because of obvious reasons .Thus they were located at kodungallor area, north of the river mouth.But the city as such may be vast, about 25 km extending,from north to south.
@@sigmarules9429 i think you need to research more, the course of periyar river has been changed since ages, there are scientific proofs you'll come to know if you google. It was believed yesteryear Pattanam used to be the major port and evidences have been excavated. And angamaly region predominantly remained as a outskirt rural maybe a settlement might have been there but we haven't received any evidence. Major developments happened across river side and near to sea.
Original name Muchiri, commonly anglicized as Muziris (Ancient Greek: Μουζιρίς, Old Malayalam: Muciri or Muciripattanam possibly identical with the medieval Muyirikode) was an ancient harbour and an urban center on the Malabar Coast.
that areal shot at the begining is so beautiful.. any other place by now would have changed to an ugly concrete Jungle but Kerala still maintains its old heritage intact.. Love you Kerala from Andhra.
Sir, The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
Kerala has history with syrains, jews, Portuguese , Dutch and Chinese, just because you North Indians doesn't know our history, that doesn't means it doesn't exist
Need a thorough and scientific research from the international level about this great ancient port. Can be traced the great past of international trade.
I am from Muzris, now that it is named Kodungallur. Its a Historically significant place. Islam first came to whole of subcontinent in Kerala to Muzris during the time of Prophet Muhammed(SAW) and the first mosque in whole of south asia is also built here, probably oldest outside Arabia. Christianity too was first introduced through Thomas the Apostle. It was an important trading route before it was destroyed by a flood in the 12 or 13th century. Love that its getting the recognition now that it deserved. Muzris is pride of Kerala... Love my State ❤️
Sir, The 18th Century folk-tale as recorded by the Traveler 'Paolino da San Bartolomeo' that the 'Puthuvaippu Era' of Malabar (Kerala) beginning at 1341 C.E was the formation of the group of Islands from out of the sea is disproven by the Elamkunnapuzha Temple records which refers to its construction as 'Kali Era' chronogram 'Visvesasaktimaya' or 1185 C.E The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
Kerala -Muziris :One of the ancient Christians communities dating back to 2000 years ,One of the ancient Jewish community and the oldest synagogue ,One of the oldest Muslim community who have direct relationship with prophet Muhammad and the oldest mosque and on top the great Hindu Rulers who welcomed them all .The evidences are much there and the people of Kerala are the greatest proof that Muziris do exists somewhere down the ground of Kerala soil ....Afterwards came the britishers and Portuguese and they destroyed everything and looted us left and right ...
Sir, The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
Fascinating that Pliny the Elder knew of this place; he died during the events of the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD that buried Pompeii and Herculaneum. In the 14th century, Muziris vanished from history, and in the 16th century, Pompeii and Herculaneum were rediscovered. So yeah, it's totally possible for a bustling trade port to disappear from memory.
Muziris is a Greek name, Its original Native Indian Name is "Murachipattanam". It was mentioend in Hindu Scripture including Sangam Literature and Ramayana. Also, Its no mystery why the Port City disappeared in the 14th Centurym It co-incides with the accounts of the First Bubonic Plague in Europe.
They know it from greek text. Its not the indian curious to look for it. Indian dont even care about its history. Its the curious westerners looking for all the lost places for the sake of world history
Sir, The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
FUN FACT : There was an ancient Roman Temple dedicated to Augustus Caesar in Muziris, which was built due to the good diplomatic and trade relations between South India and Rome at that time......
The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
Sir, The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
Fascinating window into the history of the region! Remember watching a doco on a theory based on some evidence that indicated that this was the part of the Roman Empire which Jesus' disciple Thomas (the doubter) travelled to spreading the word of the Gospel! Apparently there were stories among the locals that said that when the Portuguese arrived, they discovered that there were rudimentary churches already existing, but they were destroyed because they weren't based on Roman Catholicism, & their believers assimilated into Papal churches the Portuguese established.
Tradition has it that St Thomas landed in Kodungalloor in Kerala Which is very near to were the Muziris port was supposed to be And he obtained a large following for Christ In any case Kerala had a Christian tradition long before the Europeans landed in India
The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
Not all of the churches were assimilated into Roman Catholicism. There are multiple sects in Kerala which wanted to maintain their traditional customs & faith, which they continue to this day. Some of the prominent non-Catholic sects are Malankara Orthodox, Jacobite Orthodox, Marthoma Church, Assyrian Church of East etc.
How St. Thomas came to know about Kerala jews and he landed at Cranganore present day Kodungallore in Kerala obviously the traders from Middle East visited Musiris.
BBC don’t listen to the haters in the comments. Please create more documentaries on India.. whether it’s Modi or anything else. I support you as an Indian.
Muziri Pattinam.. was mentioned in lot of Tamil literature.. it was part of Chera Dynasty.. sad to see not a single archaeologst.. mentioned here.. because they never accept the Tamil kings who are the rulers of present Kerala
Port of Sāmūthiris of Kozhikode and Kings of Cochin... Always claiming everything to be Tamizh !!!! Second Chera Empire used Vattezhuttu script/ Old malayalam as they're official Court language.. And then to Manipravalam in 11th century... Always trying to degrad€ Kerala's history by adding tam!l kings all time .... Respect Namaskaram 🙏🏻
@@aadithyanc.k Muziris was trading with Romans (yavanas as called in Sangam poems) during Sangam Age. If you take the time, read and understand Tamil Sangam poems you’ll understand much more.. for starters, Tamilakam as mentioned in Sangam Poems included Kerala, there are tons and tons of poems about Chera kings, their exploits and the places they ruled, not just Muziris. Third Muziri wasn’t the only port yavanas (Greeks/Romans) traded with.. they also made it to Korkai, Kaveripoompatiinam, Mantai, perhaps patna? Sangam poems focused mostly on Tamilakam, so there isn’t much mention of non Tamilakam cities, at least not as extensively.. but there are mentions of other Kingdoms though, like Mauryas.. anyways I use Tamil here, because it is explicitly mentioned in Sangam poems..
@@aadithyanc.k You are talking about 13th century onwards..I was saying before that.. fact should be accepted.. no intention to degrade our brothers Malayalies.. 2000 yrs Old Tamil literature Celapategaram(சிலப்பதிகாரம்)was written by Elangoadigal was a brother of chera King Senguttuvan
@@thangaveluganesan9634 the argument feels like same as Sri Lankans who doesn't wanna consider Ramayana to be true or Ravana being connected to Hinduism in any way coz it may threaten their identity. But how would it threaten the identity of the present era when the things people are talking about the past era? People fail to understand that not accepting is history denied nothing else. Ego kills truth
Sir, The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
@@melroyreus3417 buddhism broke off from Hinduism too? Right? Why not consider it old too. It reminds me of muslim simping for that moroccan university while their own country had universities way before that. It's identity crisis.
The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
Muziris was considered an option for king Solomons golden Ophir. Solomon ships went to Ophir and returned with gold, peacocks and exotic woods. Supposedly, in Ophir, gold was used as bricks ( probably gold bearing ore ) people think Ophir was in East Africa, Muziris, srilanka or Phillipines
The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
Sir, The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
Salt and pepper archaeology. The port is probably under water, just like my great great grandfathers mansion on the coast of Quilon. Was a trader to and from Portugal.
Musiris had a connection with "kodumanal" an ancient industrial city in chera kingdom (present day erode district of tamilnadu). Even the damascus sword was made from the iron exported from "kodumanal".
The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
@@Nithin684 OK......VANCHI (PRESENT DAY KARUR DISTRICT IN TAMILNADU) IS ALSO THE CAPITAL OF CHERAS. JUST FOR INFORMATION. What are you trying to say bro... what is your intention.
The land of 'Kerala or Keralajanapadha or Keralaputhra' in Indian history since the 3rd Century B.C referred to as Malayalam, Malanadu, Malamandalam etc in Kerala history after the Sanskrit word 'Malaya' as denoting the western ghats did not consist of any region East of the Ghats or the region of Tamil Nadu once referred to as 'Kongu-Nadu, Pandi-Nadu, Chola-Nadu etc' in Indian history hence, the land of Kerala or 'Keralaputhra' in Indian history was referred to as 'Male or Malabar' by the Foreign Travelers since the 6th Century C.E or as 'Kerala' in the various Sanskrit literary works of ancient India. For Example: Raghuvamsha - Kalidasa - 5th Century C.E - "....Kerala yoshitham alakeshu... - meaning - "the locks of curled hair of the Kerala women" The ancient European travelers of the 1st and 2nd century C.E have referred to the geographical region of North India or the land between Himalaya mountains and Vindhya mountains as 'Ariaca' after the Sanskrit word 'Aryaka' (i.e Aryadesha) just as they have referred to the Dravidian language speaking geographical region of South India as extending up to ‘Keprobothras’ (i.e Keralaputhra in Sanskrit) as 'Dakinabades' after the Sanskrit word 'Dakshinapatha’ whereas they have referred to the geographical region of Kerala (i.e Keralaputhra) as 'Damirica' after the Sanskrit word 'Dramidaka' (i.e Dramidadesha) meaning the southernmost region of Bharata (i.e Indian subcontinent) hence the Oldest literary works and inscriptions of Kerala itself refers to the geographical region of Kerala as 'Dramida' in which the city of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayarpattanam in Old Malayalam) or Thiruvanchikulam (i.e Srianjanakhalam in Sanskrit) or Muyirikodu (muziris) in Old Malayalam as situated on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Mahanadhi, Choorni etc in Sanskrit) was the capital of the Kerala king titled as 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit The Matrilineal system of inheritance or 'Marumakkathayam' in Malayalam is referred to as 'Mathruparamparya' in the Sanskrit works of ancient India and the Mahadeva temple of 'Thiruvanchikulam' in Kerala (i.e Anjanakhala in Sanskrit) is the Kuladevatha (i.e tutelary-deity) of the Matrilineal royal family of Kerala (Malabar) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) in Kerala (Malabar) history and similarly Yakshan Keralan, Godha Keralan, Kerala Narayanan, Keralan Srikumaran etc are the various other personal names of Keralites as present in the Oldest Inscriptions of Kerala in Old Malayalam since the 9th century C.E as the Kerala-Country and its capital was under the dominion of the Naaduvaazhikal (i.e vallabhapattanam king, mahodhayapattanam king, kolambhapattanam king etc) as attested by native records and foreign travelers including Al-Biruni since the 11th century C.E For Example: "Malabar (i.e Malayalam Country) is a great province lying towards the west 'of the province of Bandi (i.e Pandya)' and the people here have a language of their own and a king of their own and pay tribute to nobody." - Marco Polo (13th century C.E). The 7th century to 12th century inscriptions of Tamil Nadu refers to multiple Pandya kings and Chola kings as having invaded the region of “Malainadu or Kerala” and the Tamil Nadu king Raja Raja Chola (985 C.E -1014 C.E) in his inscriptions on the conquest of Kerala claims that his army invaded the country which was the Creation Of Parashurama (Kerala) and plundered the town of Vizhinjam, Kollam, Kodungallur etc which itself shows that the land of Kerala was known as the Parashurama Kshetra (i.e creation of parashurama) among even the non-keralites in history. The south Indian Invaders from Tamil Nadu, Karnataka etc until the 12th century C.E have referred to the various kings of Kerala (Malabar) by their hereditary titles such as 'Ramaghata Mushaka, Vira Kerala, Kupaka etc' as situated in the present day Kerala as 'Sera, Serala, Chera, Cherama etc' in their Dravidian languages and as 'Kerala' in Sanskrit hence the Kerala-Country (i.e Keraladesha in Sanskrit) was referred to as Cheraman-Nadu, Cheraman-Loka, Chera-Bhumi etc in Kerala records itself. : For Example: "...sarvam eve anupashyata tathaiva Andhran cha Pundran cha Cholan, Pandyan, Keralan." - Valmiki Ramayanam - Kishkindha KandaT There are places with common names in Kerala and Tamil Nadu even today (ex. Thondi, Musiri, Karur etc) thus it doesn't mean that the places of Kerala or 'Keralaputhra' referred to as 'Tyndis, Muziris, Karoura etc' by the travelers in the past were referring to the settlement of the people of Karur district in Tamill Nadu or any other people of Tamil Nadu referred to as a 'Pandi, Chola, Konga, Thonda' in all of known Indian history including Kerala (Malabar) history but the people of Kerala referred to as ‘Keralar' and 'Malayalar' alone in Indian history.
@@Nithin684 Bro i already knew those. Malaya is not sanskrit word and malai its tamil word or malayalam word only. Vanchi was the ancient capital of cheras and musiris and tondi were the most important port cities. Kerala was also called as vanchinadu. Kongu nadu was under kongu cheras after 6th century and before it was under collective cheras only.
Kerala and Tamil Nadu were two different communities that developed in the adjacent regions of the western ghats with commonality in the dynasty of Kings (i.e Kerala) in history but the politics, language, social system, religious practices, social customs, architecture, festivals, arts etc of Keralam (i.e Malayalam, Malanadu, Malamandalam etc) were all quite distinct from Tamil Nadu region since earliest known history. For Example: There are inscriptions as denoting the Kerala kings titled as 'Kerala Varma, Keraladhiraja etc' as also found from 'Tirunelveli district, Dindigul district etc' in Tamil Nadu history but these regions of Tamil Nadu historically known as 'Pandi-Nadu, Kongu-Nadu etc' in Indian history was never ever known as 'Kerala or Keralaputhra or, Keraladesha etc' in Indian history. The land as bounded by the Malayadri mountains (western ghats) to the East and the Ocean to the West is known as 'Kerala or Malayala' in all of known Indian history as For Example, the 11th century Sanskrit Poet Bilhana in his work refers to several kingdoms as having surrendered to the King Vikrama (1076 - 1126 C.E) of Karnataka including Konkana (konkan region), Alupa (tulu region), Chola, Pandya etc whereas the poet Bilhana mentions that the Elephants of the King Vikrama as having stirred the sandalwood trees on the Malaya Mountains (western ghats) in his conquest of Kerala For Example: “Abhajyantha gajaisthasya leelayaa malayaadhruma samam Kerala….” - Vikramankadevacharitha - Kavi Bilhana (11th Century C.E) The term 'Tamizhakam' in the Tamil grammar Tolkapiyam itself is the transliteration of 'Dramidaka' in Sanskrit and not denoting a single culture or language or kingdom or history but a common geographical region as consisting of KL and TN thereby the author has recognised 12 regional dialects in which 5 dialects are pertaining to Kerala and 7 dialects are pertaining to Tamil Nadu just as the Tamil grammar Nannul of the 13th century hence the Kerala records have also differentiated the language of Dramida (i.e Tamizh) into Pandyabhasha (pandi language), Cholabhasha (chola language) and Keralabhasha (malayalam language) in history. For Example: "Keralaanaam dramida shabdhavaachythvaad apabhramshena tadbhaasha tamizh ithyuchyathe" - Lilathilakam - Meaning - "The language of Kerala is known as Tamizh in the vernacular through the phonetic modification of the word Dramida." The inscriptions of Kerala as dated between the 9th century C.E and 12th Century C.E is referred to as 'Old Malayalam' by linguists because the inscriptions of Kerala as dated between the 13th century C.E and 16th century C.E shows linguistic continuity with minimal differences hence it is termed as 'Middle Malayalam' by linguists.Malayalam language (i.e Keralabhasha) is just as old and classical as any other Dravidian languages including Tamil hence the phonology and vocabulary of Keralites to this very day are found in the Oldest mythological literary works and inscriptions of Tamil Nadu (ex. njan, njandu, thudangi, pettu, aliyan, achan etc) as the grammatical principles of Malayalam language (i.e Keralabhasha) was contrasting from the ‘Tamizh’ of the inhabitants of Tamil Nadu due to the phonological and morphological differences between the regional languages of the East and West of the Ghats mountain ranges since known history. (Ex. Njan in Malayalam is Nan in Tamil) The terms 'Tamizh, Naazhi, Pazham, Pavizham, Makizham etc' in Old Malayalam are all derived from the Sanskrit words 'Dramida, Naadi, Phala, Pravala, Makula etc' as such phonetic modifications or transliterations of Sanskrit words are present in all the Dravidian languages since known literary history and similarly, the terms 'Ketala, Choda, Pada' etc in the Ashoka Edicts of the 3rd Century B.C in Prakrit language are the transliterations of the Sanskrit word 'Kerala, Chola, Pandya' etc as attested by all linguists today. The terms Cherakon (i.e Keralakularaaja in Sanskrit), Kunnalakon (i.e Shailabdhishvara in Sanskrit), Valluvakon (i.e Vallabhakshoni in Sanskrit), Piraamanar (i.e Brahmana in Sanskrit) etc as found in Old Malayalam and Middle Malayalam inscriptions and literary works are NOT denoting the people of Tamil Nadu or 'Tamilans' irrespective of caste referred to as a 'Pandi, Chola, Konga, Thonda' in all of known Indian history but the people of Kerala referred to as 'Keralar' and 'Malayalar' alone in Indian history. The region of modern Tamil Nadu as consisting of dharmapuri, salem, karur, coimbatore etc as comprising of an earlier independent territorial unit known as ‘Kongu-Nadu’ was occupied by 'Rastragutas, Gangas, Adiyaman, Cholas, Pandyas etc' until the 12th Century C.E whereas it is the land of Kerala as comprising of the independent territorial unit known as ‘Malayalam’ or 'Malabar' who were under the local chieftains referred to as ‘Sera, Serala, Chera', Cherama’ etc until the 12th century C.E and thereafter in Indian history. : For Example: "The pagans (Hindus) of Malabar (Kerala) believes that a king (i.e a King of Kerala or Cheraman) had once ascended up to heaven and they continue to expect his descent therefore they assemble at cranganore (Kodungallur) and keep ready there wooden sandals, water and adorn the place with lamps and decorations on a certain night of the year" - Tuhfat al Mujahidin (16th Century C.E) The term Vanchi, Vanchiyoor etc are common place names of Kerala and Tamil Nadu just as the term 'Mala, Malai etc' whereas the term ''Malayala or Malayalaka' in Indian history is not denoting some hill (malai) in Tamil Nadu region once referred to as 'Kongu-Nadu, Pandi-Nadu, Chola-Nadu etc' in Indian history but the land of Kerala referred to as 'Keralaputhra' in the Ashoka Edicts since the 3rd Century B.C or as 'Male or Malabar' by the Foreign travelers since the 6th Century C.E in the historical accounts. For Example: The kings of Kerala were referred to as 'Malayala Thiruvadi' in the inscription of South India as dated to the 13th Century C.E while the kings of Tamil Nadu were referred to as Pandya and Chola in the same inscription because the people of Tamil Nadu now known as 'Tamilans' were referred to as a 'Pandi, Chola, Konga, Thonda' in all of known Indian history while the people of Kerala including the Kings were referred to as 'Keralar' and 'Malayalar' alone in Indian history.
The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
Yes, please beg more maybe they will make another one to pamper South Indians dividing Bharat into North & South. No wonder, looking at you, how they managed to do it decades ago as well.
@@shivamgautam949They respect our identity but you sell us and our land to your Saffron masters and their Crony Capitalist. You communalists can't accept real history but your Mythology is history. We are proud of our Historical identity.
Indo Roman trade one of the main information video is very nice . The Archaeological escavations continued to be muzris , because valuable information for the sight . Proud of you KCHR.👍
Sir, The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
@@GetItRightUpYees Naah it's you guys who don't understand what you steal from others. Indians don't put coriander in everything. That's a British corruption of Indian cuisine coz your guys don't understand nuance in cooking.
@ 1:59, 5:05 paleobotany should give some insights here. The Nypa palm ( described in Hortus Malabaricus), that was growing along South West Coast of India saw *progressive restriction* by 1800s. Could the 1341 floods have restructured the lagoon system, favourable for Nypa growth (cr. ref., Badvae, Sakurkar; In Current Science, 1407- 1409, 85/10, 2003).
The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
It was on the spice route, so this is not something surprising . But why did it disappear overnight ? Ocean is still there , It is a trade route even now . We know why ancient ports of Gujarat disappeared..
Musiri belongs to chera dynasty of ancient tamil kingdom. The ancient tamil classic literature sangam(atleast 2300 years old) which celebrates the port city of musiri and vanchi (the capital city of chera dynasty).
@@msel04 ഒന്ന് പോടാ എണീറ്റ് നീയൊക്കെ പണ്ടത്തെ തമിഴ് എന്നുപറയുന്ന സാധനവും നീയൊക്കെ ഇപ്പോഴത്തെതമിഴ് എന്ന് പറയുന്ന സാധനം തമ്മിൽ എന്തോ ഒരു അകൽച്ച ഉണ്ടെന്ന് ആദ്യം പോയി പഠിച്ചിട്ടു വാ മോനെ
@@THIRU8x first u go and find the difference between the chera tamil which was spoken in 1000 AD and now in 2022... do u know or don't know?. Calling poda, vanda...in a social media like a lay man...
Lol Malayalam got classical language status by showing Sangam Literature. The video literally said the main source of this port city is Sangam Literature(300 bc) which is a tamil literature and Kerala was ruled by Tamil Kings 600 BC - 1300 AD . Malayalees are ones claiming tamil cultural heritage
The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
The locals should be inquired, sometimes they take back stones and keep them as sacred items. Also climate change in visible just now, rising sea level and lands collapsing has been around for centuries.
The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
There was huge flood in the 14th century which destroyed and changed most waterways in this part of kerala...tales of that huge flood is still passed down from generations...it's called the flood of 1341
Muziris is pattanam near North paravoor and not kodungallur or azhikode as previously thought. Excavation proves that the centre was located in pattanam or may be between pattanam to kottapurram.
Sir, The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
For your kind information it is karnataka is the top producer of pepper and kannada Queen Channabhaira devi was called as Queen of black pepper by Portuguese... Get some knowledge.. Karnataka produce way more spices than Kerala.
The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
There is a place very near to Pattanam called " Moothakunnam" , in ancient times this place is called "mootth-arasi-kunnam" ....This 'Mootharasikunnam' in foreign tounge is called "Musiris".
The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
Sir, The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
Sir, The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history For Example: Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history. The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc) There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history. For Example: “Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
bro, people worried about kohinoor diamond , but britishers gave so much to india they build schools , roads , brought trains, plains , electricity and so many things which are most imp than kohinoor diamond !!
Well that's done to only brainwash the so called natives into submission and to make their minds dull, to make things along the rulers ways, which specifically was to pull of the biggest heist done by any country summing up the value to nearly £45 trillion. And of course like hunting, occasionally causing a famine here and there which killed a few million people in the streets in skeleton like figures. Yeah, the Raj was so entertaining for them.
@@toomanynpcs7710 Algorithms used to create technology based items was discovered by Alqawarizmi a Muslim from Iraq or Yemen if I recall. India was doing fine before it was ransacked by the British. The British took a lot more than the Kohinoor. A once powerful nation with people who had their own pride shrunken to nothing more than slaves to the British.
@@jimthomas-tt9sn tamils are not only black. according to living place skin tone will change. Chera dynasty language was Tamil. In that period there was no Malayalam Language. Malayalam language is a youngest language in India likewise Hindi. Bhramins inserted sankrit in Tamil in thiruvanandhapuram samasthanam period (Approxmately in 16th century). then in portuguese period eluthachan created Script for that Tamil, sanskrit mixed slang for print the Bible. this is the story of Malayalam. these all things happend in 16th century. after Portuguese entry you chera dynasty people mixed with european. that's y some of yours's color tone are bright. ( not everyone). My Kerala friends skin tone are darker than me. finally you don't know about your original language and History. You are Tamil People. this is the True even you ignore. list out your ancient literature which is written in Malayalam. In Tamil Culture everyone knows their father name. our women are living with single husband ever. I heard that women from few casts in kerala were Living with many men in same time (after chera Dynasty). so that children did not now their original father.
Your documentary omits an important aspect of முசிறி (Musiri) in respect to Tamil and Tamils. - The fact is that Musiri was the port-town of the சேரர் (Cherer), one of the 3 Tamil royal dynasties of Thamilagam, which ruled the entire region now called Kerala till the 14th CE. - The Sangam literature that you had referred to is in Tamil and is part of the Tamil's ancient literature, now dated to 500 BCE. I hope your omission of this important fact, establishing that Musiri was a Tamil port and established even earlier than Pliny, was not intentional. - The writings on the pottery unearthed at Pattanam are in the தமிழி (Thamizhi) script, again confirming the ties to Tamil and Tamils. - Musiri cannot be found or confirmed without acknowledging the ties to Tamil and therefore researching Tamil treatises for references to and location of Musiri. Regards, Thevar Tamil.
The West ignores the Tamil not out of spite or politics, but out of ignorance and laziness. Most of us just don't know who the Tamil are, I am very sorry to report
Yes, you are right Kerala was part of Tamil kingdoms (Pandyas, Cholas and Cheras), in the distant past. The Malayalam language itself is derived from Tamil. South Indian states have historical, cultural and linguistic ties because of the kingdoms that were in power during ancient and medieval period.
Nitpick: at 1:22 when you're talking about how Romans valued pepper as much as gold, you're showing the wrong spice. To the ancient Romans, "Indian Long Pepper" was pepper. Do an image search for "long pepper" and you'll immediately spot the difference. They look like completely different spices because they are; they aren't even the same species. Our modern black pepper pushed out long pepper for the usual reason: It tasted enough like it to pass for it, and it could be grown for half the price. It flooded the market. In a few generations, when you said pepper, everyone thought of black pepper, not long pepper.
Let me tell the truth. 1) Musiri/Mizuris was an ancient Tamil port of the Chera Kingdom which lasted from atleast 300BCE to 1400 AD. 1) After 1400 AD after the fall of Tamil kings, the brahmins and Nayar clans together heavily Sanskritized the language giving rise to the development of Malayalam from Tamil in that region. 3) Excavations were done at the area suspected to be Mizuri and guess what they found; artifacts from all over the world and lots of Tamil inscriptions. But the people who now live there speak Malayalam and they don't want to accept their Tamil roots 4) So, they gave case in court saying that the excavations are twisting history and so the court ordered the excavations to stop. The Malayalees don't want to dig their Tamil past. 6) So Musiri/Mizuris won't be really found or dug up again.
Suppose something is dug up in Pakistan,will the Indian diplomats go and fight over there by saying that before 1947 Pakistan was a part of India ,so they should return it to India?? Bruh !
@@skimmytyres Even Pakistan might give back anything they dug as they are not interested in Hindu artifacts. Pre-Hindu artifacts they value. Here, even though both are in the same country, they stopped excavations because they found Tamil artifacts. Funny thing is that the excavations were not even done by Kerala government. It was done by Archeological Society of India. So to stop the central government, they gave case in court and got stay order. So that much hatred they have in mind.
@@ellavanr632 why you bringing Hindu or anything in between bruh ! You are the one with so much hatred i guess ,when people are fond of history and talking about that ,you are the only one who started about your pride Tamil legacy,ofcourse accepting the fact oldest existing language is Tamil,there are alot of temples in Tamil ,and so many stuffs but ,but the thing that makes you great is your humbleness..ig you should learn something from the life story of A.P.J Abdul Kalam sir
@@skimmytyres I posted the truth. It's haram to preserve any non-Islamic items so Pakistan won't do it. You are the one who brought Pakistan in here in the first place. I don't claim that Tamil ia oldest ever, but I will point out the Truth and what has happened.
കേരള ചരിത്രത്തെ സംബന്ധിച്ച് എല്ലാം കൊണ്ടും 9 - ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ടിനു മുൻപ് ഉള്ള കാലം ചരിത്രാതീത കാലം ആണ് . കേരള ഭാഷയും സംസ്കാരവും ഉരുത്തിരിഞ്ഞു വരുന്നത് പൊതു വർഷം 9 - ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ടിനു ശേഷം ആര്യ ബ്രാഹ്മണ നമ്പൂതിരിമാരുടെ സാമൂഹിക സാംസ്കാരിക ഇടപെടൽ മൂലം ആര്യ വൽക്കരണം കാരണം ( Aryanisation ) ആണ് . പാണ്ടി തമിഴിന്റെ പാരമ്പര്യം ഉള്ള പണ്ടയ ചേര നാട്ടിലെ ഭാഗം ആയിരുന്നു നമ്മുടെ കേരളം ഏകദേശം 9 - ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ട് വരെ . മലയാള വർഷം തുടങ്ങുന്നത് പൊതു വർഷം 825 ആഗസ്റ്റ് 17 മുതൽക്കാണ് . മലയാള ഭാഷയുടെ ആദ്യത്തെ എഴുത്ത് വടിവം ഏകദേശം പൊതു വർഷം 830 ൽ തമിഴിനും മലയാളത്തിനും പൊതുവായ വട്ടെഴുത്ത് ലിപിയും സംസ്കൃത അക്ഷരങ്ങൾ എഴുതാൻ ഗ്രന്ഥ ലിപിം ഉപയോഗിച്ച വാഴപ്പള്ളി ശാസനം ആണ് . വട്ടെഴുത്ത് ലിപിയിൽ സിറിയൻ ക്രിസ്ത്യൻ സാസനം ഏകദേശം പൊതു വർഷം 849 ൽ , കൊല്ലത്ത് തരിസ എന്ന സ്ഥലത്ത് പള്ളി പണിയുവാൻ നാടുവാഴി നൽകിയത് .
@@jimthomas-tt9sn Kerala is first mentioned (as Keralaputra) in a 3rd-century-bce rock inscription left by the Mauryan emperor Ashoka. In the last centuries bce this region became famous among the Greeks and Romans for its spices (especially pepper).
Please keep it. It brings bad luck. From Empire, Britain has gone to Heat or Eat. Its now in The Temple, City of Londonium. The one in the crown is a bauble.
@@tanvirzaman8619 The Financial district as it is called now is actually the original city of Londonium. It has its own mayor and police force. Its own laws. Inside that is something called, The Temple. The original Kohinoor is there.
South india had direct diplomatic relations with Rome...some south Indian diplomats even visited Ceaser during his time
And it's fascinating to think those who made the journey to visit Caesar, used pepper as a form of payment/trade upon arriving there.
Not with cash/coins and notes that we use in the present day to pay for goods and services.
Can you imagine, a diplomatic member visiting the EU delegation centre and as a gesture of goodwill/custom norm of exchanging memorabilia/gifts... Few sacks of pepper is the item? Would be awkward and probably taken as an insult! 😀🤔
@@originalunoriginal4055because there was no international currency during that time...and pepper was called the black gold
Carbonara
Pepper, salt and sugar were extremely expensive
@@originalunoriginal4055 i think in south india there is even a temple dedicated to octavian was built by roman traders
As South Indian pepper farmer it’s emotional to see this
This is fascinating. I remember coming across this name Muziris / Μούζιρις in Periplus Maris Erythraei (or Περίπλους Ερυθράς Θαλάσσης), which is an account of seafaring and maritime trade opportunities in the "Red Sea", meaning the whole indian ocean west of India. Written by an anonymous 1st century AD adventurer, most likely a greek-literate egyptian. Muziris was the main port on the southwest coast of India, and if I recall correctly there was also Barygaza / Βαρύγαζα on the northwest. I've been assuming Muziris would've been the ancestor of Calicut (of Niccolo de Conti, Afanasy Nikitin, Ibn Battuta and Vasco da Gama fame), while Barygaza would be somewhere in today's Gujarat. It's fascinating to see there's ongoing archaeological research on these.
Welcome to Kerala
@@arjunraj823 welcome to India!!
Barygaza is modern day Bharuch in Gujarat
Barygaza is the Greek version of the Indian/Sanskrit name Bhrigukachcha which is today the Bharuch city in Southern Gujarat.
@@aliskiron4778 Welcome to Newyork doesnt mean wlecome india. It means Welcome to USA
As a person who lives near muzris and periyar, I am proud to see our land being shown to a world audience 👏. As it says on the documentary, the entire banks of periar bleed great history.
and continue to make history. Keep humble alv, thank you for sharing I am so very jealous of where you live.
Sir, The 18th Century folk-tale as recorded by the Traveler 'Paolino da San Bartolomeo' that the 'Puthuvaippu Era' of Malabar (Kerala) beginning at 1341 C.E was the formation of the group of Islands from out of the sea is disproven by the Elamkunnapuzha Temple records which refers to its construction as 'Kali Era' chronogram 'Visvesasaktimaya' or 1185 C.E.
The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history
For Example:
Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C
The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history.
The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc)
There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history.
For Example:
“Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
Does it have anything to do with Azhikode beach, I thought that was where the ancient port was located
Happy to see Dr Rajan Gurukkal after a long time in media...remember watching him telling science in Doordarshan in my childhood
Sir, The 18th Century folk-tale as recorded by the Traveler 'Paolino da San Bartolomeo' that the 'Puthuvaippu Era' of Malabar (Kerala) beginning at 1341 C.E was the formation of the group of Islands from out of the sea is disproven by the Elamkunnapuzha Temple records which refers to its construction as 'Kali Era' chronogram 'Visvesasaktimaya' or 1185 C.E
The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history
For Example:
Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C
The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history.
The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc)
There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history.
For Example:
“Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
Would love to visit india, a majority of the people seem very welcoming and their food and culture looks amazing
First of all return Colonial raparations to countries where you invaded.
Keep an antidiarrheal with u,
@@el-jp3xp my stomach is made of steel
@@ASHKE-NATZI i personally didn't invade anywhere, so i don't need to do anything. in fact, im actually against what britain did and im with you on your user name because America DOES belong to the natives. So if you want to carry on TRYING to insult me, go ahead but you wont get far
Please come.
North India earned through silk route south India earned through spice route
North through silk? No way,maybe by selling cowdung
@@el-jp3xp of hatebot now get lost you can only bark upto this extent save your energy for other comments too 😹😹😹😹😹
@@el-jp3xp if you had minimum common sense and geography k knowledge you would have known that silk route from China passed through major North Indian cities like pataliputra , Delhi etc in medical times
@@el-jp3xpoye jobless kid
Go play some game on mob which your dad bought for your jobless as
@@el-jp3xp selling cowdung to whom....to yall marxists & separatists...??
Before arrival of British
India's gdp was 25% of the world after British left india it was just 3%
They left absolute poverty across the countries which they invaded
Why did you think they came
Ruled by mughals,
@@naveencan7612 our wealth
@@el-jp3xp 😂😂😂😂 mughal those puppets of marathas and Sikhs 😂😂😁😂😂😂😂😂
Muziris is KODUNGALLOOR ( CRANGANORE ), its an island from chettuwa to kottappuram surrounded by the sea & the river but the intesresting fact is the people living there don't realise it's an island. Yes, there was a huge flood destroying the port & changing the course of the port sites to now kochi. Remember all the early religious starting gateway were in kodungalloor be it christianity, jewish, islam, buddhist etc.
Yeah..first mosque of Islam and place where St.Thomas said to have landed ...
Muziris is not Kodungaloor, as per recent excavations it is understood that the port was located at the present day Pattanam, near North Paravur, Ernakulam/ Kochi district.
There is a long history along North Paravur itself, Chendamangalam area was a cosmopolitan society with Dutch, Jews during mediaeval times. The ancient remnants are still excavating.
Muziris seems to be a large port city, extending all through out the beaches in an around old periyaar river mouth. It should extend between azhikode and munambam.It should have to be such large so that Romans were astonished.Some where in between these land mark,were the city centre. It should be mostly in near modern day angamaly. Religious estabishments in the city were located in the northern part of the city, may be because the native kings felt its better to keep the other new religions out the the city limits because of obvious reasons .Thus they were located at kodungallor area, north of the river mouth.But the city as such may be vast, about 25 km extending,from north to south.
@@sigmarules9429 i think you need to research more, the course of periyar river has been changed since ages, there are scientific proofs you'll come to know if you google. It was believed yesteryear Pattanam used to be the major port and evidences have been excavated. And angamaly region predominantly remained as a outskirt rural maybe a settlement might have been there but we haven't received any evidence. Major developments happened across river side and near to sea.
@@MrVisOnline what are the proofs to say that pattanam was the city centre?
Original name Muchiri, commonly anglicized as Muziris (Ancient Greek: Μουζιρίς, Old Malayalam: Muciri or Muciripattanam possibly identical with the medieval Muyirikode) was an ancient harbour and an urban center on the Malabar Coast.
No this is different
Malayalam word is different not muchirich neither muziris
@@BondJFK what's the meaning? That may help me get to the pronunciation.....
Panvel port five hundred yrs a&9
that areal shot at the begining is so beautiful.. any other place by now would have changed to an ugly concrete Jungle but Kerala still maintains its old heritage intact.. Love you Kerala from Andhra.
Sir, The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history
For Example:
Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C
The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history.
The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc)
There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history.
For Example:
“Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
Kerala one of the most mysterious state because is key part of India
Nope it was never,will never.
@@el-jp3xp bot 😂
The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history
For Example:
Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C
The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history.
The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc)
There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history.
For Example:
“Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
Kerala has history with syrains, jews, Portuguese , Dutch and Chinese, just because you North Indians doesn't know our history, that doesn't means it doesn't exist
Thats so sad😂
Need a thorough and scientific research from the international level about this great ancient port. Can be traced the great past of international trade.
I am from Muzris, now that it is named Kodungallur.
Its a Historically significant place. Islam first came to whole of subcontinent in Kerala to Muzris during the time of Prophet Muhammed(SAW) and the first mosque in whole of south asia is also built here, probably oldest outside Arabia. Christianity too was first introduced through Thomas the Apostle. It was an important trading route before it was destroyed by a flood in the 12 or 13th century. Love that its getting the recognition now that it deserved.
Muzris is pride of Kerala... Love my State ❤️
Muzris is near pattanam kavala near North paravoor. Cheraman kingdom used to be near kottapurram
Also St Thomas, one of the twelve apostles of Jesus Christ arrived in Muzaris in 1st century and organised 8 christians churches/communities
Sir, The 18th Century folk-tale as recorded by the Traveler 'Paolino da San Bartolomeo' that the 'Puthuvaippu Era' of Malabar (Kerala) beginning at 1341 C.E was the formation of the group of Islands from out of the sea is disproven by the Elamkunnapuzha Temple records which refers to its construction as 'Kali Era' chronogram 'Visvesasaktimaya' or 1185 C.E
The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history
For Example:
Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C
The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history.
The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc)
There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history.
For Example:
“Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
Kerala -Muziris :One of the ancient Christians communities dating back to 2000 years ,One of the ancient Jewish community and the oldest synagogue ,One of the oldest Muslim community who have direct relationship with prophet Muhammad and the oldest mosque and on top the great Hindu Rulers who welcomed them all .The evidences are much there and the people of Kerala are the greatest proof that Muziris do exists somewhere down the ground of Kerala soil ....Afterwards came the britishers and Portuguese and they destroyed everything and looted us left and right ...
Sir, The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history
For Example:
Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C
The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history.
The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc)
There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history.
For Example:
“Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
No wonder that's why it's shithole now. Majority of Kerala people either in gulf or Bengaluru.
😮😢
Fascinating that Pliny the Elder knew of this place; he died during the events of the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD that buried Pompeii and Herculaneum. In the 14th century, Muziris vanished from history, and in the 16th century, Pompeii and Herculaneum were rediscovered. So yeah, it's totally possible for a bustling trade port to disappear from memory.
KERALA ❤️
Muziris is a Greek name, Its original Native Indian Name is "Murachipattanam". It was mentioend in Hindu Scripture including Sangam Literature and Ramayana. Also, Its no mystery why the Port City disappeared in the 14th Centurym It co-incides with the accounts of the First Bubonic Plague in Europe.
They know it from greek text. Its not the indian curious to look for it. Indian dont even care about its history. Its the curious westerners looking for all the lost places for the sake of world history
But no doubt many Indian whiners and thumb-suckers will blame the British for that too!
I was thinking why India has a Egyptian sounding name
No you're wrong. That was different. Muziris was mahodayapuram(malayalam/sanskrit) also referred makotai ( tamil)
@@abhisekdas435 it's malayalam not indian
Also, St Thomas, one of the twelve apostles of Jesus Christ arrived in Muzaris in 1st century AD and organised 8 christians churches/communities.
Somehow, people are not interested in bringing up such a historical fact... It's literally the origin of Christianity in India....
Also Islam
@@Chachus-vy1xwislam 600 AD chera king converted by arab women or money😂😂
@@keralanaturelover196 ayine
@@keralanaturelover196 he converted to islam when came about to know about Prophet Muhammad
Love from that very part of the world
Kodungallur “Muziris”
Sir, The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history
For Example:
Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C
The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history.
The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc)
There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history.
For Example:
“Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
My home town 🙏🏾❤️ truly a gem of a place.
After having lived all over the world, including North America, Kochi is still my favourite.
Muzris Kerala
Humans can learn anywhere.
If you have the heart to want to know
Love from muzris ( Now northparavur - kodungalloor area)
FUN FACT : There was an ancient Roman Temple dedicated to Augustus Caesar in Muziris, which was built due to the good diplomatic and trade relations between South India and Rome at that time......
Where??
@@monumraj1461 In the same city of Muziris
The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history
For Example:
Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C
The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history.
The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc)
There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history.
For Example:
“Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
Sir, The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history
For Example:
Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C
The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history.
The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc)
There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history.
For Example:
“Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
This is why i like BBC. No indian media can do this
Saying about pepper, there is a tower in York, UK, known as Lendal tower, which was leased in 1677 for 500 years at an annual rent of one peppercorn
Wow, is this true 😮
Pepper was more valuable than gold that time
Fascinating window into the history of the region!
Remember watching a doco on a theory based on some evidence that indicated that this was the part of the Roman Empire which Jesus' disciple Thomas (the doubter) travelled to spreading the word of the Gospel!
Apparently there were stories among the locals that said that when the Portuguese arrived, they discovered that there were rudimentary churches already existing, but they were destroyed because they weren't based on Roman Catholicism, & their believers assimilated into Papal churches the Portuguese established.
Tradition has it that St Thomas landed in Kodungalloor in Kerala
Which is very near to were the Muziris port was supposed to be
And he obtained a large following for Christ
In any case Kerala had a Christian tradition long before the Europeans landed in India
I heard Stories like Jesus even came to India. Maybe something is hidden with time
The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history
For Example:
Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C
The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history.
The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc)
There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history.
For Example:
“Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
@@Nithin684 Thanks for that interesting info!
Not all of the churches were assimilated into Roman Catholicism. There are multiple sects in Kerala which wanted to maintain their traditional customs & faith, which they continue to this day. Some of the prominent non-Catholic sects are Malankara Orthodox, Jacobite Orthodox, Marthoma Church, Assyrian Church of East etc.
How St. Thomas came to know about Kerala jews and he landed at Cranganore present day Kodungallore in Kerala obviously the traders from Middle East visited Musiris.
BBC don’t listen to the haters in the comments. Please create more documentaries on India.. whether it’s Modi or anything else. I support you as an Indian.
sepoy spotted.
Bongoli ☕
Didi goondagiri supporter ☕☕
Begum 😂🤣
@@monakandari6160 Bongoli detected, Opinion Rejected 👍
I love India
I love my state.
Muziri Pattinam.. was mentioned in lot of Tamil literature.. it was part of Chera Dynasty.. sad to see not a single archaeologst.. mentioned here.. because they never accept the Tamil kings who are the rulers of present Kerala
Port of Sāmūthiris of Kozhikode and Kings of Cochin...
Always claiming everything to be Tamizh !!!!
Second Chera Empire used Vattezhuttu script/ Old malayalam as they're official Court language..
And then to Manipravalam in 11th century...
Always trying to degrad€ Kerala's history by adding tam!l kings all time ....
Respect
Namaskaram 🙏🏻
@@aadithyanc.k Muziris was trading with Romans (yavanas as called in Sangam poems) during Sangam Age. If you take the time, read and understand Tamil Sangam poems you’ll understand much more.. for starters, Tamilakam as mentioned in Sangam Poems included Kerala, there are tons and tons of poems about Chera kings, their exploits and the places they ruled, not just Muziris. Third Muziri wasn’t the only port yavanas (Greeks/Romans) traded with.. they also made it to Korkai, Kaveripoompatiinam, Mantai, perhaps patna? Sangam poems focused mostly on Tamilakam, so there isn’t much mention of non Tamilakam cities, at least not as extensively.. but there are mentions of other Kingdoms though, like Mauryas.. anyways I use Tamil here, because it is explicitly mentioned in Sangam poems..
@@aadithyanc.k You are talking about 13th century onwards..I was saying before that.. fact should be accepted.. no intention to degrade our brothers Malayalies.. 2000 yrs Old Tamil literature Celapategaram(சிலப்பதிகாரம்)was written by Elangoadigal was a brother of chera King Senguttuvan
@@thangaveluganesan9634 the argument feels like same as Sri Lankans who doesn't wanna consider Ramayana to be true or Ravana being connected to Hinduism in any way coz it may threaten their identity. But how would it threaten the identity of the present era when the things people are talking about the past era?
People fail to understand that not accepting is history denied nothing else. Ego kills truth
You present day tamils are descendants of Pandyas and chollas only... Cheras are ancestors of Malayalees... Cheralam - Keralam.
Wow! This BBC cut taught me about my very own history. Muziris - what a grand name!
It is actually Musiri. It's one of the most celebrated Ports in Tamil Literature.
Sir, The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history
For Example:
Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C
The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history.
The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc)
There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history.
For Example:
“Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
@@ellavanr632no you fool
Kerala: God's Own Country
Kerala's history is older than Christianity, Judaism, Islam.
Devil's own people 😈
@@-rate6326 🤡 🤦♀️, doesn’t know anything about Judaism but decided to open his 💩 mouth
@@melroyreus3417 buddhism broke off from Hinduism too? Right? Why not consider it old too.
It reminds me of muslim simping for that moroccan university while their own country had universities way before that. It's identity crisis.
The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history
For Example:
Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C
The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history.
The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc)
There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history.
For Example:
“Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
Muziris was considered an option for king Solomons golden Ophir. Solomon ships went to Ophir and returned with gold, peacocks and exotic woods. Supposedly, in Ophir, gold was used as bricks ( probably gold bearing ore ) people think Ophir was in East Africa, Muziris, srilanka or Phillipines
Ophir was Kerala.
The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history
For Example:
Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C
The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history.
The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc)
There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history.
For Example:
“Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
Sir, The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history
For Example:
Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C
The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history.
The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc)
There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history.
For Example:
“Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
Salt and pepper archaeology. The port is probably under water, just like my great great grandfathers mansion on the coast of Quilon. Was a trader to and from Portugal.
Can you please explain more about it?
India is to face annual rains, cyclone and floods because being prepared is important for our country.
Musiris had a connection with "kodumanal" an ancient industrial city in chera kingdom (present day erode district of tamilnadu). Even the damascus sword was made from the iron exported from "kodumanal".
The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history
For Example:
Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C
The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history.
The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc)
There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history.
For Example:
“Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
@@Nithin684 OK......VANCHI (PRESENT DAY KARUR DISTRICT IN TAMILNADU) IS ALSO THE CAPITAL OF CHERAS. JUST FOR INFORMATION. What are you trying to say bro... what is your intention.
The land of 'Kerala or Keralajanapadha or Keralaputhra' in Indian history since the 3rd Century B.C referred to as Malayalam, Malanadu, Malamandalam etc in Kerala history after the Sanskrit word 'Malaya' as denoting the western ghats did not consist of any region East of the Ghats or the region of Tamil Nadu once referred to as 'Kongu-Nadu, Pandi-Nadu, Chola-Nadu etc' in Indian history hence, the land of Kerala or 'Keralaputhra' in Indian history was referred to as 'Male or Malabar' by the Foreign Travelers since the 6th Century C.E or as 'Kerala' in the various Sanskrit literary works of ancient India.
For Example: Raghuvamsha - Kalidasa - 5th Century C.E - "....Kerala yoshitham alakeshu... - meaning - "the locks of curled hair of the Kerala women"
The ancient European travelers of the 1st and 2nd century C.E have referred to the geographical region of North India or the land between Himalaya mountains and Vindhya mountains as 'Ariaca' after the Sanskrit word 'Aryaka' (i.e Aryadesha) just as they have referred to the Dravidian language speaking geographical region of South India as extending up to ‘Keprobothras’ (i.e Keralaputhra in Sanskrit) as 'Dakinabades' after the Sanskrit word 'Dakshinapatha’ whereas they have referred to the geographical region of Kerala (i.e Keralaputhra) as 'Damirica' after the Sanskrit word 'Dramidaka' (i.e Dramidadesha) meaning the southernmost region of Bharata (i.e Indian subcontinent) hence the Oldest literary works and inscriptions of Kerala itself refers to the geographical region of Kerala as 'Dramida' in which the city of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayarpattanam in Old Malayalam) or Thiruvanchikulam (i.e Srianjanakhalam in Sanskrit) or Muyirikodu (muziris) in Old Malayalam as situated on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Mahanadhi, Choorni etc in Sanskrit) was the capital of the Kerala king titled as 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit
The Matrilineal system of inheritance or 'Marumakkathayam' in Malayalam is referred to as 'Mathruparamparya' in the Sanskrit works of ancient India and the Mahadeva temple of 'Thiruvanchikulam' in Kerala (i.e Anjanakhala in Sanskrit) is the Kuladevatha (i.e tutelary-deity) of the Matrilineal royal family of Kerala (Malabar) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) in Kerala (Malabar) history and similarly Yakshan Keralan, Godha Keralan, Kerala Narayanan, Keralan Srikumaran etc are the various other personal names of Keralites as present in the Oldest Inscriptions of Kerala in Old Malayalam since the 9th century C.E as the Kerala-Country and its capital was under the dominion of the Naaduvaazhikal (i.e vallabhapattanam king, mahodhayapattanam king, kolambhapattanam king etc) as attested by native records and foreign travelers including Al-Biruni since the 11th century C.E
For Example: "Malabar (i.e Malayalam Country) is a great province lying towards the west 'of the province of Bandi (i.e Pandya)' and the people here have a language of their own and a king of their own and pay tribute to nobody." - Marco Polo (13th century C.E).
The 7th century to 12th century inscriptions of Tamil Nadu refers to multiple Pandya kings and Chola kings as having invaded the region of “Malainadu or Kerala” and the Tamil Nadu king Raja Raja Chola (985 C.E -1014 C.E) in his inscriptions on the conquest of Kerala claims that his army invaded the country which was the Creation Of Parashurama (Kerala) and plundered the town of Vizhinjam, Kollam, Kodungallur etc which itself shows that the land of Kerala was known as the Parashurama Kshetra (i.e creation of parashurama) among even the non-keralites in history.
The south Indian Invaders from Tamil Nadu, Karnataka etc until the 12th century C.E have referred to the various kings of Kerala (Malabar) by their hereditary titles such as 'Ramaghata Mushaka, Vira Kerala, Kupaka etc' as situated in the present day Kerala as 'Sera, Serala, Chera, Cherama etc' in their Dravidian languages and as 'Kerala' in Sanskrit hence the Kerala-Country (i.e Keraladesha in Sanskrit) was referred to as Cheraman-Nadu, Cheraman-Loka, Chera-Bhumi etc in Kerala records itself.
:
For Example: "...sarvam eve anupashyata tathaiva Andhran cha Pundran cha Cholan, Pandyan, Keralan." - Valmiki Ramayanam - Kishkindha KandaT
There are places with common names in Kerala and Tamil Nadu even today (ex. Thondi, Musiri, Karur etc) thus it doesn't mean that the places of Kerala or 'Keralaputhra' referred to as 'Tyndis, Muziris, Karoura etc' by the travelers in the past were referring to the settlement of the people of Karur district in Tamill Nadu or any other people of Tamil Nadu referred to as a 'Pandi, Chola, Konga, Thonda' in all of known Indian history including Kerala (Malabar) history but the people of Kerala referred to as ‘Keralar' and 'Malayalar' alone in Indian history.
@@Nithin684 Bro i already knew those. Malaya is not sanskrit word and malai its tamil word or malayalam word only. Vanchi was the ancient capital of cheras and musiris and tondi were the most important port cities. Kerala was also called as vanchinadu. Kongu nadu was under kongu cheras after 6th century and before it was under collective cheras only.
Kerala and Tamil Nadu were two different communities that developed in the adjacent regions of the western ghats with commonality in the dynasty of Kings (i.e Kerala) in history but the politics, language, social system, religious practices, social customs, architecture, festivals, arts etc of Keralam (i.e Malayalam, Malanadu, Malamandalam etc) were all quite distinct from Tamil Nadu region since earliest known history.
For Example: There are inscriptions as denoting the Kerala kings titled as 'Kerala Varma, Keraladhiraja etc' as also found from 'Tirunelveli district, Dindigul district etc' in Tamil Nadu history but these regions of Tamil Nadu historically known as 'Pandi-Nadu, Kongu-Nadu etc' in Indian history was never ever known as 'Kerala or Keralaputhra or, Keraladesha etc' in Indian history.
The land as bounded by the Malayadri mountains (western ghats) to the East and the Ocean to the West is known as 'Kerala or Malayala' in all of known Indian history as For Example, the 11th century Sanskrit Poet Bilhana in his work refers to several kingdoms as having surrendered to the King Vikrama (1076 - 1126 C.E) of Karnataka including Konkana (konkan region), Alupa (tulu region), Chola, Pandya etc whereas the poet Bilhana mentions that the Elephants of the King Vikrama as having stirred the sandalwood trees on the Malaya Mountains (western ghats) in his conquest of Kerala
For Example: “Abhajyantha gajaisthasya leelayaa malayaadhruma samam Kerala….” - Vikramankadevacharitha - Kavi Bilhana (11th Century C.E)
The term 'Tamizhakam' in the Tamil grammar Tolkapiyam itself is the transliteration of 'Dramidaka' in Sanskrit and not denoting a single culture or language or kingdom or history but a common geographical region as consisting of KL and TN thereby the author has recognised 12 regional dialects in which 5 dialects are pertaining to Kerala and 7 dialects are pertaining to Tamil Nadu just as the Tamil grammar Nannul of the 13th century hence the Kerala records have also differentiated the language of Dramida (i.e Tamizh) into Pandyabhasha (pandi language), Cholabhasha (chola language) and Keralabhasha (malayalam language) in history.
For Example: "Keralaanaam dramida shabdhavaachythvaad apabhramshena tadbhaasha tamizh ithyuchyathe" - Lilathilakam - Meaning - "The language of Kerala is known as Tamizh in the vernacular through the phonetic modification of the word Dramida."
The inscriptions of Kerala as dated between the 9th century C.E and 12th Century C.E is referred to as 'Old Malayalam' by linguists because the inscriptions of Kerala as dated between the 13th century C.E and 16th century C.E shows linguistic continuity with minimal differences hence it is termed as 'Middle Malayalam' by linguists.Malayalam language (i.e Keralabhasha) is just as old and classical as any other Dravidian languages including Tamil hence the phonology and vocabulary of Keralites to this very day are found in the Oldest mythological literary works and inscriptions of Tamil Nadu (ex. njan, njandu, thudangi, pettu, aliyan, achan etc) as the grammatical principles of Malayalam language (i.e Keralabhasha) was contrasting from the ‘Tamizh’ of the inhabitants of Tamil Nadu due to the phonological and morphological differences between the regional languages of the East and West of the Ghats mountain ranges since known history. (Ex. Njan in Malayalam is Nan in Tamil)
The terms 'Tamizh, Naazhi, Pazham, Pavizham, Makizham etc' in Old Malayalam are all derived from the Sanskrit words 'Dramida, Naadi, Phala, Pravala, Makula etc' as such phonetic modifications or transliterations of Sanskrit words are present in all the Dravidian languages since known literary history and similarly, the terms 'Ketala, Choda, Pada' etc in the Ashoka Edicts of the 3rd Century B.C in Prakrit language are the transliterations of the Sanskrit word 'Kerala, Chola, Pandya' etc as attested by all linguists today.
The terms Cherakon (i.e Keralakularaaja in Sanskrit), Kunnalakon (i.e Shailabdhishvara in Sanskrit), Valluvakon (i.e Vallabhakshoni in Sanskrit), Piraamanar (i.e Brahmana in Sanskrit) etc as found in Old Malayalam and Middle Malayalam inscriptions and literary works are NOT denoting the people of Tamil Nadu or 'Tamilans' irrespective of caste referred to as a 'Pandi, Chola, Konga, Thonda' in all of known Indian history but the people of Kerala referred to as 'Keralar' and 'Malayalar' alone in Indian history.
The region of modern Tamil Nadu as consisting of dharmapuri, salem, karur, coimbatore etc as comprising of an earlier independent territorial unit known as ‘Kongu-Nadu’ was occupied by 'Rastragutas, Gangas, Adiyaman, Cholas, Pandyas etc' until the 12th Century C.E whereas it is the land of Kerala as comprising of the independent territorial unit known as ‘Malayalam’ or 'Malabar' who were under the local chieftains referred to as ‘Sera, Serala, Chera', Cherama’ etc until the 12th century C.E and thereafter in Indian history.
:
For Example: "The pagans (Hindus) of Malabar (Kerala) believes that a king (i.e a King of Kerala or Cheraman) had once ascended up to heaven and they continue to expect his descent therefore they assemble at cranganore (Kodungallur) and keep ready there wooden sandals, water and adorn the place with lamps and decorations on a certain night of the year" - Tuhfat al Mujahidin (16th Century C.E)
The term Vanchi, Vanchiyoor etc are common place names of Kerala and Tamil Nadu just as the term 'Mala, Malai etc' whereas the term ''Malayala or Malayalaka' in Indian history is not denoting some hill (malai) in Tamil Nadu region once referred to as 'Kongu-Nadu, Pandi-Nadu, Chola-Nadu etc' in Indian history but the land of Kerala referred to as 'Keralaputhra' in the Ashoka Edicts since the 3rd Century B.C or as 'Male or Malabar' by the Foreign travelers since the 6th Century C.E in the historical accounts.
For Example:
The kings of Kerala were referred to as 'Malayala Thiruvadi' in the inscription of South India as dated to the 13th Century C.E while the kings of Tamil Nadu were referred to as Pandya and Chola in the same inscription because the people of Tamil Nadu now known as 'Tamilans' were referred to as a 'Pandi, Chola, Konga, Thonda' in all of known Indian history while the people of Kerala including the Kings were referred to as 'Keralar' and 'Malayalar' alone in Indian history.
BBC you guys do some pure 24K reporting!!! Shine on and continue to amaze us every time!!!!
Muziris is kodungallur......
The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history
For Example:
Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C
The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history.
The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc)
There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history.
For Example:
“Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
2,500 years old Tamil Sangam Literature 'Purananuru' talks about Chera Kingdom's port Muzuris, it's global trade and wealth.
Thank You BBC , for making this informative documentary. 🙏
Hy bro...bbc is an anti India media organisation ...u should not 🚫 thank them 🤦🏻♂️🤣
Yes, please beg more maybe they will make another one to pamper South Indians dividing Bharat into North & South. No wonder, looking at you, how they managed to do it decades ago as well.
@@shivamgautam949 😂
Only bbc can do this.
@@shivamgautam949They respect our identity but you sell us and our land to your Saffron masters and their Crony Capitalist.
You communalists can't accept real history but your Mythology is history. We are proud of our Historical identity.
Indo Roman trade one of the main information video is very nice . The Archaeological escavations continued to be muzris , because valuable information for the sight . Proud of you KCHR.👍
BBC always amazes me with their choice of documentary topics. They are always amazing to watch 👍
Islamist bot everywhere
Tu har jegah h
Defund BBC
Paratha
Sir, The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history
For Example:
Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C
The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history.
The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc)
There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history.
For Example:
“Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
India still produces 70% of all total spices of the Universe. 🙂
And ruins everything by coriander on fkn everything
@@GetItRightUpYees what?
@@GetItRightUpYees Naah it's you guys who don't understand what you steal from others. Indians don't put coriander in everything. That's a British corruption of Indian cuisine coz your guys don't understand nuance in cooking.
Earn 1$ per day 😂
@@kalbitmalbit2312 oops another racist entered the chat hey👋 Tribal people.
Not Missouri , but Muziris
Not in America , but India
Cheras 🔥🔥
My Hometown❤️🫶
We need to unearth the history of the Cheran Kingdom.
@ 1:59, 5:05 paleobotany should give some insights here.
The Nypa palm ( described in Hortus Malabaricus), that was growing along South West Coast of India saw *progressive restriction* by 1800s.
Could the 1341 floods have restructured the lagoon system, favourable for Nypa growth (cr. ref., Badvae, Sakurkar; In Current Science, 1407- 1409, 85/10, 2003).
Kodungallur-Musiris..
Begum has lost her appeal. Right decision.
Please mention Kerala.
Malayali poli ada 💯🔥😍 pattanam,kochi , Kerala🔥
Pinnallah 😅😅
മലയാളം ഉണ്ടാവുന്ന കാലത്തെ നശിച്ചുപോയ തുറമുഖമാ
They all were Tamils. but now they speaks malayalam.
The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history
For Example:
Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C
The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history.
The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc)
There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history.
For Example:
“Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
@@NagaTamilnadu😂now is what matters
It was on the spice route, so this is not something surprising . But why did it disappear overnight ? Ocean is still there , It is a trade route even now . We know why ancient ports of Gujarat disappeared..
Only muziris i know is muziris binalle in fort kochi
It has been named after this
I have always thought kodungallooor was Muziris
Musiri belongs to chera dynasty of ancient tamil kingdom. The ancient tamil classic literature sangam(atleast 2300 years old) which celebrates the port city of musiri and vanchi (the capital city of chera dynasty).
Tamil kingdom 🤣please don't use that name 🙏
@@THIRU8x yes, it is my chera kingdom.
@Anandhu Ramu if u have forgotten tamil, ur history can't erase it..only in tamil literature, muziri occompolishments are mentioned
@@msel04 ഒന്ന് പോടാ എണീറ്റ് നീയൊക്കെ പണ്ടത്തെ തമിഴ് എന്നുപറയുന്ന സാധനവും നീയൊക്കെ ഇപ്പോഴത്തെതമിഴ് എന്ന് പറയുന്ന സാധനം തമ്മിൽ എന്തോ ഒരു അകൽച്ച ഉണ്ടെന്ന് ആദ്യം പോയി പഠിച്ചിട്ടു വാ മോനെ
@@THIRU8x first u go and find the difference between the chera tamil which was spoken in 1000 AD and now in 2022... do u know or don't know?. Calling poda, vanda...in a social media like a lay man...
Good Kerala history 👏 not Tamil history. Malayalam started 800 AD. We are Keralite now
India been trading for thousands of years to many countries. Tamil and Sanskrit are the oldest languages
Sanskrit new language created by brahmins by mixing tamil words to nepali hindi Russian etc😂
Baseline is that some Roman uncle of Columbus discovered South India.
Sick of Tamils claiming cultural heritage of Malayalees.
There was, no malayali before 10century...
Lol Malayalam got classical language status by showing Sangam Literature.
The video literally said the main source of this port city is Sangam Literature(300 bc) which is a tamil literature and Kerala was ruled by Tamil Kings 600 BC - 1300 AD . Malayalees are ones claiming tamil cultural heritage
@@Rajkumar-ul7ko there are no tamilians, bc they are a bunch of Dravidian Tribes.
The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history
For Example:
Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C
The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history.
The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc)
There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history.
For Example:
“Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
The locals should be inquired, sometimes they take back stones and keep them as sacred items. Also climate change in visible just now, rising sea level and lands collapsing has been around for centuries.
Chera dynasty ❤🧡🧡❤❤🧡🧡❤
Please do a documentary on British loot of India.
amazing kerala❤️
Archeologists that are really interested in the past, should read the itihaas and start looking from there.
Chera Dyansty are the founders of Kerala.
Chera Dynasty was founders of "Chera kingdom". Not Kerala.
Poda pandi
@@el-jp3xp vennai attu
@@el-jp3xp poda patti
@@chairpants chera kingdom is actually is kerala
It's not muziris it's called musuri in sangam era and the old chera kingdom and now called kerala
The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history
For Example:
Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C
The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history.
The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc)
There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history.
For Example:
“Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
If this port was once viewed as one the world's most influential key center of trading, how can it be wiped out of the map without any trace?
There was huge flood in the 14th century which destroyed and changed most waterways in this part of kerala...tales of that huge flood is still passed down from generations...it's called the flood of 1341
@@sarants4488 It's a myth.
Deliberately wiped out by foreign invaders. Govt trying hard to revive the past
Bad record keeping?
@@sarants4488 a flood of that massive would have influenced the population of kerala but i dont see any ,p
Muziris is pattanam near North paravoor and not kodungallur or azhikode as previously thought. Excavation proves that the centre was located in pattanam or may be between pattanam to kottapurram.
Sir, The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history
For Example:
Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C
The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history.
The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc)
There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history.
For Example:
“Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
Kerala was the centre of spice Trade . And Black Pepper - King of Spices is indigenous to Kerala .
For your kind information it is karnataka is the top producer of pepper and kannada Queen Channabhaira devi was called as Queen of black pepper by Portuguese... Get some knowledge.. Karnataka produce way more spices than Kerala.
@@rajavishnuvardhana6830 haha ... 😄 that's the reason why Vasco Da Gama landed on Mysore port right. 😄. This Kannadigas and Tamilians are always joke
@@rajavishnuvardhana6830 karnataka is now highest producer of black pepper, but kerala was highest producer in entire world
The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history
For Example:
Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C
The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history.
The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc)
There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history.
For Example:
“Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
Great work.
When rest of india was in dark ages we keralites were at the peak of Civilization, that continues even today,
Proud and love you motherland keralam,
LOL? Have you heard of ancient universities in North India? ex: Nalanda, Taxila etc?
Kerala is pretty much in Dark age now a days..
With Highest 20% unemployment.. No jobs.. and Youth Leaving State to do.. shitty jobs in Gulf
@@rahulkundu6961 and north indians are washing our @$$,
@pawaniyer wat about now?
Lol indus velly civilization 5000 yr old
There is a place very near to Pattanam called " Moothakunnam" , in ancient times this place is called "mootth-arasi-kunnam" ....This 'Mootharasikunnam' in foreign tounge is called "Musiris".
Very good brother
Seems likely
The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history
For Example:
Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C
The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history.
The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc)
There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history.
For Example:
“Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
Sir, The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history
For Example:
Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C
The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history.
The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc)
There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history.
For Example:
“Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
What about the Tyndis, another ancient port which is believed to be present Ponnani mentioned along with Muziris in the early European records?
Ponnani in Malappuram district aaano
@@anjidjrjr6984 yes
Sir, The 1st century and 2nd century European travelers specifically refers to the capital of 'Keralaputhra' in Sanskrit (i.e Kaelobothras, Keprobothras etc in Greek) as situated 20 stadia (3 km) inland from the sea-coast or in present day Kerala in which the port city of 'Muziris' (i.e Kodungallur) on the banks of the river 'Pseudostomus' (i.e Periyar river) as situated therefore it was also referred to as 'Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc' by the Foreign Travelers since the 10th Century C.E after the native Malayalam word 'Changalazhi' as denoting the Estuary at Kodungallur hence the Earliest extant Kerala literary works itself refers to the port city of 'Kodungallur' (i.e Muziris in Greek) on the banks of the river Periyar (i.e Pseudostomus in Greek) as the 'Nripapuri' (i.e Capital) of the Kerala king titled as 'Keraladhinatha, Keraladhishvara etc' in Sanskrit (i.e Keralaputhra) in Kerala history
For Example:
Kerala is not only the country, but also the Kshathriya-king inhabiting the country" - Vaarthika of Kaathyayana pre-3rd Century B.C
The Periyar river and its tributaries in Malayalam was known as 'Mahanadhi, Choorni, Marudhvritha, Nau (chalakkudi river) etc' in Sanskrit and the royal family of Mahodayapuram (i.e Makkothayar-Pattanam in Malayalam) titled as belonging to the 'Keralakula' (i.e Kerala-Dynasty) was known as 'Bahuvyapthi' meaning 'having great expansion' (i.e Perum-Padarppu in Malayalam) in the Sanskrit works of Kerala until the 14th Century C.E among which the port-town of Kochi (i.e Gosrinagara in Sanskrit) referred to as 'Cocym' by the Foreign Travelers since the 15th Century C.E was the property of the 'Elaya Thavazhi' referred to as 'Narayana Varma, Govindha Varma, Rama Varma etc' until the 15th Century C.E or since Pre-Portuguese Period in Kerala (Malabar) history.
The term 'Keshavan, Kashu, Ashudham etc' in Malayalam are also written as 'Keyavan, Kayu, Ayitham etc' in the inscriptions and similarly, the term 'Muyirikodu' in the inscription is to be read as 'Mushirikodu'. (I.e Muziris in Greek) aka 'Changalazhi' in Malayalam until the 14th Century C.E (i.e Jangli, Shinkali, Gingaleh etc)
There is an agreement known as 'Muziris-Papyrus' from the 2nd Century C.E which documents the trade agreement between Muziris (i.e Kodungallur) and Alexandria and simialrly, the port-cities of Kerala were at the height of its prosperity with trade relations from all over the world since the 1st Century C.E to the medieval period of Indian history.
For Example:
“Among all the places in the world I have seen none equal to the Port of Alexandria except Kawlam (Kollam in Kerala) and Calicut (Kozhikodu in Kerala) in India” - Ibn Battuta (14th century C.E)
Intresting
bro, people worried about kohinoor diamond , but britishers gave so much to india they build schools , roads , brought trains, plains , electricity and so many things which are most imp than kohinoor diamond !!
Well that's done to only brainwash the so called natives into submission and to make their minds dull, to make things along the rulers ways, which specifically was to pull of the biggest heist done by any country summing up the value to nearly £45 trillion. And of course like hunting, occasionally causing a famine here and there which killed a few million people in the streets in skeleton like figures. Yeah, the Raj was so entertaining for them.
😂😂😂😂 average communist history book readers comment. They done all that thing for there personal benefit not for helping us 😂😂😂
@Too Many NPC’s nope I have lot of other important work than wasting my time on video games. Keep your idea upto yourself 😁😁😁😁
@@toomanynpcs7710 Algorithms used to create technology based items was discovered by Alqawarizmi a Muslim from Iraq or Yemen if I recall. India was doing fine before it was ransacked by the British. The British took a lot more than the Kohinoor. A once powerful nation with people who had their own pride shrunken to nothing more than slaves to the British.
Don't talk bs..they exploited India and other parts of the world to make their country Britan richer
❤❤❤❤ Muzris
Proud malayalee,
They all were Tamils. but now they speaks malayalam. I*n sangam time there is no Malayalam. Actually u r a Tamilian
@@NagaTamilnadu Tamils are Black and different people than malayalies. It doesn't matter they were part of a same Kingdom but still different people.
@@jimthomas-tt9sn tamils are not only black. according to living place skin tone will change. Chera dynasty language was Tamil. In that period there was no Malayalam Language. Malayalam language is a youngest language in India likewise Hindi. Bhramins inserted sankrit in Tamil in thiruvanandhapuram samasthanam period (Approxmately in 16th century). then in portuguese period eluthachan created Script for that Tamil, sanskrit mixed slang for print the Bible. this is the story of Malayalam. these all things happend in 16th century. after Portuguese entry you chera dynasty people mixed with european. that's y some of yours's color tone are bright. ( not everyone). My Kerala friends skin tone are darker than me. finally you don't know about your original language and History. You are Tamil People. this is the True even you ignore. list out your ancient literature which is written in Malayalam. In Tamil Culture everyone knows their father name. our women are living with single husband ever. I heard that women from few casts in kerala were Living with many men in same time (after chera Dynasty). so that children did not now their original father.
keralites are immigrants in india
@@rdx706 no bro. They were Tamil people belongs to chera Dynasty. Many of North Indians are immigrants
Very nice.
Your documentary omits an important aspect of முசிறி (Musiri) in respect to Tamil and Tamils.
- The fact is that Musiri was the port-town of the சேரர் (Cherer), one of the 3 Tamil royal dynasties of Thamilagam, which ruled the entire region now called Kerala till the 14th CE.
- The Sangam literature that you had referred to is in Tamil and is part of the Tamil's ancient literature, now dated to 500 BCE. I hope your omission of this important fact, establishing that Musiri was a Tamil port and established even earlier than Pliny, was not intentional.
- The writings on the pottery unearthed at Pattanam are in the தமிழி (Thamizhi) script, again confirming the ties to Tamil and Tamils.
- Musiri cannot be found or confirmed without acknowledging the ties to Tamil and therefore researching Tamil treatises for references to and location of Musiri.
Regards,
Thevar Tamil.
The West ignores the Tamil not out of spite or politics, but out of ignorance and laziness. Most of us just don't know who the Tamil are, I am very sorry to report
Yuck off pandi
Yes, you are right Kerala was part of Tamil kingdoms (Pandyas, Cholas and Cheras), in the distant past. The Malayalam language itself is derived from Tamil. South Indian states have historical, cultural and linguistic ties because of the kingdoms that were in power during ancient and medieval period.
its 800 BCE not 500 .
No need. This place is now Kerala. Singapore is a tamil name. But have nothing to modern Tamil nadu.
Good one....
Now who is going to update our garbage NCERT?
Nitpick: at 1:22 when you're talking about how Romans valued pepper as much as gold, you're showing the wrong spice. To the ancient Romans, "Indian Long Pepper" was pepper. Do an image search for "long pepper" and you'll immediately spot the difference. They look like completely different spices because they are; they aren't even the same species.
Our modern black pepper pushed out long pepper for the usual reason: It tasted enough like it to pass for it, and it could be grown for half the price. It flooded the market. In a few generations, when you said pepper, everyone thought of black pepper, not long pepper.
Let me tell the truth.
1) Musiri/Mizuris was an ancient Tamil port of the Chera Kingdom which lasted from atleast 300BCE to 1400 AD.
1) After 1400 AD after the fall of Tamil kings, the brahmins and Nayar clans together heavily Sanskritized the language giving rise to the development of Malayalam from Tamil in that region.
3) Excavations were done at the area suspected to be Mizuri and guess what they found; artifacts from all over the world and lots of Tamil inscriptions. But the people who now live there speak Malayalam and they don't want to accept their Tamil roots
4) So, they gave case in court saying that the excavations are twisting history and so the court ordered the excavations to stop. The Malayalees don't want to dig their Tamil past.
6) So Musiri/Mizuris won't be really found or dug up again.
Suppose something is dug up in Pakistan,will the Indian diplomats go and fight over there by saying that before 1947 Pakistan was a part of India ,so they should return it to India??
Bruh !
@@skimmytyres Even Pakistan might give back anything they dug as they are not interested in Hindu artifacts. Pre-Hindu artifacts they value.
Here, even though both are in the same country, they stopped excavations because they found Tamil artifacts. Funny thing is that the excavations were not even done by Kerala government. It was done by Archeological Society of India. So to stop the central government, they gave case in court and got stay order. So that much hatred they have in mind.
@@ellavanr632 why you bringing Hindu or anything in between bruh ! You are the one with so much hatred i guess ,when people are fond of history and talking about that ,you are the only one who started about your pride Tamil legacy,ofcourse accepting the fact oldest existing language is Tamil,there are alot of temples in Tamil ,and so many stuffs but ,but the thing that makes you great is your humbleness..ig you should learn something from the life story of A.P.J Abdul Kalam sir
@@skimmytyres I posted the truth. It's haram to preserve any non-Islamic items so Pakistan won't do it. You are the one who brought Pakistan in here in the first place.
I don't claim that Tamil ia oldest ever, but I will point out the Truth and what has happened.
@@ellavanr632 so if they unearth a pot ,how will they find it out wthr it's Islamic or non islamic !?
During medieval period after Beijing hampii capital of vijay nagar empire was richest city of planet
Vijayanagara may have actually been bigger and wealthier than Beijing
Proud that no outsiders ruled keralam altogether, .
@@pawaniyer never a white,
Yeah Britishers were brown...... 🥴😑
Haha really? Chera kings were Tamils and the Brits ruled over whole Kerala through puppet princely states
Vijay nagar!?
Britisher were kerelites ?
Damn did not knew that
And vijaynagara empire ? Chola empire ?
Did keralites even had thire own empire ?
കേരള ചരിത്രത്തെ സംബന്ധിച്ച് എല്ലാം കൊണ്ടും 9 - ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ടിനു മുൻപ് ഉള്ള കാലം ചരിത്രാതീത കാലം ആണ് . കേരള ഭാഷയും സംസ്കാരവും ഉരുത്തിരിഞ്ഞു വരുന്നത് പൊതു വർഷം 9 - ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ടിനു ശേഷം ആര്യ ബ്രാഹ്മണ നമ്പൂതിരിമാരുടെ സാമൂഹിക സാംസ്കാരിക ഇടപെടൽ മൂലം ആര്യ വൽക്കരണം കാരണം ( Aryanisation ) ആണ് .
പാണ്ടി തമിഴിന്റെ പാരമ്പര്യം ഉള്ള പണ്ടയ ചേര നാട്ടിലെ ഭാഗം ആയിരുന്നു നമ്മുടെ കേരളം ഏകദേശം 9 - ആം നൂറ്റാണ്ട് വരെ . മലയാള വർഷം തുടങ്ങുന്നത് പൊതു വർഷം 825 ആഗസ്റ്റ് 17 മുതൽക്കാണ് . മലയാള ഭാഷയുടെ ആദ്യത്തെ എഴുത്ത് വടിവം ഏകദേശം പൊതു വർഷം 830 ൽ തമിഴിനും മലയാളത്തിനും പൊതുവായ വട്ടെഴുത്ത് ലിപിയും സംസ്കൃത അക്ഷരങ്ങൾ എഴുതാൻ ഗ്രന്ഥ ലിപിം ഉപയോഗിച്ച വാഴപ്പള്ളി ശാസനം ആണ് . വട്ടെഴുത്ത് ലിപിയിൽ സിറിയൻ ക്രിസ്ത്യൻ സാസനം ഏകദേശം പൊതു വർഷം 849 ൽ , കൊല്ലത്ത് തരിസ എന്ന സ്ഥലത്ത് പള്ളി പണിയുവാൻ നാടുവാഴി നൽകിയത് .
👍🏼
Pattanam means seaport city
Pattanam means town or city in Keralam.
Kerala🥰🥰
Nice documentary
Musiri is a great port of Chera kingdom where ancient Tamils had trade links with Romans
Tamils are in tamilnadu not in Kerala.
Cheralam or Chera Kingdom is present day Keralam.
And in present day who are known as Tamils are pandyas and chollas...not Cheras...
@@CJ-ud8nfthe name Kerala derived from Kera=coconut, not chera. Lol
@@jimthomas-tt9sn Kerala is first mentioned (as Keralaputra) in a 3rd-century-bce rock inscription left by the Mauryan emperor Ashoka. In the last centuries bce this region became famous among the Greeks and Romans for its spices (especially pepper).
Could do without the music
Hmm what an information. Also mention that colonisers used for looting Bharath and those colonisers left us for starving to death. What a documentary
kohinoor diamond should return to India,
Please keep it. It brings bad luck. From Empire, Britain has gone to Heat or Eat. Its now in The Temple, City of Londonium. The one in the crown is a bauble.
Really? Where is the real one? It is cursed? Thank you.
What will we do of that cursed diamond it is destroying Britain that is good thing
There are many looted ancient antiquities in British museums.
@@tanvirzaman8619 The Financial district as it is called now is actually the original city of Londonium. It has its own mayor and police force. Its own laws. Inside that is something called, The Temple. The original Kohinoor is there.
Me watching this in Azikode Beach
What exactly is "secular land"..people have made a joke out of this word..and Bose Krishnamachari heads the Kochi Binale..phew..