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Wow. I've been searching for a good explanation of regeneration braking for hours until I finally stumbled upon this. Thank you for this amazing explanation!
As added info, not all EV cars are single pedal... For example, both the Porsche Taycan and Toyota Prius control the amount of regen by using the brake pedal. The car uses regen braking as much as possible, then adds friction only if needed
There's one important thing to note here though. Regen braking cannot fully replace friction brakes. While they do slow down the car the mechanical brakes are still needed to hold the car in place when coming to a complete stop. Also, in panic braking situations, the regen braking cannot force the car to slam to a stop on its own and needs to be supplemented with the mechanical brakes as regen braking can only gradually slow the car down. But overall, your mechanical brakes will last much longer as they are only serving as auxiliary brakes in an EV.
You are partially wrong. In some cars, regenative braking can be used to fully slow down a car and bring it to a halt. The car will not move unless you press the accelerator again. I know teslas have this feature because I have experienced it myself.
@@CloroxBleach-hi6jd But Teslas I know for a fact have mechanical brakes. I get what you mean that the regenerative brakes slows it down to a halt but they can't keep it in place. The car stays still because it doesn't creep forward like a gas powered automatic car (but there is a creep forward mode on Teslas you can activate) but if you are on a hill, you probably still need the mechanical brakes. What I did hear is that with Teslas you can drive the car with only the accelerator. The instant you release it the regen instantly activates and it slows down even activates the brake lights much like driving a manual car on a lower gear. I'm curious to experience it myself it sounds like something awkward at first but takes time getting used to.
I have a PHEV with 30 miles EV range, I am at 200mpg, 900 miles on this tank and still have over 3/4 of a tank. 7 mile trip is like 2.2 miles of regen. Amazing tech. My car gets about 600 miles of range on a tank alone.
This is the best explanation I have seen. Thank you very much! I can see how regeneration takes place when the vehicle is coasting. I have a question, when I apply brakes or when it has to stop immediately, traditional braking is essential, right? Is it more like a combination of regeneration and traditional braking that is taking place when I apply brakes in that case?
Good to hear! And yes, traditional brakes are still necessary. Usually regen can't slow you down as quickly in an emergency, so there's usually a combination of both in EVs. Most will show you down to about 5mph and you still have to hit the brake to completely stop
It explains what the engine is doing and other than charging the battery, how it is stopping the kenetic energy you've built up? What if you're in a panic stop... some one runs a stop sign, do you simply let off the throttle pedal fo an emergency stop
All EVs have standard friction brakes that can stop the car quickly. Depending on the car, regen intensity can also be adjusted. I currently have my model 3 set to full regen, so I usually don't have to hit the brake at all, but occasionally when I need to slow down quickly I do press the brake.
I know that just sounds dangerous scary and crazy reckless not to have brakes on a car but they don't have to abide by all the motor vehicle laws because technically it's not a motor vehicle it don't burn gas that's why It don't have to have mirrors
I was told by a sales guy that regenerative "braking" was when you actually applied the brake but this makes more sense in that when driving down a long declining hill like on a freeway I could actually see the power being sent back to the battery without putting my foot on the brake (I had a Chevy Volt with an animated display showing power direction). So it seems it works with both the applied brake and when you are simply coasting.
It depends on the vehicle and what settings you have enabled, so both can be true. Usually regen is on by default and will occur any time you let off the accelerator, but it could also occur only while pressing the brake on some vehicles.
Alex Sibila yes, it was set for both on my Chevy Volt. I did not see anywhere you would have a “choice” of settings but it appears that it was set for both. Thanks.
Thank you for providing this excellent explanation, Alex. I would be grateful, if you would respond to several related questions that my wife and I have. We just purchased a 2020 Toyota Camry Hybrid XLE; each time, while driving, we release the accelerator pedal, we hear a sound - a single knock. Is it reasonable to presume that such a sound is normal, that is produced by the regenerative braking system functioning properly? If so - if one can expect to hear sounds from that system - should one accept as "normal" any sound, or should some sounds cause concern? Is it possible for an automotive technician to quiet sounds produced by regenerative braking that annoy the driver? Thank you for considering these questions.
I personally have never heard a knock when regen braking kicks in... I've test driven a lot of hybrids and EVs and never heard it once. Sounds like you should definitely get a mechanic to take a look at it, especially on a semi-new car!
David and Alex, i am guessing that the "knock' maybe a solenoid or something switching in, as the motor is switched into regen mode. This is really a less than ideal solution using one pedal. Originally some electric vehicles (many years ago) used a tiller: forward to power motor from battery, vertical to freewheel , under no load , and back to apply regenerative braking. The other advantage to that idea is that with maximum braking the car stops (and recharges the battery) very quickly. Your car may need adjusting. I don't know, because I am not at all up to date on this. I used to pay attention to electric vehicles in the 1960's, and have worked on many electric motor designs and engineering using regenerative braking, but for driving manufacturing processes, not cars.
Hey there Alex! This was a fantastic video, but I'm still a little confused about one thing. Why exactly does the electric motor slow down so much faster than letting a gas car coast? Like what is making it slow down so quickly instead of just continuing to roll similar to an ICE
The electric motor has more resistance since it has a load attached to it and is trying to overcome electromagnetic force. ICE cars only have friction to overcome when moving, so they slow down at a slower rate. That's the simplest way to explain it without a bunch of math haha
Here is another explanation:; The electric motor in a car can also be made to "freewheel' if it is loaded into "no" load' condition: I E: a high resistance. The term high resistance represents the opposite one would assume in everyday life ... in electronics it means a path for electrons which is very poor, so the same voltage loaded to a high resistance draws less current, and consequently uses less power than a low resistance connected to the same voltage source. This is because a motor that can act as a generator has no current draw when the resistance that it "sees" is very high. The electric motor will stop or slow a lot if it is loaded into a "low resistance" because a lot of current is drawn from it. The only way that truck could be made, not to need recharging is if it is always carrying a heavy load down hill and releasing it at a lower altitude. To drive the same load of rocks, back up the hill (same load) would require more energy than it gained going down, because of friction, air resistance, and heat lost by the motor/generator.
Check out engineering explained's channel, he's got some good stuff there. I could go through it but it loses a lot of people and the average consumer looking at EVs doesn't really care about the math - just how it affects them and their driving.
What about hybrid battery going bad some hacks or advice would be nice be i just bought a lemon and the hybrid battery losing charge not keeping charge due to cold i cant afford 1000.2000 after paying 1200 smh
What happens when the battery is 100% charged? Does regen braking still work then? The resistance braking your car when it's regen braking comes from the magnetic fields that are created by the electric current that is charging the battery. When the battery is full that means no electrical resistance in the battery, meaning no current flowing, in other words no electromagnetic fields created to stop the rotor of the motor from free spinning. and slowing down the car. Is that true? If so, it can be really dangerous relying on regen braking in those moments.
Correct! When I'm at 100% regen doesn't work and you have to adjust your driving a bit. However a majority of the time I don't charge past 90% since it's healthier for the battery and what the manual recommends.
Well explained. Be amazing if evs ever go beyond a niche market because still nothing in the pipeline to match fossil fuel car range and ease of fueling despite decades of research.
@@FluxMD Nah, not really if you check the facts. The first car on UK roads appeared around 1900 by 1930 there were a million because the tech was bang on from the get go unlike EVs. EVs preceded gas cars but failed because of range and charging issues and despite mass advertising and govt incentives they're still niche market because of the same issues. Tesla led the rebirth in the early 2000s and the market share is still piss poor nothing like the amazing take over by the internal combustion energy over ponies. Nice niche market toys though.
Most EVs have settings to adjust the amount of regen. I can't speak on every car, but I can turn it completely off on my Tesla. Takes some time to get used to, but I definitely prefer regen over coasting.
@@Sibs If I have to guess, it probably feels like driving either a stickshift on a lower gear of an older car without the overdrive on. Probably just takes some getting used to.
What I'd like to know is if this regeneration system would charge the battery to full if it were to be continuously rotated by force? That is the only thing that is really important; because if it could; then it could charge the car while you are sleeping; if it were to be connected to a wind turbine that would be what could even be part of the vehicle. Because that is really what everyone want; free energy to run their car; that is everyone that isn't making money with selling energy.
Best to drive your EV on level 0! No regen. To extende you range you mast plane you driving: 1. left your foot from the throttle and glid as long you are not slowing the trafic bihand, then 2. regen to slow, then 3 brake to stop.
A vehicle never having charge is violation of the laws of physics, and simply isn't true. Also, this video fails to address it's key purpose: how the motor acting as generator causes the vehicle to slow down.
I know this may sound crazy but why can’t Tesla use regen braking in reverse that way it’ll charge the car while you drive. Now that would be world changing
Because that would mean Tesla would have figured out how to make energy out of nothing, which is impossible. You can only have regen when the car is slowing down or going downhill because of the excess potential energy. Once the car gets moving it has to constantly be "pushed" by something, in this case the motors, to overcome external forces on the car.
@@Sibs It would be a mistake to push current to the battery while coasting, the kinetic resistance will slow the car reducing the efficiency of the coast, slowing the car is what the brakes are for... (Which, in your defense, is what I think you were trying to say)
EV's are not 'awesome' in stop and go traffic because the electric system cannot efficiently convert the high torque energy into the battery at low speeds. (like traffic jams) An EV does this okay, but a hydraulic system does this almost twice as efficiently... which is why frequently stopping low speed vehicles such as UPS trucks and city busses use hydraulic, not electric.
How could a one pedal system work for example downhill?.. Accelerate until your dead, or stop completely?.. Perhaps the ECU tells you how fast you're allowed to go, vs. freedom? Drivers should be smart enough to set their own cruise control speed, plus - coasting while off the accelerator is a huge energy saver.
Have my videos helped you out? Use my referral link to buy a Tesla and get up to $500 off and 3 months of Full Self-Driving Capability. ts.la/alex23895
Wow. I've been searching for a good explanation of regeneration braking for hours until I finally stumbled upon this. Thank you for this amazing explanation!
Good to hear, thanks!
Probably the best description of regenerative braking I've found!
Good to hear, thanks for watching!
As added info, not all EV cars are single pedal... For example, both the Porsche Taycan and Toyota Prius control the amount of regen by using the brake pedal. The car uses regen braking as much as possible, then adds friction only if needed
True! Depends on the car but most of the ones I've driven have regen when you let off the accel pedal
@@Sibs If you'd like a deep dive into EV regen, take a look at the Weberauto channel
some ev 3 peadales stick shit clutch ekrruc farri 307 gt
There's one important thing to note here though. Regen braking cannot fully replace friction brakes. While they do slow down the car the mechanical brakes are still needed to hold the car in place when coming to a complete stop. Also, in panic braking situations, the regen braking cannot force the car to slam to a stop on its own and needs to be supplemented with the mechanical brakes as regen braking can only gradually slow the car down. But overall, your mechanical brakes will last much longer as they are only serving as auxiliary brakes in an EV.
Yup, all true!!
You are partially wrong. In some cars, regenative braking can be used to fully slow down a car and bring it to a halt. The car will not move unless you press the accelerator again. I know teslas have this feature because I have experienced it myself.
@@CloroxBleach-hi6jd But Teslas I know for a fact have mechanical brakes. I get what you mean that the regenerative brakes slows it down to a halt but they can't keep it in place. The car stays still because it doesn't creep forward like a gas powered automatic car (but there is a creep forward mode on Teslas you can activate) but if you are on a hill, you probably still need the mechanical brakes. What I did hear is that with Teslas you can drive the car with only the accelerator. The instant you release it the regen instantly activates and it slows down even activates the brake lights much like driving a manual car on a lower gear. I'm curious to experience it myself it sounds like something awkward at first but takes time getting used to.
@@juanzingarello4005 I forgot about that part. If you are on a steep enough hill the regen braking will not be enough to stop it.
@@CloroxBleach-hi6jd True, the Bolt-EV motor can hold the car in place (when you select L for OPD) even on a hill.
Very clear and informative, thanks
Thank you alex best explanation on youtube, not even engineeringexplained could explain it this clearly sorry dude
Oh good to hear!! I try to avoid all the math because it seems to confuse people lol
I have a PHEV with 30 miles EV range, I am at 200mpg, 900 miles on this tank and still have over 3/4 of a tank. 7 mile trip is like 2.2 miles of regen. Amazing tech. My car gets about 600 miles of range on a tank alone.
So how does the regenerative braking vary the regeneration? Is it just by feeding the motor electricity at a smaller rate?
Modulating the reverse torque on the rotor
you know what, this was the third video I watched that actually explains regen lol
Great explanation. We use one pedal braking on our Model Y and absolutely love it. I’m never going back to a Dino juice powered automobile!
This is the best explanation I have seen. Thank you very much! I can see how regeneration takes place when the vehicle is coasting. I have a question, when I apply brakes or when it has to stop immediately, traditional braking is essential, right? Is it more like a combination of regeneration and traditional braking that is taking place when I apply brakes in that case?
Good to hear! And yes, traditional brakes are still necessary. Usually regen can't slow you down as quickly in an emergency, so there's usually a combination of both in EVs. Most will show you down to about 5mph and you still have to hit the brake to completely stop
Best explanation on TH-cam
my hybrid has regen braking as well. the feeling is there.
That was helpful thank you so much
Great video, after my third video, this one finally explains it.
It explains what the engine is doing and other than charging the battery, how it is stopping the kenetic energy you've built up? What if you're in a panic stop... some one runs a stop sign, do you simply let off the throttle pedal fo an emergency stop
All EVs have standard friction brakes that can stop the car quickly. Depending on the car, regen intensity can also be adjusted. I currently have my model 3 set to full regen, so I usually don't have to hit the brake at all, but occasionally when I need to slow down quickly I do press the brake.
I know that just sounds dangerous scary and crazy reckless not to have brakes on a car but they don't have to abide by all the motor vehicle laws because technically it's not a motor vehicle it don't burn gas that's why It don't have to have mirrors
I was told by a sales guy that regenerative "braking" was when you actually applied the brake but this makes more sense in that when driving down a long declining hill like on a freeway I could actually see the power being sent back to the battery without putting my foot on the brake (I had a Chevy Volt with an animated display showing power direction). So it seems it works with both the applied brake and when you are simply coasting.
It depends on the vehicle and what settings you have enabled, so both can be true. Usually regen is on by default and will occur any time you let off the accelerator, but it could also occur only while pressing the brake on some vehicles.
Alex Sibila yes, it was set for both on my Chevy Volt. I did not see anywhere you would have a “choice” of settings but it appears that it was set for both. Thanks.
Wow I finally got it. Thanks
Great video 👍.
Total explanation in 37 seconds 1:53 to 2:30
Thank you for providing this excellent explanation, Alex. I would be grateful, if you would respond to several related questions that my wife and I have. We just purchased a 2020 Toyota Camry Hybrid XLE; each time, while driving, we release the accelerator pedal, we hear a sound - a single knock. Is it reasonable to presume that such a sound is normal, that is produced by the regenerative braking system functioning properly? If so - if one can expect to hear sounds from that system - should one accept as "normal" any sound, or should some sounds cause concern? Is it possible for an automotive technician to quiet sounds produced by regenerative braking that annoy the driver? Thank you for considering these questions.
I personally have never heard a knock when regen braking kicks in... I've test driven a lot of hybrids and EVs and never heard it once. Sounds like you should definitely get a mechanic to take a look at it, especially on a semi-new car!
@@Sibs Thank you for your prompt, helpful reply!
No problem, best of luck with you car! Hope everything works out :)
David and Alex, i am guessing that the "knock' maybe a solenoid or something switching in, as the motor is switched into regen mode. This is really a less than ideal solution using one pedal. Originally some electric vehicles (many years ago) used a tiller: forward to power motor from battery, vertical to freewheel , under no load , and back to apply regenerative braking. The other advantage to that idea is that with maximum braking the car stops (and recharges the battery) very quickly. Your car may need adjusting. I don't know, because I am not at all up to date on this. I used to pay attention to electric vehicles in the 1960's, and have worked on many electric motor designs and engineering using regenerative braking, but for driving manufacturing processes, not cars.
So, are Regen Brakes able to be implemented in something like a motorcycle?
Hey there Alex! This was a fantastic video, but I'm still a little confused about one thing. Why exactly does the electric motor slow down so much faster than letting a gas car coast? Like what is making it slow down so quickly instead of just continuing to roll similar to an ICE
The electric motor has more resistance since it has a load attached to it and is trying to overcome electromagnetic force. ICE cars only have friction to overcome when moving, so they slow down at a slower rate. That's the simplest way to explain it without a bunch of math haha
Here is another explanation:; The electric motor in a car can also be made to "freewheel' if it is loaded into "no" load' condition: I E: a high resistance. The term high resistance represents the opposite one would assume in everyday life ... in electronics it means a path for electrons which is very poor, so the same voltage loaded to a high resistance draws less current, and consequently uses less power than a low resistance connected to the same voltage source. This is because a motor that can act as a generator has no current draw when the resistance that it "sees" is very high. The electric motor will stop or slow a lot if it is loaded into a "low resistance" because a lot of current is drawn from it.
The only way that truck could be made, not to need recharging is if it is always carrying a heavy load down hill and releasing it at a lower altitude. To drive the same load of rocks, back up the hill (same load) would require more energy than it gained going down, because of friction, air resistance, and heat lost by the motor/generator.
Also keeps rims clean from brake dust.
Thanks man
3 phase motor that switches back and forth between ac drive and dc alternator
How would you do an emergency stop with these brakes?
You still have friction brakes like normal vehicles, so you can "slam" on the brakes of necessary.
What about coasting downhill?
Where do I find all the physics and math equations you talk about
Check out engineering explained's channel, he's got some good stuff there. I could go through it but it loses a lot of people and the average consumer looking at EVs doesn't really care about the math - just how it affects them and their driving.
@@Sibs yeah that's true I didn't think about the fact that most people don't care how the things they use work
What about hybrid battery going bad some hacks or advice would be nice be i just bought a lemon and the hybrid battery losing charge not keeping charge due to cold i cant afford 1000.2000 after paying 1200 smh
What happens when the battery is 100% charged? Does regen braking still work then? The resistance braking your car when it's regen braking comes from the magnetic fields that are created by the electric current that is charging the battery. When the battery is full that means no electrical resistance in the battery, meaning no current flowing, in other words no electromagnetic fields created to stop the rotor of the motor from free spinning. and slowing down the car. Is that true? If so, it can be really dangerous relying on regen braking in those moments.
Correct! When I'm at 100% regen doesn't work and you have to adjust your driving a bit. However a majority of the time I don't charge past 90% since it's healthier for the battery and what the manual recommends.
Well explained. Be amazing if evs ever go beyond a niche market because still nothing in the pipeline to match fossil fuel car range and ease of fueling despite decades of research.
Same was once said of horse and buggy
@@FluxMD Nah, not really if you check the facts.
The first car on UK roads appeared around 1900 by 1930 there were a million because the tech was bang on from the get go unlike EVs.
EVs preceded gas cars but failed because of range and charging issues and despite mass advertising and govt incentives they're still niche market because of the same issues.
Tesla led the rebirth in the early 2000s and the market share is still piss poor nothing like the amazing take over by the internal combustion energy over ponies.
Nice niche market toys though.
The Stator is Equal To Stationary and Rotor is Equal to Rotational-Force, That's another way to explain the {Rotor-and-Stator}.
so its impossible to coast? ..i mean if you let go of the accelerator it'll instantly engine brake.
Most EVs have settings to adjust the amount of regen. I can't speak on every car, but I can turn it completely off on my Tesla. Takes some time to get used to, but I definitely prefer regen over coasting.
@@Sibs i found you can just pop it into neutral on most forklifts.. but if you did that the machine wouldnt last a whole 8 hour shift.
@@Sibs If I have to guess, it probably feels like driving either a stickshift on a lower gear of an older car without the overdrive on. Probably just takes some getting used to.
It can't NEVER require recharging. That would violate the 2nd law of thermodynamics. It only recaptures about 70% of the energy lost.
Agree , even for this particular case (i.e; the trunk is going uphill empty, then goes down with big Load)
wrinv godc are 300 perçt efect ór 102 oerct efet
What I'd like to know is if this regeneration system would charge the battery to full if it were to be continuously rotated by force? That is the only thing that is really important; because if it could; then it could charge the car while you are sleeping; if it were to be connected to a wind turbine that would be what could even be part of the vehicle. Because that is really what everyone want; free energy to run their car; that is everyone that isn't making money with selling energy.
In that case it's probably better to just plug in. Regen braking is great for recouping energy while moving, but not very efficient when stationary.
Wow
Never mind if you think two pedals in a car is complicated I don't think I want you explaining physics of staters lol
the three oeaels 1980 ckutçh
Love 1 pedal driving, I can actually rest my foot more
The problem is when people let go of the gas to brake but no brake lights
The brake light is programmed to turn on when regen braking is happening.
@@Sibs some of these Teslas slow down and the light never turns on
He means jet ski sensation, if you stop accelerating water stops you.
yes
The dump truck never needs to recharge? Some dump truck
It never needs to charge? Okay that’s just false.
Regen braking helps it charge less often but not “Never”
In that specific vehicle's case, it does not need to charge. But for most vehicles, you're correct
Best to drive your EV on level 0! No regen.
To extende you range you mast plane you driving:
1. left your foot from the throttle and glid as long you are not slowing the trafic bihand,
then
2. regen to slow,
then
3 brake to stop.
A vehicle never having charge is violation of the laws of physics, and simply isn't true. Also, this video fails to address it's key purpose: how the motor acting as generator causes the vehicle to slow down.
You stole that animation from Bosch 😂
I know this may sound crazy but why can’t Tesla use regen braking in reverse that way it’ll charge the car while you drive. Now that would be world changing
Because that would mean Tesla would have figured out how to make energy out of nothing, which is impossible. You can only have regen when the car is slowing down or going downhill because of the excess potential energy. Once the car gets moving it has to constantly be "pushed" by something, in this case the motors, to overcome external forces on the car.
that would literally defy everything we know about physics.
Terrible description
K
@@Sibs It would be a mistake to push current to the battery while coasting, the kinetic resistance will slow the car reducing the efficiency of the coast, slowing the car is what the brakes are for... (Which, in your defense, is what I think you were trying to say)
EV's are not 'awesome' in stop and go traffic because the electric system cannot efficiently convert the high torque energy into the battery at low speeds. (like traffic jams) An EV does this okay, but a hydraulic system does this almost twice as efficiently... which is why frequently stopping low speed vehicles such as UPS trucks and city busses use hydraulic, not electric.
How could a one pedal system work for example downhill?.. Accelerate until your dead, or stop completely?..
Perhaps the ECU tells you how fast you're allowed to go, vs. freedom? Drivers should be smart enough to set their own cruise control speed, plus - coasting while off the accelerator is a huge energy saver.
@@jhunterholland there are times and places for regen braking Ofcourse it’s not ideal in stop and go traffic but u can turn it off