Excuse the rant here……but I work with disabled students and it’s always great to see when someone presents concepts so they are accessible to all levels of ability. Pair that with your obvious mastery of the material and you’ve got the real deal. I’ve been playing with nerve damage in my fretting hand for years and could never fret FULL caged chords so I just stuck with open and power chords. So watching your videos on using chord tones, diads, and triads has given me more freedom and a better long term outlook…without the need for chords that take 4 fingers! Big thanks to Mr. Trapp!!
After I learned triads the caged system became so much more useful. When I first learned the caged system I was just thinking about the chords specifically and it didn't seem practical at all to me. But once I learned to break the chords into triads it really opened my eyes to how it can be very effective. Triads are so awesome. They've given me so many light bulb moments. Great lesson. Cheers
Right lesson at the right time for me. Learn all your basic shapes (caged). Then play leads using two notes of the chords. Thanks. Very good lesson with good clarity and flow.
Guthrie - thanks for sharing this. It's so often the simple things that make a difference. I found this 'back to basics' to be gold-dust. Thank you. Stay safe mate and all the best from the UK.
Not sure what you're better at: Playing or teaching - both great. ALSO: Why in the hell would someone downvote a FREE lesson that's also excellent? SHM at these people - the same types who would also probably complain if they found $100 on the sidewalk, whining that it wasn't enough.
You might say you're not into theory but thinking about all these resolutions makes my head spin. At the same time, this really takes this idea to the next level for me. Great lesson.
Can never thank you enough Guthrie as I played for many years in the dark till you shined your light and lately I’m noticing huge differences!💡 ❤ good man! hell of a player! thank you!
I've seen your videos before but I never understood where you were going. Until I once saw a video, I thought of you too, in which we went deeper into triads and how you could change them from major to minor, augmented and diminshed. This completely changed me in my thinking. Also this video, which is now clear to me, helps me with that! Thanks for that!!! I have now subscribed and would like to follow you.
This is working for me. There are so many videos about this I have been watching and I feel like this is starting to click. I really appreciate the C F G approach, I have also been saying out loud what each tone is. Thank you!
So well explained for us mere mortals. Beautiful Guthrie, really beautiful. Its like really walking before we try to run where as so many teachers go way too quick for me!
It took a few days to fully sink in, but what a brilliant video. I've just clicked that the I, IV, V chords contain all the notes of the scale that we're in, and that we can cycle the chords I, IV, V, I, IV, V.... in such a manner that the major scale ascends the fret-board as the chords are cycled - I've just managed to do the same thing on top 3 strings in the key of E, it's genius, :-) Thank you.
Guthrie. Hey buddy, I've been trying to get better and watching guitar lesson videos on TH-cam since it came out........Gosh Darn you are the first person, I feel like I have connected with. My goodness, there's something about your teaching that just makes it so simple and COOL!! Thanks Man, I'm continuing on this journey over the next few days. Thank you! Peace, NickyN
I’ve been pounding 6ths and triads into my head for months but your lesson just brought them all together in a way that I can actually use to link things together. Thanks!
this month i set a goal to start learning my triads. and the algorithms sent me here. apparently you're the king of triads on youtube. i had never heard of you before, but I'm loving your material.. going on a binge over the holidays
This is really good, thank you. This is how Hendrix and Fruciante set themselves up to do those little licks which are essentially rhythm and lead simultaneously.
Thank You Guthery.You taught Me the easy way to be able to play rythem and lead mixed I yes to play on several guitars and only rythem on some and lead on some now I can play rythem and lead and only play one of My five guitars for the song sound I got pickups in that I like sound of I play cintemoary Praise Worship song unto the LORD and I have on three of My guitars pick ups set up for Vi tage Nashville sounding.I put a lot of time in My guitars to set them up and now You taught Me so I can play rythem and lead mixed in together with out switching guitars to do it.Thank You Sir.GOD bless and keep You and Yours.
Thank you Guthrie. That was simply awesome information. I find you are throwing so much at us, it's kind of overwhelming. But then I put the video on half speed and listen to it over and over again then I totally understand. Thanks for sharing your knowledge that has taken years of hard work to accumulate.
I love these lessons. They make sense of what can be a grueling and overwhelming experience. Amazing teacher. I tried to like it 5x but TH-cam doesn’t allow it. :-)
Guthrie, these lessons just keep getting better and better. Thank you for continuing to demystify the fretboard and show us practical ways to make chord shapes musical and yes, even soulful. You are a gifted instructor.
Nearly forty years of playing and was playing this stuff for years and only recently learning what I’m playing. Thanks for the clarification on this. Great stuff .
Your lesson are really good. I was introduced to caged and triads years ago, never got it. But your instructions are helping me to understanding it better. There is no substitute for practicing. Thank you for giving back.
We are Definitely taking SO MUCH OUT OF IT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Exactly because you are explaining form a "non theoretical" background! That makes you so unique for guys like me!Much appreciated!!!
HUGE improvement with my playing. Love your style. Not sure what's better... your playing/tone or your teaching style. I keep coming back to your vids. Makes me love the guitar when I ain't working my ass off painting houses.
Wonderful tutorial! I have been a student of Tim Pierce and Brett Papa for six years and your humble, warm style has the same appeal as those guys. Thank you!
Thanks, Guthrie. You're posting some of the most valuable guitar instruction I've seen on TH-cam. This stuff is gold. Not too many pros at this level bother to share tips and tricks like these.
Perhaps you won't believe me but I worked on this from about 1990. It improved my playing tremendously. However I often hit a wall with it. I have other "inversions" of the same thing. Not quite as good as the lower third harmonic is upper third but it can be useful in some keys and other circumstances. I got the idea from a Yamaha keyboard that had that inbuilt harmonic feature and I puzzled out what the computer was doing. Thicker more intersting sound and even better on a gee-tar where you can sort of roll into and out of it. Another of my walls is the tone. You have a beautiful tone straight off. Maybe I just need a Telecaster? The guitar is a wonderful puzzle and I got huge kicks out of realising some of the hidden secrets. However, there's a lot more to do with dexterity and technique. That's another of my "walls." Thank you so much for this. I have never seen a mention of it anywhere before. I don't feel quite so silly now. Rgds BerryG
Guthrie! You are amazing! Thanks for the clarity of your lessons and your generosity in sharing so openly. I've been fingerpickin' the old blues guys and Travis/Atkins/Reed etc. or more than 50 years. You've given me another way of looking at the instrument. Thanks again.
I have been playing guitar for 60 years and professionally for 50+ of them. I have really been enjoying your videos. You are offering truly excellent advice for all levels of guitarists. Really enjoyable videos. I have recently begun developing a new act with a Dobro/Lap Steel player. We are both "old guys" just keeping musically busy. I quit performing regularly about 7 or 8 years ago. I am literally thrilled at the prospect of doing some shows this summer. Keep your excellent videos coming as time allows. Thanks.
Yes! These lessons are so great; your explanations are very helpful. Thanks a lot for taking the time to do these. I would love you hear your approach to rhythm and counting when you are playing solos and licks.
Hey Guthrie. Another great one. I've gotten into these a little now and then but didn't really understand what was going on. You explain it well and having some understanding makes all the difference. Thanks!
I feel like I'm commenting on your every clip saying how great it is. It must get boring to read. But it still holds true. Your clips are just great. I already improved in just these past 2 weeks I've been following you. You're simplifying all of this and touching on points that I never heard of in the other channels I'm following. I just hope you keep on doing these clips - I love it.
That's a lot of information in a short period of time Guthrie. The lights are coming on but I definitely haven't digested it all. Guess I'm a little slow with guitar but that's what makes it fun.. there's always more to learn. This is a great lesson, I appreciate it very much. thank you.
Thank you so much for this lesson. This is the first time I've watched one of your videos. I think you're a great teacher because you not only teach about the notes in music, you also teach about how the sounds of the note fit together. My knowledge of music notation, chord structure etc is rudimentary. I am self taught and usually make up tunes based on the sounds I am hearing from messing around and noodling on the guitar, playing around with little melodies and trying to fit all together. Your lesson made so much sense. It pointed to endless fun and practice with the guitar to make music. I salute you and one day hope to come to one of your shows. Thank you so much sir. I am now a fan. All the best wishes and blessings to you and your family.
Since watching your videos I've had several ah ha moments, and I appreciate you, and all you do so much!!! Im telling anyone who will listen that this where you go to up your guitar playing / understanding!!! God bless ya bro!!! As soon as I can get back to Nashville to see ya perform I will...
This is exactly the stuff I’ve been needing to break up the big chords I’ve been stuck in. It’s what I’ve been wanting to play but didn’t know how to get there. Looking forward to digging into these beautiful musical exercises. It’s been said “when the student is ready the master appears.” Thank you very much, Guthrie, for sharing your insights.
Great lesson. Highly recommend private lesson, I mostly play jazz but Guthrie gave me a lot of different ideas I will work on incorporating into my approach. Great player and teacher!!
I remember learning this same thing years back and the teacher attributed it to studying Mark Knopfler. It opened up a way to understand what 2 notes are important to understand the major/minor chord changes to a song.
I can't tell you how long I've waited for a video that explains how to recognize the chord from which the double stop is based. While there are numerous lessons out there discussing double stops, this one is easy to follow and again (most importantly) functional. Thanks for the lesson!
Dearest Guthrie thank you so much for sharing the spice to good guitar playing. Your generosity never ceases to amaze me. God bless you, amigo. Anytime you find yourself in Greece, drinks and good food are on me!
Hello Guthrie - I just joined your class at ArtistWorks! Saw you on Tim Pierce and realized your point of view, and how you teach, is in alignment with how I learn. Very happy so far. Still in the beginners section. Thank you! See you in class. ~Joe
Excuse the rant here……but I work with disabled students and it’s always great to see when someone presents concepts so they are accessible to all levels of ability. Pair that with your obvious mastery of the material and you’ve got the real deal. I’ve been playing with nerve damage in my fretting hand for years and could never fret FULL caged chords so I just stuck with open and power chords. So watching your videos on using chord tones, diads, and triads has given me more freedom and a better long term outlook…without the need for chords that take 4 fingers!
Big thanks to Mr. Trapp!!
This guy is the best teacher on TH-cam.
After I learned triads the caged system became so much more useful. When I first learned the caged system I was just thinking about the chords specifically and it didn't seem practical at all to me. But once I learned to break the chords into triads it really opened my eyes to how it can be very effective. Triads are so awesome. They've given me so many light bulb moments. Great lesson. Cheers
Hear, hear! I just recently started focusing on triads and they cracked open the caged system for me as well!
Where's the double-thumbs up button?!?!
this is again exactly what i'm working on... thanks Guthrie
You are the best teacher on the tubes, elegant, simple, intuitive but not dumbed-down.
Guthrie, I play guitar by ear and this lesson will help me a lot too. Thanks once again...😊
Right lesson at the right time for me. Learn all your basic shapes (caged). Then play leads using two notes of the chords. Thanks. Very good lesson with good clarity and flow.
What a great teacher.
Mr Trapp you just helped me finally visualize triads. What a great feeling. Your my favorite now forever.
This is such a great lesson and the perfect kind of thing to revisit as someone who has been playing for close to 40 years.
It's quite satisfying for me because all my study in diatonics enables me to understand exactly what he's saying.
Guthrie - thanks for sharing this. It's so often the simple things that make a difference. I found this 'back to basics' to be gold-dust. Thank you. Stay safe mate and all the best from the UK.
Not sure what you're better at: Playing or teaching - both great. ALSO: Why in the hell would someone downvote a FREE lesson that's also excellent? SHM at these people - the same types who would also probably complain if they found $100 on the sidewalk, whining that it wasn't enough.
Bar none... the most straight forward lesson I've watched on this topic.
You might say you're not into theory but thinking about all these resolutions makes my head spin. At the same time, this really takes this idea to the next level for me. Great lesson.
Thanks Guthrie ! Simply awesome !
Can never thank you enough Guthrie as I played for many years in the dark till you shined your light and lately I’m noticing huge differences!💡 ❤ good man! hell of a player! thank you!
I've seen your videos before but I never understood where you were going. Until I once saw a video, I thought of you too, in which we went deeper into triads and how you could change them from major to minor, augmented and diminshed. This completely changed me in my thinking. Also this video, which is now clear to me, helps me with that! Thanks for that!!! I have now subscribed and would like to follow you.
This is working for me. There are so many videos about this I have been watching and I feel like this is starting to click. I really appreciate the C F G approach, I have also been saying out loud what each tone is. Thank you!
Lessons Dos Mucho... Very nice transfer of knowledge... Appreciate it!
Amazing Teacher and just an AMAZING Bloke! Thanks Guthrie, Love your lessons mate!
Zane - Perth, Western Australia
So well explained for us mere mortals. Beautiful Guthrie, really beautiful. Its like really walking before we try to run where as so many teachers go way too quick for me!
now that I am 70 you have inspired me beginning to see the fretboard clearly now thanks!
Jerry Thomas Thanks man!!
GT. Speaks my language when it comes to practicing my scales and neck movements
Yes! I love this. Been flying up and down the neck. My calluses thank you.
I never get tired of watching your videos. I've learned so much and have actually been able to apply it. Thanks for what you do.
Thank you much Guthrie for sharing your hnowledge, I truly enjoy learning from it.
Alain , Canada
It took a few days to fully sink in, but what a brilliant video.
I've just clicked that the I, IV, V chords contain all the notes of the scale that we're in, and that we can cycle the chords I, IV, V, I, IV, V.... in such a manner that the major scale ascends the fret-board as the chords are cycled - I've just managed to do the same thing on top 3 strings in the key of E, it's genius, :-)
Thank you.
Guthrie. Hey buddy, I've been trying to get better and watching guitar lesson videos on TH-cam since it came out........Gosh Darn you are the first person, I feel like I have connected with. My goodness, there's something about your teaching that just makes it so simple and COOL!! Thanks Man, I'm continuing on this journey over the next few days. Thank you! Peace, NickyN
Great, Thanks for making everyone more musical Guthrie!!
I’ve been pounding 6ths and triads into my head for months but your lesson just brought them all together in a way that I can actually use to link things together. Thanks!
The melody is so pretty. Love it.
How did I miss this?! This is Golden. 🙏
this month i set a goal to start learning my triads. and the algorithms sent me here. apparently you're the king of triads on youtube. i had never heard of you before, but I'm loving your material.. going on a binge over the holidays
This is really good, thank you. This is how Hendrix and Fruciante set themselves up to do those little licks which are essentially rhythm and lead simultaneously.
Hey Guthrie, thanks so much for the "Mapping Triads" video. It really is helping me tie different concepts together.
thank you Sir. Really enjoy your playing over the yrs. Great approach.
Thank You Guthery.You taught Me the easy way to be able to play rythem and lead mixed I yes to play on several guitars and only rythem on some and lead on some now I can play rythem and lead and only play one of My five guitars for the song sound I got pickups in that I like sound of I play cintemoary Praise Worship song unto the LORD and I have on three of My guitars pick ups set up for Vi tage Nashville sounding.I put a lot of time in My guitars to set them up and now You taught Me so I can play rythem and lead mixed in together with out switching guitars to do it.Thank You Sir.GOD bless and keep You and Yours.
I learned where the dominant 7ths are using this method. Thanks!
Man this is really useful stuff . Thanks Guthrie. 👍
Thank you Guthrie. That was simply awesome information. I find you are throwing so much at us, it's kind of overwhelming. But then I put the video on half speed and listen to it over and over again then I totally understand. Thanks for sharing your knowledge that has taken years of hard work to accumulate.
Was having trouble understanding triads until I watched this lesson! Wow, thank you Guthrie! Best lesson for triads on TH-cam!
I love these lessons. They make sense of what can be a grueling and overwhelming experience. Amazing teacher. I tried to like it 5x but TH-cam doesn’t allow it. :-)
John Sousa thanks so much man!!
Thanks Guthrie.. it was a great lesson 👍
Great lesson Guthrie. Thanks for your explanations and making it simple and giving reason to why certain things work, whilst others do not. God bless.
Guthrie, these lessons just keep getting better and better. Thank you for continuing to demystify the fretboard and show us practical ways to make chord shapes musical and yes, even soulful. You are a gifted instructor.
cingram72 thanks a bunch man!!
I'm really beginning to see the limitless possibilities of CAGED. You're producing some of the most valuable tutorials on TH-cam!
James Robinson thanks man!!
What an invaluable resource your videos are for the serious student!
David Gerber Thanks man!!
Great stuff Guthrie
Nearly forty years of playing and was playing this stuff for years and only recently learning what I’m playing. Thanks for the clarification on this. Great stuff .
Thanks man!!
This guy has an unbelievable tone....and fingers to get that tone.
Thank you GT.
Pedro Tavares thanks man!!
No tone without the fingers....
Love your playing GT.
Your lesson are really good. I was introduced to caged and triads years ago, never got it. But your instructions are helping me to understanding it better. There is no substitute for practicing. Thank you for giving back.
We are Definitely taking SO MUCH OUT OF IT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Exactly because you are explaining form a "non theoretical" background! That makes you so unique for guys like me!Much appreciated!!!
Csar 4144 thanks man!!!
HUGE improvement with my playing. Love your style. Not sure what's better... your playing/tone or your teaching style. I keep coming back to your vids. Makes me love the guitar when I ain't working my ass off painting houses.
Thanks Guthrie! for a great lesson. All your video lessons are a gem.
100% usable video. Thanks!
This is such an excellent lesson. Guthrie teaches this so well.
Wonderful tutorial! I have been a student of Tim Pierce and Brett Papa for six years and your humble, warm style has the same appeal as those guys. Thank you!
I love this content!!!! TRIADS UP THE....NECK YES!!
Thanks, Guthrie. You're posting some of the most valuable guitar instruction I've seen on TH-cam. This stuff is gold. Not too many pros at this level bother to share tips and tricks like these.
davess23 thanks big time man!!
Perhaps you won't believe me but I worked on this from about 1990. It improved my playing tremendously. However I often hit a wall with it. I have other "inversions" of the same thing. Not quite as good as the lower third harmonic is upper third but it can be useful in some keys and other circumstances. I got the idea from a Yamaha keyboard that had that inbuilt harmonic feature and I puzzled out what the computer was doing. Thicker more intersting sound and even better on a gee-tar where you can sort of roll into and out of it.
Another of my walls is the tone. You have a beautiful tone straight off. Maybe I just need a Telecaster?
The guitar is a wonderful puzzle and I got huge kicks out of realising some of the hidden secrets. However, there's a lot more to do with dexterity and technique. That's another of my "walls."
Thank you so much for this. I have never seen a mention of it anywhere before. I don't feel quite so silly now. Rgds BerryG
Guthrie you are an excellent guitarrist and a great teacher. Thank you for sharing your knowledge.
Guthrie! You are amazing! Thanks for the clarity of your lessons and your generosity in sharing so openly. I've been fingerpickin' the old blues guys and Travis/Atkins/Reed etc. or more than 50 years. You've given me another way of looking at the instrument. Thanks again.
picknngrinn great man!! Thanks!
excellent lesson i learned so much from it. Thank you.
This lesson is a gold mine! Can't thank you enough for your generosity...
I have been playing guitar for 60 years and professionally for 50+ of them. I have really been enjoying your videos. You are offering truly excellent advice for all levels of guitarists. Really enjoyable videos. I have recently begun developing a new act with a Dobro/Lap Steel player. We are both "old guys" just keeping musically busy. I quit performing regularly about 7 or 8 years ago. I am literally thrilled at the prospect of doing some shows this summer. Keep your excellent videos coming as time allows. Thanks.
David Bennett that’s great man!! So happy to hear that. Thanks!!
This one has blown a door open for me thank you so much!
Best lesson about how to use your F
SOLID GOLD GUTHRIE! THANK YOU FOR TAKING THE TIME TO DO THESE VIDS
Craig Lauck thanks man!!
Hey Guthrie,,,cool stuff,,,simplicity,,,I like the 2note thing,,,So many things to get under your fingers.- Thanks for the lesson. - RJ.
Yes! These lessons are so great; your explanations are very helpful. Thanks a lot for taking the time to do these. I would love you hear your approach to rhythm and counting when you are playing solos and licks.
myke232 thanks man!! Will do. I can tell you now I don’t count at all.
Very interesting!@@guthrietrappmusic
Hey Guthrie. Another great one. I've gotten into these a little now and then but didn't really understand what was going on. You explain it well and having some understanding makes all the difference. Thanks!
Great lesson sounds wonderful.
Man i love your stuff! I've learned soo much!
I feel like I'm commenting on your every clip saying how great it is. It must get boring to read. But it still holds true. Your clips are just great. I already improved in just these past 2 weeks I've been following you. You're simplifying all of this and touching on points that I never heard of in the other channels I'm following. I just hope you keep on doing these clips - I love it.
sagig72 so happy to hear that man!! Thanks a bunch!!
That's a lot of information in a short period of time Guthrie. The lights are coming on but I definitely haven't digested it all. Guess I'm a little slow with guitar but that's what makes it fun.. there's always more to learn. This is a great lesson, I appreciate it very much. thank you.
easily my favourite guitar teacher on YT
Thanks so much man!!
Man you're a wonderful teacher
Just found your channel. Incredible lesson. THANK YOU! Subscribed!
Straight forward, concise, informative, understandable, and informative. All adjectives to describe the lesson you put up today.
John Janoski Thanks a bunch !!
Quality Video, lots of very useful information in it.
Thank you so much for this lesson. This is the first time I've watched one of your videos. I think you're a great teacher because you not only teach about the notes in music, you also teach about how the sounds of the note fit together. My knowledge of music notation, chord structure etc is rudimentary. I am self taught and usually make up tunes based on the sounds I am hearing from messing around and noodling on the guitar, playing around with little melodies and trying to fit all together. Your lesson made so much sense. It pointed to endless fun and practice with the guitar to make music. I salute you and one day hope to come to one of your shows. Thank you so much sir. I am now a fan. All the best wishes and blessings to you and your family.
Awesome lesson! Thank you 😊👍
thanks a lot Guthrie for sharing your expertise to us. you are a superb maestro. thanks again
Since watching your videos I've had several ah ha moments, and I appreciate you, and all you do so much!!! Im telling anyone who will listen that this where you go to up your guitar playing / understanding!!! God bless ya bro!!! As soon as I can get back to Nashville to see ya perform I will...
Guthrie's great at teaching...
This is a GREAT lesson.
Total illumination on where these little licks come from.
Such a simple concept but truly an eye-opener for me.
Thank you!
This is exactly the stuff I’ve been needing to break up the big chords I’ve been stuck in. It’s what I’ve been wanting to play but didn’t know how to get there. Looking forward to digging into these beautiful musical exercises. It’s been said “when the student is ready the master appears.” Thank you very much, Guthrie, for sharing your insights.
Wooden Machine great man!! Thanks a bunch!!
Wow it’s right in front of my face all these years.. thanks for pointing it out. Best on TH-cam keep em coming I got a nice play list for practicing
Clinton Callaway great man! Thanks !
Great lesson. Highly recommend private lesson, I mostly play jazz but Guthrie gave me a lot of different ideas I will work on incorporating into my approach. Great player and teacher!!
Another killer video. Thanks again Guthrie.
Callan Turner thanks !!
Great stuff Guthrie, it's a privilege to watch your lessons. I'd say your subscriptions will skyrocket
frankvaleron thanks a bunch man!!
I remember learning this same thing years back and the teacher attributed it to studying Mark Knopfler. It opened up a way to understand what 2 notes are important to understand the major/minor chord changes to a song.
Very cool man! I love Mark's playing. BIG influence on me.
I can't tell you how long I've waited for a video that explains how to recognize the chord from which the double stop is based. While there are numerous lessons out there discussing double stops, this one is easy to follow and again (most importantly) functional. Thanks for the lesson!
Tom Hamrick so glad to hear that! Thanks man!
Best lesson so far in my opinion
Mas Tejeda Thanks man!!
Dearest Guthrie thank you so much for sharing the spice to good guitar playing. Your generosity never ceases to amaze me.
God bless you, amigo. Anytime you find yourself in Greece, drinks and good food are on me!
Thanks man! That would be awesome!!
Beautifully done Guthrie, can you tie in the picking technique, because it seems to enhance the chords and harmony
Hello Guthrie - I just joined your class at ArtistWorks! Saw you on Tim Pierce and realized your point of view, and how you teach, is in alignment with how I learn. Very happy so far. Still in the beginners section. Thank you! See you in class. ~Joe
Joe K Awesome man!! Happy to help!!
I have really felt like I’ve gotten out of a rut thanks to your videos and teaching style. Can’t thank you enough!
Alan Fitzgerald great man!! Thanks!
Thanks for this. Perfect timing for me where I'm at on my journey I'm applying this daily. So much to learn.
Love these lessons , this is where it's at you have opened my eyes.