As a machinist myself I can concur that Titanium is an obsolute swine to machine! As stated the depths of cuts required because of titaniums elastic properties is just plain scary to a newcomer. And the tooling does indeed blunt incredibly quickly no matter how much coolant you drown the part in. Top marks on your research!
i've made a few rings on my lathe and decided to open up the hole with a 1/2 inch drill bit before bring the boring bar in... jesus. little squirt bottle with coolant in it to help, i've never seen the corners of a drill bit round over in such a small amount of material . Beautiful material though. The rings have had up well to every day use too. Makes a god oweful ringing sound when dropped on concrete.
More than anything else, aircraft designs are dictated by pure physics, not anyone's ideas about what stuff should look like. The faster it goes, the more you have to bow down to the laws of physics. Concorde also looks exceptionally futuristic. And it's solving basically the same problem as the SR-71 (high speed, high altitude flight), but with a focus on efficiency rather than raw speed.
Having recently retired after 40+ years in the turbine engine business, I know a bit about material science as it's actually applied. This video is head and shoulders above 99% of what's on TH-cam in terms of accuracy and depth. Very well done!
Did you ever get titanium particles on your clip-on tie? Along with vanadium, aluminum and beryllium? D B Cooper's tie that he left behind when he skyjacked a plane in 1971 has been analyzed using an electron microscope and it showed small amounts of these metals.
1:40 I just paused to take a moment and appreciate the metallurgists, scientists and engineers who probably spent a good fraction of their lifespan figuring this out. Bless them for we can now stand on their shoulders
That’s human progress for you. They spent their lives advancing our understanding, now it’s our turn to do the same. We build upon each other, and little by little, humanity grows smarter. Yet another reason I hate Ian Malcolm from Jurassic Park. ‘You stood upon the shoulders of others to get here, invalidating your work!’ Man, shut the hell your mouth.
@@jasonalbert6251 Sure, but first he compared them to a bunch of kids who'd found their father's shotgun, i.e. it wasn't that they stood on the shoulders of giants, but that they didn't stop to consider the implications or what could go wrong (like using frog DNA). They were in a hurry to make money, not increase knowledge.
Please make sure you understand the difference between scientists and engineers. Scientists extend a specific body of knowledge while engineers utilize the existing body of knowledge for the benefit of mankind. Licensed Professional Engineers have a singular duty to protect and enhance the safety and welfare of the public. If a plane crashes or building collapses the engineer is held accountable. Scientists are not held accountable for anything.
@@calidude1114 In cutting edge fields there is increasingly an overlap. An airplane company may discover a new alloy and engineer around it. Similarly a scientist must often have some engineering background to set up a good experiment. Also the engineer is only held accountable if it is his fault. If a mechanic fails to follow the engineer's specifications, it is his fault.
Air is even better that most bulletproof materials. It self seals. Even if your second shot exactly follows the path of the first shot you still have the full protection afforded by the air.
@@gildedbear5355 In racing, cars will drive close behind other cars to get better efficiencies due to less drag. If air provided the full protection each time, then this wouldn't be done.
@@Jaminhawk it takes a little bit of time to "restore". Maybe a second, depending on the speed. But that my dear is called aerodynamics, a very complicated matter.
I was an aerospace machinist for about 7 years and then an aerospace manufacturing engineer for a few more years and my favorite of all of the exotic metals is titanium. :D
@@johnokean8216 I know I'm not the perso you asked, but I'm going to add my input if you don't mind. right now that would be way too expensive since we need to bring the heavy material up into space with expensive rockets (titanium is really really heavy), but hypothetically in the future it might be worth while.
@@tylerhansen9872 Max out your depth of cut and feed as hard as you can while still maintaining finish. Use high pressure coolant. You NEED to get that chip to break. If the material starts sparking there's a very real and very serious risk of it igniting the swarf. You want a very sharp insert. Something like a .002-.008 TNR. TiAlN PVD coating. Through tool high pressure coolant. Speeds low but chipload high. Starting Values of a Sandvik CCGT 3(2.5)0UM 1105 ap: .02 (.004-.041) fn: .002 (.001-.003) vc: 245ft/min (245-245)
I remember back in the 80s, how titanium was seen as some sort of wonder material. Everything cool was made out of titanium. I think even The Terminator's endoskeleton was made out of it. Now it's all graphene & carbon nano-tubes lol
Tbh if you try to become a cyborg, a titanium skeleton is your best bet. Titanium tends to be rejected the least compared to other metals by the human body
Buying it from Russia, even through shells, has the advantage of it hiding in plain sight. If we had bought it from Australia the Russians would have wondered what was going on.
Yeah I mean, it's not coal and all that tax free money couldn't be shifted offshore, whilst having political influence over the country. Where's the fun in that?
I have a 91 year-old friend who flew the SR-71 and the U-2. They're the most difficult aircraft in the world to fly. He was the first SR-71 pilot to break 1000 hours in the SR-71, and that group is occupied by just eight pilots. He's told me some amazing stories about flying both planes. For a man who spent his career doing things the rest of us can only dream about, he is the most humble guy I've ever met.
tell an engineer a problem is impossible to solve and then give them whatever they need to solve it and not only will the problem be solved eventually, the engineer will be happy
Woooooowwww! I've always heard how hard to deal with titanium was in reference to the SR71 but didn't realize in any detail what was meant by that. What an audacious thing Johnson did to pursue building this plane with this metal. Makes this plane all the more amazing. Great video!
The USA were unable to spy on the USSR with that titanium due to the introduction of the now-famous Soviet/Russian air-defence missile systems (S-25, S-75, S-125, S-200, S-300, S-350, S-400, and the upcoming S-500).
@@bintjbeil7892 i think he stand by his point of Stainless-Steel rusting.... What rrally happening is, he is not taking enough shower and sweat ruined the frame with salts in it along with water😂
Of all of the educational youtube channels out there, this has the most material science involved. Considering how interesting and important it is to the modern world, this has to be one of my favorites. Keep it up!
@@hazza2247 What he says does make sense. lets say this is done in a perfect vacuum with no large gravity generators nearby (like a planet). Motion/speed is relative, a bullet fired from a point in space at a target has a speed relative to the point of origin (a) and the target (b). Now, given a rather short distance between (a) and (b) the speed of the bullet would be measured the same by both parties from beginning to end, with (b) eventually being struck by the bullet. As we increase the distance between (a) and (b), a different force comes into play called 'Dark energy' this is the phenomenon that causes space to expand, the more space there is between 2 objects, the more dark energy expands that space. Therefore, given enough space between the bullet and (b), the speed of the bullet as measured by (b) will decrease until it reads 0 m/s and begins getting farther away until it appears as if the bullet has begun accelerating in the opposite direction. Similarly, the speed of the bullet as measured by (a) will increase. As it approaches the speed of light it will begin to "redshift" and as space can expand faster than light, neither (a) nor (b) will eventually be able to measure the bullet at all. Space has effectively 'stopped' the bullet.
@@hellfun1337 u seem to have a much better grasp on this sort of topic than me! I don’t fully understand all of what you said but I have learnt a bit and I think your points are genuine and true, thanks for the input! I always appreciate comments such as yours
Really brilliant. I remember reading Ben Rich's book (Skunkworks) about some of the trials and tribulations they encountered engineering and building the SR-71. He mentions the CAD-plated tools issue, which I thought must have been a nightmare to track down and identify at the time, but I had not heard about the seasonal effect on welds cooled by higher chlorine-content water in the summers. I can't imagine how hard that was to track down. Originally, they didn't track the lot numbers of each part, but they soon learned that because titanium quality could vary quiet a bit from their Soviet sources, they had to stamp and track every single part's lot number for traceability, long before the days of MS Excel. The management of the project awes me to this day.
Hey I have to say I really like all the editing improvements you've been making, like what you did with the text at 5:19. Of course, the engineering explanation is on point as always too! Keep it up dude!
i would like to been a fly on the wall in the kremlin when they had the meeting to talk about the new SR71 and what it was made of and where the metal for it came from
Comrade What? where is the titanium? its right there, i shipped it to usa to make consumer goods. You were supposed to cut them off the titanium supply dude im gonna oh really yes so go get the titanium back *sr 71 gets created* i see the problem oh do ya?!
@@calvinnickel9995 It was spying on the USSR; it didn't need to fly over it, it had side-looking cameras and radars. It also was useful in securing US interests in various parts of the world, interests that may contradict the interests of the USSR.
@@calvinnickel9995 I'm pretty sure they did do overflights of the USSR. They were so fast that standard evasive maneuvers when a SAM was fired was just to accelerate and outrun it. The Soviets eventually came up with the MIG FoxBat that in theory could catch an SR-71, but they had to burn up their engines to do it. After reaching the intercept speed *once* it needed totally new engines.
After seeing this, I would love to see a video on the materials used in submarines to withstand both the corrosion from salt water as well as the crushing depths of the ocean (plus maybe some info on how it keep subs stealthy?). Or maybe a video on propeller design for stealth? Thanks for the great content!
The pressure is more about shape than material and submarines actually don't go all that deep. Most US submarines can't go much below 500 meters which is not much considering the average debt of the ocean is 3.2 kilometers. The thickness is more so decided by buoyancy and the ability to withstand collisions with objects like whales or boats.
re: "After seeing this, I would love to see a video on the materials used in submarines to withstand both the corrosion from salt water as well as the crushing depths of the ocean" well that materiel was/is TITANIUM. 13:28
Great video as always! The SR-71 is one of my favorite airplanes ever. Also, minor error in visuals at 5:01: CO2 has a linear structure (instead of looking like water)!
All the work that went into just making the exterior reads like a Rolls Royce advert. 100,000 hours and $25,000,000,000 went into finely crafting the sleek exterior paneling.
I wrote a research paper on titanium for a materials class, and it was so cool recognizing everything you talked about. Your videos make my engineering classes super rewarding, and make me feel that I am actually learning useful stuff. Keep up the good work!
It's strange though, because it allowed the USSR to profit off American trade in violation of the sanctions we set up, and we could have just as easily bought the titanium from Australia, an ally. I guess Russian titanium was just cheaper, and clearly cost _does_ matter.
@@pyeitme508 That's surprising, since scifi tends to come up with fictional super-materials. Star Trek ships are often largely constructed from Tritanium. (though Duranium is also a common material.) Which is funny in itself, because it's a made up material but is clearly trying to ride on the reputation of Titanium...
I collect rocks. I often carry a small tiny hammer and use it in conjunction with a titanium chisel. The chisel I made myself. It's a high strength titanium alloy (can't remember what now!) and made from 1 cm round bar. It has a basic wedge ground into one end. That wedge took me around 3 or 4 hours to do using a 4 1/2 " angle grinder. It made mountainous amounts of pure white sparks but barely wore away. I used some loose house bricks to keep the sparks from escaping and igniting something - they melted the surface of the bricks! The chisel is light and easily carried. So far I've not needed to re-sharpen the wedge on it - it's barely scratched. Personally I'm not going to make another because it's so much hassle! I also have some 1 mm titanium sheet. I bought it to make jewellery clips (they clamp work when making jewellery). I no longer make jewellery and I'm tempted to try having a go at making a knife with it..
This is fascinating, makes me respect a titanium flashlight I own even more. Seeing what's involved in machining the stuff, I'm actually surprised it didn't cost even more than it did...
I'd love to see a video on N95 masks, a lot of really interesting and creative solutions go into their design, plus I see so much misinformation surrounding them.
N95 and N100 is only a silicosis/lung cancer rating... 0.300 microns is the "must not pass" because below that our lungs will almost always clear the material
*_SR-71's Titanium, piloted by a 500-year old Romanian Vampire, and nosediving at Mach 3.5 to a British Aircraft Carrier captured by Vampire Nazis is the coolest thing I've ever watched during this quarantine._*
Your transitions to promotional material is freakin' seamless! You do it in such a way that i think it's still part of the video and that you've gone off on a semi-relevant tangent. But it takes me a good 2 minutes to realise what has happened. Top marks for marketing, well done sir!
I'll be honest I thought that was Padme's ship in the thumbnail for a sec. Edit: Apparently Padme's ship was inspired by the SR 71 and chrome hood ornaments on fancy cars.
I have a large titanium screw in my pelvis. One day, the screw could be found, in perfect condition, at the bottom of my grave. My bones and clothes will turn to dust, but the screw will carry on. It saved me in surgery, and it will outlive me after my death, by decades and decades.
As an SR-71 Metals Technologist and retired Section Chief of the 9th Reconnaissance Squadron Machine Shop I can agree with the facts of this excellent video. I still create rings from mission flown titanium parts of the SR-71's. Goggle it.
I've completely underestimated how good and informative this would be. Nice editing and visuals making it probably the best education on titanium out there. Kudos!
Very nice detail. My dad used to work for Rockwell in Anaheim CA in the 80's, he ran a triple head stylus [non CNC] where three parts were cut at the same time by running a stylus ball around a template part. They were Titanium aircraft parts and he said that 1 raw block of material was around $500 each and if he screwed up he would scrap 3 parts at the same time. He was an old time veteran from the 60's so the good news is he didn't scrap parts which probably helped him to keep his job. :-)
Holy CRAP this was interesting! This video inspires a whole new level of respect for not only Titanium and the SR-71, but also for engineering development and practices! Even the smallest details like keeping track of material and heat losses led to entirely new developments in tooling and material design. This should be necessary viewing for all entering the engineering, machining or manufacturing fields.
Aluminum was once just as rare and expensive as Titanium before the bayer process was discovered, it's inevitable that we eventually find the titanium equivalent.
Pure aluminum was worth more than gold when a 10 kilogram topper was placed atop the Washington monument. About 5 years later, iirc, it was dirt cheap.
I think we already have it, it's called the Cambridge FFC Process. See www.asminternational.org/documents/10192/1884362/amp16202p051.pdf/c40e8850-2fc7-456b-a0ec-b4b6e650e9bd & link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11837-017-2664-4. Very exciting stuff for titanium and other interesting metals like chromium and tantalum.
Galvanic corrosion has been a fun discovery, not only did the name surprise me but when I saw what is it made me think about it after blowing my mind. Really interesting and great video as always, keep up the good job and stay healthy.
@Tessa Rossa The original joke was about contrast, not about hate. Comparing the high tech material developed and used for the most advanced aircraft in history to withstand extreme circumstances, to be used on a credit card that has absolutely no use for the durability and its properties. Your mind going directly to defending US is quite a left turn from the joke.
I knew that titanium is extremely hard to produce as I read it from a random periodic table's description, but I never knew why until I watched this. Thanks for such an explanation, it's really fascinating.
8:05 That is some next-level problem solving. Isolating the problem down to the water treatment plant... Incredible! Much respect to the person behind that revelation.
Random fact: When hornets attack a hive to carry off bees to eat, a group of worker bees quickly surround the intruder. The bees vibrate their wing muscles to generate temperatures of about 46oC for more than 30 minutes, enough to kill the hornets.
mbotnd i wonder if humans could possibly do something like that, the issue is the death is squally from suffocation and not cooking alive so some demented brainstormers will likely come up with a way to do such.
Well I knew that Ti was notoriously difficult to work with - but you have opened my eyes to an astronomical level. Kelly Johnson knew exactly what was needed to achieve the desired result, and it was up to his team to make it happen. Thanks so much for all of your research and efforts.
It is remarkable as to the lengths the US went in materials science and engineering to finally build the SR-71. Truly stunning technology and very well documented here. Must have been a lot of work to create this video.
I was in the US Air Force in the late 1980s and worked in aircraft maintenance. I worked in a jet engine shop. The engines had quarter-inch titanium alloy nuts on them that cost about $5.50 each. I thought that was a ridiculous price for tiny nuts. I did some research and found the same exact product available at a lower price from a vendor who was already approved by the Department of Defense. I submitted the information through the Air Force suggestion program (or whatever it was called). The change of vendors was approved and I got paid a percentage of the amount expected to be saved during the first year. I was given a check for about $12,500, which was more than one year’s pay based on what I was getting paid at the time. Nice bonus.
Advancements in engineering are my favorite things to daydream about. Like how all of humanity thought flying faster than the speed of sound was just impossible. Breaking the sound barrier for the first time must have been insane. It gets me really excited to think that in much the same way, humanity might one day travel faster than the speed of light.
Somewhat. The A-12 Oxcart was pretty similar to it. One of the ways you can distinguish it from the SR-71 is the tail cone. If it ends with the wings, it's the A-12. If it extends beyond a little more, it's the SR-71.
Imagine the world ending and being one of the survivors... and then going... "Yeah Titanium... you get argon and magnesium, and chlorine, and fire, and wait keep the air out, and transfer it, and, actually I'll cook the rats for dinner instead of teaching science..."
Thanks for the well done video. What I liked most about this video is that it wasn't degraded by having to look at someone's face presenting this video.
As a machinist myself I can concur that Titanium is an obsolute swine to machine! As stated the depths of cuts required because of titaniums elastic properties is just plain scary to a newcomer. And the tooling does indeed blunt incredibly quickly no matter how much coolant you drown the part in. Top marks on your research!
and then there is the heat treatment.
Yep sure is a pig to machine.The fine bits of swarf,(cuttings) burn really brightly.
i've made a few rings on my lathe and decided to open up the hole with a 1/2 inch drill bit before bring the boring bar in... jesus. little squirt bottle with coolant in it to help, i've never seen the corners of a drill bit round over in such a small amount of material . Beautiful material though. The rings have had up well to every day use too. Makes a god oweful ringing sound when dropped on concrete.
The airframe of the Blackbird after cooling down from each flight was actually retempered and as such never degraded in strength.
You mean it's just "plane" scary to machine? 😉
The SR71 was developed through the sixties , it’s 50 odd years old and still looks futuristic., amazing .
More than anything else, aircraft designs are dictated by pure physics, not anyone's ideas about what stuff should look like.
The faster it goes, the more you have to bow down to the laws of physics.
Concorde also looks exceptionally futuristic.
And it's solving basically the same problem as the SR-71 (high speed, high altitude flight), but with a focus on efficiency rather than raw speed.
@@KuraIthys the most beautiful designs are often shaped by nature itself :)
@@SangheiliSpecOp very true
I, d marry it
See my comment above, I saw it in person, it is huge and awe-inspiring.
Having recently retired after 40+ years in the turbine engine business, I know a bit about material science as it's actually applied. This video is head and shoulders above 99% of what's on TH-cam in terms of accuracy and depth. Very well done!
Did you ever get titanium particles on your clip-on tie? Along with vanadium, aluminum and beryllium? D B Cooper's tie that he left behind when he skyjacked a plane in 1971 has been analyzed using an electron microscope and it showed small amounts of these metals.
1:40 I just paused to take a moment and appreciate the metallurgists, scientists and engineers who probably spent a good fraction of their lifespan figuring this out. Bless them for we can now stand on their shoulders
That’s human progress for you. They spent their lives advancing our understanding, now it’s our turn to do the same. We build upon each other, and little by little, humanity grows smarter.
Yet another reason I hate Ian Malcolm from Jurassic Park. ‘You stood upon the shoulders of others to get here, invalidating your work!’ Man, shut the hell your mouth.
Jason Albert Another adaptation of the same common metaphor: “If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants” -Isaac Newton
@@jasonalbert6251 Sure, but first he compared them to a bunch of kids who'd found their father's shotgun, i.e. it wasn't that they stood on the shoulders of giants, but that they didn't stop to consider the implications or what could go wrong (like using frog DNA). They were in a hurry to make money, not increase knowledge.
Please make sure you understand the difference between scientists and engineers. Scientists extend a specific body of knowledge while engineers utilize the existing body of knowledge for the benefit of mankind. Licensed Professional Engineers have a singular duty to protect and enhance the safety and welfare of the public. If a plane crashes or building collapses the engineer is held accountable. Scientists are not held accountable for anything.
@@calidude1114 In cutting edge fields there is increasingly an overlap. An airplane company may discover a new alloy and engineer around it. Similarly a scientist must often have some engineering background to set up a good experiment.
Also the engineer is only held accountable if it is his fault. If a mechanic fails to follow the engineer's specifications, it is his fault.
I feel such joy whenever someone starts talking about how cool materials engineering is, it makes me feel very happy about the profession I picked.
Rather wicked, innit?
I was a machinist for fifty years. You didn't have to work with it. You do know those machines can kill you?
Imagine being one of the few humans in history to pilot the SR-71!
This is why you go to college or trade school, not for gender studies or pc classes.
@@rickycollins4633 When I went to school there was shop, home ed, art and music.
Just like titanium, the air is bulletproof with the right thickness.
Air is even better that most bulletproof materials. It self seals. Even if your second shot exactly follows the path of the first shot you still have the full protection afforded by the air.
Yeah ass thicc thickness
@@gildedbear5355 In racing, cars will drive close behind other cars to get better efficiencies due to less drag. If air provided the full protection each time, then this wouldn't be done.
@@Jaminhawk it takes a little bit of time to "restore". Maybe a second, depending on the speed. But that my dear is called aerodynamics, a very complicated matter.
Well yes, but actually... yes
I was an aerospace machinist for about 7 years and then an aerospace manufacturing engineer for a few more years and my favorite of all of the exotic metals is titanium. :D
I love titanium for its properties but I really hate machining it
Any recommendation on cutters and speeds and feeds?
What do you think about refining TiO2 in space?
@@johnokean8216 I know I'm not the perso you asked, but I'm going to add my input if you don't mind. right now that would be way too expensive since we need to bring the heavy material up into space with expensive rockets (titanium is really really heavy), but hypothetically in the future it might be worth while.
@@tylerhansen9872 Max out your depth of cut and feed as hard as you can while still maintaining finish. Use high pressure coolant. You NEED to get that chip to break. If the material starts sparking there's a very real and very serious risk of it igniting the swarf.
You want a very sharp insert. Something like a .002-.008 TNR. TiAlN PVD coating. Through tool high pressure coolant. Speeds low but chipload high.
Starting Values of a Sandvik CCGT 3(2.5)0UM 1105
ap: .02 (.004-.041)
fn: .002 (.001-.003)
vc: 245ft/min (245-245)
I remember back in the 80s, how titanium was seen as some sort of wonder material. Everything cool was made out of titanium. I think even The Terminator's endoskeleton was made out of it.
Now it's all graphene & carbon nano-tubes lol
Carbon's way cheaper and (with the right marketing) way sexier. For aerodynamic shapes, carbon's better.
Tbh if you try to become a cyborg, a titanium skeleton is your best bet. Titanium tends to be rejected the least compared to other metals by the human body
But brittle, unable to endure Heat or even UV to the dame extent, etc.
Titanium is nice, but it's really just a cool name, not much special. Other, cooler metals exist. Osmium, for example, is blue.
Soon....METAMATERIALS.
"They could have just bought it from Australia."
Yeah, but where's the fun in that?
Buying it from Russia, even through shells, has the advantage of it hiding in plain sight. If we had bought it from Australia the Russians would have wondered what was going on.
If you guys know this and putting it on youtube...means russian intelligence also knows all this and more...
@@sumitkrips2018 these are all declassified documents it isn't really a big information leak
Yeah I mean, it's not coal and all that tax free money couldn't be shifted offshore, whilst having political influence over the country. Where's the fun in that?
@@sumitkrips2018 this video auto-kicks all Russian kgb personal
I have a 91 year-old friend who flew the SR-71 and the U-2. They're the most difficult aircraft in the world to fly. He was the first SR-71 pilot to break 1000 hours in the SR-71, and that group is occupied by just eight pilots. He's told me some amazing stories about flying both planes.
For a man who spent his career doing things the rest of us can only dream about, he is the most humble guy I've ever met.
The persistence of these engineers is amazing. Coming up with solutions to the most daunting problems.
That's the fun in engineering... the rest is cold hard maths.
By 'persistence' I assume you mean budget! :-)
they're kind of also the ones who came up with the problems in the first place lol
tell an engineer a problem is impossible to solve and then give them whatever they need to solve it and not only will the problem be solved eventually, the engineer will be happy
Al: are you ready to battle Ti?
TiO2: This isn't even my final form!!!
Fr
Not bad
Woooooowwww! I've always heard how hard to deal with titanium was in reference to the SR71 but didn't realize in any detail what was meant by that. What an audacious thing Johnson did to pursue building this plane with this metal. Makes this plane all the more amazing. Great video!
The sr-71 engineers:
“I used the soviet to spy on the soviet”
We also used a Russian equation to design the F117 ...😆
@@toddie4usa1 Until we found out its flawed and decided to add curves.
The USA were unable to spy on the USSR with that titanium due to the introduction of the now-famous Soviet/Russian air-defence missile systems (S-25, S-75, S-125, S-200, S-300, S-350, S-400, and the upcoming S-500).
@@myusername3689 It was not flawed; the slight curves were added for aerodynamics/better speed/thermal control.
Don’t worry the Chinese are doing the same with the Americans as we speak.
The frame of my glasses are made of titanium. It doesn't "rust" from my sweat, like my previous stainless steel frames. I am so glad I got it.
if your previous glass was rusting, they were not made of real stainless steel. stainless steel is an alloy made exactly to not rust
@@jackiworld it's called stainless, not stainfree
@@bintjbeil7892 i think he stand by his point of Stainless-Steel rusting....
What rrally happening is, he is not taking enough shower and sweat ruined the frame with salts in it along with water😂
I also like titanium frames because they “feel” less “cold” because of their lower thermal conductivity.
@@jackiworld Not all stainless steels are stainless in salt water - which sweat is.
Why is titanium afraid of iron and argon
?
Because there is nothing to fear but FE-AR itself.
Lol
Okay stop it's funny but stop
Au thats cute
Boo this man
This is quite the joke.
Of all of the educational youtube channels out there, this has the most material science involved. Considering how interesting and important it is to the modern world, this has to be one of my favorites. Keep it up!
Titanium, the metal that made the SR-71 possible.
And the metal that forms the two twigs that hold up my overpriced bicycle saddle.
and the metal that holds my broken cheek bones in place
Also the screws holding my right tibia together, and the beautiful, gold, blue and purple metal on my motorcycle’s race exhaust.
Yall get beeped at airport scanner.
Cyborg gang
@Tessa Rossa And my axe!
1:00 I mean, with the right thickness, literally everything is bulletproof...
not quite. no amount of outrage is going to slow a bullet. then of course there is dark matter... and faith.
@Александр Лазарев in a *complete* vacuum it would never slow down surely, red shift only occurs to things moving *really* fast away from you
@@judgeomega and thoughts and prayers.
@@hazza2247 What he says does make sense. lets say this is done in a perfect vacuum with no large gravity generators nearby (like a planet).
Motion/speed is relative, a bullet fired from a point in space at a target has a speed relative to the point of origin (a) and the target (b).
Now, given a rather short distance between (a) and (b) the speed of the bullet would be measured the same by both parties from beginning to end, with (b) eventually being struck
by the bullet.
As we increase the distance between (a) and (b), a different force comes into play called 'Dark energy' this is the phenomenon that causes space to expand, the more space there is between 2 objects, the more dark energy expands that space.
Therefore, given enough space between the bullet and (b), the speed of the bullet as measured by (b) will decrease until it reads 0 m/s and begins getting farther away until it appears as if the bullet has begun accelerating in the opposite direction.
Similarly, the speed of the bullet as measured by (a) will increase. As it approaches the speed of light it will begin to "redshift" and as space can expand faster than light, neither (a) nor (b) will eventually be able to measure the bullet at all.
Space has effectively 'stopped' the bullet.
@@hellfun1337 u seem to have a much better grasp on this sort of topic than me! I don’t fully understand all of what you said but I have learnt a bit and I think your points are genuine and true, thanks for the input! I always appreciate comments such as yours
I love how there's concrete on the "aerospace material strength/density chart". I KNEW it! Concrete glider existence evidence right here.
The Civil Engineers are infiltrating Aerospace Engineering
On the positive, the glide path is very predictable.
@@STARDRIVE yeah because it goes straight down lmao
@@mykl1673 you ruined his joke by explaining it
i don"t know about glider, but concret boat exist and they are rather good
13:54 you wrote "valadium" instead of "vanadium", great video once again
I'm literally shaking. How could be make this mistake. Unsubscribed.
@@yonatanbeer3475 🤣
@@yonatanbeer3475 change.org/cancel_real_engineering_over_vanadium_discrimination
Now now.There's lo leed to be a lobhead! ;-)
Vodkadium was most suitable
America: i used the Soviet Union to spy on the Soviet Union
Stonks
Also America: We eliminated the Soviet's rivals now we have to be their rival
Didnt russia do something similar with "The thing" ?
Russia: Wait that's illegal!
The aircraft is literally made of russia
Well. And you can get the most beautiful colours anodising titanium
Actually you can do that with any metal and end up with a different prettier color it’s not unique to titanium
But you can’t polish it.
@@D-B-Cooper i know some watch brands that are polishing titanium. but on far smaller surfaces than they would do on stainless steel.
Yeah and it’s just plain fun to do
@@marlinbegalke6427 With titanium it is particularly easy though. And you have a really wide color spectrum
Titanium s great it is holding my injured spine together, that I can walk again.
Really brilliant. I remember reading Ben Rich's book (Skunkworks) about some of the trials and tribulations they encountered engineering and building the SR-71. He mentions the CAD-plated tools issue, which I thought must have been a nightmare to track down and identify at the time, but I had not heard about the seasonal effect on welds cooled by higher chlorine-content water in the summers. I can't imagine how hard that was to track down. Originally, they didn't track the lot numbers of each part, but they soon learned that because titanium quality could vary quiet a bit from their Soviet sources, they had to stamp and track every single part's lot number for traceability, long before the days of MS Excel. The management of the project awes me to this day.
Hey I have to say I really like all the editing improvements you've been making, like what you did with the text at 5:19.
Of course, the engineering explanation is on point as always too! Keep it up dude!
lol kibitz didn’t expect u here
oh hi there kibz
Hello there...
Just woke up. New video about the SR-71. That’s a good way to wake up.
Im about to go to bed
Sleeping at 18.00 a day wooow u
Same lol
Me to
Orhan Ayyıldız for me it’s 12:20 rn
i would like to been a fly on the wall in the kremlin when they had the meeting to talk about the new SR71 and what it was made of and where the metal for it came from
Comrade
What?
where is the titanium?
its right there, i shipped it to usa to make consumer goods.
You were supposed to cut them off the titanium supply
dude im gonna
oh really
yes
so go get the titanium back
*sr 71 gets created*
i see the problem
oh do ya?!
Why?
The SR-71 never flew over the USSR.
And even if it did.. there were Soviet moles in the CIA telling them what they were seeing on the images.
@@calvinnickel9995 It was spying on the USSR; it didn't need to fly over it, it had side-looking cameras and radars. It also was useful in securing US interests in various parts of the world, interests that may contradict the interests of the USSR.
That's the story the US gave...
@@calvinnickel9995 I'm pretty sure they did do overflights of the USSR. They were so fast that standard evasive maneuvers when a SAM was fired was just to accelerate and outrun it. The Soviets eventually came up with the MIG FoxBat that in theory could catch an SR-71, but they had to burn up their engines to do it. After reaching the intercept speed *once* it needed totally new engines.
After seeing this, I would love to see a video on the materials used in submarines to withstand both the corrosion from salt water as well as the crushing depths of the ocean (plus maybe some info on how it keep subs stealthy?). Or maybe a video on propeller design for stealth? Thanks for the great content!
Sorry, that video on subs depth abilities are going to be top secret. I’ve got some suspicions on the alloy being used, though.
The pressure is more about shape than material and submarines actually don't go all that deep. Most US submarines can't go much below 500 meters which is not much considering the average debt of the ocean is 3.2 kilometers. The thickness is more so decided by buoyancy and the ability to withstand collisions with objects like whales or boats.
re: "After seeing this, I would love to see a video on the materials used in submarines to withstand both the corrosion from salt water as well as the crushing depths of the ocean" well that materiel was/is TITANIUM. 13:28
Imagine being one of the few humans in history to pilot the SR-71!
Like Neil Armstrong
@@bennylofgren3208 what he means is that neil armstrong is one of the few people to do things no other has done before
@@kevineckelkamp he never flew the blackbird.
Fun fact about the SR-71:
boi is he fast, he fast af
Great video as always! The SR-71 is one of my favorite airplanes ever.
Also, minor error in visuals at 5:01: CO2 has a linear structure (instead of looking like water)!
I was about to say that
As someone who works with titanium almost every day I can confirm what you say. Thank you for the informative video. 👍🏻
All the work that went into just making the exterior reads like a Rolls Royce advert. 100,000 hours and $25,000,000,000 went into finely crafting the sleek exterior paneling.
I wrote a research paper on titanium for a materials class, and it was so cool recognizing everything you talked about. Your videos make my engineering classes super rewarding, and make me feel that I am actually learning useful stuff. Keep up the good work!
I love how we set up shell companies to buy Titanium from the county we spied on.
One side needed the money, the other needed the product. Quid pro quo.
even better, they were set up to buy sand!
Hush!
It's strange though, because it allowed the USSR to profit off American trade in violation of the sanctions we set up, and we could have just as easily bought the titanium from Australia, an ally. I guess Russian titanium was just cheaper, and clearly cost _does_ matter.
Hey, Stacy Peters copied your comment and posted it. Go do something about it
This barely reaches the level of hardship my parents went through to go to school.
Wait isnt that the Queens Royal Ship from Star Wars
Kind of, also in Star Wars Titanium is superior to the fictional Durasteel.
@@pyeitme508 That's surprising, since scifi tends to come up with fictional super-materials.
Star Trek ships are often largely constructed from Tritanium. (though Duranium is also a common material.)
Which is funny in itself, because it's a made up material but is clearly trying to ride on the reputation of Titanium...
The artist who came up with the royal ship explicitly said he used the SR-71 as its base concept.
Me too
Firstly because it's not space-worthy.
I collect rocks. I often carry a small tiny hammer and use it in conjunction with a titanium chisel. The chisel I made myself. It's a high strength titanium alloy (can't remember what now!) and made from 1 cm round bar. It has a basic wedge ground into one end. That wedge took me around 3 or 4 hours to do using a 4 1/2 " angle grinder. It made mountainous amounts of pure white sparks but barely wore away. I used some loose house bricks to keep the sparks from escaping and igniting something - they melted the surface of the bricks!
The chisel is light and easily carried. So far I've not needed to re-sharpen the wedge on it - it's barely scratched. Personally I'm not going to make another because it's so much hassle!
I also have some 1 mm titanium sheet. I bought it to make jewellery clips (they clamp work when making jewellery). I no longer make jewellery and I'm tempted to try having a go at making a knife with it..
This is fascinating, makes me respect a titanium flashlight I own even more. Seeing what's involved in machining the stuff, I'm actually surprised it didn't cost even more than it did...
I'd love to see a video on N95 masks, a lot of really interesting and creative solutions go into their design, plus I see so much misinformation surrounding them.
Minute Physics just did a great video on it
@@RealEngineering I'll have to check it out, cheers
N95 and N100 is only a silicosis/lung cancer rating... 0.300 microns is the "must not pass" because below that our lungs will almost always clear the material
*_SR-71's Titanium, piloted by a 500-year old Romanian Vampire, and nosediving at Mach 3.5 to a British Aircraft Carrier captured by Vampire Nazis is the coolest thing I've ever watched during this quarantine._*
"so nice ship you got"
Nice Hellsing reference!
where did ui watch that?
@@yormumahoe6469 Hellsing Ultimate Abridged on Team4Star's channel
@@avroarchitect1793 uhh
I've been sober from drugs for months and I can say that, nebula was the best impulse purchase I've ever made
Good lad
SR-71: From Russia with Love
Made for Russia
Of Russia
Your transitions to promotional material is freakin' seamless! You do it in such a way that i think it's still part of the video and that you've gone off on a semi-relevant tangent. But it takes me a good 2 minutes to realise what has happened. Top marks for marketing, well done sir!
I'll be honest I thought that was Padme's ship in the thumbnail for a sec.
Edit: Apparently Padme's ship was inspired by the SR 71 and chrome hood ornaments on fancy cars.
Teacher: What is your body made of?
X Æ A-12:
I AM TITANIUM
Water, 35 liters. Carbon, 20 kilograms. Ammonia, 4 liters. Lime, 1.5 kilograms. Phosphorous, 800 grams. Salt, 250 grams. Saltpeter, 100 grams. Sulfur, 80 grams. Fluorine, 7.5, iron, 5, silicon, 3 grams, and trace amounts of 15 other elements…
pronounced "ASH"
@@JohnVu10 That is the material makeup of a single average adult human body, if you were to calculate it.
I've 4 titanium plates in my cheek and jaw bones wonderful metal!
The boiling point of titanium is far higher than steel!
How and why do you have titanium plates in your cheek and jaw bones?
@@thestudentofficial5483 He broke his bones and got it fixed.
I have a large titanium screw in my pelvis. One day, the screw could be found, in perfect condition, at the bottom of my grave. My bones and clothes will turn to dust, but the screw will carry on. It saved me in surgery, and it will outlive me after my death, by decades and decades.
Are you the terminator? How's the future?
You are a cyborg. Congratulations
As an SR-71 Metals Technologist and retired Section Chief of the 9th Reconnaissance Squadron Machine Shop I can agree with the facts of this excellent video. I still create rings from mission flown titanium parts of the SR-71's.
Goggle it.
I've completely underestimated how good and informative this would be. Nice editing and visuals making it probably the best education on titanium out there. Kudos!
I LOVE titanium! Especially when it is insanely pure titanium processed from TiCl₄ using a plasma quench reactor. Great video!
Material engineering and "exciting" in the same presentation? Impossible.
Yeah right. Doing material science research is like cooking where you just mix any ingredients then hope that the output is good. :D
Titanium then: SR-71
Titanium now: Apple card
Very nice detail. My dad used to work for Rockwell in Anaheim CA in the 80's, he ran a triple head stylus [non CNC] where three parts were cut at the same time by running a stylus ball around a template part. They were Titanium aircraft parts and he said that 1 raw block of material was around $500 each and if he screwed up he would scrap 3 parts at the same time. He was an old time veteran from the 60's so the good news is he didn't scrap parts which probably helped him to keep his job. :-)
Holy CRAP this was interesting! This video inspires a whole new level of respect for not only Titanium and the SR-71, but also for engineering development and practices! Even the smallest details like keeping track of material and heat losses led to entirely new developments in tooling and material design. This should be necessary viewing for all entering the engineering, machining or manufacturing fields.
Aluminum was once just as rare and expensive as Titanium before the bayer process was discovered, it's inevitable that we eventually find the titanium equivalent.
Pure aluminum was worth more than gold when a 10 kilogram topper was placed atop the Washington monument. About 5 years later, iirc, it was dirt cheap.
@stockart whiteman Is it inevitable? I ask myself that every day. Will humanity sustain this growth, or plateau.
@@OCinneide as long as it doesn't catastrofically crash...
All I want are nuclear forges: forget about being unable to reach high enough temperatures >:(
I think we already have it, it's called the Cambridge FFC Process. See www.asminternational.org/documents/10192/1884362/amp16202p051.pdf/c40e8850-2fc7-456b-a0ec-b4b6e650e9bd & link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11837-017-2664-4. Very exciting stuff for titanium and other interesting metals like chromium and tantalum.
I owned a couple Titanium bicycles. They made me as fast as the SR-71...
while it was being towed across the tarmac, right?
Those must have been some hella expensive bicycles
my titanium wheelchair had me soaking up all the poon in the old folks home
@@martijn9568 you can get a Ti frame for ~$650-$700 USD. Expensive but rides very nicely, and if the welds don't suck they last forever. IF.
@@mbrunnme my father's Ti frame cracked. But he rode the distance of the earth's circumference before it cracked.
Yay, material science!
Galvanic corrosion has been a fun discovery, not only did the name surprise me but when I saw what is it made me think about it after blowing my mind. Really interesting and great video as always, keep up the good job and stay healthy.
8:39 the guy in the glasses looks like he’s frightened by the material he’s handling.
Money: The Real Thing That Made The SR-71 Possible
U could say that for anything tbh, even humans
That's humans though
And there is Apple: Let make a credit card
To be honest, It is Insulting
@Tessa Rossa Please go see a psychologist.
@Tessa Rossa lmao what? so if you don't like an American company you automatically dislike the US as a whole? ok.
@Tessa Rossa The original joke was about contrast, not about hate. Comparing the high tech material developed and used for the most advanced aircraft in history to withstand extreme circumstances, to be used on a credit card that has absolutely no use for the durability and its properties. Your mind going directly to defending US is quite a left turn from the joke.
@Tessa Rossa Who is Boris?
I knew that titanium is extremely hard to produce as I read it from a random periodic table's description, but I never knew why until I watched this. Thanks for such an explanation, it's really fascinating.
8:05 That is some next-level problem solving. Isolating the problem down to the water treatment plant... Incredible! Much respect to the person behind that revelation.
Problem: Strong metal
Solution: moneys, lots of moneys.
... money*
I hope those engineer got paid rally good for the development of the SR-71 with how hard they had to work
Im pretty sure, just like the manhattan project, they were hailed as heros and received lots of cash for their works that helped america
Engineers used to get well paying jobs back then.
Live The Future they still do. Source: Am aeronautical engineer. I do OK.
Random fact:
When hornets attack a hive to carry off bees to eat, a group of worker bees quickly surround the intruder. The bees vibrate their wing muscles to generate temperatures of about 46oC for more than 30 minutes, enough to kill the hornets.
I saw that video on my recommended toi
100% BS
@@Francois_Dupont nope. Only true facts here.
@@Francois_Dupont it was in a National Geographic magazine recently. It's legit
mbotnd i wonder if humans could possibly do something like that, the issue is the death is squally from suffocation and not cooking alive so some demented brainstormers will likely come up with a way to do such.
As I’m going into my second year of mechanical engineering, your explanation of materials is awesome! Keep up the great work!
I am from India and here we study Krolls Process in Class 12th.
I had studied it during my JEE Preparation in Metallurgy Chapter.
This is more understanding than 3 hours of chemistry class nothing but words
4:32 Australia is also the location for Bauxite ore which is the source for Aluminum.
WA gang
Jamaica
My father helped design the camera for the SR-71. They had a reunion a while back in Oregon for all the people who worked on it.
Well I knew that Ti was notoriously difficult to work with - but you have opened my eyes to an astronomical level. Kelly Johnson knew exactly what was needed to achieve the desired result, and it was up to his team to make it happen. Thanks so much for all of your research and efforts.
I’ve seen three of the sr-71 variants in person. They are beautiful machines.
just seeing the title: "nice, that is a cool topic".
This was really interesting, in depth yet easy to understand
One of the smoothest Segway slides into the Nebula plug 👌
@@mercian9425 autocorrect. Brrrrrr
It is remarkable as to the lengths the US went in materials science and engineering to finally build the SR-71. Truly stunning technology and very well documented here. Must have been a lot of work to create this video.
2:19 Laughs in SpaceX's Starship
When the most futuristic thing on this earth was made 50 years in the past
that's public
we have insane things now that make titanium look like play dough
50 years on and still chairman of the board🙏
What about the F-117 or the F-35 or B-2 or F-22. Stealth planes in general are super futuristic looking.
@@fexilsehn6445 That's still a miniscule amount compared to modern stealth aircraft.
@@martijn9568 The SR-71 was so fast it didn't need to be stealth. Standard evasive maneuvers were to just outrun the missiles...
"DO YOU EVEN READ MY CHRISTMAS LIST?!"
I was in the US Air Force in the late 1980s and worked in aircraft maintenance. I worked in a jet engine shop. The engines had quarter-inch titanium alloy nuts on them that cost about $5.50 each. I thought that was a ridiculous price for tiny nuts. I did some research and found the same exact product available at a lower price from a vendor who was already approved by the Department of Defense. I submitted the information through the Air Force suggestion program (or whatever it was called). The change of vendors was approved and I got paid a percentage of the amount expected to be saved during the first year. I was given a check for about $12,500, which was more than one year’s pay based on what I was getting paid at the time. Nice bonus.
Advancements in engineering are my favorite things to daydream about. Like how all of humanity thought flying faster than the speed of sound was just impossible. Breaking the sound barrier for the first time must have been insane. It gets me really excited to think that in much the same way, humanity might one day travel faster than the speed of light.
13:09 dam do you see that shape this is a beautiful plane
50 years old and still looking futuristic.
Titanium forever!
Vibranium forever
I have a feeling that everything cool, comes from war
I wish I lived in that era
The need for such ingenuity is incredibly exciting and fulfilling
Unrelated, but at 10:08 I can see why diamond is ideal for microprocessor and heatsink applications.
Lets give thanks to Titanium for making the Cybertruck possible.
And probably unaffordable.
Isn’t this the plane that Elon Musk named his son after?
the model before this
Somewhat. The A-12 Oxcart was pretty similar to it. One of the ways you can distinguish it from the SR-71 is the tail cone. If it ends with the wings, it's the A-12. If it extends beyond a little more, it's the SR-71.
*Stalinium* : Hold my beer...
*ah yes glorious stalinium that can withstand a nuclear blast*
9:12: "Clarence L. Johnson, the manager of Skunk Works at the time..." Don't you know he's called Kelly Johnson? No one ever called him Clarence!
When I got in Welding, we fucked around with Titanium. It was amazing and frustrating to work with.
titanium: _exist_
SR-71 engineers: *screams inside*
The warp drive was damaged.
We'll have to land on the nearby Tatooine.
Imagine the world ending and being one of the survivors... and then going... "Yeah Titanium... you get argon and magnesium, and chlorine, and fire, and wait keep the air out, and transfer it, and, actually I'll cook the rats for dinner instead of teaching science..."
there is nothing better than well roasted rat... funny how it taste like the chicken
As a precision engineer who works with this stuff it's mighty impressive how they were able to make this machine in the 60's
Thanks for the well done video. What I liked most about this video is that it wasn't degraded by having to look at someone's face presenting this video.
13:55 typo , vanadium not valadium (I know you said vanadium)
Maybe someone else wrote it and misheard ? X)
I noticed that too.
METL STRENT