BSc sem 3 Chemistry Major 4 (MJ-4) complete notes|| chapter 1-4
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 30 ม.ค. 2025
- BSc sem 3 Chemistry Major 4 (MJ-4) complete notes|| chapter 1-4 #physicalchemistry #vbu #fyugp #nep
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SEMESTER III
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MAJOR COURSE MJ-4 (Theory)
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY -I
Course Content:
1. Gaseous State:
Behaviour of real gases: Deviations from ideal gas behaviour, compressibility factor,
and its variation with pressure for different gases. Causes of deviation from ideal
behaviour. van der Waals equation of state, its derivation and application in
explaining real gas behaviour; van der Waals equation expressed in virial form, Boyle
temperature. Isotherms of real gases and their comparison
with van der Waals isotherms, continuity of states, critical state, critical and van der
Waals constants, law of corresponding states.
Kinetic molecular model of a gas: Postulates and derivation of the kinetic gas
equation; collision frequency; collision diameter; mean free path and viscosity of
gases, including their temperature and pressure dependence, relation between
mean free path and coefficient of viscosity, calculation of σ from η; variation of
viscosity with temperature and pressure. Maxwell distribution and its use in
evaluating molecular velocities (average, root mean square and most probable) and
average kinetic energy, law of equipartition of energy, degrees of freedom and
molecular basis of heat capacities.
2. Liquid State:
Structure and physical properties of liquids; vapour pressure, surface tension,
viscosity, and their dependence on temperature, Effect of addition of various solutes
on surface tension, cleansing action of detergents. Structure of water.
3. Solid State:
Nature of the solid state, law of constancy of interfacial angles, law of rational
indices, Miller indices, elementary ideas of symmetry, symmetry elements and
symmetry operations, qualitative idea of point and space groups, seven crystal
systems and fourteen Bravais lattices; X-ray diffraction, Bragg’s law, a simple account
of rotating crystal method and powder pattern method. Analysis of powder
diffraction patterns of NaCl, CsCl and KCl. Various types of defects in crystals, Glasses
and liquid crystals.
4. Ionic equilibria:
Strong, moderate and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, factors affecting
degree of ionization, ionization constant and ionic product of water. Ionization of weak acids and bases, pH scale, common ion effect; dissociation constants of mono-
, di- and tri-protic acids. Salt hydrolysis, hydrolysis constants, degree of hydrolysis
and pH for different salts. Buffer solutions; Henderson equation, buffer capacity,
buffer range, buffer action, applications of buffers in analytical chemistry, Solubility
and solubility product, Brönsted-Lowry concept of acid-base reactions, solvated
proton, relative strength of acids, types of acid-base reactions, levelling solvents,
Lewis acid-base concept, Classification of Lewis acids, Hard and Soft Acids and Bases
(HSAB) Application of HSAB principle. Qualitative treatment of acid - base titration
curves (calculation of pH at various stages). Theory of indicators; selection of
indicators and their limitations. Multistage equilibria in polyelectrolytes.
(1
Thanks bai❤
Semester 1 ka batao bhai please
It's already uploaded
Bsc 1st year semester 1 chemistry notes MJ 1 FYUGP 2022-26,2023-27... Vbu Bbmku for all universities: th-cam.com/play/PL-h4qru7eI6tiDY3dTbmQb-fvA4qfikYO.html