Massive thanks to Gavin Foster, who helped hugely with access to data, and feedback on the script twitter.com/@theFosterlab Thanks also to Lina Sitz twitter.com/lina_sitz for helping me hunt down additional data. And thanks to all the internet tutorials for helping me work out how to make graphs in After Effects. Finally - thanks to all of you for getting this channel to one MILLION views. Genuinely hard for me to fathom!
This video is childish. Oh, Ice Ages are now gone! HAHAHA. Right. Young people who were born after 1980 don't remember our brush with another Little Ice Age. I lived through many a blizzard even in super warm TUCSON AZ which is desert. The storms in NY were epic, very cold and very deep. Then we had this warm cycle due to increase in solar energy as the sun became more active again. The clockwork of the Ice Ages is not just due to orbit of the earth around the sun, the sun's activity shifts and changes, too, along with this rhythm. It is inevitable. Most 'global warming' is due to URBANIZATION. Cities are hotter and hotter and bigger and bigger. I live in NY in the countryside. NYC is 10 degrees or more hotter than where I live. Right now it is 64 F here while it is 75F in the metro regions.
@@emsnewssupkis6453 If most global warming is due to urbanization, how do you explain the massive increase in ocean heat content over recent decades, along with the rising frequency of marine heatwaves, and the fact that the polar regions (with notably few cities) are warming more rapidly than everywhere else?
@@emsnewssupkis6453 Which ocean data are you using? Because according to both NASA and NOAA the long term trend clearly demonstrates the oceans are getting hotter...
The Roman and Medieval warm periods were much warmer than today. They weren’t regional. Grapes were grown in England and the Danes settled in a new land called Greenland, but then it turned cold and they had to leave. CO2 is not in lockstep with temperature. Watch some videos by Tony Heller, he shares historic evidence over the past 170 years where floods, droughts, heatwaves, forest fires, hurricanes etc were all much worse than today. Most of the USA state temperature records are back in the 1930’s or before. The June of 1846 was hotter than the June of 2023 in England.
- We live in the same climate as it was 5 million years ago - I have an explanation regarding the cause of the climate change, it is the travel of the universe to the deep past since May 10, 2010. Each day starting May 10, 2010 takes us one thousand years to the past of the universe. Today March 31, 2024 the state of our universe is the same as it was 5 million and 74 thousand years ago. On october 13, 2026 the state of our universe will be at the point 6 million years in the past. On june 04, 2051 the state of our universe will be at the point 15 million in the past. On june 28, 2092 the state of our universe will be at the point 30 million years in the past. On april 02, 2147 the state of our universe will be at the point 50 million years in the past. Mohamed BOUHAMIDA.
I like this calm and sympathetic way of presenting apocalyptic facts very much. It's like one of those scenes where the protagonists sit huddled together on the beach, watching an asteroid impact on the horizon and knowing it's their last hours.
@@tomnelson2080 Indeed, the Egyptian Warm Cycle then the Minoan Warm Cycle and then the Roman Warm Cycle and even the Medieval Warm cycle all of which are 1,000 to 2,000 years apart, shows us that today is no warmer and is actually colder than the previous warm cycles and that this is totally normal. The warmest warm cycle was 10,000 years ago and it spawned the first agriculture by humans instead of hunter/gather food.
@@signsofbias9640 : That is complete nonsense and so easy to look up Future global climate: scenario-based projections and near ... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Jun 5, 2023 - Modeling of solar radiation management: a comparison of. 14 simulations using reduced solar constant and stratospheric sulphate aerosols. Clim. Dyn. 44, 2909 ... Do climate models project changes in solar resources? IPCC Report, Working Group I: The Scientific Basis 6.11. Solar Forcing of Climate.
@@signsofbias9640 it took me less than 30 seconds to find models that explicitly mention sun's variability and other measures in the IPCC. Not considering the sun would be something so stupid as trying to model the single pendulum motion without gravity. The energy balance of the planet is built upon the energy flux of the sun. Have you read the IPCC or are you parroting some idiots? Please, the only thing I ask of people is to do some actual scientific reading before they comment, you have no idea how stupid some of these comments sound.
I thought the magnetic field might have something to do with climate change, but nothing can be done about that, so they blame CO2 from cars and planes to cows farting
The Younger Dryas was actually caused by a huge comet slamming into the North American glacier that covered what is now Michigan, creating Saginaw Bay, the North Carolina Bays, and the first iteration of the global flood, particularly the legends in eastern North America.
Came to this channel a couple of weeks ago, I can’t remember the exact keywords I typed in. A conversation with a family member who had been (probably) listening to a Jordon Peterson podcast, they started talking misguided nonsense to me about ice cores. Conversation took me off guard and I didn’t want to start yelling at my iPad at 9pm on a relaxing Tuesday evening. I’d been following PotHoler54 for years and have an interest in earth/human history, but I wanted to make a further effort to educate myself and sharpen my arguments to combat ignorance with family members and colleagues. This channel was what I stumbled into - and what a great find!
Ice cores are nonsense now? Wow. Ice cores tell the story of only recent conditions. During the Egyptian/Minoan/Roman warm cycles there was little ice in the Arctic regions perhaps no ice. Even during the Medieval Warm Cycle farmers built farms in Greenland! These were all destroyed by the Little Ice Age from 1400 to 1800. No one survived. Ice buried everything. Now it has melted partially again.
@@emsnewssupkis6453 no, ice cores are not nonsense. The point I was making is that I am dealing with a science denying member of my family that doesn't understand what scientific consensus is or how it is arrived at. Hence they are being fed 'misguided nonsense about ice cores'. So when they are talking to me about something they've seen on a JP podcast, aka 'the stupid persons thinking person', I'm concluding that it will be very likely be wrong. I need to gear up for calm arguments, which is why I sub to channels like this. As usual, when you encounter someone ignorant of science, you have to find out what the actual science is - which takes time. This is the same for dealing with COVID 'hoax' claims, moon landing and 911 conspiracies.........
this video was really great as an explainer. I found your videos over a year ago, probably suggested by the algorithm. I met a woman who was a climate denier the other day and could explain why i do believe in global warming thanks to the information you share, not that I managed to change her mind probably lol. Thankyou for your work, congrats on 1,000,000 views, you should have a million subscribers!
ah that's lovely that my videos helped you feel you could have a conversation. and even if such chats don't switch someone's mind, they're often still worth having. glad you found my channel!
@@ClimateAdam You are very young. You grew up during a warm cycle. I was born at the end of the 1930's warm cycle and during my childhood it got colder and colder and colder so by 1964 we were having snow storms in Tucson, AZ. This is a hot desert! And we were colder and colder especially at night and I bought some used mink coats at Value Village to turn into blankets so I could be warm at night, it was so cold.
@crystalgiddens7276 I can cite some examples, like a hurricane hitting California or the extreme heat seen in the mid US. Several days I saw the same temps in TX as MN on the same day. Triple digits for 3 months straight is abnormal where I live during my 47 year lifetime. We were relieved to finally see temps drop into the 90's. There's also the high water temps off the coast that are akin to a hot tub.
@@Hei1Bao4 If climate change caused that hurricane, what caused these? Since 1850, only eight tropical cyclones have brought gale-force winds to the Southwestern United States. They are: The *1858 San Diego hurricane that was reconstructed as just missing landfall in 1858, the 1939 Long Beach tropical storm that made landfall near San Pedro in 1939, the remnants of Tropical Storm Jennifer-Katherine in 1963, the remnants of Hurricane Emily in 1965, the remnants of Hurricane Joanne in 1972, the remnants of Hurricane Kathleen in 1976* You can't have it both ways. Obviously they are natural. Blaming every catastrophe on AGW is a blatant lie!
@@crystalgiddens7276 It makes extreme events more likely. Which have been increasing world wide. But arguing with you is pointless. See Dunning-Kruger effect.
Hey Adam, Congratulations, Very pleased to learn of your success and that your climate messages gain viewers - Have had the pleasure of being with you for several years ❗️ Stay Strong for your niece, Sir & Onward to 2 million views🎉
Thank you very much, Climate Adam and congratulations! You are doing a great job! I've been watching you for a long time and sharing your videos on different platforms. Your explanations and creative approach are great! Keep going this way!
ClimateAdam I still don’t understand the correlation vs causation, 5:30 you mentioned the shift in temperature first causes the change in co2, not the other way around?
The initial heating is caused by changes in the Earth's tilt and orbit. This warming leads to the release of CO2 from the oceans, which subsequently contributes to further heating of the planet.
Can you debate someone on the subject please? This could give the 'deniers' something to ponder. Without debate we get nowhere. Im on the fence bro,cheers.
There is no question that the Earth has been getting warmer over the past century. And there is no question that carbon has increased, from .03% to .04% of the atmosphere. But correlation doesn't prove causation. What I would like to see is a video of how a trace element that has increased one hundredth of one percent could be so cataclysmic. I have yet to find a video on this topic. The other question I have is how much carbon is necessary to keep the plant life alive? If we are able to reduce carbon, is there a danger to life if we reduce it too much?
The increasing co2 both locks more of the solar radiation, and in concert with h20 vapor creates addition heat, as the co2 makes the h20 molecules more energetic
150 ppm is the threshold for most plants and at around 500ppm it starts to cause damage to certain plants. Most of the plants living today developed to live in a co2 eviroment between 225ppm and 380ppm
@@oleonard7319 I could see that if carbon increased to 10% of the atmosphere. But how does a mere .01 increase cause so much heat? I can't find any explanation. The amount of carbon in our atmosphere is still a paltry .04%.
YES! So much push back comes from " oh but in the past it was way more X and Y" These people seem to forget that millions of years ago there were no people, our species and all we rely on are recent. The planet will survive, life will persist, that is not the thing, the thing is that we kind of want our species to survive.
What’s interesting is that during the last interglacial period before this one (the Eemain) 125,000 years ago sea levels were 6 meters higher than today. Really shows how paleoclimatology can teach us so much about our own future. The fact that the “climate has always changed” is just examples of mama Earth’s younger times that is warning sign for our species. This was an interesting video thank you. There other hot houses I’ve heard about too such as the PETM and the Late Permian when earth was completely ice free and that was due to higher amounts of co2. Pretty fascinating. Also wouldn’t it be more accurate to say those “ice ages” were glacial periods considering we are still in the Quaternary Ice Age, just in warm stable interglacial period? Because I know there were four other major ice ages in Earth’s history before this one, also interestingly enough caused by a drop in CO2 levels.
As far as I know, they are in different scales. There is an bigger scale, ranging from hot house earth(no ice) to snowball earth(everything under ice), with the freezer earth in the middle(permanent ice in the poles). While the glacial and interglacial periods are in a smaller scale, with more modest changes in the current freezer earth. Also, they only exist since there is ice in the north pole. This is what I remember from a state university of Ceará's course.
@@PremierCCGuyMMXVI Pretty sure ice in the top of a mountain is not enough to constitute an ice age. There is the thing, I didn't use "ice age" in the previous comment. If any type of ice on Earth's surface is an ice age, then we are in a ice age in the last 34 million years, since in all interglacial periods there was ice in both poles.
I am glad you acknowledge the Milankovitch cycle contribution to earth's temperature changes. In Al Gore's film "An Inconvenient Truth" he overlayed the Milankovitch temperature cycle with CO2 concentrations from ice cores. He strongly implied that the CO2 changes caused the temperature changes, when in fact the temperature changes caused the CO2 changes due to ocean warming and outgassing of CO2 (the solubility of gases in liquids decreases with increases in temperature and the oceans contain ~50x as much dissolved CO2 as exists in the atmosphere). This was well know at the time. Intentional deception?
I dont have to go back millions of years. I can go back 100 years to see that temperatures here in the USA are not much different today then they were 100 years ago. We have the "actual" temperature data. C02 levels were much lower yet temperatures were still much the same.
Thanks for the humor and knowledge as always, Adam. The Younger Dryas is fascinating. The Dryas is a flower that grows in cold temperatures. This was an extinction event for many megafauna. There was also an Older Dryas (shorter).
Megaflora had very large stomata on their leaves. Stomata (plural for stoma), which means "mouth" (Greek), and they allow for the ingress and egress of gas. Long ago, these stomata were far, far larger, as found of megaflora. These days, comparatively, stomata are very small. Why were they so big once upon a time? How did these plants get so large? What are the implications of having so much gas available? What is the upper limit of gas types in the atmosphere?
Also a catastrophic event for all men woman and child living around the globe at that time... Also this type of event will happen again... In our lifetime!!!!
I was at a resort in Key Largo that started as a fish camp in the 1930s and I asked if the sea wall was original. He said yes it was and I asked him if the sea level had risen? He answered not here, but he said it was rising on the other side of the island because it was sinking over there and that's where the news media went. Just like why are the glaciers melting in one part of Greenland while where they landed planes in 1942 gained 80 meters of snow?
Really good video. I'm glad that you've covered this topic. In certain parts of the internet they use the argument of "well, but if we've lived through hotter eras in Earth" to try to dismiss modern climate change. Keep the good work
Yes, ALL the previous warm cycles during this short Interglacial were warmer than today's warm cycle. Duh. The graphs, before 2000, showed this clearly as a steady decline in 'warm cycles' over the last 10,000 years. All Ice Ages started suddenly, by the way. During each of these, the climate would swing wildly from cold to extremely cold over and over again. Each Interglacial is about 20,000 years and each Ice Age is over 200,000 years which is ten times longer! Think! That is super scary!
@@emsnewssupkis6453 you are wrong on ice ages happening suddenly, go read up on the Milankovitch cycles if you want to learn how we go from glacial periods to interglacial periods.
Mr Climate Adam, Thank you for your Video. The content is very much spot on and timely. What I discovered was your fabulous presentation. Really outstanding. Warmth, wit, sincerity and totally relevant to promoting the awareness that is essential to every single one of us. Very much appreciated. Thank you so very much for keeping the message fresh and supportive.
I just watched your response to Hank Green and found your way of explaining things interesting and engaging. I subscribed and now I am binging your videos ;)
Zooming out to a hundred million year time window, or longer, rather than focusing only on the current million year ice age, would have been useful, and provided more context.
Absolutely brilliant as usual Adam! One of the main rebuttals to the last million years of temperature/CO₂ data is that CO₂ lags temperature. Which is true. But only in the Antarctic ice cores. In Greenland ice cores the opposite happened. Just some prebunking for the comments.
yeah I've never really understood that rebuttal, though, because I'm not sure what it's rebutting! I've never heard a climate scientist say that CO2 triggered those paleo-processes - rather than it acted to amplify and create a global pattern of change... so of course CO2 lags the initial change! but thanks for the pre-bunk nevertheless!
In the graphic shown at the top of the video, I’m not seeing either of the two significant warm periods, medieval or Roman. From the data that I have seen, read and heard about, the Roman period is reported to have been warmer than it currently is, why would that spike not be on the graph?
You are wrong. CO2 concentration on your curve is always a little LATER higher, when temperature rises. So it can't be the reason for temperature rises, it's vice versa: If it gets warmer, CO2 concentration rises.
It’s a myth that CO2 always comes after a warming period and not before. "CO2 always lags temperature" is a popular talking point, but it's incorrect. Sometimes CO2 leads, sometimes it lags. According to ice cores and other evidence. It depends whether CO2 or some other force is driving. CO2 lags when something else (even water vapour feedback) is driving climate change. CO2 leads when it's the driver. For example. at the beginning of the last deglaciation of the Pleistocene. And for example, right now.
WOO-HOO! you totally deserve this! I just looked n the first vid of urs i saw was 4yrs ago explaining extinction rebellion. I then 'dabbled' with viewing vids until about 1.5yrs ago and ever since i try to catch them all XD
I wonder whether our use of electrical products adds to this, as there is always heat as a by-product, millions of people use TVV's computers, electric vehicles, etc. not to forget a lot of energy used is from fossil fuels
Hey Adam, can you list the good universities in Europe to study Climate Science & has an affordable tuition fees? I ain't from Europe so I don't have much idea.
Thanks for the perspective on climate change. I was interested to learn that changes occurred due to cycles of instability in the earth's rotation around the sun and was curious about whether there is any indication that the world is heading closer to the sun as part of this system of cycles?
Shifting of ocean circulation patterns does seem to be happening in both N Atlantic and the Southern Ocean. This could however produce local variations in the impact of changes rather than a cooling of the whole globe
Melting sea ice adds fresh water into the mix which changes the current flow rate , in turn effects such things as the Beaufort gyre , which in turn effects the air currents lowering the polar vortex to mid level latitudes , thus , due to water vapour, the biggest driver of climate change, massively drops world wide temps , thus making us vulnerable to an approaching ..... Ice age
Are we able to see short term fluctuations in the historic record? For example, if global average temperatures rose as much as we have seen within the same number of years and then returned to baseline, would we be able to see that? More generally, I'm curious to know how precise the record is? Do we know the temperature for all 1,000,000 years individually or is it more like 5yr averages, 100yr averages, etc? Obviously seasonal fluctuations within a year are ruled out. I'd like to know how we know what we know as well as what do don't know, ya know!?
we would struggle to see that the further we go back in the temperature record, but with the data we have, we can be confident it hasn't happened since the last glacial maximum at the very least and that warming like we could see by the end of the century (if we don't get emissions in check) would show up basically anywhere (since it would effectively appear as a sudden global step change in temperature)
Gotcha, but doesn't that suggest that our heating may not be unprecedented? My other main question about climate change is how is plant growth accounted for in climate predictions? I read that studies show improvements to plant growth at higher CO2 and that forests have net increased over the last 35 years in spite of deforestation. How do we know that extra CO2 in the air isn't an overall a good thing? Do we even know? @@ClimateAdam
A collateral consequence of mounting temperatures is the alarming loss of biodiversity, disrupting ecosystems and jeopardizing delicate ecological balances.
Just found you yesterday, thank goodness. You very clearly answer a lot of questions about complicated issues. Much appreciated and helping s with my stress level. Thanks!
The technical challenge is trivial compared to the social challenge--which we are badly failing. Knowing how to do something and actually choosing to do it are two very different things particularly when social capacity is pre-invested in existing adaptations. Adaptability is inversely proportional to the level of specific adaptation. To use our technology to correct climate change will take giving up nearly all our existing adaptations including our current economies to build our lives around extraction and sequestration of greenhouse gases and restoration of the biosphere. Are you ready to give up everything you have and do now to make the world livable again? Keep in mind that eventually we will have to give up everything just to survive.
I discovered your channel when looking for a summary to share regarding IPCC AR6 WG1. I read it and became quite... sullen. Videos like yours, Zentouro, Just Have a Think etc helped immensely. I have a good education but finding a non doom way to explain what I had read was amazing. I'm still very sullen when it comes to climate change but I have shifted career trajectories to help directly to advanced policy to be climate active in engineering.
What can i as a one person do to help stop climate change? I have a somewhat big plot of land in an area in europe that gets more dry every year. Should i plant trees densly on it? does that help? or water retention shaping of the land? Any completley different ideas?
Wow, comparing that carbon dioxide graph with the 1 million years of climate change one really hones in how different the causes are to our current problem.
During the Stone Era, abundant trees and plants could be seen everywhere, gradually making the Earth colder. However, in this era, logging and wildfires🔥 are reducing oxygen-producing trees, leading to climate change. Planting more trees can help reverse these losses and cool the Earth again. 🌲🌳🌴
Referred here by Hank Green of hankschannel and vlogbrothers. I'm rather enchanted by imagining Tom Hiddleston talking to me about climate. (I'm sure you've NEVER heard that before.) Cheers, and I'll be listening.
I found your channel last week. Of the 3 or 4 videos I've seen so far, I liked this one the best! I like having an expert in the field tell me about their field so much more than trying to get correct information from other media as even the best-intentioned science reporter might be forced to write within editorial guidelines, or simply misrepresent things due to trying to drive viewership or simply misunderstanding on their part. Congrats on growing your channel and I hope to watch more of your videos in the months ahead.
I began viewing your wonderful presentations around 3-years ago. Thank you for covering this lengthy time span. It appears to me that you've come to recognize that the current situation is more dire than you once believed.
You say that CO2 and temperature have been in lockstep in the past. Actually that’s not true. If you look closely, temperature rises first. CO2 follows a few hundred years later, indicating that temperature drives CO2 levels, not the reverse.
That's Visibly not true on the presented graph, peak atmospheric CO2 happens before peak temperature, but regardless, as we know, for a fact, CO2 traps heat. You can test that with sunlight, 2 airtight jars, a co2 canister and a pair of thermometers, what it actually suggests is that there's a feedback loop at play. Some warming causes an increase in CO2 because of various reasons, which causes more warming because basic thermodynamics which causes more CO2 release which causes more warming and so on until something breaks that cycle, historically speaking usually shifts in earths orbit and tilt. This one is a little different though because instead of natural processes releasing CO2 from the oceans and whatever as they warm, we're digging up billions of tons of random carbon we found in the ground and pumping it directly into the atmosphere.
PhD plant scientist here who just found your channel. I'm very much fascinated with climate change so I'm happy to have found you. Watching my plants suffer all kinds of weather whiplash makes me quite nervous for the future ...
Thanks, Adam for the very informative video. As an amateur astronomer, I am not aware of any significant changes to Earth's orbit around 1 million years ago. Are you referring to Milankovitch cycles which vary from hundreds of thousands of years to a little over 2 million years? Do you have a source that would help me understand this? As always I love your videos and they give me ammo for explaining climate change to my anti-climate change friends.
Wikipedia covers Milankovitch cycles. A useful question to ask people who believe that solar radiation changes are the driver of changes is why is Venus known to be much hotter (all around the planet) than Mercury (on its sun facing side). Mercury being closer to the sun receives more than 3 times the solar energy per square meter
Massive thanks to Gavin Foster, who helped hugely with access to data, and feedback on the script twitter.com/@theFosterlab
Thanks also to Lina Sitz twitter.com/lina_sitz for helping me hunt down additional data.
And thanks to all the internet tutorials for helping me work out how to make graphs in After Effects.
Finally - thanks to all of you for getting this channel to one MILLION views. Genuinely hard for me to fathom!
Ah good old Gavin! He was one of my professors back in my undergrad days. Good job with the visuals - I always love a paleoclimate video!
This video is childish. Oh, Ice Ages are now gone! HAHAHA. Right. Young people who were born after 1980 don't remember our brush with another Little Ice Age. I lived through many a blizzard even in super warm TUCSON AZ which is desert. The storms in NY were epic, very cold and very deep. Then we had this warm cycle due to increase in solar energy as the sun became more active again. The clockwork of the Ice Ages is not just due to orbit of the earth around the sun, the sun's activity shifts and changes, too, along with this rhythm. It is inevitable.
Most 'global warming' is due to URBANIZATION.
Cities are hotter and hotter and bigger and bigger. I live in NY in the countryside. NYC is 10 degrees or more hotter than where I live. Right now it is 64 F here while it is 75F in the metro regions.
@@emsnewssupkis6453 If most global warming is due to urbanization, how do you explain the massive increase in ocean heat content over recent decades, along with the rising frequency of marine heatwaves, and the fact that the polar regions (with notably few cities) are warming more rapidly than everywhere else?
@@AllAboutClimate Ignore the cold cycle in the ocean which ended a couple of months ago!
@@emsnewssupkis6453 Which ocean data are you using? Because according to both NASA and NOAA the long term trend clearly demonstrates the oceans are getting hotter...
The Roman and Medieval warm periods were much warmer than today. They weren’t regional. Grapes were grown in England and the Danes settled in a new land called Greenland, but then it turned cold and they had to leave.
CO2 is not in lockstep with temperature.
Watch some videos by Tony Heller, he shares historic evidence over the past 170 years where floods, droughts, heatwaves, forest fires, hurricanes etc were all much worse than today.
Most of the USA state temperature records are back in the 1930’s or before.
The June of 1846 was hotter than the June of 2023 in England.
www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1401-2
That was locally not globally
Well said, I wish so many more aren't afraid to speak out against the global climate crises occultists
If only nature would publish a balanced spread of papers instead of only those that support the IPCC’s vew.
@@Dlweta57 agree
- We live in the same climate as it was 5 million years ago -
I have an explanation regarding the cause of the climate change, it is the travel of the universe to the deep past since May 10, 2010.
Each day starting May 10, 2010 takes us one thousand years to the past of the universe.
Today March 31, 2024 the state of our universe is the same as it was 5 million and 74 thousand years ago.
On october 13, 2026 the state of our universe will be at the point 6 million years in the past.
On june 04, 2051 the state of our universe will be at the point 15 million in the past.
On june 28, 2092 the state of our universe will be at the point 30 million years in the past.
On april 02, 2147 the state of our universe will be at the point 50 million years in the past.
Mohamed BOUHAMIDA.
I like this calm and sympathetic way of presenting apocalyptic facts very much. It's like one of those scenes where the protagonists sit huddled together on the beach, watching an asteroid impact on the horizon and knowing it's their last hours.
There's absolutely no problem with Earth's current climate that wasn't also a problem during every other single year in human history.
@@tomnelson2080 watch Don't Look up
@@tomnelson2080 Indeed, the Egyptian Warm Cycle then the Minoan Warm Cycle and then the Roman Warm Cycle and even the Medieval Warm cycle all of which are 1,000 to 2,000 years apart, shows us that today is no warmer and is actually colder than the previous warm cycles and that this is totally normal. The warmest warm cycle was 10,000 years ago and it spawned the first agriculture by humans instead of hunter/gather food.
@@Kain5th Read the ancient fable. The Boy who cried Wolf.
@@raclark2730 tell him to not me
How does the weakening magnetic field of earth and solar cycle variability factor into all of this?
See NASA: Flip Flop: Why Variations in Earth’s Magnetic Field Aren’t Causing Today’s Climate Change
@@lrvogt1257 I said nothing about cause. Did you know the IPCC models don't consider the sun at all in their models?
@@signsofbias9640 : That is complete nonsense and so easy to look up
Future global climate: scenario-based projections and near ...
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Jun 5, 2023 - Modeling of solar radiation management: a comparison of. 14 simulations using reduced solar constant and stratospheric sulphate aerosols. Clim. Dyn. 44, 2909 ...
Do climate models project changes in solar resources?
IPCC Report, Working Group I: The Scientific Basis
6.11. Solar Forcing of Climate.
@@signsofbias9640 it took me less than 30 seconds to find models that explicitly mention sun's variability and other measures in the IPCC. Not considering the sun would be something so stupid as trying to model the single pendulum motion without gravity. The energy balance of the planet is built upon the energy flux of the sun. Have you read the IPCC or are you parroting some idiots? Please, the only thing I ask of people is to do some actual scientific reading before they comment, you have no idea how stupid some of these comments sound.
I thought the magnetic field might have something to do with climate change, but nothing can be done about that, so they blame CO2 from cars and planes to cows farting
Excellent show as always. And your channel is simply great. Im not sure how i found you so many years ago.
Just discovered your channel this weekend. Lovely videos. What a wonderful human being you are. Also, more please. P.S. Love the nails.
welcome!
The Younger Dryas was actually caused by a huge comet slamming into the North American glacier that covered what is now Michigan, creating Saginaw Bay, the North Carolina Bays, and the first iteration of the global flood, particularly the legends in eastern North America.
"One of the hypothesis is..."
Came to this channel a couple of weeks ago, I can’t remember the exact keywords I typed in. A conversation with a family member who had been (probably) listening to a Jordon Peterson podcast, they started talking misguided nonsense to me about ice cores. Conversation took me off guard and I didn’t want to start yelling at my iPad at 9pm on a relaxing Tuesday evening. I’d been following PotHoler54 for years and have an interest in earth/human history, but I wanted to make a further effort to educate myself and sharpen my arguments to combat ignorance with family members and colleagues. This channel was what I stumbled into - and what a great find!
Ice cores are nonsense now? Wow. Ice cores tell the story of only recent conditions. During the Egyptian/Minoan/Roman warm cycles there was little ice in the Arctic regions perhaps no ice. Even during the Medieval Warm Cycle farmers built farms in Greenland! These were all destroyed by the Little Ice Age from 1400 to 1800. No one survived. Ice buried everything. Now it has melted partially again.
@@emsnewssupkis6453 no, ice cores are not nonsense. The point I was making is that I am dealing with a science denying member of my family that doesn't understand what scientific consensus is or how it is arrived at. Hence they are being fed 'misguided nonsense about ice cores'. So when they are talking to me about something they've seen on a JP podcast, aka 'the stupid persons thinking person', I'm concluding that it will be very likely be wrong. I need to gear up for calm arguments, which is why I sub to channels like this.
As usual, when you encounter someone ignorant of science, you have to find out what the actual science is - which takes time. This is the same for dealing with COVID 'hoax' claims, moon landing and 911 conspiracies.........
@@emsnewssupkis6453 ice cores can tell us about conditions going back 800.000 years, wouldn't excactly call that recent.
Found your channel like 2 days ago, really wish this topic got more proactive attention. Been bingeing...Love the videos!
ah that's so cool - enjoy my back catalogue and hope you enjoy my future vids just as much!
i discovered this channel after Sabine Hossenfelder mentioned you in one of her videos
this video was really great as an explainer. I found your videos over a year ago, probably suggested by the algorithm. I met a woman who was a climate denier the other day and could explain why i do believe in global warming thanks to the information you share, not that I managed to change her mind probably lol. Thankyou for your work, congrats on 1,000,000 views, you should have a million subscribers!
ah that's lovely that my videos helped you feel you could have a conversation. and even if such chats don't switch someone's mind, they're often still worth having. glad you found my channel!
@@ClimateAdam You are very young. You grew up during a warm cycle. I was born at the end of the 1930's warm cycle and during my childhood it got colder and colder and colder so by 1964 we were having snow storms in Tucson, AZ. This is a hot desert! And we were colder and colder especially at night and I bought some used mink coats at Value Village to turn into blankets so I could be warm at night, it was so cold.
Discovered your channel today while looking for up to date information on the dramatic changes seen recently in our climate.
what dramatic changes?
@crystalgiddens7276 I can cite some examples, like a hurricane hitting California or the extreme heat seen in the mid US. Several days I saw the same temps in TX as MN on the same day. Triple digits for 3 months straight is abnormal where I live during my 47 year lifetime. We were relieved to finally see temps drop into the 90's. There's also the high water temps off the coast that are akin to a hot tub.
@@Hei1Bao4 If climate change caused that hurricane, what caused these?
Since 1850, only eight tropical cyclones have brought gale-force winds to the Southwestern United States. They are: The *1858 San Diego hurricane that was reconstructed as just missing landfall in 1858, the 1939 Long Beach tropical storm that made landfall near San Pedro in 1939, the remnants of Tropical Storm Jennifer-Katherine in 1963, the remnants of Hurricane Emily in 1965, the remnants of Hurricane Joanne in 1972, the remnants of Hurricane Kathleen in 1976*
You can't have it both ways. Obviously they are natural. Blaming every catastrophe on AGW is a blatant lie!
@@crystalgiddens7276 It makes extreme events more likely. Which have been increasing world wide. But arguing with you is pointless. See Dunning-Kruger effect.
@@Hei1Bao4 It does NOT> But arguing with you is pointless. See Dunning-Kruger effect.
Found your channel in Nov 2021 via a Simon Clark video.
Congrats on 1M views!
Keep up the great work.
Congrats on the million
Commenting for the algorithm
🤖
Discovered this channel just now after arguing with a climate change denier on IG LOL.
Awesome video. Subscribed!
ahah good reason! glad you found the channel!
great explanation, love those line graphs, is there any way I can access them or use them ?
Hey Adam, Congratulations, Very pleased to learn of your success and that your climate messages gain viewers - Have had the pleasure of being with you for several years ❗️ Stay Strong for your niece, Sir & Onward to 2 million views🎉
Thank you very much, Climate Adam and congratulations! You are doing a great job! I've been watching you for a long time and sharing your videos on different platforms. Your explanations and creative approach are great! Keep going this way!
ClimateAdam I still don’t understand the correlation vs causation, 5:30 you mentioned the shift in temperature first causes the change in co2, not the other way around?
The initial heating is caused by changes in the Earth's tilt and orbit. This warming leads to the release of CO2 from the oceans, which subsequently contributes to further heating of the planet.
Can you debate someone on the subject please? This could give the 'deniers' something to ponder. Without debate we get nowhere. Im on the fence bro,cheers.
I found your channel today through Sabine Hossenfelder
I found you from Sabine. I'm glad she recommended you!
Thanks for sharing this! Keep going!
There is no question that the Earth has been getting warmer over the past century. And there is no question that carbon has increased, from .03% to .04% of the atmosphere. But correlation doesn't prove causation. What I would like to see is a video of how a trace element that has increased one hundredth of one percent could be so cataclysmic. I have yet to find a video on this topic. The other question I have is how much carbon is necessary to keep the plant life alive? If we are able to reduce carbon, is there a danger to life if we reduce it too much?
The increasing co2 both locks more of the solar radiation, and in concert with h20 vapor creates addition heat, as the co2 makes the h20 molecules more energetic
150 ppm is the threshold for most plants and at around 500ppm it starts to cause damage to certain plants. Most of the plants living today developed to live in a co2 eviroment between 225ppm and 380ppm
@@oleonard7319 I could see that if carbon increased to 10% of the atmosphere. But how does a mere .01 increase cause so much heat? I can't find any explanation. The amount of carbon in our atmosphere is still a paltry .04%.
Hi I'm thiyanesh, from Thuraiyur a small town in Tamil Nadu, India. I learned a lot from you Adam. Keep up the good work🎉
that's great - thanks so much for your comment, Thiyanesh!
YES!
So much push back comes from " oh but in the past it was way more X and Y"
These people seem to forget that millions of years ago there were no people, our species and all we rely on are recent.
The planet will survive, life will persist, that is not the thing, the thing is that we kind of want our species to survive.
Be more afraid of the actual upcoming catastrophe, the reversal of the magnetic poles... Its happening now and will lickly happen within our lifetime.
What’s interesting is that during the last interglacial period before this one (the Eemain) 125,000 years ago sea levels were 6 meters higher than today. Really shows how paleoclimatology can teach us so much about our own future. The fact that the “climate has always changed” is just examples of mama Earth’s younger times that is warning sign for our species. This was an interesting video thank you. There other hot houses I’ve heard about too such as the PETM and the Late Permian when earth was completely ice free and that was due to higher amounts of co2. Pretty fascinating.
Also wouldn’t it be more accurate to say those “ice ages” were glacial periods considering we are still in the Quaternary Ice Age, just in warm stable interglacial period? Because I know there were four other major ice ages in Earth’s history before this one, also interestingly enough caused by a drop in CO2 levels.
Thanks, you're arguing in favor of burning as much fossil fuels as we can to get out of the ice age. Who needs a glacier over Philadelphia?
As far as I know, they are in different scales. There is an bigger scale, ranging from hot house earth(no ice) to snowball earth(everything under ice), with the freezer earth in the middle(permanent ice in the poles). While the glacial and interglacial periods are in a smaller scale, with more modest changes in the current freezer earth. Also, they only exist since there is ice in the north pole.
This is what I remember from a state university of Ceará's course.
@@senhox970 any type of ice on Earth’s surface is an ice age
@@PremierCCGuyMMXVI Pretty sure ice in the top of a mountain is not enough to constitute an ice age. There is the thing, I didn't use "ice age" in the previous comment. If any type of ice on Earth's surface is an ice age, then we are in a ice age in the last 34 million years, since in all interglacial periods there was ice in both poles.
I am glad you acknowledge the Milankovitch cycle contribution to earth's temperature changes. In Al Gore's film "An Inconvenient Truth" he overlayed the Milankovitch temperature cycle with CO2 concentrations from ice cores. He strongly implied that the CO2 changes caused the temperature changes, when in fact the temperature changes caused the CO2 changes due to ocean warming and outgassing of CO2 (the solubility of gases in liquids decreases with increases in temperature and the oceans contain ~50x as much dissolved CO2 as exists in the atmosphere). This was well know at the time. Intentional deception?
But he suggests that is not the reason for temp rises. Yet others suggest the cycle is heading into a cooling period now?
What an awesome and comprehensive explanation! Top quality, thank you!
I dont have to go back millions of years. I can go back 100 years to see that temperatures here in the USA are not much different today then they were 100 years ago. We have the "actual" temperature data. C02 levels were much lower yet temperatures were still much the same.
Thanks for the humor and knowledge as always, Adam. The Younger Dryas is fascinating. The Dryas is a flower that grows in cold temperatures. This was an extinction event for many megafauna. There was also an Older Dryas (shorter).
ah I had no idea the Dryas was a plant! thanks for sharing.
Megaflora had very large stomata on their leaves. Stomata (plural for stoma), which means "mouth" (Greek), and they allow for the ingress and egress of gas. Long ago, these stomata were far, far larger, as found of megaflora. These days, comparatively, stomata are very small. Why were they so big once upon a time? How did these plants get so large? What are the implications of having so much gas available? What is the upper limit of gas types in the atmosphere?
Also a catastrophic event for all men woman and child living around the globe at that time... Also this type of event will happen again... In our lifetime!!!!
Great explanation, as always :)
I found your channel some time ago when you did a collab vid with zentouro
I discovered your channel today through Hank Green's channel.
Absolutely brilliant, the depiction of the curves and playing with the time scale is teaching at it's best! Thanks a lot for that 🙂
I was at a resort in Key Largo that started as a fish camp in the 1930s and I asked if the sea wall was original. He said yes it was and I asked him if the sea level had risen? He answered not here, but he said it was rising on the other side of the island because it was sinking over there and that's where the news media went.
Just like why are the glaciers melting in one part of Greenland while where they landed planes in 1942 gained 80 meters of snow?
Really good video. I'm glad that you've covered this topic. In certain parts of the internet they use the argument of "well, but if we've lived through hotter eras in Earth" to try to dismiss modern climate change. Keep the good work
Yes, ALL the previous warm cycles during this short Interglacial were warmer than today's warm cycle. Duh. The graphs, before 2000, showed this clearly as a steady decline in 'warm cycles' over the last 10,000 years. All Ice Ages started suddenly, by the way. During each of these, the climate would swing wildly from cold to extremely cold over and over again. Each Interglacial is about 20,000 years and each Ice Age is over 200,000 years which is ten times longer! Think! That is super scary!
It's funny that they never mention the long time when people lived without cool plants.
@@emsnewssupkis6453 you are wrong on ice ages happening suddenly, go read up on the Milankovitch cycles if you want to learn how we go from glacial periods to interglacial periods.
@@Splett_man All weather shifts are sudden.
@@emsnewssupkis6453 weather yes, but not climatic shifts which is what we're talking about.
I discovered your channel after you responded to Hank's video about Geoengineering.
I discovered the channel 07/16/2023, Thank you
Mr Climate Adam, Thank you for your Video.
The content is very much spot on and timely. What I discovered was your fabulous presentation.
Really outstanding. Warmth, wit, sincerity and totally relevant to promoting the awareness that is essential to every single one of us.
Very much appreciated. Thank you so very much for keeping the message fresh and supportive.
ah what a lovely message - thanks so much for your comment. it's good to have you here!
I just watched your response to Hank Green and found your way of explaining things interesting and engaging. I subscribed and now I am binging your videos ;)
amazing - welcome!
I found this channel this week. Probably because I watch the channels Climate Town and PBS Terra. Love this channel too ❤
amazing - welcome Lauren!
Congratulation! Cannot remember when I have discovered your channel. But, I can say for sure I have enjoyed it ever since!
@climateadam is there a mistake in the choice of the graph at 2:45?
Great video thanks Adam
Congratulations on a million views and thanks for everything you do!!
Zooming out to a hundred million year time window, or longer, rather than focusing only on the current million year ice age, would have been useful, and provided more context.
I'll do it when I hit 100 million views
Great yet simple and entertaining explanations. Stumbled across your channel and love the way you present the facts. Keep up the great work.
good to have you here!
Absolutely brilliant as usual Adam!
One of the main rebuttals to the last million years of temperature/CO₂ data is that CO₂ lags temperature.
Which is true.
But only in the Antarctic ice cores.
In Greenland ice cores the opposite happened.
Just some prebunking for the comments.
yeah I've never really understood that rebuttal, though, because I'm not sure what it's rebutting! I've never heard a climate scientist say that CO2 triggered those paleo-processes - rather than it acted to amplify and create a global pattern of change... so of course CO2 lags the initial change! but thanks for the pre-bunk nevertheless!
You are really good at this.
Found you watching Dr Gilbz's channel
...ty, just yesterday i was thinking that i would like to know the actual variations in the climate over time... and here you are! 😊
good timing indeed!
In the graphic shown at the top of the video, I’m not seeing either of the two significant warm periods, medieval or Roman. From the data that I have seen, read and heard about, the Roman period is reported to have been warmer than it currently is, why would that spike not be on the graph?
Here's why: www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1401-2
Just watched the 10,000 years for 10k subscribers. Was hoping for 50,000 years for 50k subscribers. This exceeds this hope. Great stuff!!
and just now I made a 50k special vid! th-cam.com/video/IZIgL94f-8U/w-d-xo.html
Make Earth Cool Again
What starts with "e", rhymes with shmexcellent, and describes your videos? Congrats on one million views!
Would be cool to have another sequel seeing data from 10 million or even 100 million years ago, when Earth was not in an ice age like today.
You are wrong. CO2 concentration on your curve is always a little LATER higher, when temperature rises. So it can't be the reason for temperature rises, it's vice versa: If it gets warmer, CO2 concentration rises.
It’s a myth that CO2 always comes after a warming period and not before. "CO2 always lags temperature" is a popular talking point, but it's incorrect.
Sometimes CO2 leads, sometimes it lags. According to ice cores and other evidence. It depends whether CO2 or some other force is driving.
CO2 lags when something else (even water vapour feedback) is driving climate change. CO2 leads when it's the driver. For example. at the beginning of the last deglaciation of the Pleistocene. And for example, right now.
I discovered this channel just today with this exact video.
Brilliant presentation in a very unique style. Keep up the great work and you'll have 500k to 1m subscribers before you know it.
WOO-HOO! you totally deserve this! I just looked n the first vid of urs i saw was 4yrs ago explaining extinction rebellion. I then 'dabbled' with viewing vids until about 1.5yrs ago and ever since i try to catch them all XD
I wonder whether our use of electrical products adds to this, as there is always heat as a by-product, millions of people use TVV's computers, electric vehicles, etc. not to forget a lot of energy used is from fossil fuels
That impact is neglecible.
Yes just by breathing adds to climate change
Hey Adam, can you list the good universities in Europe to study Climate Science & has an affordable tuition fees?
I ain't from Europe so I don't have much idea.
I found this channel today. Thanks, Hank Green!
yay - welcome!
Thanks for the perspective on climate change. I was interested to learn that changes occurred due to cycles of instability in the earth's rotation around the sun and was curious about whether there is any indication that the world is heading closer to the sun as part of this system of cycles?
Thanks mate for another brilliant video. Cannot remember when I started subscribing. Must’ve been several years ago. 🙏🏻
I got to know your channel after seeing the tier list video with engineering with Rosie. I am on a binge watch of all your content since then
Fun fact... because of so much CO2 in the atmosphere, Venus is a lush jungle planet. Plants NEED CO2.
Tarzan would feel right at home on Venus.
Brawndo... it's got what plants crave!! It's got electrolytes!
Maybe you should go live there then. Let's see how long you last.
Shifting of ocean circulation patterns does seem to be happening in both N Atlantic and the Southern Ocean. This could however produce local variations in the impact of changes rather than a cooling of the whole globe
Melting sea ice adds fresh water into the mix which changes the current flow rate , in turn effects such things as the Beaufort gyre , which in turn effects the air currents lowering the polar vortex to mid level latitudes , thus , due to water vapour, the biggest driver of climate change, massively drops world wide temps , thus making us vulnerable to an approaching ..... Ice age
I will follow this!
Engineering with Rosie is where I found your channel
Are we able to see short term fluctuations in the historic record? For example, if global average temperatures rose as much as we have seen within the same number of years and then returned to baseline, would we be able to see that? More generally, I'm curious to know how precise the record is? Do we know the temperature for all 1,000,000 years individually or is it more like 5yr averages, 100yr averages, etc? Obviously seasonal fluctuations within a year are ruled out. I'd like to know how we know what we know as well as what do don't know, ya know!?
we would struggle to see that the further we go back in the temperature record, but with the data we have, we can be confident it hasn't happened since the last glacial maximum at the very least and that warming like we could see by the end of the century (if we don't get emissions in check) would show up basically anywhere (since it would effectively appear as a sudden global step change in temperature)
Gotcha, but doesn't that suggest that our heating may not be unprecedented? My other main question about climate change is how is plant growth accounted for in climate predictions? I read that studies show improvements to plant growth at higher CO2 and that forests have net increased over the last 35 years in spite of deforestation. How do we know that extra CO2 in the air isn't an overall a good thing? Do we even know? @@ClimateAdam
A collateral consequence of mounting temperatures is the alarming loss of biodiversity, disrupting ecosystems and jeopardizing delicate ecological balances.
Just found you yesterday, thank goodness. You very clearly answer a lot of questions about complicated issues. Much appreciated and helping s with my stress level. Thanks!
welcome to the channel!
The technical challenge is trivial compared to the social challenge--which we are badly failing. Knowing how to do something and actually choosing to do it are two very different things particularly when social capacity is pre-invested in existing adaptations. Adaptability is inversely proportional to the level of specific adaptation. To use our technology to correct climate change will take giving up nearly all our existing adaptations including our current economies to build our lives around extraction and sequestration of greenhouse gases and restoration of the biosphere. Are you ready to give up everything you have and do now to make the world livable again? Keep in mind that eventually we will have to give up everything just to survive.
I discovered your channel when looking for a summary to share regarding IPCC AR6 WG1. I read it and became quite... sullen. Videos like yours, Zentouro, Just Have a Think etc helped immensely. I have a good education but finding a non doom way to explain what I had read was amazing.
I'm still very sullen when it comes to climate change but I have shifted career trajectories to help directly to advanced policy to be climate active in engineering.
the historical overview missed the importance of algae... which has been really important for global carbon levels (and might be again)
Personally I am just glad to be living in an inter-glacial period since ice age seems to be the default setting.
PLANT MORE TREES
This is my 1st time here, I think 🤔 your channel will grow quickly, based on your FRESH, easy to stay approach. ❤❤
aw thanks!
What can i as a one person do to help stop climate change? I have a somewhat big plot of land in an area in europe that gets more dry every year. Should i plant trees densly on it? does that help? or water retention shaping of the land? Any completley different ideas?
Is there any way for you to reach an teach the Manosphere here in the US?
2.5 seconds in.
Okay Adam learn me. I’m rooting for ya. Let’s go..
Carbon monoxide? Keep going..
So being in Toronto it’ll be like moving to Scottsdale AZ.?
Thanks kid that was great. Feel free to post this quote on your CV.
I found and subscribed to this channel on 9/22/2023.
Wow, comparing that carbon dioxide graph with the 1 million years of climate change one really hones in how different the causes are to our current problem.
During the Stone Era, abundant trees and plants could be seen everywhere, gradually making the Earth colder.
However, in this era, logging and wildfires🔥 are reducing oxygen-producing trees, leading to climate change.
Planting more trees can help reverse these losses and cool the Earth again. 🌲🌳🌴
I loved the way he explained all of this. Also, when did Loki become so concerned about the climate?!?
I discovered this channel literally now…
good timing!
Referred here by Hank Green of hankschannel and vlogbrothers. I'm rather enchanted by imagining Tom Hiddleston talking to me about climate. (I'm sure you've NEVER heard that before.) Cheers, and I'll be listening.
Very well presented. Great.
Good video. Thanks.
I found your channel last week. Of the 3 or 4 videos I've seen so far, I liked this one the best! I like having an expert in the field tell me about their field so much more than trying to get correct information from other media as even the best-intentioned science reporter might be forced to write within editorial guidelines, or simply misrepresent things due to trying to drive viewership or simply misunderstanding on their part. Congrats on growing your channel and I hope to watch more of your videos in the months ahead.
good to have you here - hope you keep enjoying my videos or a long time to come!
Great video, thank you!!!
Think I found your channel through a collab with Zentuoro ages ago. Individual vs structual action, maybe.
ah amazing - so cool you made your way over here from Miriam!
Just now thank you Adam 👍👍🇮🇪🇮🇪🇮🇪🇮🇪
welcome!
I began viewing your wonderful presentations around 3-years ago. Thank you for covering this lengthy time span. It appears to me that you've come to recognize that the current situation is more dire than you once believed.
You say that CO2 and temperature have been in lockstep in the past. Actually that’s not true. If you look closely, temperature rises first. CO2 follows a few hundred years later, indicating that temperature drives CO2 levels, not the reverse.
That's Visibly not true on the presented graph, peak atmospheric CO2 happens before peak temperature, but regardless, as we know, for a fact, CO2 traps heat. You can test that with sunlight, 2 airtight jars, a co2 canister and a pair of thermometers, what it actually suggests is that there's a feedback loop at play. Some warming causes an increase in CO2 because of various reasons, which causes more warming because basic thermodynamics which causes more CO2 release which causes more warming and so on until something breaks that cycle, historically speaking usually shifts in earths orbit and tilt. This one is a little different though because instead of natural processes releasing CO2 from the oceans and whatever as they warm, we're digging up billions of tons of random carbon we found in the ground and pumping it directly into the atmosphere.
PhD plant scientist here who just found your channel. I'm very much fascinated with climate change so I'm happy to have found you. Watching my plants suffer all kinds of weather whiplash makes me quite nervous for the future ...
Yawn.
Congratulations Adam!!! I would say I started watching you in 2019.
Thanks, Adam for the very informative video. As an amateur astronomer, I am not aware of any significant changes to Earth's orbit around 1 million years ago. Are you referring to Milankovitch cycles which vary from hundreds of thousands of years to a little over 2 million years? Do you have a source that would help me understand this? As always I love your videos and they give me ammo for explaining climate change to my anti-climate change friends.
Wikipedia covers Milankovitch cycles. A useful question to ask people who believe that solar radiation changes are the driver of changes is why is Venus known to be much hotter (all around the planet) than Mercury (on its sun facing side). Mercury being closer to the sun receives more than 3 times the solar energy per square meter