How to Trail Brake: A Step-by-Step Guide

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 27 พ.ย. 2024

ความคิดเห็น • 158

  • @eduardoengelhardt1353
    @eduardoengelhardt1353 4 ปีที่แล้ว +171

    Could we just take a moment to appreciate how clear is this explanation? Amazing channel, thank you very much !

  • @brournemouth
    @brournemouth 5 ปีที่แล้ว +71

    Jackie Stewart ("last of the late-brakers") used to say that his best asset was the gradual way he came off the brakes.

  • @beenjamminbunny9977
    @beenjamminbunny9977 6 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

    I always appreciate when someone can get through an entire section in a single take, rather than the modern style of video editing where you just do 100 cuts because people can't utter a single sentence

  • @arjunbarath1143
    @arjunbarath1143 4 ปีที่แล้ว +15

    The best part was explaining when to use trail braking. I have not seen anyone explaining this part. Good job!!

  • @tomanonym1168
    @tomanonym1168 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    This video hit the sweet spot. No more 10+ minute videos that leave me more confused than I already was and no getting too nerdy with the theory/mathmatics. Enough theory and a good thorough explanation that didn't make me fall asleep along with visual diagrams. Perfect. Thanks a lot.

  • @TheQuintessentialBM
    @TheQuintessentialBM 7 ปีที่แล้ว +60

    I'm a new motorcycle rider. This video is the best explanation on the principles of trail braking on TH-cam. Thank you!

    • @Driver61
      @Driver61  7 ปีที่แล้ว +11

      Wow - thanks for that comment, much appreciated. Cheers, Scott.

    • @DiscoTuna
      @DiscoTuna 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@calvinlynch5014 Aside from the fact that it allows you to tuck into the corner later getting better visibility when you do; sets up the geometry of your bike so that it is better ready for cornering which also increases your traction and gives you many more options if you have taken the corner too fast rather than simply laying the bike down or continuing straight. That aside - it is a well made point that you should strive for low entry speed into the corner in the first place.

    • @edmondtarverdyan1824
      @edmondtarverdyan1824 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Watch trail braking videos on canyonchasers TH-cam channel, and Nick Iesnatch videos on grip and trail braking..!!

  • @Driver61
    @Driver61  6 ปีที่แล้ว +15

    Thanks for watching! Check out the rest of the Driver's Uni series including how to trail brake (bit.ly/2PypIMK)
    Find out your driver level by taking our scorecard test: bit.ly/2LmYNBA

  • @AlexGarcia-my7qz
    @AlexGarcia-my7qz 7 ปีที่แล้ว +60

    Was having trouble understanding how trail braking worked, this totally helped for sure!

    • @Driver61
      @Driver61  7 ปีที่แล้ว +7

      Hi Alex, glad you can understand trail braking now! Please help me out and share the video if you can! Cheers, Scott.

  • @ringofart
    @ringofart หลายเดือนก่อน

    Still the best trail braking instruction on TH-cam

  • @TheBadRacer
    @TheBadRacer ปีที่แล้ว +4

    I’ve been practicing this sim racing. What a difference it makes to your lap time when you can hit it right!
    Consistency is key though and that’s where I struggle 😂 practice makes perfect I guess.
    Thanks for the knowledge!

  • @gregmeade5044
    @gregmeade5044 6 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    So after just 10 minutes of practice applying the principles in this video and I’ve just improved my f1 sim racing lap time by over a second. In 10 minutes!! Imagine what I could do in 20... 😬. Thank you!!

    • @inox1ck
      @inox1ck 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Greg Meade To me it was the opposite. I've improved my laps by 1 sec / 1min lap average by trying to brake as straight as possible. Maybe I can further improve laptimes by trail-braking again :)

  • @isti1986
    @isti1986 7 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    I really like the way you explaining the tech details! Best quality I could find on the internet in sense of explaining it right and making it understandable for amateurs! Keep doing it!

  • @TeaVR
    @TeaVR ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Sorted! That was so well explained - especially the bit about using trail braking on tighter slower corners. Made me realise how little I know. Thank you!

  • @robertosantoro9685
    @robertosantoro9685 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Have been looking for long time up such kind of tutorials and then I came across this series which is top quality in terms of content, structure, language, diagrams, etc.
    Good job

  • @djmoshic
    @djmoshic 6 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    Spectacular lessons. Very well explained such a difficult thing like this and very well vocalized for me, since I am spanish. Congrats for the channel, I haven't seen anyone else explaining this stuff so well. Best regards!

  • @MJRicki23
    @MJRicki23 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    One of the Best channel on TH-cam

  • @dvans
    @dvans 6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    What a great series of tutorials! Thank you! What a great quality!

  • @miva55
    @miva55 7 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    This is so useful, thank you very much for these videos!

  • @erictripton
    @erictripton 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Some of us know this as 'Brake to the apex'.
    Another is to softly brake allow to balance the weight then already on throttle at corner entry, which allows you to accellerate sooner than a trailbrake style

  • @Ruckerhardt
    @Ruckerhardt 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    This is one of the best explanations of trail braking I've ever seen. I'm working to get my lap times faster in sim racing and learn better car control and while I am aware of this technique, having a detailed explanation will help me get better at it. Thanks!!

  • @Recon777x
    @Recon777x 6 ปีที่แล้ว +110

    This video illustrates perfectly why I do not understand how anyone can use a console controller to drive a racing sim.

    • @samuel6816
      @samuel6816 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Hahaha good

    • @tonganfisherman
      @tonganfisherman 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Recon.777 exactly why I picked up a wheel!

    • @stefans4562
      @stefans4562 4 ปีที่แล้ว +6

      Readon is : no space in my small apartment. GT Sport for me is unplayable (DS4 Triggers just have to little feel and travel) On PC and Xbox I use the standard Xbox which has quite a lot of trigger travel.

    • @robspleen6205
      @robspleen6205 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      I do it for 2 weeks. Cause i got the simracer game purchased but my G29 need 2 weeks to be delivered. To learn the tracks i drive wth controller meanwhile

    • @gasixteenb11
      @gasixteenb11 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      I've seen guys using the R3 and L3 sticks on DS4 with far better consistency than the g29 would allow.

  • @felixarbable
    @felixarbable 7 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    your channel needs more views! great stuff

  • @tonipitesa1427
    @tonipitesa1427 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Scott is very good at explaining so thank you Scott and keep a good work

  • @michor10
    @michor10 7 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Excellent explanation. Thank you!

  • @Dukeofboots
    @Dukeofboots 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Unknowingly I believe I've done this technique quite a lot? One occasion in my FWD hot hatch coming into a tight hairpin like corner I wasn't expecting to be as tight far too fast for it up in the Welsh valleys. I had no choice but to stay hard on the brakes and turn in I can remember at the time feeling on the absolute limits, I could feel exactly when I needed to start easing off the brakes and always felt on the verge of oversteer/understeer but not once lost any traction I just shat myself afterwards, got adrenaline dumped gave myself a talking to and wondered for the rest of my journey and until to this day how I ever managed that corner. Gotta thank you man love learning and you present and teach very well I've liked and subscribed you have a brilliant channel top notch content and you have brought me a lot of understanding. Every point on that board I did exactly even though at the time it felt completely wrong unnatural to me and yet naturally I did it!! Well maybe not naturally I will call it forced as I had no other option but either way I felt it and its like no other feeling taking a corner in this way as If all the energy that went into braking and turn in gets given right back to you when you start easing back off or at least it seemed?? Like momentum is channeled around the corner rather than lost into it?? dunno. Good stuff any mate.

  • @850t5m
    @850t5m 7 ปีที่แล้ว +21

    nice to see activity on this channel again!

    • @Driver61
      @Driver61  7 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      Thanks very much! Remember to check out our other Driver's Uni videos!

    • @850t5m
      @850t5m 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Driver61 Definitely. it would be nice to see more videos on track lines though.

  • @dersir3526
    @dersir3526 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    You helped my a lot with your tutorial. Thank you for that!

  • @andreassalbach5039
    @andreassalbach5039 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    perfect and easy understandable explanation, thank you

  • @berksari1
    @berksari1 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Great video and presenting technique. It's quite useful with that graphics.

  • @jeremy1253
    @jeremy1253 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Thank you for these videos!

  • @HexlGaming
    @HexlGaming 6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Trailbraking can be really, really useful. We used to do it every time when karting..

    • @HexlGaming
      @HexlGaming 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      at least something like that

  • @MartinVlach68
    @MartinVlach68 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thanks a lot for all the info. Perfectly explained. 👍

  • @crustygymshorts
    @crustygymshorts 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Great videos! I went to a driving school and your videos are a great refresher and even have more info than I learned at the school!

  • @emmanueldenniss
    @emmanueldenniss 6 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    To be applied in FWD too ☺ allows to have less understeer but it's dagerous

    • @mantasm9744
      @mantasm9744 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Racing is dangerous :D

    • @Lonestar_racer
      @Lonestar_racer 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@mantasm9744 and fun

  • @marvinvisser5039
    @marvinvisser5039 10 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Excited to start practicing this :)

  • @scottm4267
    @scottm4267 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

    GREAT EXPLANATION...THANK YOU

  • @DaylightDigital
    @DaylightDigital 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Well-informed and well-explained, cheers!

  • @elendryl
    @elendryl ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks, professor. Was really helpful.

  • @regenmeister9646
    @regenmeister9646 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    You also need to cover trail braking in combination with engine braking to remain in the max torque band to accelerate out of the corner for maximum exit speed

  • @treadbreaker23
    @treadbreaker23 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Great explanation. Thanks!

  • @hellowill
    @hellowill ปีที่แล้ว +1

    What's a good drill to practice this?

  • @Degenevesting
    @Degenevesting 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Would you guys be able to do a specific video on brake bias adjustment on the fly?
    I understand the premise of it but I think you’d provide myself, and all of us, the best explanation on the methodology and execution. Cheers.

  • @SunTzu192
    @SunTzu192 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Much appreciated, so helpful!

  • @Obscurity202
    @Obscurity202 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thanks Scott

  • @paulmcalinden6231
    @paulmcalinden6231 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great information

  • @broodyking
    @broodyking 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    thanks for the knowledge!

  • @LoveLikeaHurricane
    @LoveLikeaHurricane 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Based on this guide and your racing line guide, on a slower corner a combination of trail braking with late apex may be ideal

    • @Ezikiorage
      @Ezikiorage 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Love Like a Hurricane depends on your car. In a light but grippier car with close to 50/50 balance, your apex will most likely be earlier than with a heavy tank like a muscle car. The key is to use all the available tire grip.

  • @5magics763
    @5magics763 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    awesome vid man

  • @careditor
    @careditor 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Been simming now for four years and still don't have it right...it's why I am here....

  • @ashtonriver6741
    @ashtonriver6741 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you.

  • @dannymx9486
    @dannymx9486 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    i would be interested in a video explaining the differences in trailbreaking and progressive acceleration on corner exit - in relation to a either rear engine car (porsche 911) and front engined car. so how does the static weight and grip difference affect the inputs throughout the whole corner.
    i've heard a rear engine 911 basically doesn't need any trail breaking. is that so? i would like to hear a comparison of the different car setups (front engine, rear engine) from an expert like you.
    thanks in advance
    Daniel

  • @flowremix
    @flowremix 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    great video! makes me want to race now!

    • @Driver61
      @Driver61  7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Thanks very much. Yeah, get out on track! Best, Scott.

  • @ghalebevaldo4416
    @ghalebevaldo4416 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Perfect vieeo, thanks a lot

  • @samuel6816
    @samuel6816 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Youre awesome, thankyou

  • @utoobia
    @utoobia 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    When to and when not...that is helpful. Where does the downshift occur though? During the hard, initial straight-line braking, and before beginning the gradual lift?

  • @GrandTheftAutoFans1
    @GrandTheftAutoFans1 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I didn't know this technique exist. I always only do this when I accidentally braked too late and am forced to do this.

  • @confused9525
    @confused9525 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Very nice tutorial sadly i cant share this becase none of my friends dont even know how breaks work not to mention what trail breaking is

  • @jusrocks3623
    @jusrocks3623 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Would love to see videos in the future on car setups. Toe, camber, rake, roll bar etc. Effects and how it feels

  • @thetransporter3028
    @thetransporter3028 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks bro ✌

  • @romanasmela901
    @romanasmela901 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks!

    • @Driver61
      @Driver61  ปีที่แล้ว

      Thank you!

  • @navadiskaya3791
    @navadiskaya3791 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    man i do love you

  • @APOSTR
    @APOSTR 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Question: As an amateur driver, I was usually brake first soft and then hard. After I heard about trail braking , I started push hard first and then soft. But in that case, usually car lost balance before coming to apex. What is my problem exactly ? What possible mistake am I doing ? btw i'm using a rwd automatic BMW. Sorry for my English. Thank you!

  • @grahamemes7772
    @grahamemes7772 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks again, another great video, one question, how about trail braking into a chicane like 1st turn at Monza?

  • @mastapimp189
    @mastapimp189 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Going to own in forza after these tutorials

  • @thesentinel5832
    @thesentinel5832 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you for the video. And, how about ABS, it sould be on or off for trailbraking?? Thanks, again.

  • @playmobil911
    @playmobil911 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    AMAZING

  • @thetiredoldtiger4711
    @thetiredoldtiger4711 ปีที่แล้ว

    So does your braking point change. I'm learning this but does my initial brake point change when applying the new technique?

  • @architdasgupta491
    @architdasgupta491 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Daniel Riccardo is probably watching this video right now.

  • @Black16STI
    @Black16STI ปีที่แล้ว

    What's considered "Slow speed corners" in your "recommendation" to trail brake into (MPH wise).

  • @MrGamerzofHorror
    @MrGamerzofHorror 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    So trail braking is really useful in front wheel drive?

  • @Creeperboy099
    @Creeperboy099 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Will this help keep weight on the front tires in FWD?

    • @Chrissy-H
      @Chrissy-H 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Creeperboy and friends really useful in front wheel drive cars to get the car rotated. It keeps weight off the rear of the car as you turn, so you'll experience a little bit of oversteer on turn in which can really help.

    • @Creeperboy099
      @Creeperboy099 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Chris Holloway I figured that out too- pretty fun even though I’ve only pulled it off in simulators
      Combining that with a downshift, I once managed to DRIFT (not powerslide) around a turn in a Honda in the game once

  • @Dieterbe
    @Dieterbe ปีที่แล้ว

    regarding the diagram at 6:45, doesn't trail braking mean you can hold a higher speed before you reach the corner ? Because you actually get more braking done into the corner

  • @Slowcarfastbeans
    @Slowcarfastbeans 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I drive a jeep and ended up here because I struggle with simple driving technique. This is not what I expected.

  • @Cap1981
    @Cap1981 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    I discover your channel while looking for some tips to manage weel lock up.
    On F1 game you get a dynamic line that goes from red to green depending of your speed.
    Would trail braking enter the corner while the dynamic Line is still on orange or red ?

  • @arl.v39
    @arl.v39 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    So hold brake around 10-20% in orange while start steering, and down to 0% in blue?

  • @billyhamilton3669
    @billyhamilton3669 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    would it be accurate to say with a fwd car with a weight distribution bias towards the front end, that it would be better to come off the brakes a little earlier and very lightly onto the throttle to get a better balance to allow the car to turn at the tightest point and then as the car is pointing towards the apex or exit to start increasing the throttle to max as the grip allows out of the corner? as allways get tutorial

  • @griffingaming1450
    @griffingaming1450 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    question for anyone willing to help with sim racing (Iracing specifically), I have tried trail breaking and sometime I can make it work but other times I tend to get loose at the back end, is this because I am releasing the pressure of the brake too quickly throwing the weight of the car off or is it because I have turned too suddenly, or is it something else ? like I said sometimes I can get it spot on but other times I'm not sure what happened, I have tried to look at replays to see what I did different but I cant see it, or is the best thing too do is go through specific practices to find out the different effects of turning to quick and releasing the brake too sudden.

  • @juress
    @juress 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hamilton could write you a book about trail breaking.

  • @pcgrova7198
    @pcgrova7198 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    I presume you're talking rear wheel drive cars only? And what about left foot braking to be able to apply throttle prior to the last bit of braking coming off?

  • @DPR178
    @DPR178 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    In the very fist diagram, with the blue,orange, red and green portions of the line, What does the blue portion signify??

  • @its-kapucha
    @its-kapucha 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    How to practice/learn this technique. Should I learn some other skills before this?

    • @p1ou
      @p1ou 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Sim racing of course is a great tool to practice.
      The later the apex the better to practice and see differences on your laps time as the trail braking part will represent a greater part of the turn. Thus tracks like Spa or Brno are great to train to trail break as you will see big differences when you succeed to do and immediately realize if you are doing it right or wrong. La source, les combes, Brussel / Rivage, Fagnes and Campus are great turns to train at Spa as they are long and smooth (except for la source).
      It's really important to have a good and well balanced setup, so if you are not familiar with setting up a car I advice or to get a setup from a friend you know is good or to get familiar on how to balance a car setup.
      Hope this helps.

  • @Zeke1379
    @Zeke1379 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Is it ever better to just lift and coast or trail brake always?

  • @4517onlyglory
    @4517onlyglory ปีที่แล้ว

    I always use this kind of brake when drive my road car 😅

  • @TheRealCabe
    @TheRealCabe 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    I think I’ve been doing this for years as I’ve become a more experienced driver, could it be that trail breaking just comes natural as one “feels” the car better over time?

    • @barneybarret6088
      @barneybarret6088 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Same here - I just thought I was "getting away with it" not actually doing a known technique!

  • @NorfolkBlue
    @NorfolkBlue 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    What would you say is the best way to learn to trail brake more frequently for those who aren't doing it? I am a sim racer and know that it is something that I need to do More effectively, but it is seeming hard for me to get used to it and use the technique as effectively as possible, any other learning tips?

    • @hwwhwh
      @hwwhwh 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      braking later is probably crucial for this to work. And turn in sooner than you normally would as you're gently releasing the brake. Hope this helps. (It's been a year since you commented, how's it going for you?)

    • @Ezikiorage
      @Ezikiorage 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      Yes, brake later but don't turn in sooner. Turn in the same way and if you trailbraked successfully and have pavement left at the exit then try to get on throttle as soon as possible after trailbraking. If you still have pavement left (assuming you unwinded the steering wheel), then turn in slightly sooner.

  • @darkdragonite1419
    @darkdragonite1419 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Is the typical race school method to put on the break.. then lift off.. then turn?

  • @maurusklaus7456
    @maurusklaus7456 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hello i'm new here and english is Not my language i have a questions: i'm right go with Full pressure on the Brake's and before i hit the apex i go slowly of the brakes and go with a tippy toe on the gas?
    thanks guys

  • @pablocabezas1265
    @pablocabezas1265 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    hi. I got the csl elite with the load cell brake. But the brake is to "short". I cant remove the presure of the pedal gradualy.
    You know how i can configure it so i can do the tail brake?
    Thanks

  • @KadlagNikhil
    @KadlagNikhil 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    If the car is oversteering then how not to trail brake or to less trail brake is the solution?? 10:35
    We want to transfer weight to the rear then we should trail brake earlier isn't it??

  • @twenfour711lolwr7
    @twenfour711lolwr7 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    I dont know if im right before when im turning i use tail break first then front break softly while entering corner then releasing tail break asap ....

  • @LoveLikeaHurricane
    @LoveLikeaHurricane 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Where would you come off the brakes when someone is doing a hair pin turn while using late apex on the hair pin turn?Most of these guides just mention to completely get off brakes and onto the throttle once you hit apex. This is understandable when using the Ideal line. But when using Late Apex line how would trail braking work? Do you start putting throttle the moment your steering angle decreases, regardless of whether you hit the late apex point or not?

  • @cdoyle1034
    @cdoyle1034 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    So does your braking point change when trail braking?

    • @Marc98338
      @Marc98338 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      In the example its a bad situation. Trail braking is a really good technique in 180 degree corners. In his example, you would lose WAY to much speed coming out of the corner.

    • @Ezikiorage
      @Ezikiorage 6 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Trailbraking works best in corners where you have totate the car more than 90 degrees. Yes, your braking point should be later because in order for traibraking to work properly your entry speed needs to be higher. If your entey speed is the same and you try to trailbrake, you will overslow the car, therefore you brake later which will inherently yeld higher entry speed.

  • @JoMcD21
    @JoMcD21 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I've unintentionally been doing this for years just by feeling out the weight-shift of the car.

  • @MimicGriphon
    @MimicGriphon 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    So, is this just to basically brake later, holding a higher speed through the corner?? Sorry, it's a bit hard to follow...

  • @honesttroll6332
    @honesttroll6332 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Never heard of trail breaking. But sounds similar to how I drive natively. Though, not at racing speeds...

  • @AnimeBeefRandoms
    @AnimeBeefRandoms 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    drifting is better in tight corners

  • @anderslolle2147
    @anderslolle2147 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Four tires! Who needs four tires!?
    Just trolling! Great video btw.

  • @danmccoy550
    @danmccoy550 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Still can't get the hang of left foot braking. Freaks me out still

  • @adninputra2282
    @adninputra2282 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Is this technique that was used in the late 90s and early 2000s by the likes of Mika Hakkinen and Michael Schumacher?

  • @genericyoutubeusername6462
    @genericyoutubeusername6462 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Ok so you are turning and braking and this is what people do instictively to solve the problem in a real car where they can feel the grip
    Cause the why part just sounds like school
    Its a sound byte you can regurgitate but you can't transfer the theory to feels