Morphology: Intro to Linguistics [video 4]
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 30 พ.ค. 2024
- In linguistics, morphology is the study of words, how they are formed, and their relationship to other words in the same language. (That is the definition from Wikipedia.)
In this video I will talk about why it is important to know a little about morphology if you are learning languages.
You need to know how your target language deals with prefixes, suffixes, and other types of affixes. Does your target language apply a bunch of affixes onto root words? Are all words single morphemes?
We will also talk about allomorphy. That is, how morphemes can alternate depending on their phonological environment.
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I learned more here than in 5 years studying in academies.
I am a Taiwanese student, and I’m learning the linguistic in college. This video saves my final exam. 😍😍😍
In Chinese there are two words for "word", one is 字 referring to the individual characters, one is 词 referring to the characters that will make sense or give a certain meaning when they are grouped together. Qi chu 起初 is the latter. It combines qi which means begin/start with chu which means first/beginning to be qi chu meaning "in the beginning".
This channel always be my answers for my Linguistic class.
Thank you so much.
Glad to hear that. Thank you! :)
@@FingtamLanguages keep do your best Bro
Although I am a native speaker of Mandarin Chinese, l don’t even understand what it means “start start”😂
And this linguistic studying channel is great!
Thanks! I got that example from a book by John McWhorter, so I can’t personally speak about the accuracy, be he is a very prominent and intelligent linguist, and I doubt he would publish something like that without double checking it. Maybe that is from one of the less common Chinese dialects?
Every Chinese character is translated word for word into English in the gloss.The whole sentance is "起初神创造天地".“start start”means“起初”. 😁
@@FingtamLanguages I guess the confusion is that the Chinese language does not really separate each word with space. So it could be hard to tell if a word is a composite of one Chinese character (字) or two. Here, the scholar takes each character as a single word while Chinese speakers may think "qichu" and "chuangzao" as two complete words.
Fascinating! I've been learning a whole lot of tips! Thousand of thanks!
the way you speak yupik really made my day. thank you.
I am so grateful for your videos. If I hadn't discovered your videos, I think I would have dropped out of my linguistics course. You make it so easy to understand. The books you mentioned at the end of video 4 would help me with my current homework assignment. Could you please provide the titles? Thank you!
Its too much helpful for me . I would love to continue with you
Thank you so much for this video. Extremely helpful
Wonderful video lesson! Thanks a lot!
Thank you for your great explanation
Just what I needed. Thanks
great job my brother..
Thank you for beautiful explanation sir Nd it was very funny at the end when u were explaining after sibilants.🤗🤗🤗
i appreciate your efforts 🥰❤️❤️❤️❤️
Thanks so much,I've learnt a lot
Thanks for sharing.. Godbless
he is so sweet, I can listen him foreverrr
Hey do you think "button" could be derived from the word "abut"?
Definition of abut:
(transitive verb) 1: to border on : to touch along an edge 2: to cause to touch or lean for support
(intransitive verb) 1: to touch along a border or with a projecting part 2 a): to terminate at a point of contact b): to lean for support
abut-on ---> a button?
Just getting into your videos, this is so fun to think about! thanks for the time you put in to make these.
Hi! I love your videos, I was wondering can you please do a video on this series about phonological rules? Something about assimilation, voice harmony, etc.
Yes please.
Thank you. I am learning a lot from you.
That's great to hear!
Hello, I'm wondering how we can tell that the Yupik example is a single word with 6 morphemes, instead of 6 words. If a language doesn't have a spelling system, is it possible to tell apart "a word with many phonemes" from "many words"?
Hi Yun-Fei Liu, thanks for the question. I'm not an expert on Yupik, so I can't speak with certainty, but I believe the reasoning is that there is only a single root word that can stand on its own in that sentence. For example, in the English sentence "He sings", we have three morphemes (He, sing, -s). He and sing are both words that can stand on their own, but -s cannot. It needs a root word to attach to, so it must be a suffix, not a stand alone word.
Similarly, in the English word, 'abso-fricken-lutely', absolutely and fricken are both stand alone english words, but in this example, fricken is clearly being used as an infix, so we have good reason to consider this as a single word rather that two stand alone words.
I'm sure the experts who have done linguistic analyses of Yupik have used similar reasonings when studying the language.
Hope that helps.
Thank you so much for this series of videos!! I’m currently in a Linguistics class and I’ve been feeling quite overwhelmed by it - the way you explain things is fantastic and has really helped me. Feeling way better about my midterm later today thanks to you 🙏
Thanks for your great videos, I really appreciate your work.
I have a question
Is the subject 'I' a single morpheme???
Please make a video on sociolinguistic competence and communicative competence
Hi, do you have a full free course about this? ( like intonation patterns). Thanks.
Hi does the environment always changes or are we supposed to remember the board??
thankyou for sharing!
Thanks for the comment! :)
Very nice sir
Youre the best thank you 😊
Thanks for the comment! 😊
I know this video is like two years old but I just found this playlist, so I'd still like to ask something.
I'm currently studying Indonesian. They have the suffix -ku, which by itself is an abbreviation of "aku" (which would translate as the informal first person singular). Basically, you add it to a noun to indicate possession (e.g.: ibu = mother; ibuku = my mother). Would that be an inflectional or a derivational morpheme? How small does the added gramatical information has to be in order to be considered inflectional? Is it limited to conjugations and number?
Thanks! :)
Hi great warm from Indonesia😀
I am always bothered when to use the /z/ and /s/ sounds whenever the letter "s" is used. So when then letter before "s" is unvoiced then we'll use the /s/ sound as in "cats," on the other hand, when the letter before "s" is voiced then we'll have the /z/ sound instead as in "dogs." Am I right? Please do correct me if I am wrong. Thank you.
You are correct.
thanks sir but that was not enough to me can you make more videos about morphology like prefixes and suffixes and affexes
Hey everyone! Cool lesson Aaron! Can you or anybody tell me the difference between a morph and a morpheme, please? Thanks a lot!
Hi. I would like to ask, is "another" is build up from morphemes : "an" + "other" ? Thank you
My Axzy Good question. I don’t know of any research on this, but I think there is good reason to believe that for a lot of people, the word would actually be made up of the morphemes “a” and “nother” simply because you can say things like “That’s a whole nother subject.” (Just don’t let your English teacher catch you saying that lol)
@@FingtamLanguages Hi, thanks for the quick reply. But "nother" is not actually a word in the dictionary, right? It is just an informal speech form of "another".
Anyway, does English have prefix "an-" ? That it will become the prefix for "other".
Google dictionary says it was “an other” up until the 16th century. Google tends to mess things up tho so be careful lol
Brooo thanks!!!!!!
"Nitakupenda" would be translated as I will love you where as I love you would be written as "Nakupenda".
❤
In an apple and a peach, is the [n] an allomorph?
In Nepali language, "I will love you" will translate to "म (I) तिमी+लाई (you+ to (preposition)) माया (love) गर्न+ने+छु (will do) |" with seven morphemes.
Hi.can you please tell me the word "handsome" has 2 morphemes or 1morpheme?and the word "reject"has 2 morphemes or 1 morpheme?plz help me with it.
Those words both have 1 morpheme.
Following your explanation, 'yo te amaré' would be divided thus; /yo/ /te/ /amar/ /é/
I don't understand your division since 'am' carries no meaning, nor does 'aré' - remember that the 'é' ending in simple future Spanish is one whole word (he - first person singular indicative of 'haber' = to have) - the modern future tense is a paraphrase of 'amar' + 'he' (the inflectional Latin amabo died out in Romance languages) so when the Spanish say "I will love", they are saying "to love I have" = "I have loving to do" (same phenomenon in French 'j'aimerai', Italian 'amarò', Portuguese 'amarei', etc)
10:13 what's with the sound?
Ĉi tio eble estas stulta demando, sed: kio estas la diferenco inter "vorto" kaj "morfemo"? Ĉu oni ne povas diri en tiu eskima lingvo, ke tiu longa vorto konsistas el multaj vortoj (anstataŭ sola vorto kun multaj morfemoj kunigitaj)?
Jorge Rafael Nogueras Ne. Jen la vorto “malbona”. Gxi estas unu vorto kun du morfemoj (“mal” kaj “bona”)
Kompreneble, estas morfemoj ke ankaux estas vortoj. Exemple, “bona” estas unu vorto kaj unu morfemo.
Sed, ekzemple, estas la vorto "nebona", sed oni povas ankaŭ skribi ĝin dise, "ne bona". Ĉu ili tamen ne signifas la saman aferon? Kio do igas la unuan ekzemplon "unu vorto" kaj la duan "du vortoj", se semantike ili estas samaj? Ĉu vere temas nur pri tiu "spaco"?
Jorge Rafael Nogueras Mi ne konas Esperanton suficxe por respondi tion demandon. Sed eble gxi estas simila al la anglaj vortoj: “incomplete” (2 morfemoj, 1 vorto) kaj “not complete” (2 morfemoj, 2 vortoj)
Nu, la diferenco estas tio, ke la prefikso "in-" en la angla ne funkcias kiel memstara vorto, dum "ne" en Esperanto funkcias kaj kiel memstara vorto kaj kiel prefikso. Tial mi scivolas, pri tiu tre longa inuita vorto, ĉu temas pri multaj mallongaj memstaraj vortoj elparolataj "rapide" (kvazaŭ ne estus spaco inter ili), aŭ ĉu ĝi vere temas pri ununura vorto, farita el nuraj afiksoj, kiuj NE estas memstaraj vortoj.
Jorge Rafael Nogueras Interesa demando. Jen tio, kion morfologoj studas! Mi ne konas esploradon sur la Esperanta morfologio, sed bona morfologo povus studi tion!
Simile, cxu “I’ma” estas unu vorto aux kvar ( I am going to)?
Mi vidis esploradon de morfologo kiu diras ke “he’ll” funckias Kiel 2 vortoj (“he” kaj “will”), sed “can’t” funckias kiel 1 vorto. Rigardu tio, kion okazas kiam oni faras demandoj el deklaroj kun tiuj vortoj...
Deklaro: “He’ll go.”
Demando: “Will he go?”
Deklaro: “He can’t go.”
Demando: “Can’t he go?”
nitakupenda-i will love you. ni=i, affirmative subject prefix. ta=will, future tense marker. ku=you, direct object pronoun. penda=love, from the verb infinitive kupenda(to love). don't confuse these two "ku's" though. kupenda by itself is the infinitive form of the verb and the ku prefix is removed before conjugating. like removing the "ar" from amar and adding tense endings in spanish. when you see nita-kupenda- in this example it doesn't mean "i will to love" though. the kupenda here is not the infinitive but rather the object pronoun ku prefixed to the verb(minus its ku prefix). this is better illustrated by the "strove" acronym in swahili grammar which indicates word order in a simple sentence. s=subject prefix, t=tense marker, r=relative infix, o=object infix, v=verb, e=endings. in the video's example only the "stov" are used. swahili is a beautifuly constructed language and fun to learn.
Hey man, shot you a question on Twitter earlier today - hope you can get back to me soon, would love to get your input!
Did he reply?
English Language student here from.philippines😂😊😊
Hello from Thailand. Welcome to my channel.
Go live
Why do you use the term African-American English as if all African Americans speak this way? Especially when you have a plethora of examples of black people who don't speak this way and a loads of example of Whites who indeed use this form of English. And which part of America uses the infixes is that connected to a people as well? It doesn't make much sense at all really.
According to wikipedia, "African-American Vernacular English (AAVE, /ˈɑːveɪ, æv/[1]), referred to also as Black Vernacular, Black English Vernacular (BEV), Black Vernacular English (BVE), occasionally as Ebonics (a colloquial, controversial term),[2] or simply as Black English (BE), is the variety of English natively spoken, particularly in urban communities, by most working- and middle-class African Americans and some Black Canadians." It doesn't imply they all speak the same, or that other races can't use features of this dialect.
@@FingtamLanguages My point is sir, not only is it outdated it is inaccurate and should not be repeated don't you agree? In my opinion this does great harm, it gives people around the world impression that blacks don't speak proper English or Standard English as you pointed out quite clearly. If you look to politics and movies and other careers you Do you hear African American English or just English? To be clear this is not against you in general as you didn't create the term but do you believe it be accurate and meaningful? I think it is as i said before outdated and coming from a time when blacks were separate but not equal. And as I stated before improper English cannot be pinned on a race. Maybe poverty or social division. Hence my statement that you will find more whites speaking this way because they make up about 60-70% of America while blacks represent only about13% all one needs to do is go to a Trump rally to find your Ebonics...
So would you agree its an outdated term? It is frustrating for me in particular because in Europe being an American English teacher most culture see it as a Step down from Rp standard British English and then I find myself at a second disadvantage. Because you say African Americans speak this way. So i must... right? Do you believe this is ok? Do believe all Indian Americans to have the accent as the character on the Simpsons? Are you one of those people who look at Asians or non whites and tell them that their English is good, if they speak well? (It's annoying by the way)Should i go on? All i'm saying is... just because people have said it in the past doesn't make it right today.
You should not generalize! Not all African Americans speak that way. You should say some Americans. (not only African Americans speak this way) and leave it like that, If you believe in accuracy In my opinion.
The link below may help you understand my point.
Please check this link: www.nytimes.com/2007/02/04/weekinreview/04clemetson.html
6:08 catgirls do that just fine though...
African Americans do not have a Language Vernacular (LINGO). We have people in our culture that do not speak articulately, just as well as in other cultures. The LINGO used amongst the African American community pegged to be African American Vernacular is a form of LINGO used by many races and cultures. I can not take from you that you are a great teacher, but I can concur that you should filter your choice of phrases and categorization. Doing so may lead to an increase of subscriptions.
I Bid You Peace...
Hi Nikki, thanks for the comment. I’m not sure what you mean by LINGO, but African American Vernacular English (AAVE) is a well established and highly studied dialect of North American English. It is not inarticulate, it’s just another variety like all the others. Hope that clears things up.
@@FingtamLanguages I know this is video is a year old. This is very helpful for my Speech Pathology studies. Your comment is 100% correct! AAVE is a dialect and a pretty cool one at that. It amazes me how people consider it improper or lowers it's degree(i.e LINGO). Every language, including English has a number of [acceptable] dialects. AAVE isn't any different.
I disagree. He's right in his description of AAVE. It isn't just LINGO. It's a dialect.