Was it Asteroid Impact or Climate Change that Caused the KPg Mass Extinction? | GEO GIRL
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 29 มิ.ย. 2024
- The K-Pg exinction, marked by a global layer of irridium, brought the Cretaceous Period to a close as well as the dinosaurs reign. But what really caused the dinosaurs extinction 66 million years ago? The impact set off major climate and environmental changes that caused the majority of extinctions at this time. The global temperature fluctuated in response to the impact, first with extreme heat immediately after the impact, then with a several month long impact winter that cooled Earth due to the blocking of sunlight by dust that was thrown into the atmopshere, and lastly with longer term global warming which set in due to the increase of CO2 in the atmosphere from the carbonate deposits that were penetrated by the asteroid upon impact. But global warming to cooling to warming again wasn't the only thing that Cretaceous life had to cope with, there were also forest fires raging across the americas, and acid rain caused by the release of sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide into the atmosphere which react with water to form sulfuric and carbonic acid which falls to ground as acid rain. The extinctions were more devastating near the impact site and on land due to the protection of marine life provided by the ocean's high heat capacity and dilution of acid rain. The impact aftermath that caused these mass extinctions warns us of what may happen after nuclear war. Nuclear impacts would cause similar climatic and environmental changes that would cause the local devastation to spread on a global scale.
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0:00 Life affected by K-Pg extinction
1:52 Cause for the K-Pg mass extinction
2:16 Evidence for impact hypothesis
3:54 The aftermath of the impact
4:25 Dark skies after the impact
4:49 Earth boiled after the impact
5:22 Wildfires after the impact
5:35 Global cooling after the impact
6:13 Global warming after the impact
6:52 Acid rain after the impact
7:49 Did Deccan Trap volcanism contribute to extinction?
8:37 Life that thrived after the extinction
9:18 Asteroid impact vs Nuclear war
10:38 Related videos & references!
Disclaimer: Links included in this description might be affiliate links. If you purchase a product or service with the links that I provide I may receive a small commission, but there is no additional charge to you! Thank you for supporting my channel so I can continue to provide you with free content each week! And as always, let me know your topic suggestions in the comments down below! - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
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Hey guys! I am sorry about the poor audio, I have realized after editting this and other videos that I record in my office that the audio is echo-y in my office, especially if you listen with headphones on. I have a couple more videos coming out after this one that I also shot in my office (because I shot them before realizing the problem), but after that they will all be in my room again so that the audio doesn echo so much. Again, so sorry about that, if you want a better listening experience for this video, I suggest listening without headphones on. Thanks for understanding, and I hope you enjoy the video ;)
the audio was OK... listened with headphones... nice & informative
@@rolyrodriguez7424 Thanks for the feedback, glad it sounded okay, and glad you liked it :)
Good presentation but why are you using a late Permian Gorgonopsid skull to illustrate the K-Pg boundary ?
@@peterjones4180 Hahaha because it was the best clickbait I could find and I knew it wasn't from this time but it looks really good and gets the message across of the video topic LOL!😅
This was my first video of yours and I really enjoyed it. Don't sweat the audio too much. The content itself is what matters the most and it's very good! I'm looking forward to watching more videos in your library. Keep up the good work :)
Thank you so much! I really appreciate that, and I hope you enjoy the other videos as well! Let me know if you have any topic suggestions for future videos ;)
Let’s see this channel give physics girl a run for her money. Love the content.
Wow, you are so sweet to say that! thanks so much, I hope you are right ;)
thanks, great content, and the warning part😞 I am a pessimist but even I never thought it would be so relevant again
I know, I hates talking about that part, but it's so true ;(
Sometimes I rewatch your old videos because they are at the top of my history list and I know my headset is about to unpair and shut down if I don't start receiving audio from somewhere. Weird but true.
One effect that nuclear weapons have that impactors don't is radioactive fallout. This can remain in the atmosphere for weeks or even months after a nuclear war, causing deaths by cancer and other forms of cell damage due to radiation.
Was looking for a geology channel, found this one. Good video, what audio issue ? I didn't notice any.
So glad you liked it! I hope you'll check out the other videos on my channel!
Also, I am glad you didn't notice the audio issue, I can really only hear it if I listen with headphones on high volume.
If you ever have any video topic suggestions, just let me know! ;)
This is a great video! I'm interested in paleontology, climate change, and geology, so, a definite trifecta for me.Thank you for uploading! Just subscribed.
Thanks so much! I am so glad you enjoyed the vidoe and like those topics because me too! I have a whole paleo playlist haha, I hope you'll check it out ;) Thanks for subscribing as well, so glad to have you! :D
The book, The Rise and Fall of the Dinosaurs gives a neat perspective of the impact from dinosaurs found in the Hell Creek Formation. It also gives a neat description of the story of how a geologist doign field work in Italy unlocked the cause of the fall of the dinosaur age.
Oh awesome, thanks for the suggestion! I love non textboook science books! :D
Np! I listened to it as an audio book. It's a great way to learn while driving or doing repetitive things in the lab.
This is a great video, excellent overview, very informative, and well presented, keep up the good work
Thanks so much! So glad to hear that :)
So I just subscribed to ‘Physics Girl’ and you’re right she’s beautiful like you and makes entertaining videos. But wow she has 2.3M subscribers and 176M channel views!
I ❤️ GEO GIRL
Yes! I have been watching her for years, she's such an ispiration to me! ;D
The many devastating events that took place after the disastrous impact of the asteroid which whipped out some of the largest creatures to ever roam the earth, it’s just such an unbelievable moment that left its mark in Earth’s history. 🌎☄ It sets a reminder of who’s large and in charge. The dinosaurs couldn’t fight or escape it and neither can we. 🦖🦕☠
"Who's large and in charge" haha, I love that!
@@GEOGIRL Haha, I know right.
And this reminds me of my last museum visit, there was a room that exhibits what it was like when the asteroid struck the earth. It’s like a little theater in a dark gloomy room with flashing lights, loud booming and rumbling sounds with a t-rex skull and a mural of a burning wasteland with dinosaur corpses.
It all felt so chaotic and devastating. It was very eerie, I would’ve hated to have actually experienced that. Really makes you feel for the dinosaurs.
@@Smilo-the-Sabertooth Yea, that would have been so awful to experience... at least for the ones directly at the impact site, it was quick so they didn't have to suffer too long ;(
@@GEOGIRL Yeah that’s true. At least there’s a bright side to this extinction, the dinosaurs sacrifice allowed mammals to dominate the planet and flourish. Where would we be if the dinosaurs extinction never took place? Everything happens for a reason.
Thank you for continuing to increase my knowledge with another interesting topic and another educational video Rachel. This will certainly be one your videos that I’ll watch over and over again. Always such a tremendous pleasure for me to learn with someone as beautifully gifted and intelligent as you, my favorite teacher. I look forward to learning more with you, you’re amazing my friend. 😊❤😉👍
@@Smilo-the-Sabertooth Thanks so much friend, I really appreciate the kind comment, I was just reading a much more negative comment that made me feel as though this video wasn't helpful and I should've done a better job, but reading your comments always reassures me that I am making good content, thank you
Q: The Deccan traps seem far more extensive (and longer lasting) than the Sichuan traps, so why are they not considered an extinction level phenomenon? Fairly recent research seens to point to the D traps preceding the impact, running at a slower rate that increased after the impact. The shock of the impact would have been transmitted to the whole planet, and I wish I could pinpoint the locations of both events within the late Cretacious geography, but I haven't. All the depictions of the impact show it falling nearly vertically, but plenty of research indicates a glancing blow, except the apparent shape of the crater. The angle is a major clue to how the shock would have been initially transmitted. Of course I believe that the two events were linked, and that both may have been the proximate causes of the extinction. Other than this, your explanation of the probable mechanisms of extinction is most interesting. Thank you for the video
Great stuff!
Thank you! :D
Nice topic Geo girl! 😊
Thanks, so glad you enjoyed it ;)
Great video, just found your channel!
Thanks! I hope you like the rest of the videos on my channel as well ;) Let me know if you ever have a topic you'd like me to cover in a future video :D
Great video
Very informative, and well presented. New subscriber here!
Yay, thank you for subscribing! And for commenting! So glad to have you, and glad you enjoyed the video ;)
Thank you Geo girl👍🏻
Of course, thanks for the comment Praveen ;)
Great video.
Thanks so much, glad you liked it! ;)
Our world needs more of you. Pure science.
Ugh, this comment made me so happy, thank you! I am so glad you like my content ;)
Yeah. It's scary to think some people still think surviving atomic side effects and radiation is not a big deal.
Very nice video geo girl...and also your look...🦕🦕👍😅
Love from Gujarat , India
Thanks, and I am glad you noticed the shirt haha, yes I own more than one dinosaur top ;)
@@GEOGIRL 😀😀👌🤝❣️
@@GEOGIRL most welcome..🙃🙃
Came here for science, left with existential dread.
I like your content and it's presented well. I'm going to manage your Reddit page
Haha, sorry about the existential dread at the end... And thanks, I am glad you like it ;) Also, I didn't know I had a Reddit page, I've never been on, it kind of terrifies me hahaha. But go for it, I am glad you like my content :)
Me too 😧
Hello geo girl nice to see you again..! 😀☺
Nice to see you as well, hope you enjoyed the video ;D
@@GEOGIRL yes I like the video..! You are doing a great job..!☺
@@ishwarsingh4193 Thanks so much, I am so glad to hear that! ;)
About the warning and nuclear war. In during the second world war scientists who made the atomic bomb were worried they might blow the atmosphere up. They calculated with a chain reaction with the hidrogen fusion and accidentally wipe the planet out. (english is not my first language and I'm not a physicist, so I'm not sure about the small details).
3:49 - For species living close to the impact point it was a real blast😉😁😈.
Also, the 5 separate geological provinces around Little Rock that converged at 1 point were a reflex of the pressure bouncing off the earth's center. It was N effect of the Chixulub comet. Just, add 't' to any if/then continuing loop problem 2c volcanic versus comet theories join, where the simultaneous freeze of such separate histories establishes A real connection.
Warren McCullough proved this works 100% of the time, closing loops, adding t.
Thanks geogirl, i have made my geology notes from some of your videos, will you make some videos on some specific geo topics on request?
Sure, if I know enough about the topic I would be happy to! Just let me know what you'd like me to cover ;)
@@GEOGIRL thanks 😊
super
4:49 - The impact crater would've initially been white-hot then red-hot with it taking months, perhaps year for the crater to cool down due to billions of tons of sea-water trying to rush in. and fill the crater only to be boiled away by the intense heat of the crater floor. The impact crater would've been pumping hundreds of billions of tons of water-vapour into the atmosphere.
We knew the world would not be the same. A few people laughed, a few people cried. Most people were silent. I remembered the line from the Hindu scripture, the Bhagavad Gita; Vishnu is trying to persuade the Prince that he should do his duty and, to impress him, takes on his multi-armed form and says, "Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds." I suppose we all thought that, one way or another.
I've seen pretty face in youtube suggestions and came to listen. You are nice and interesting to listen to you. Even in case if you know everything that you are telling :). And let's hope that those nuclear warheads won't work. Greetings from Ukraine :)
PS audio is good just sounds like a bit empty room :)
Thanks so much for the feedback, I am so glad you liked it :) Hope you are doing alright over in Ukraine
@@GEOGIRL definitely I will watch more videos :) thank you, yes I'm in more less safe city and every person here making what they can for win, we will won this war with the help of civilized world 💛💙 🇺🇸
could this have been what would have caused our atmosphere and the compression ect needed to create our o2 layer and the heat could have caused the ice to melted and something like double boiler that would have caused the oxygen to separate giving us the oxygen content in the air , along with other gasses that constitute our air?
Very cool & creative thought! ;) But nope, the atmosphere was established long before this event nearly 4.5 billion yrs ago, and the oxygen and ozone layer was established around 2 billion yrs ago.
I discuss the formation of the atmosphere, ocean, and land masses in my prebiotic Earth video: th-cam.com/video/KD7Jg5TpDvs/w-d-xo.html
And I talk about the 2 major pulses of oxygen build up on Earth in the GOE & NOE videos: th-cam.com/video/LK6X3EGEdOY/w-d-xo.html & th-cam.com/video/vcCkU2qtBQU/w-d-xo.html
Hope that helps ;)
I still refer to the extinction event as the KT event.
I just subscribed
Thanks, so glad to have you ;)
But what caused the Deccan traps? At the time, India was halfway between Africa and Asia. Wouldn't there have to be a major Hot Spot under it, to cause the Traps? I thought that the sun blocking dust clouds lasted for over 5 years, killing most of the plants, causing the starvation of plant eaters, and then the meat eaters. That would explain the death of toothed birds, and the survival of the beaked, seed eating birds.
2:05 - 12Km is 7.5Mi not 6Mi, Rachel, and IIRC the commonly mentioned diameter of the impactor is 6Mi.
6:52 - So it would've been raining what was basically a mixture of soda-water and battery-acid.
I think I read that the target area contained significant sulphur deposits
The thumbnail for this vid shows a gorgonopsid, not a dinosaur. They went extinct in the End Permian mass extinction event.
You should check out Barnet et al (2017) for the pre-impact state of Earth's climate at the end of the Cretaceous
Thanks! I'll check it out ;D
Could you do a video on the environmental calamity that occured during a time in Earth's history called the Younger Dryas? This is supposed to have caused the destruction of ancient civilizations, highly advanced, whose existence is denied by mainstream archaeologists.
Oh actually, I have a video about the Holocene and in it I discuss the Younger Dryas in depth: th-cam.com/video/-YGD4VcnKEQ/w-d-xo.html :)
Those 'highly advanced' civilizations would've needed to mine for ores. Where are those mines? There aren't any. Mainstream archaeologists use real world evidence, not idle speculation.
Love from INDIA
🌹❤
The dinosaurs where in the decline already, as I learned from other sources. But how fast did the extinction happen? What were the positions of the continents? What the situation of the ocean currents?
I was always dissatisfied with the single cause of one asteroid. Plus, the dinosaurs did survive but they are called birds today 😅
Why do you think humans, or something like them, wouldn't have evolved if the KT extinction event hadn't occurred. Primates would have evolved anyway, because the first primates lived in a niche (climbing around in trees) where the dinosaurs weren't.
Yes, but the first primates may never have evolved if the dinosaurs didn't become mostly extinct because by the time of the end Cretaceous extinction event, the only mammals around were small rodent like mammals. Primates didn't evolve until millions of years later. Thus, if dinosaurs had never drastically decreased in numbers, they would've continued to dominate and mammals would've remained small and rodent like. They would've never had the chance to explore, spread, and diversify if dinosaurs remained dominant. Also, as most of the successful dinosaurs by the end of the Cretaceous were starting to fly, any mammal that evolved as a tree-climber would've been in serious danger. The small burrowing mammals that were around could hide from these predators underground. Anyway, these are my thoughts, but I see your point, and who knows you could be right, this is complete conjecture, but it's fun to think about. ;)
Is it possible to purchase Shocked Quartz from the KT event?
Have you done a show on the younger dryas?
Really like the content, great for adults or high schoolers. Would you be interested in making a video for a fourth grade class at an international school in Indonesia, or better, pop into zoom with the children I teach? Pleeease lol. I have so many young girls aspiring to be scientists.
Oh gosh, I am so honored that you'd even ask and I would love to, but that's so intimidating because I feel like I am so bad at teaching down to levels below undergraduate/university courses. I don't know what to say to fourth graders haha... What would I be teaching them?
@@GEOGIRL just encourage them, please. Tell them how you get to the point you are, the problems you overcame. That king of thing, Ms.
And be prepared for them asking undergrad questions, they are funny that way. Makes teaching them so fun.
@@chaiwarrior111 Okay, well if you think it would help them, I would be happy to jump on zoom for a little bit or make a video, I just have a few questions. What should I talk about? How I got into science, my education, my career plans? Seems a bit advanced for fourth graders, but I am no expert, so just let me know what you think. I have a video about how I got into geoscience on my channel, I could do something similar but scaled down to a more fourth-grader applicable level? Another approach could be a question & answer type of session if we do it live. We would just need them to prepare questions. Anyway, you just let me know what you think is best. Also, here's my email so we can converse more easily: rachelfphillips@aol.com
@@GEOGIRL sent an email, but it was mid afternoon for me, lol. Thanks so much for your consideration!
Love from Odisha, India
Thanks, I am so lucky to have such a loyal Indian audience ;)
Uhhhhh..... The skull at the very begining of this video belongs to a Gorgonopsian from the Permian period, millions of years before the very first dinosaur ever evolved.
Just saying.
Haha, I knew that when I picked it but I still thought it got the message across lol, but thanks for outing me 😂
@@GEOGIRL That little detail is no big deal.
But your kind reaction to criticism is evidence of a well-evolved emotional intelligence, and nowadays THAT is a big deal!
Well met!
Keep up the good work! 👍
@@luisfernandopiedra5380 Thanks so much!, How nice of you to say :D
Thanks for the support too, I will certainly do the best I can ;)
is it possible that it was not a asteroid, but a nuclear bomb, with the amount of radiation there placement ,and there legends, myths and artifacts pointing that this happened. just asking
Interesting thought, but actually we were able to tell that it had to be an asteroid or somehing extraterrestrial long before we found the crater because the irridium layer could only be caused by extraterrestrial input.
what about the pyramid with the pictures of dinosaurs and there are a whole bunch of figures carved of many different dinosaurs?
The answer is "D. All the above."
It's always "D"
You don't think an Asteroid Impact would change the climate?
So do we expect to be made extinct by slow fumes like when the Flood Basalts result from collisions of continents burning fossil fuels, or quicker and dirtier nukes, no choice at present.
So this broil event was that just seen in formations here in the Americas or is it world wide
Was worldwide but worse or more intense in the Americas since they were more proximal to the impact and larger particles would've fallen closer to the site of impact. :)
@@GEOGIRL not sure if you would be interested in covering the topic but I live here in Ohio and our bedrock around the Ordovician an Silurian with a surprising amount of well preserved dunkleosteus... followed by ice age megafauna think ya would enjoy digging into and communicating how Ohio forgot it's teens
@@craigbinder5560 What a great suggestion thanks! You know of any references that discuss this? If not, no worries, I can find some ;)
@@GEOGIRL unfortunately just the Ohio geological maps and what I've picked up over the years I don't believe anyone has covered it in great detail but my research is limited.
@@craigbinder5560 No problem, I can look into it and see what I find ;)
3 thing cause the Dinosaur extInction disease, climate change and astroid impact
Climate change and disease weaken the number of Dino’s astroid impact was the final death blow
Question: Was it an asteroid or climate change or volcanic activity? Answer: Yes.
Tsunami?
Errrrrr, clearly the giant rock caused the climare to change, errrrrrr, so the rock!
Haha Yes! That's true, I guess I should've been more clear, what I meant was the actually impact (the crushing of life by the impact) or the climate change that resulted from the impact, but in any case you are correct ;)
@@GEOGIRL let me appologise, I just went off the title, an ive just ate loads of sweets, so my brain is doing donuts and put me in a mischievous mood. Gonna watch the vid now 👍. Cause I feel guilty.......
@@GEOGIRL nope, clarity not required.
Interesting, that we probably wouldn't be here without that impact, and we might not survive another.
@@midnightthief7321 Hahaha, don't feel guilty, you are technically right lol. Anyway, watch the video if you want to not because you feel guilty. Anyway, hope you enjoy it if you do ;)
@@GEOGIRL watched it. Cool. Currently intrigued about the alleged impact, think it was roughly 12 to 14 thousand years ago. Anyway, cheers for the video.
She should at least know how to pronounce Deccan.
Indeed, it is very suspicious that she doesn't.
Also the crater by the Yucatan peninsula was discovered long before the asteroid theory of extinction was put forward. Oil company geologists had found it many years beforehand, but they were only interested in oil and gas.
The problems make me rather suspicious about the overall quality of her videos. There seem to be just too many mistakes that are too obvious, and even a bit of editing for quality from another source would have removed.
Probably better to stick to getting information from better accredited sources.
Hiii geo girl
Hello! Thanks for your comments ;)
Too sad Dinosaurs are no longer but you and me are alive only because of Asteroid impact otherwise Dinosaurs would have still roam around or evolved into intelligent species 😆😆😆😆
Haha could you imagine dinosaurs being as intelligent as us, that would be so interesting! But yea, it's better off for us that things happened this way ;)
We still have dinosaurs. We call them birds now.
@@jjackomin Hey, that's very true! I took a poll on my community tab about birds being dinosaurs and unfortunately not everyone knows that so thanks for spreading the word! :D
@@GEOGIRL Dinosaurs smarter than us? That's no great accomplishment. My two cats are smarter than most people.
@@jjackomin Hahaha I have cats too and sometimes I feel the same way 😂
And honestly, I have read about the social constructs of crow communities and maybe modern dinosaurs are smarter than us too lol!
Today you are looking so beautiful
Thank you ;)