Big Hitters out of a Rifle! CCI Stinger -- Aguila Supermaximum HP -- CCI Velocitor
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 10 ก.ย. 2024
- Putting some of the hottest 22LR rounds head to head out of a rifle.
Tested with the Ruger 10/22
CCI Stinger -- 32 Grains @ 1640 FPS
Aguila Supermaximum Hollow Point -- 30 Grains @ 1700 FPS
CCI Velocitor -- 40 Grains @ 1435 FPS
I have a Ruger 10-22 with a 30rd magazine loaded with stingers for home defense and this is why....
I first used the Stinger a year after it came out. Back in the mid 70's I've camped in the Black Hills with friends while stationed at Ellsworth AFB. I had a Winchester 190 that I often brought along for extra meat at times, usually rabbit. Once, on a riverbank, I tested the Stinger against the MiniMag. I shot twice into the packed mud there, almost clayish. First was the MiniMag. That round put a 2" diameter hole deep into the mud. Then came the Stinger. That round only went about 1-1½" into the mud, but that hole was around 6" in diameter. That clay-like mud flew everywhere getting mud on me, my rifle, a friend that was with me and also my rifle.
I understand how the ballistics gel is used to simulate flesh but that mud gave me a lasting impression of the Stinger's potential. My point with the packed mud was that I thought the moisture content in the mud helped to mimic the effects of the Stinger on flesh w/blood a touch more than with the gel, IMO. I no longer own the 190 but I do have a Ruger 10/22 and it's available as one of our home defense arms. It's been my opinion that getting hit with the Stinger would be most likely be non-lethal but the wound would cause such excruciating pain that it would stop an assailant/intruder in their tracks. For that reason I trained my wife to go for the Ruder first, if possible. No kids so there is a round in the chamber but on safe. She trained well to simply push the safety and pull the trigger. Her training mantra is, "Push, pull, pull, pull and keep pulling until he's down and writhing."
As far as ballistics gel and the .22, I think it has it's merits but I believe what I saw in that mud, with it's moisture like flesh, gave me more information than the gel in a home defense situation imo. As a side note, back to South Dakota for a minute, we often went shining rabbit in the Black Hills. Once, we stopped where there was a doe on the side of the road ahead of us. From the backseat I got out and rested the 190 across the roof of the car, steadied and took three shots, head-neck-chest. No rabbit that night but we all shared in the venison.
Thanks for watching! I appreciate the stories!
I like this video because it confirms my pro-Velocitor bias 👍
Thanks for watching!
@@TheOldFatDadGoobergreat test showed impact for small game
The king IS dead. long live the Velocitor! 😃
Thanks for watching!
That weight difference sure shows. Like to see this clay at 75 or 100 yards. My humble opinion is Velocitor pulls away at 100 yards.
Show us the results my friend! Your channel is coming along nicely.
Thanks for watching! Velocitors at 100! They seem to be accurate enough.
@@TheOldFatDadGoober
Try 50 move to 75 then to 100 on paper. Use your elevation knob to dail up to hit center at each distance.
Keep your D.O.P.E. and use it for your clay.
Great video's!
Keep'em coming!
@Kentuckywindage222 I've shot the Velocitor into milk jugs at 100 yards and it was a no go, no expansion at all. I've also recovered a couple from a coyote shot at 100 yards and zero expansion as well. I'd rather use CCI Mini mags instead.
I have many rounds of Stingers as compared to Velocitors. You make a good argument for having more velocitors. Thx for your videos!
@@jackandroid8489 Thanks for watching!
The Aguila looks like it would do quite a bit of damage while not causing damage to things beyond. Appreciate shots.
Thanks for watching! That's a good point.
Thanks for the data! I appreciate your testing.
Thanks for watching!
Wow, it's really beyond expectation. But it also made me realize that the Stinger isn't the most destructive bullet. It's a very interesting video because it breaks down many walls of belief. Thank you for making a great video that is useful and educational with practical experience, an undeniable fact. Very good.
Thanks for watching!
It looks like the Supermaximum dumped more of its energy in the first dogfood can than the Velocitor and Stinger. All rounds are impressive out of a rifle. Just goes to show a .22LR is nothing to laugh at. Thanks for the vid.
Thanks for watching!
Thanks as always for an informative video. I also like the Velocitor and have just found it to be the most accurate round in my CZ 452. It even narrowly beats RWS subsonic in accuracy. I like the concept of a big hitting little bullet that also penetrates deep. It stays supersonic out to about 85 yards so no transonic wierdness at normal ranges. Near zero at 25 yards puts it bang on at 75 and 2 1/2 inches low at 100. Should be a doddle to make consistent hits on squirrel size quarry out to and beyond 100 yards.
Thanks for watching! I'm surprised it doesn't stay super Sonic out to 100.
@@TheOldFatDadGoober By all accounts it doesn't seem to affect it's accuracy and as a sidenote, Minimags go transonic at about 45 yards and they do just fine. It is exceptional to find this level of accuracy at hyper velocity and that makes Velocitor unique in my book.
@@johnbragg I agree, hyper velocity typically means poor accuracy.
I agree with your conclusions.
Thanks!
I love these ballistic videos comparing different ammo! In this case my takeaway is there is not enough difference to make a difference.
Thanks for watching! They are all very close.
I thought you were shooting small game to feed to your dog, lol. You do a good job on your videos.
Thanks for watching!
@@hoosierplowboy5299 Gotta keep the wildlife happy
Another very good and educational video. Answered questions on the Veloster for predators and varmints with a .22. Thanks again for another great video. Now if I can just find some.
Thanks for watching! I've been seeing a good bit online.
TOFD G. Nice video. Good analysis of the ammos. Thanks for sharing and take care.
Thanks for watching!
As to the clay targets, the Aguila was the winner. It opened up the entrance well and spent most of the energy before the exit. If I were hunting small game, I would prefer to not have energy spent on a through shot. The fragmentation pattern was impressive. Thx
Thanks for watching!
Hello from Texas! Great video as usual! These rounds are all impressive, but my bet would be that an Aguila Interceptor would give them all a run for the money. These 3 rounds give up bullet weight for speed. The interceptor throws down 40 grains at maybe 200 fps slower, giving a lot of energy.
Thanks for watching! The trade-off of weight for speed is a tricky one. Good for making things explode, not so good for penetrating.
1470 vs 1435 stated with the velocitors is hardly 200fps.
My apologies if my numbers were off-I’ll check my Interceptor and Velocitor boxes today. But it proves my point even more if the Interceptors are close to Velocitor speed, but do it with 40 grains…
You are correct, sir, on the velocities of the two, the Aguila being just slightly higher than the Velocitor, which is also 40g. I may have been thinking of the Stinger. However, in my experience, I rarely see a .22 hollow point mushroom very well. The Interceptor has a solid soft lead tip that mushrooms very well. In fact, I’m going to the “farm” this Thursday, and I’ve got a brand new gel block. I’m shooting mostly .223, but I’ll try to save some space for some .22. I do currently have both Velocitor and Interceptor. Stay tuned. And to OFD, thanks for being the master of the .22, and a decent look-alike to Bradley Cooper…..I’m straight…..
Can't ever go wrong with aguila ammo. It's my favorite for a lot of reasons.
Thanks for watching! Love the stuff
Thanks!
Thanks for watching!
And thanks a bunch for the donation, I just saw it!
Cool comparison. 👍
Thanks for watching!
Thanks
Thanks for watching!
Great vid. Thanks👍!
Thanks for watching!
I like the show you my target board what I done with the pistol and done with stingers
Thanks for watching!
The Velocitor stands out for me. I just can't find them at my stores. Lots of Stingers tho so I stock up on those. Any of the three will do fine with me. It really comes down to availability and price.
Thanks for watching! I've found the Velocitors online.
I always enjoy watching your videos. I have to agree that the Velocitor is the overall winner. The Super Maximum and Stinger both dumped a bit more energy in the first dog food can, but the Velocitor was definitely close plus it had a little more penetration. Always look forward to your videos. I can't find the donor link that you mentioned. Never mind, I just found it. 😁
Thanks for watching! I bought 1000 round of velocitors on a whim a few years ago. I've been very happy with the purchase.
Now I know what ammo to use if I have to defend against bands of dog food! 😂
Thanks for watching! You'll be thanking me when the dog food revolt begins!!!
You keep shooting that small game simulator, you might just develop a taste for it.
Great video.
Thanks for watching! It was literally cooking in the heat. The smell was not appetizing. 🤢
Another great video... love those Velocitors!
Thanks for watching! It's a great little round.
Every time I think I need to carry a caliber larger than a .22 and I watch one of you busting up dog food cans I realize “nope.”
Thanks for watching!
I don't know anyone that would volunteer to take a .22 but a larger caliber would be more effective at quickly stopping a threat unless you cant control it.
I have to revisit this. The more I think about it, that Velocitor is probably the best all around. It dumps a respectable amount of energy on impact but the expanded bullet stays intact better than it’s competitors. It would probably work the best on larger pests providing deeper penetration and a larger wound channel.
Will someone ,who can afford it , please send Dad some ballistic gelatin!?
Thanks for watching! There's lots of folks who have done the gel testing. A good channel for that is Guns and Cars. I like my alternative options. 😅
@@TheOldFatDadGoober
I’ll admit that your “small game simulator” approach is pretty effective. Who among us hasn’t used the tomato can test to determine the power and effectiveness of the BB and pellet guns of our youth? It’s a universal standard.
Actually ,cans from the same manufacturer, probably , provide more consistent results than different batches of homemade gelatin. The same goes for clay. I’d bet money that every viewer here, at one time or another , has shot his .22 at some muck near the creek to test the effectiveness of a new batch of hollow points v/s solids.
BTW, due to my new interest in high powered pre charged pneumatic pellet guns , I’ve found a new test medium for higher powered airguns. Empty plumber’s style propane bottles. The generic blue bottles commonly found at wallyworld. When a pellet is found that can penetrate both sides, you know it will go deep.
I know that stuff is only good at short ranges and it certainly can’t handle barriers, but that kind of damage looks likes it would be devastating in a self defense scenario.
I wouldn't want to be on the receiving end.
Thanks for the video. Good test.
Thanks for watching!
Looks good pick up what you can for a reasonable price. I like the CCI 957 45gr 970fps and CCI 74 40gr 1050fps hollow point segment regularly because they are quiet.
Thanks for watching! Seeing lots of ammo out there for decent prices right now.
Ya but no primers for large rifle.
Another awesome video and I am enjoying
Thanks for watching!
* (Please interpret the following as informative/gun talk as opposed to anthing akin to complaining or cross examination, because that is not my intent).
It all depends on what you want- there is a reason there are varmint rounds and a reason there are hunting rounds in the rifle industry. There is a big difference between say a 40gr ballistic tipped .223/5.56 varmint round, and a 75gr hollow point .223/5.56 hunting round.
A varmint round is designed to be as explosive as possible and dump all it's energy immediately, which often means fragmenting and light penetration by design/physics. Hunting rounds are designed to expand but maintain structural integrity/weight retention and penetrate well, again by design/physics.
The SM is more like a varmint round, whereas the Velocitor is more of a hunting round. Your videos have proven (at close range), that the SM hollow point deals the most immediate explosive damage from both pistol *and* rifle. Which brings me to my next point, and that is the distance you are shooting at...
If you were shooting 50-100 yards instead, (due to the lower velocity at those distances) the SM would have held together better instead of fragmenting, thus giving a much larger exit hole like the Velocitor did. The results you got 2&3 videos ago from the pistol would be compareable to what the rifle would produce at 50-75 yards, and in those videos it looks like the SM did the best against the same contenders.
With that said, if you're up to it, I would love to see the same test repeated at 50-75 yards (a practical .22lr hunting distance), and then see which is king.
Lastly, I have noticed that generally the light weight projectiles in .22lr are less accurate than the heavier ones, so your results there are spot on. Perhaps another rifle with a different twist rate would change that, but most of the generic rifles out there group 36-40gr ammunition better.
Loved the video, keep it up! Fingers crossed for a 50+ yard redo...
Thanks for watching! I'm always happy to have a chat about ballistics. I agree with you that the weight and construction of the bullet are probably *the* most important factors in terminal performance. The lighter weight of the Supermaximum and Stingers are going to create more explosive results on target, especially at shorter distances.
Taking the results of the pistol tests as an indicator of what to expect at longer range, it looks like the Velocitor still does more damage on target than Stinger. Maybe more than the Supermaximum, but I'd have to do a head to head to determine that. Which is a great idea and I think I might go ahead and make that video! I do think that they are all probably good rounds for hunting and really all rimfire hunting is varmint hunting (with some rare exceptions).
I'm not sure how much weight plays into accuracy, but it certainly looks like the heavier bullets do hold better groups. Another factor to test more in future videos.
@@TheOldFatDadGoober Well the heavier bullets being more accurate from a given barrel twist rate has more to do with the bullet length than it's weight- but typically a heavier bullet is a longer bullet, so it's usually safe to refer to the weight in regards to twist weight.
For example, I asked BCA for a 1:9 twist in the AR 5.56 upper they sent me recently because I shoot 55gr ammo. The 1:8 ratio is better for the 62gr projectiles, and the 1:7 ratio better for anything heavier. But a 62gr is longer than a 55gr, and a 69gr is longer than a 62gr and so on.
Generally the only time a lighter bullet in the same chambering will be the same length or longer than a heavier one, is either due to an extreme bullet design where the core is hollowed out extensively, or with 100% copper projectiles because lead is heavier.
I re-watched those pistol videos last night before leaving the initial comment, and I thought the SM (hollow point) had a better permanent cavity in the clay than the Velocitor (focusing on the clay). But there is only one way to find out through the rifle at a medium range, so I'm happy to hear you are entertaining doing the expirement and I think your viewers will enjoy it as well.
For what it's worth, over the past 20 years I've almost exclusively used Mini Mags (HP) or equivelant (36-38gr HP's at 1200+fps) for hunting/varmints; just your standard "high velocity" HP's. There for a while I used Velocitors because they did have a little more punch, but I went back to Mini Mags for the cheaper price and better accuracy after realizing that at the end of the day, I'm still just shooting a .22lr. Going from a Mini Mag to a Velocitor is nothing like going from a .380 to a 9mm for example, so I'm not really gaining much to make the switch especially considering I *am* losing accuracy and money...
That being said, I still very much enjoy these videos and seeing the differences. And for those who actually do use .22lr for personal projection, those small increases in performance from one round to the other are invaluable (extremely useful). When your life or limbs are on the line, you'll want that little bit of extra performance, because it might make the ultimate difference and save your skin. When dispatching varmints or small game, it's not very relevant because the standard stuff still gets the job done just about as well.
What I found interesting in this video though was that they all penetrated the same distance in the dog food. I thought for sure the Velocitor would go further...
@@BuckeyeBallistics Yeah that dog food test was interesting. I've got some friends that are going to do night hunting and pest control and are legally limited to rimfire. Shooting larger game like beaver, coyote, and hog has them interested in some of these hotter 22 rounds.
Good video Dad enjoyed ,its hot up here in NC too keep on chootin 👍
Thanks for watching! Stay cool out there.
Supermaximum dump almost all its energy in the clay, that’s what I want for small game, accuracy will vary gun to gun and how you center the round. If you center wit the supermaximum it may be the most accurate of the three.
Thanks for watching! I think the supermaximum is plenty accurate for hunting within 50 yard.
you need to get rid of the suppressor because it does nothing for super sonic loads it only works on subsonics. Then get your self a barrel tuner ,because a tuner can bring in the group sizes to be much closer. when i shot aguila the first time at 100 yards it shot a 3 inch group but when i used the barrel tuner it shot a group size of about 3/4 inch at 100 yards.
Thanks for watching! Interesting ideas.
I'm late getting into this but you might try putting Federal Punch in the mix. It's been an impressive round from what I've seen and it actually out penetrates every other 22 round. I'm curious to see if it can outdo the others in your type of testing, which I like better than straight gel testing. I agree with you Fat Dad, Velocitor wins.
Thanks for watching! That’s a good idea. Someone suggested a tournament style series of videos. I might try that.
What! No yellow jackets or vipers! I am agreeing with your thoughts. Great video.
Thanks for watching!
I presume you were out of Aguila Interceptor. I would have reshot the Velocitor on the pop bottle, I think it tumbled.
Thanks for watching! I have bunches of interceptors, just giving them a break. Folks have been interested in the Supermaximum and I haven’t really explored them much.
I get faster speeds from my 12" barrel than my 16" barrel. There's really not much powder in those little cases. I bet the optimal length is probably closer to 8 or 10 inches. That all changes when you go to 22 MAG though.
Thanks for watching! Paul Harrell just put out a couple of interesting videos about how the length of barrel effects the velocity of a 22. It looked like 16ish inches gets you pretty close to top velocity.
I just bedded my savage mark II 22lr. I'll have to see which "ultra" round shoots best out of it. I would definitely say the velocitor won by a landslide for your gun. It doesn't matter how powerful the round is, if you can't hit what you're shooting at.
Thanks for watching! I'd really like to get one of those Mark 2's. Sweet little rifles.
Great information 👍 I say Velocitors
Thanks for watching!
Did you have to adjust your scope everytime you change ammo from Aguila to Stingers to Velocitors?
@@Mrbankfisherman I had to make adjustments between each. One was waaaay off, but I can't remember which.
It took me awhile to realize it was the grain of the ammo that made a difference so I'm just gonna have my 10/22 designated for Velocitors only as my small game rifle. Thanks
I have a barrel chambered for cci stinger, it’s 1 in 18 twist bull barrel.
Thanks for watching! That sounds neat!
Wish you would have tested the segmented stingers!!! Every rifle and pistol of own won't shoot the super maximum ammo with any degree of hunting accuracy past 15 yards. Imo the projectiles are smaller in diamter than most barrels. My most accurate groups cz452 shoots 6 to 9 inch groups at 50 yards...which is horrible. The stingers will all shoot in the same hole. Not a fan of them for small game hunting though. I have shot alot of small game with them and zero anchoring power unless head shots are taken. I was expecting 22wmr explosive performance. I have better anchoring power and accuracy with cheap Winchester 333s. I close to the same accuracy with the segmented stingers but haven't try them for hunting yet.
Thanks for watching! I haven’t tried the Stingers for hunting yet. I mostly use subsonic round nose ammo. I would shoot more of the stinger segmented but I can’t find much anymore.
GOD BLESS SAINTS and PATRIOTS
Thanks for watching!
I was just sitting here waiting for my hand gun order to arrive and I began thinking. Could you flatten a car tire with a 22lr from a hand gun at maybe 10 feet??😁😁
Thanks for watching! Good question...might have to test it out. My gut instinct is yes though.
"Small Game Simulator" ....,LOL!! This kills me. I am going to steal your idea Old Fat Dad. Shooting at full dog food cans is a really grand idea. Keep up the fine work, my man ...!! > 🙂
Thanks for watching! It's a great target, cheap and entertaining.
@@TheOldFatDadGoober
Nice video,
From what I have read and seen. It seems the faster a .22lr goes, the more it becomes less accurate and unstable at long ranges. ( over 50 to 75 yards). So if you're using a .22lr for small game hunting at distances over 50 yards, these might not be the best choice?
JT
Thanks for watching! I've heard different opinions on it. I prefer low velocity but other folks swear by the fast stuff.
how did the clear sprite bottle you shot with the super maximum become a gingerale bottle for the slowmo shot?
Thanks for watching! It was an ancient goober nation magic spell!
I bet the raccoons and skunks in the area love to check it out those leftovers, from the dog can shoot 🤔
Thanks for watching! I love keeping the small game interested.
@@TheOldFatDadGoober well there’s eyes on you in the woods, Anticipate being another showdown, for those midnight munchies 🤔
BTW, I’m a happily-married man with a great wife, so don’t take this the wrong way, but with the beard, you’ve kind of got a Bradley Cooper look going on! Anyone else agree?
I just shaved today too dang it!
Fun video, thanks. Did you shoot for accuracy at 50 yards?
Thanks for watching! My accuracy tests with 22LR are at 50 yards. Sometimes I will change it up, but I'll make sure to say so if it's not 50.
I have been getting surprisingly good groups with the Velocitor so I don't think your group was a fluke.
Thanks for watching! Good to hear!
I agree, velocitor wins
Thanks for watching! Heck of a round!
Hey been awhile, that a new 10/22 or is it the same one with a different stock?
Thanks for watching! Same 10/22, I put a stock from a Target Lite version on it that I found cheap. I really like the feel of the new stock.
@@TheOldFatDadGoober noice, Me after years or should I say decades of having the factory 18" Ruger barrel I finally got a new barrel for mine. Same kind by Ruger but a 20" LVT (Light Varmint Target) take - off barrel from eBay. I just installed it yesderday. I still never see any Velocitors or the Aah Gee Lah you tried only the Stingers. Only found the CCI SV, gonna try them in my new barrel.
@@lawrencehawk5179 Can't go wrong with Standard Velocity.
No copper22? Good comparisons though!! 👍👍👍
Thanks for watching! I'll revisit those soon.
@@TheOldFatDadGoober no need brother, I just saw the aguila vs copper you did 👍👍👍
This comment probably don’t mean anything but can you do a review on the .22 Remington golden bullet
Thanks for watching! I've never considered doing that. If I find some I'll give it a shot.
Booo! Waited and watched all that time just for the grouping to be left out. 🤣🤷🏾🤣
Still nice video! Makes me want to go out and compare the rounds I have
Thanks for watching! Sorry about the missing groups!
@@TheOldFatDadGoober Thanks for responding! Eh no biggie can't please everyone haha.
Thinking maybe doing something like this, never really tested the ammo I use, and lately been wondering which is better with my Mossberg Plinkster int'l 802 haha
The cci velocitor is a 40gr slug
Thanks for watching! Did I mislabel it? Sorry!
Idea to save you a few bucks,, Fill up empty milk jugs and water jugs with water and you might even add a few drops of food coloring,,, Otherwise it was a great test.
Thanks for watching! I like the extra spray you get from the soda.
Self defense, short barreled pistol , Aguila.
Rifle, Velocitor.
CCI should sell off their stock of Stingers for eighty cents a box and develop another round.🙄 Just kidding (not really,fishing for a deal.) Stingers are a useable compromise between the two. Good stuff dad. 👍 Maybe someday we’ll crowd fund you a range raincoat.
Thanks for watching! I could use a good poncho!
@@TheOldFatDadGoober
You said it! BTW, as per your request, don’t shoot your eye out!
An 18 inch barrel is too long for a 22LR.
Thanks for watching! Check this video out for a good barrel length for 22 discussion:
th-cam.com/video/Rxvg6xGFvZ8/w-d-xo.html
IMHO, overall, the Velocitor 1st, Aguila SM 2nd, Stinger 3rd...good test, dad...
Thanks for watching! That's my rating as well.
Try the federal 👊
Thanks for watching! I've shot the punch a good bit in earlier videos. Let me know if you want me to hunt down the link.
Stinger clay reminds me of ex wife!!
Thanks for watching! 🤢
Eley match is best .
Thanks for watching! Good for accuracy, not great for power.
Targets and tools says Federal punch is best. I’d love to see punch vs. supermaximum!
Thanks for watching! Good idea!
Very very little difference in all of them Very lethal. This ammunition in a rifle is no toy very lethal Not just the small game.
Thanks for watching! I agree.
Add Federal Premium Hunter Match
Thanks for watching! I've tested federal Hunter before and it isn't on the same level as these rounds. I'll send you the link to the video if you e want
@@TheOldFatDadGoober sure. I'd like to see Eley Match ( black Box) as well even though it's not a hollow point. They are supposed to be the most accurate
@@AnthonyRubeoOutdoors th-cam.com/video/rMwrRpDAPD4/w-d-xo.html There is the Federal Hunter review. From a while back...
@@AnthonyRubeoOutdoors And here is a 100 yard shoot with Eley Match.
th-cam.com/video/rMwrRpDAPD4/w-d-xo.html
During the first Thanksgiving they had a shooting contest between the pilgrims and Indians and the Indians won 🏆 because they were shooting stingers and the pilgrims were shooting Federal bulk. They should have known better.
Thanks for watching! That's quite a story...Seems like I've heard it different. 🤔
@@TheOldFatDadGoober Well if you get in Mr. Peabodys way back machine and go back to 1621 youll see I know my facts.
Seem like this guy is dumb
Great video
Thanks for watching!
I see a lot of videos just like this, but they don't tell us squat about what the effectiveness is of the gun at say seventy-five yards when you want to use it for hunting purposes. I've had a couple of air rifles that can destroy cans of dog food at 30 ft.
Thanks for watching! I've got just the video for you:
th-cam.com/video/zwd5DXYejrE/w-d-xo.html
@@TheOldFatDadGoober Thank you, sir.
Wouldn't want to get hit by any of them.
Thanks for watching! Me either.
Thanks!
Thanks for watching!
Thanks for the tip! I just saw the donation, that’s awesome! I really appreciate it.