Sand is an excellent base for a footing it doesnt expand or contract seasonally as clay soil does and it's easy to excavate and it has excellent drainage ..its basically a 'god send' for building How to circumvent wind blown accretion...? That's why the railway is elevated on a giant groin like footing and they have designed a barrier to mitigate this factor in the construction
It doesn't come into the city though. The closest it comes is the 611 so it will only really be used for long journeys to different emirates/other gcc countries. They would extend the metro if they wanted more urban trains.
It would definitely be used to go to different Emirates especially Fujairah because of its mountainous roads. And it will definitely be used for pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina when that’s part is built
Agreed, it was driving me crazy. The human brain works on familiarity, in order to understand a map it needs to be able to relate known information. Even the London Underground map, which is relational, is north-oriented and works based on the brain's ability to relate the relative position of one point to another (sorry, not a great explanation, I'm sure there's a video on it somewhere). Apart from that, great video though! One thing I was wondering is what adaptations have been made in terms of construction to withstand the intense daytime temperatures; also, what were the considerations in making it fossil-fuel powered rather than electrified?
@@franksmith7247 I'm a transport researcher (although my first degree was environmental science). My somewhat limited knowledge on mapping is from a module way back on geographical information systems and presentation of map data, and a few other books/sources. My explanation as mentioned is probably not the sharpest, but I believe if you care to look up more on the topic you'll find it's essentially correct. I'm happy to try to find a video link to the topic...
@@HideorEscape well it's relativily cool in the morning the temperature is well over 40 and can even surpass 50 in the summer. Where I live the lowest temperature of the year would be around 25 degrees. Right now it's 38 degrees at night. I guess we just got acustomed to it and once in saudi arabia the temperature reached 52 degrees Celsius.
Very interesting. For two centuries we have known that if you want to develop resources, industrialise and modernise an area, you need to build railways. Even where railways declined in favour of road transport, it would seem that governments are now reinstalling rail infrastructure.
Right. Even though the US has crappy passenger rail service the freight system is still large and important. The economy wouldn't be what it is without it.
@@Putindidnothingwrong Look at everything you own or use that wasn't produced within walking distance. The difference between living with those items and without them is the benefit of freight.
@@Putindidnothingwrong Transporting freight (i.e. the stuff you and I buy in the store) by train is MUCH more fuel efficient over long distances than trucks so is beneficial for not only costs but also reduced carbon emissions.
@@ThePelucidar It's on there, they've just omitted the Israel-Syria border. Looking at a Google Earth map of said border, I can certainly understand why. Also, this video isn't about Israel.
Wow. That's incredible feedback, thank you so much! We've worked really hard to raise the bar and have re-invested everything into our team to ensure that the content on both this channel and Tomorrow's Build is Vox-esque.
There's one thing all trains actually need sand for so it makes this all kind of funny. Locomotives have sand boxes that feed sand through tubes to the rails so the drive wheels can get traction.
Ahhhhhhh here they are, another Factorio/Satisfactory player. ALWAYS build 2 at once so you don't have to come back and do it later. And you WILL have to come back and do it later.
@@aenorist2431 🤦♂️🤦♂️🤦♂️. This is the desert, not Europe. Land can go for around $ 1-5000 for an acre. All of that funding will go to the constuction workers.
Recommend subject - The Qinghai-Tibet Railway in China, a project of even greater complexity to build and harmonize with the various environments it traverses from desert to tundra to high altitude mountain passes, with many elevated sections to protect the environment and allow animals to roam safely. I think it would be a great subject for B1M, it has great technical content.
The Harimian high speed railway from Mecca to Medina and the high speed line from Xi’an to Urumqi would also be an interesting study in building high speed rail in the desert.
Well the UAE network is almost completed. I myself have visited Abu Dhabi station. The management is incredible. The freight trains have reduced lots and lots of trucks. And a passenger train is also expected to Launch soon.
It was always good to see the huge trains arriving in Riyadh. So much stuff on the one train saving so many trucks. The Riyadh metro? A project so big I worked on it myself for nearly 3 years. I’m now back in my native UK but definitely miss the Middle East.
Widley-we fabricated all the concrete overhead rail support column fancy formwork in Bahrain and shipped to Riyadh for the Metro. It was like building a submarine, inside out and to ridiculously tight tolerances.
Why not use the good road, you allready have? ... And use this money, to make water aquaducts/water pipline(s) from India. This is not hard to do, whit the recorsess this contrys has.
America was built on railways reaching westwards across the Great plains. After America invented the Model-T Ford car American railways were neglected. The car rules America....only poor people take trains or busses.
Yeah, good luck with it in current climate in California! "Progressivists" in charge of the state, unions inflating costs till absurdity, no show jobs, army of bureaucrats producing environmental impact studies, studying gender pay gap, diversity and gender neutrality of the project (no MANholes, no ChairMEN), various groups taking legal action against the project.... Arabs don't have to deal with this level of BS so they get the line built! Leftists: We want carbon neutral transport, we want public transport, no to cars! Leftists again: We don't want diggers, concrete, line in our backyard, we don't want the line after all, it damaging environment, we want to be paid, we don't really want to work. We don't want engineers, bankers and capitalists in the project. We love diversity officers, unions and dope being legalized.
Listen, I live in Dubai, and I cannot stress how IMPORTANT this rail system would be if it's opened to commuters. I legitimately drive 3 HOURS of commute every freaking day?! (and I speed sometimes ...) I'm not the only one. I take one of the relatively less used highways and I see an accident at least once a week. Last month, I saw three accidents happening on the same journey back home, this felt mildly annoying but normal. Do not get me started on the sandstorm/rainy/foggy weather. Do you want to drive an hour plus drive with your vision obstructed for most of it? No! Especially since the country isn't built for rains and anytime a rainy day comes we get massive water puddles everywhere- This will save lives, time, and maybe sanity (mine most likely) if it is finished and opened to public use. (Also, love your videos! I just found your channel today and I'm binge-watching)
I think I'll fix up my sentence to say "I'm from Dubai, born and raised," instead of just living there. A bit shocking having a local use the internet, I know. Very mind-blowing stuff. I guess the idea has merits, I'll just have to ready myself mentally to let go of everything I ever knew since childhood and be able to actually stay in another country without all the issues following such a move.
@@stephenlyon1358 ? What does that even mean? Are you implying that America has freedom or that my place does not??? Please stop insulting other people's countries and nationalities while giving what you might think is helpful advice.
@@WikiK1d America os the only place that has true freedom. Sorry I did bot realise your skin was so thin, we all know that Sharia is world known for its individual freedoms and liberties.
This popped up in my recommended videos to watch & I wasn't disappointed. I live in America & have been fascinated with the railroad since I was a child & how America was built off of it, so to see the UAE expanding their railroad to connect to each is truly fascinating. I love it.
I love this channel! One of the biggest reasons is because, in the U.S.A., you never hear about these mega projects unless some disaster is happening with it. Places like the UAE have been building beautiful buildings, roads, airports, subways, etc., yet the propaganda machine here in the US totally ignores them (in most cases).
I think it’s because Americans don’t want to be reminded how atrocious and antiquated it’s infrastructure is. Airports, roads and bridges that even parts of Africa has surpassed. America’s economy is being heavily impacted as a result. Plus when infrastructure is built in the US it is ridiculously expensive and then used to make corporate profits since so little public money is used.
Those buildings in Dubai were built by migrant workers who live in shoe boxes packed against each other. Wealth is not evenly distributed there are some who live life in luxury and some who are just footmats for the wealthy. Out in west people see only the tall buildings. They are all just for show off.
@@liammarra4003 Chinese Rail Companies will surely win the Global Tenders in view of their advanced / appropriate Technology & Funding Options. If GCC comes out with Bonds for US 100 Bn & if these bond holders are offered appropriate Discounts in freight & passenger travel in comparison to normal tariff, market participants will subscribe to these bonds & it would get over subscribed in Global Stock Exchanges
After watching this video and many others on your channel I come to the conclusion that the most exciting technical things that are are happening nowadays are in connection with China. In every breathtaking engineering undertaking China is the leader or is at least involved in it.
@@donquique1 BS. what your clams were happened sometimes around 2-3 decades ago, but not now any more. As nowadays, they have the highest engineering standards with the best technology and equipments in the world.
And they should be given all such tough project. Last video saw, they says that the Chinese completed the railway project in Africa 18 months ahead of time. If anyone else was doing that project, I assumed they will still be on it or fail, like it has been....
When I went to Dubai a lot of people took taxis everywhere. Yes there's a love of cars but taxis were the main form of transportation for many people. You were going to say how they made the railway but you actually didn't. It would be interesting to know more details. But I really did love the video!👍
Taxis are also expensive. What I like about Abu Dhabi more is that their bus transportation is very fast and easy. Which makes taxis here less necessary and way more cheaper than in Dubai
I’m impressed by the accurate details from this report. I live in the capital city Abu Dhabi and this project is being built few kilometers away from where I live.
Sadly the project on Oman's side is currently on hold, i believe its due to money concerns. Was really excited to see this come to life, would've connected the Gulf to the huge deep water port of duqm, making Oman the entry way port for the region
Oman would immensly profit from railway system, ppl there have also different lifestyle, culture and mentality, are moderate and pragmatic in comparison to other arabic countries, they will be one of very view countries who will survive the post oil era in arabic world and adapt to the needed changes without the rival of tribal wars. I wish best luck to Oman, though they dont need it, they work hard, are open minded and are very friendly and accepting to everybody.
@@beckysam3913 No offence but I’ve seen a lot of comments like yours who think they know Gulf countries’ culture, politics, and economy but actually know very very little.
@@rashed434 i am not from western culture, you dont know from where my parents are or where i live, english is not my mother tongue, i get that feedback a lot. I grew up in a mosque and quran school, medressa, if you want a hint.
The international space station cost around $100B. Thats the most expensive “thing” ever built, to date. 👍🏼 But it’s always getting upgrades and new equipment so that number is on the low end.
Well, spending billions to twirl around the earth is far more productive than spending that money of frivolous things. Like finding a cure for cancer and the other diseases that kill us and our children!
@@tomrogers9467 The ISS doesn't twirl, idiot. The entire thing moves at an extremely fast pace around earth, and it's by far one of thee most productive things ever. It helps expand space travel and instellar travel, just like helping homosapiens on the ground as well. Educate yourself.
Interesting topic. A bit irritating when the maps constantly rotated and I lost track of where things are. Also the big headline of this rail projects will cost 100 million ... but how much will it save? Video quality is great though.
For the comments on sand covering the rails,locomotives that run in these environments have three sandplows. Two stationary ones that are set at a certain height, and one hydraulic plow that sits just in front of the first wheel sets. Alittle sand on the rails is good for traction and eases wheel wear.
Sand drifts a lot in the desert. It gets inside mechanisms and wears them out rapidly. In this environment, you need to run trains slowly to maintain reliability. Just look at Western Sahara.
@@johnhili8664 the SD70 is a series of locomotives built by EMD in the United States. the ACe part indicates AC traction motors. These locomotives have been used in similar conditions in the United States and Australia, so they are good!
@@cryingwater many people can identify the shape and location of a country on a map and then use relative locations to pick out where other features such as oceans will be, but only on the upright map they learnt in school. rotating a map throws off more than just the people with poor spacial awareness. its just unnecessary to make understanding the geography and size more difficult, especially with a map devoid of surface features and true colour.
@@someone-wi4xl Burj Kalifa is surrounded by other buildings. This railway drives through sand dunes. he doesn't mean the sand on the ground they built on, but all the sand that is around it doesn't just sit still and gets blown around by the wind.
China had a similar challenge when building railways in the Western China. The solution is multi-prong: elevated railway with deep-ground reinforcement, barrier with vegetation and grass/straw with long roots, modification of sand/soil structure, etc. And yes, constant monitoring and manual clearing of sand when necessary. Costly, but they clearly believe it's worth it when the positive externalities to economic and social development is taken into account. The Chinese, with one of the world's most geologically diverse territory, have built infrastructure across just about every type of terrain under the sun that you can think of.
If you want to build a railway where there are shifting sands, you either build it up very high, on elevated pillars so the wind/sand can blow under it, or you cover it over with concrete arch culverts so that when the sands pile up over it, the entire train will be going through that under-sand tunnel.
If it’s an area of the world you’re not familiar with it’s helpful to keep the maps one way up so it’s easy to see what’s being displayed. I couldn’t follow where lines were meant to be going when one moment we were looking at the map from the south, and next from the north, then the east etc.
3:52 The sand filtration system wasn't designed by Etihad Rail, it was designed by EMD ( Electro-Motive Diesel) an American company who built the locomotives and is utilized on many of its Middle Eastern products.
This is very exciting for rail fans! Tackling blowing sand is of great interest to see what solutions they come up with. I’m looking forward to the introduction and growth of passenger service. What type of equipment/rolling stock these new systems would employ.
@@hellot-8004 A railway project through Britian. It cuts through a lot of populated land and diverse landscapes and not "just" sand and, well its in Britian, so its obviously a lot more expensive..
Hope to see this completed, especially the link between Muscat and the UAE, it'd be nice to be able to go to Dubai for a weekend trip on a 2-3 hour train journey rather than flying or driving.
Very interesting! I had no idea such a project had been planned. I lovectrains, though not sure this will be a real scenic journey - but might be a good way to see all 6 countries at one fell swoop, with stopovers in the Big cities to experience all their cutting-edge architecture and some great Middle Eastern fokd!
@@impoppy9145 Ah yes nothing better than a vanity project that benefits next to no one as opposed to an economically and socially viable infrastructure project. Guess some people are poor by choice.
@@shahzaib4011 Ah yes that rail road will solve world hunger, inequality, all conflics and the energy crysis plus it will make us more "socially viable". Also tall buildings are useless because you said so. Logic one million. This happens when you learn fancy words from reddit like " socially viable" and " infrastructure project " but you're so intellectually poor to use them probably.
Me too!!! When winds get wild in the desert sands build up into those 10-40 foot tall sand dunes, just the nature of the desert! It's not like you can plan on sand events and make sure the rails are clear for a 150-200 mph train!!!! Good luck to them and it would really be heavily used i think!
It's cool they actually have them work at night. I live in the American southwest with very similar weather (usually 90-100F at night this time of year), and they've still got construction crews out in the middle of the afternoon doing roadwork near my house. My car's thermostat was displaying 120 a few hours ago, at the same time guys are out working on the road. I don't know how that's even legal
7:37 The reason is obvious, I’m kinda surprised you guys didn’t know the reason behind it… guess I’ll explain. In short, the cities in UAE are very car dependent because of terrible urban-planning. Such that, it’s really hard to walk and bike around places… There simply isn’t enough metro stations connecting various cities in Dubai, and literally half of them are just along a highway (might as well would’ve been called a monorail), There is a tram, But it’s in one city only…. The metro did expand, but it was from the so called highway to the EXPO site (not really that far since it’s literally a 10-min drive from the last station of the monorail) 🤦♂️ it’s disappointing because, the authorities told they were planning to Expand it to other cities... (but, that was 8 years ago, in 2014, And nothing has been done). It’s night and day, when you consider how fast bridges and Buildings get built in comparison… also, The bus are often kind of late because of traffic (the traffic is obviously because there are a lot of people using cars)…. In the end, It’s almost like you reap what you sow…
You never actually described how it was constructed, even though you said it was more important to first explain why, which would imply you were also going to show how...
The audacity to dream big is what sets these Middle Eastern countries' rulers apart. Whoever would think of connecting all these countries by rail over such difficult terrain? Kudos to these visionaries.
I can't wait for the day that they open this to passenger transport. As someone who had to bear two or three hour long traffic jams traveling in between Dubai and Sharjah at rush hour, a rail connection between both Emirates would almost certainly fix the issue. A lot of other people here also feel the same, but without any alternatives, we're forced to use our cars!
That problem could have been solved years ago by extending Dubai Metro into Sharjah, but it is no secret that Dubai does not want to make it easy for anyone to live in Sharjah and work in Dubai. Think about it: as soon as someone living in Sharjah but works in Dubai, starts to make a bit more money, they move to somewhere in Dubai, even if it’s past Jebel Ali and in the middle of nowhere. I lived and worked in Dubai for 20 years (just left) and I felt really sorry for people I knew who had to commute. Some would leave at 4am, get to their workplace, and sleep in their car til it was time to start work.
I'm so excited for this and I don't even live in that part of the world. Anything that new and could bring development to the Middle East is a good thing.
@@johnhili8664 that's a given. Any modern rail system has these. I'm thinking more about at the rate rails and wheels among other components deteriorate.
They are certainly going to have to develop new rail track types if they expect to get around expansion and movement from high temperatures and the daily temp variations.
I would love to see a follow-up / part 2 on the part of the railway going to Muscat in Oman. The terrain between the UAE and Oman is quite challenging for a rail infrastructure project!
When Rail Engineers have built Rails in Ocean, building Rails on desert is easy for Rail Civil Engineers. The cost borne by each Gulf Country must be proportionate to Rail Kilometres in each country. Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) May come out with a Bond issue of US $ 100 Bn to Finance the GCC Rail Project. If Bond holders get specific discount in Goods Freight & Passenger Travel ( in comparision to Normal Tariff for Non holders of Bonds) in specific trains for specific periods & if these bonds are listed in major Global stock exchanges ( London Tokyo Singapore & New York), MNCs, Market Players, Rail Companies, Logistic Companies & Investors WILL FULLY Subscribe to the Bond issue with Zero Cost for GCC member countries in the Rail Project.
The proposed GCC New Rail Project must not compete with the existing Road Traffic in Gulf Countries. So the new Rail Lines must be PERPENDICULAR to the existing Road Lines and not PARALLEL to existing Road lines. If it is parallel, it will affect road traffic negatively & if it is perpendicular, it will affect Positively. Also, there must be Main Line & alternative Loop Line Rail Management to ensure that Long Distance Gulf Rail Traffic is Not AFFECTED even in the event of declaration of hostilities among GCC Member Countries.
Topics I don’t even think I’m interested in become fascinating when I watch your videos.
How do u say the channel?
+1
@@dunnnuu6502 "Bee one em" is what I say, if that's what you were asking
@@dunnnuu6502 uujuoiihoiuu
whenever its something about the middle east,yall arent interested ???wow
So there is going to be a spin off series of Snowpiercer: Sandpiercer
Better if consider me
Instead of ice age, it's irradiated deserts
Lmao! Nice1! 😂
I was thinking exactly the same 😅
Instead of an ice age it is climate change, lol
I was hoping for more detail of how they build on sand dunes
Better if consider me
Same. Left dissatisfied.
@@engineeredarmy1152 + Lots of talking !
@@engineeredarmy1152 Thats what she said...
Sand is an excellent base for a footing it doesnt expand or contract seasonally as clay soil does and it's easy to excavate and it has excellent drainage ..its basically a 'god send' for building
How to circumvent wind blown accretion...?
That's why the railway is elevated on a giant groin like footing and they have designed a barrier to mitigate this factor in the construction
I lived in the UAE and I'm sure the railway is gonna be used by many people. They are tired of spending hours in traffic daily!
It doesn't come into the city though. The closest it comes is the 611 so it will only really be used for long journeys to different emirates/other gcc countries. They would extend the metro if they wanted more urban trains.
It's going to be freight only.
How did you like living there?
@@OfficialSeccour Not true, look at the Wikipedia page
It would definitely be used to go to different Emirates especially Fujairah because of its mountainous roads. And it will definitely be used for pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina when that’s part is built
The video was great, but please keep the maps aligned to the North. It made understanding of the map very difficult.
Sorry about that, thanks for the feedback 👍
Yes, it was realy irritating, and took a lot from the understanding.
@@TheB1M I agree. I had to pause the video to work out the map because of the map orientation not being North oriented.
Agreed, it was driving me crazy. The human brain works on familiarity, in order to understand a map it needs to be able to relate known information. Even the London Underground map, which is relational, is north-oriented and works based on the brain's ability to relate the relative position of one point to another (sorry, not a great explanation, I'm sure there's a video on it somewhere).
Apart from that, great video though! One thing I was wondering is what adaptations have been made in terms of construction to withstand the intense daytime temperatures; also, what were the considerations in making it fossil-fuel powered rather than electrified?
@@franksmith7247 I'm a transport researcher (although my first degree was environmental science). My somewhat limited knowledge on mapping is from a module way back on geographical information systems and presentation of map data, and a few other books/sources. My explanation as mentioned is probably not the sharpest, but I believe if you care to look up more on the topic you'll find it's essentially correct. I'm happy to try to find a video link to the topic...
Love the channel. But maps should always be bearing North
They don't have to.
Agreed. I couldn't get orientated at all!
@@Victor-yv8ru yeah they dont have to but everyone is used to it
@@InfectTheNet is there need no apologise to friend my. Suggesting I'm only.
@@InfectTheNet It's the reason I don't usually read a book upside down.
3:20 “night gets as cool as 30° celsius” damn! UAE must be burning hot as hell
People in Canada are dying because temperatures reach 40/43 but here we can walk in this hot sun while it's about 45 soooo we're good and not burning.
30 C is cool? How? That's usually the hot summer temperature everywhere.
@@HideorEscape that's winter with us here in the UAE and Oman
@@HideorEscape well it's relativily cool in the morning the temperature is well over 40 and can even surpass 50 in the summer. Where I live the lowest temperature of the year would be around 25 degrees. Right now it's 38 degrees at night. I guess we just got acustomed to it and once in saudi arabia the temperature reached 52 degrees Celsius.
haha India too, here in delhi the lowest is around 29 if youre lucky
Very interesting. For two centuries we have known that if you want to develop resources, industrialise and modernise an area, you need to build railways. Even where railways declined in favour of road transport, it would seem that governments are now reinstalling rail infrastructure.
Right. Even though the US has crappy passenger rail service the freight system is still large and important. The economy wouldn't be what it is without it.
@@mk1st whats so beneficial about freight? i hear it all the time but im wondering why?
This isn't reinstallation.
@@Putindidnothingwrong
Look at everything you own or use that wasn't produced within walking distance.
The difference between living with those items and without them is the benefit of freight.
@@Putindidnothingwrong Transporting freight (i.e. the stuff you and I buy in the store) by train is MUCH more fuel efficient over long distances than trucks so is beneficial for not only costs but also reduced carbon emissions.
The rotating map made it difficult to get your bearings
Notice it does not include Israel on it. Not an accident.
@@ThePelucidar Israel refuses to define its own borders. Not an accident.
@@ThePelucidar thats because the map only contains real countrys
@@ThePelucidar always you lot in every video
@@ThePelucidar It's on there, they've just omitted the Israel-Syria border. Looking at a Google Earth map of said border, I can certainly understand why. Also, this video isn't about Israel.
It felt like I was watching a Vox video. Quality of B1M videos is great now 👍
Wow. That's incredible feedback, thank you so much! We've worked really hard to raise the bar and have re-invested everything into our team to ensure that the content on both this channel and Tomorrow's Build is Vox-esque.
Nah. Better than vox by a long shot
B1M is Omega and Vox is Michael Kors.
but the subtitle is missing
@@TheB1M Compare 1930s Nazi Germany autobanh Vs 2020s Communist Chinazi railway IN YOUR NEXT VIDEO!!
Train: I don't like sand. It's all coarse, and rough, and irritating. And it gets everywhere.
Not like here. Here everything is soft and smooth.
@@rorychivers8769 that’s what she said
There's one thing all trains actually need sand for so it makes this all kind of funny. Locomotives have sand boxes that feed sand through tubes to the rails so the drive wheels can get traction.
Then your lost
It’s true.
Am I the only one who wonder why they doesn’t build double tracks when they’re at it?
Ahhhhhhh here they are, another Factorio/Satisfactory player. ALWAYS build 2 at once so you don't have to come back and do it later. And you WILL have to come back and do it later.
I definitely wondered the same thing. Either multiple rail lines, or even a roadway
It would double the costs and is most likely not necessary at the time but i feel your dissatisfaction..
Usually they built double tracks every 1 to 2 miles so trains can wait on the side track while another passes
@@michaeltewes7833 Yeah
Building 2 way track all the way would be unnecessary and expensive if not used to max capacity
The amount of money involved with infrastructure projects is INSANE.
Stuttgart, Germany is building ONE train station for about 10bn$. With this in mind, 100bn for this project is a bargain.
$100B-$250B is chump change for south Arabia and neighboring countries.
Total waste of money in light of recent advances in electric transportation.
@@aenorist2431 🤦♂️🤦♂️🤦♂️. This is the desert, not Europe. Land can go for around $ 1-5000 for an acre. All of that funding will go to the constuction workers.
@@greenred1070 what would the electric alternative be?
Recommend subject - The Qinghai-Tibet Railway in China, a project of even greater complexity to build and harmonize with the various environments it traverses from desert to tundra to high altitude mountain passes, with many elevated sections to protect the environment and allow animals to roam safely. I think it would be a great subject for B1M, it has great technical content.
The Harimian high speed railway from Mecca to Medina and the high speed line from Xi’an to Urumqi would also be an interesting study in building high speed rail in the desert.
I actually genuinely agree with you @@fredfrond6148
Well the UAE network is almost completed. I myself have visited Abu Dhabi station. The management is incredible. The freight trains have reduced lots and lots of trucks. And a passenger train is also expected to
Launch soon.
It was always good to see the huge trains arriving in Riyadh. So much stuff on the one train saving so many trucks. The Riyadh metro? A project so big I worked on it myself for nearly 3 years. I’m now back in my native UK but definitely miss the Middle East.
Italy are gonna win
@@dylantierney9362 🤣🤣🤣
@@WidleyWesident how does the project now? Functioning just fine?
@@dylantierney9362 He didn't say he was from England.
Widley-we fabricated all the concrete overhead rail support column fancy formwork in Bahrain and shipped to Riyadh for the Metro. It was like building a submarine, inside out and to ridiculously tight tolerances.
Turning sand dunes to clay? That I would love to hear more about.
You have to grind sand to a finer consistency...
Chinese do that. Watched the video in TH-cam couple of years ago.
They may be able to turn it into a clay-like material, but they are not turning it into clay.
@@knocksensor3203
So why not mix it with cement instead?
@@texan-american200 Huge cost and carbon footprint to cement
I think the front of the train - The head must attach Air Blower to ease the sand cover railways.
Traveling at that speed is bound to pick up some air dude they don’t need an air compressor on the front of it
they'll travel fast enough to generate air blow
Why not use the good road, you allready have? ... And use this money, to make water aquaducts/water pipline(s) from India. This is not hard to do, whit the recorsess this contrys has.
@@terjesorhaug143 For the amount of loads they're planning to transport, train is more efficient than roadways.
@@sameermohideen4913 Dont see the need. You have very good roads here allready. Roads here are easy, cheao, fast to make, and the same to maintaine.
B1M : the highspeed railway to top notch quality.
I've been to that desert a couple of times and it's so beautiful. Desolate for sure but beautiful. I'd love crossing it on a rail journey one day!
Wow 🤩 me too. I love trains
i can already imagine how beautiful it is to enjoy the view from inside the train at night!
dang, imagine sky without light pollution
Better look quickly if you are traveling at 200 miles per and at nigh
Mars on earth 🤩
as someone living in the usa i love these videos and trying to keep up with more global projects
Meanwhile railway construction in California is hammered by so much bureaucracy that connecting a simple cities is taking so much time.
@Ayton greater than shaq His comment features trains and construction. You can't be that stupid, surely?
@@krashd too bad.. He is that stupid lmao 😂
Americans need to elect responsible people who are willing to improve the infrastructure
America was built on railways reaching westwards across the Great plains.
After America invented the Model-T Ford car American railways were neglected.
The car rules America....only poor people take trains or busses.
Yeah, good luck with it in current climate in California!
"Progressivists" in charge of the state, unions inflating costs till absurdity, no show jobs, army of bureaucrats producing environmental impact studies, studying gender pay gap, diversity and gender neutrality of the project (no MANholes, no ChairMEN), various groups taking legal action against the project....
Arabs don't have to deal with this level of BS so they get the line built!
Leftists: We want carbon neutral transport, we want public transport, no to cars!
Leftists again: We don't want diggers, concrete, line in our backyard, we don't want the line after all, it damaging environment, we want to be paid, we don't really want to work. We don't want engineers, bankers and capitalists in the project. We love diversity officers, unions and dope being legalized.
man...whenever this is ready...im travelling just for the experience
@@fyx812 😀
Yeah it will be like dream especially in night.
How awesome is the narrator's voice? It's one of the main reasons I keep coming back. I think I'm in love?
It's really difficulty to build in hot climate, but nowadays with technologies everything is possible, great job B1M for this amazing work ❤👍
you forget the maintenance, desert sands can damaged rail faster
Fred doesn't ask the question if development in the midst of a huge desert is wise or at all sustainable
@@richard35791 yep for sure, i used to live in Abu Dhabi, and i grow up watching how engineers are building roads in UAE and in hot climate
in those temperatures you'll give yourself serious burns just from touching the rails
They will use slave labour
Listen, I live in Dubai, and I cannot stress how IMPORTANT this rail system would be if it's opened to commuters. I legitimately drive 3 HOURS of commute every freaking day?! (and I speed sometimes ...) I'm not the only one. I take one of the relatively less used highways and I see an accident at least once a week. Last month, I saw three accidents happening on the same journey back home, this felt mildly annoying but normal. Do not get me started on the sandstorm/rainy/foggy weather. Do you want to drive an hour plus drive with your vision obstructed for most of it? No! Especially since the country isn't built for rains and anytime a rainy day comes we get massive water puddles everywhere-
This will save lives, time, and maybe sanity (mine most likely) if it is finished and opened to public use.
(Also, love your videos! I just found your channel today and I'm binge-watching)
Dont live in Dubai then, its a shole anyway.
I think I'll fix up my sentence to say "I'm from Dubai, born and raised," instead of just living there. A bit shocking having a local use the internet, I know. Very mind-blowing stuff.
I guess the idea has merits, I'll just have to ready myself mentally to let go of everything I ever knew since childhood and be able to actually stay in another country without all the issues following such a move.
@@WikiK1d you should go to America and experience freedom before its gone
@@stephenlyon1358 ? What does that even mean? Are you implying that America has freedom or that my place does not??? Please stop insulting other people's countries and nationalities while giving what you might think is helpful advice.
@@WikiK1d America os the only place that has true freedom. Sorry I did bot realise your skin was so thin, we all know that Sharia is world known for its individual freedoms and liberties.
This popped up in my recommended videos to watch & I wasn't disappointed. I live in America & have been fascinated with the railroad since I was a child & how America was built off of it, so to see the UAE expanding their railroad to connect to each is truly fascinating. I love it.
It's called government subsidies that how it was built
@@austindenotter19 great stuff
The main issue with getting people onboard is that the stage 2 does not enter any population dense areas for easy access
We will improve bus 🚌 and 🚋 system to fill that gap
@Nathan Taffijn The track probably will stretch and buckle. The extreme cold nights would definitely put some stress on the metals.
The vid stresses the project’s main income will come from freight.
@@dbsirius - extreme cold nights? It rarely drops below +10C.
I think this is the first I've heard of this railway, so thank you.
I wish the map would stop spinning round! I could not get my bearings!
Itis common in this part of world. Sometimes you have to stand upside down to find your place on a map at public places.😁😇
And the map labels are also all in random orientations.
Plus Israel is excluded.
@@ThePelucidar I didn't want to specifically mention any country because of certain reasons. However Israel is not in this list.
@@ThePelucidar and why are you so offended by it
This reminds me of Australia's InLand Rail project, dubbed "the backbone of Australia". That could be a potential future video.
I love this channel! One of the biggest reasons is because, in the U.S.A., you never hear about these mega projects unless some disaster is happening with it. Places like the UAE have been building beautiful buildings, roads, airports, subways, etc., yet the propaganda machine here in the US totally ignores them (in most cases).
I think it’s because Americans don’t want to be reminded how atrocious and antiquated it’s infrastructure is. Airports, roads and bridges that even parts of Africa has surpassed. America’s economy is being heavily impacted as a result. Plus when infrastructure is built in the US it is ridiculously expensive and then used to make corporate profits since so little public money is used.
agree... except the buildings in places in Dubai are not beautiful but rather quite horrendous in my eyes
Those buildings in Dubai were built by migrant workers who live in shoe boxes packed against each other. Wealth is not evenly distributed there are some who live life in luxury and some who are just footmats for the wealthy. Out in west people see only the tall buildings. They are all just for show off.
B1M is such an underrated channel.
We know, haha 😂Better than being overrated I guess
Dude this channel has 1.8 million subs
@@reptilejesus829 it should get 10 millions at least. It's that good
"1.8M subscribers"
uhm....
@@TheB1M There is no bloody just Gulf mister, but the Persian Gulf.
To whoever drew the railway map at min. 2:15 … I’d like to inform you that Jeddah is a port - on the sea.
may be they want to build a bridge to allow train passing through?
Your storytelling and narration are so on point.
I love how that guy is talking to the ceiling 😶
🤣
Ikr
😂 😂 😂
Give him a break, the B1M is a big deal.
@@sm3675 Really 🥴? So is my rent, but I don’t talk to the ceiling, I talk to the rent agent, WTF
We’ve been waiting for this project to happen for decades, it feels like it’ll never happen.
Funding is the Main issue. Who will bear how much. If GCC goes for a Bond Issue from London & New York Stock Exchanges, 100% Funding May b raised
@@lakshminarayan6727 China/Asia
@@liammarra4003 Chinese Rail Companies will surely win the Global Tenders in view of their advanced / appropriate Technology & Funding Options. If GCC comes out with Bonds for US 100 Bn & if these bond holders are offered appropriate Discounts in freight & passenger travel in comparison to normal tariff, market participants will subscribe to these bonds & it would get over subscribed in Global Stock Exchanges
the company is in operation since 2016, transporting sulfur from shah to ruwais
Impressive and I wish them good luck finishing it.
After watching this video and many others on your channel I come to the conclusion that the most exciting technical things that are are happening nowadays are in connection with China. In every breathtaking engineering undertaking China is the leader or is at least involved in it.
Bs, china construction suks. They make a lot of vanity orojects that will not stand the test of time.
@@donquique1 BS. what your clams were happened sometimes around 2-3 decades ago, but not now any more. As nowadays, they have the highest engineering standards with the best technology and equipments in the world.
And they should be given all such tough project. Last video saw, they says that the Chinese completed the railway project in Africa 18 months ahead of time. If anyone else was doing that project, I assumed they will still be on it or fail, like it has been....
When I went to Dubai a lot of people took taxis everywhere. Yes there's a love of cars but taxis were the main form of transportation for many people. You were going to say how they made the railway but you actually didn't. It would be interesting to know more details. But I really did love the video!👍
Better of consider me
Taxis are also expensive. What I like about Abu Dhabi more is that their bus transportation is very fast and easy. Which makes taxis here less necessary and way more cheaper than in Dubai
The views from the train will look so incredible.
I’m impressed by the accurate details from this report. I live in the capital city Abu Dhabi and this project is being built few kilometers away from where I live.
Sadly the project on Oman's side is currently on hold, i believe its due to money concerns. Was really excited to see this come to life, would've connected the Gulf to the huge deep water port of duqm, making Oman the entry way port for the region
Unfortunately Oman and Bahrain are not as rich as the other Gulf countries
Oman would immensly profit from railway system, ppl there have also different lifestyle, culture and mentality, are moderate and pragmatic in comparison to other arabic countries, they will be one of very view countries who will survive the post oil era in arabic world and adapt to the needed changes without the rival of tribal wars. I wish best luck to Oman, though they dont need it, they work hard, are open minded and are very friendly and accepting to everybody.
@@beckysam3913 No offence but I’ve seen a lot of comments like yours who think they know Gulf countries’ culture, politics, and economy but actually know very very little.
@@rashed434 i am not from western culture, you dont know from where my parents are or where i live, english is not my mother tongue, i get that feedback a lot. I grew up in a mosque and quran school, medressa, if you want a hint.
@@beckysam3913 I never said you’re from a western culture and I don’t think going to madrasa is relevant.
Proud to be a part of the project
The international space station cost around $100B. Thats the most expensive “thing” ever built, to date. 👍🏼 But it’s always getting upgrades and new equipment so that number is on the low end.
Actually it's somewhere around $147B. Even crazier when you think about it
I get what you mean. The ISS is still the most expensive "single thing" (so far). A railway is not a single thing yet wtf its expensive
Well, spending billions to twirl around the earth is far more productive than spending that money of frivolous things.
Like finding a cure for cancer and the other diseases that kill us and our children!
@@tomrogers9467 are you anti Nasa?
@@tomrogers9467 The ISS doesn't twirl, idiot.
The entire thing moves at an extremely fast pace around earth, and it's by far one of thee most productive things ever.
It helps expand space travel and instellar travel, just like helping homosapiens on the ground as well.
Educate yourself.
Interesting topic. A bit irritating when the maps constantly rotated and I lost track of where things are. Also the big headline of this rail projects will cost 100 million ... but how much will it save? Video quality is great though.
Why do u rotate the map?
This and the Maktoum Intl Airport are some of my most anticipated projects in UAE
فوق هام السحب .. 💚🇸🇦
Yet another amazing video!Love this channel soooo much!!
Ah thank you so much!!
@@TheB1M keep up the good work guys!
For the comments on sand covering the rails,locomotives that run in these environments have three sandplows. Two stationary ones that are set at a certain height, and one hydraulic plow that sits just in front of the first wheel sets. Alittle sand on the rails is good for traction and eases wheel wear.
Sand drifts a lot in the desert. It gets inside mechanisms and wears them out rapidly. In this environment, you need to run trains slowly to maintain reliability. Just look at Western Sahara.
Yeah. I don't like sand. It's coarse, and rough, and irritating, and it gets everywhere.
They are using special EMD SD70ACe that get around that problem.
Don't ask this is all foolishness, no concept of earth and how to work in harmony with nature
@@Trainmaster909 What does all that alphabet mean please speak in layman's language those abbreviation mean nothing to 80% of the readers!!!!!
@@johnhili8664 the SD70 is a series of locomotives built by EMD in the United States. the ACe part indicates AC traction motors. These locomotives have been used in similar conditions in the United States and Australia, so they are good!
Rotating maps? It just disoriented my view of the geography of the area.
Your spatial awareness is just bad lol
@@cryingwater many people can identify the shape and location of a country on a map and then use relative locations to pick out where other features such as oceans will be, but only on the upright map they learnt in school. rotating a map throws off more than just the people with poor spacial awareness. its just unnecessary to make understanding the geography and size more difficult, especially with a map devoid of surface features and true colour.
Dumb version of what the above commenter said... Rotating map........SHEEEEEEEEEEEEEEET😠😠😒😉😠😠😠😠
Best channel on YT. This is what it was built for!!
Poor Yemen, left out of everything, except the Middle east cold war
@Honour H You have the shites???
@Ghost Ghost Someone’s jealous🤣. Cleanse yourself of hate habibi.
@Ghost Ghost You’re the one who’s arrogant and full of hate
@Ghost Ghost delmun was in east arabia you ignorant 🤦♂️
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilmun
$100 billion rail in desert,
At least better than buying $100 billion worth of guns.
Now they can move $200 billion in guns.
I don't think it stopped them buying $100b of guns as well.
exactly.why the people never asked the question of what ahappened with the oil money all along ?
Hi ! I'm from India.This is definitely a very informative & interesting video that u've posted.
I wonder how they are solving the constant moving sand dunes. Constant maintance and clean up
Steel rods + sand = great friction and will stand still
That’s how Burj Khalifah was made as well
@@someone-wi4xl Burj Kalifa is surrounded by other buildings. This railway drives through sand dunes. he doesn't mean the sand on the ground they built on, but all the sand that is around it doesn't just sit still and gets blown around by the wind.
See video on JD rail Solutions
China had a similar challenge when building railways in the Western China. The solution is multi-prong: elevated railway with deep-ground reinforcement, barrier with vegetation and grass/straw with long roots, modification of sand/soil structure, etc. And yes, constant monitoring and manual clearing of sand when necessary. Costly, but they clearly believe it's worth it when the positive externalities to economic and social development is taken into account. The Chinese, with one of the world's most geologically diverse territory, have built infrastructure across just about every type of terrain under the sun that you can think of.
The B1M sounds like a highway name, lol. Either way, subbed as this is some quality content
Haha, thanks! "Yeah you wanna take The B1M north for about 2 miles then make a right..."
I thought it was a kpop group
Is it billion 1 million?
Thank you for featuring
If you want to build a railway where there are shifting sands, you either build it up very high, on elevated pillars so the wind/sand can blow under it, or you cover it over with concrete arch culverts so that when the sands pile up over it, the entire train will be going through that under-sand tunnel.
I waited 4:12 to confirm my guess, yes Chinese are building it.
Absolutely fascinating. I had no idea something like this was being built. Nice video. Keep up the good work.
Incredible right! What other future developments are you excited about?
But where’s the Harriman… that is indeed a project and it’s already built… and by the Spanish. Very high speed railway in the desert!!
Haramain* (sorry it didn’t let me edit the comment)
I think only the rolling stock is from Spain. Not the construction of the infrastructure.
@@Powerfulpork you're right. It's only the rolling stock.
The former spanish king even took milions of illegal commissions for it.
@@jordif7310 *Typical!*
If it’s an area of the world you’re not familiar with it’s helpful to keep the maps one way up so it’s easy to see what’s being displayed. I couldn’t follow where lines were meant to be going when one moment we were looking at the map from the south, and next from the north, then the east etc.
Also, start with a zoomed out view so we see the shape of the entire area before zooming in.
A train going through the desert looks like something out of a fantasy movie... yet it's pretty real now. Amazing!
B1M is always bring freshly brew content 👌👌👌
3:52 The sand filtration system wasn't designed by Etihad Rail, it was designed by EMD ( Electro-Motive Diesel) an American company who built the locomotives and is utilized on many of its Middle Eastern products.
That's a good video. World needs such projects.
This is very exciting for rail fans! Tackling blowing sand is of great interest to see what solutions they come up with. I’m looking forward to the introduction and growth of passenger service. What type of equipment/rolling stock these new systems would employ.
This is an insanely ambitious project, and yet still priced cheaper than HS2
Because they have slave workers
What is HS2 btw??
Most of HS2s cost is land acquisition, they don't have this problem for a variety of reasons
@@hellot-8004 A railway project through Britian. It cuts through a lot of populated land and diverse landscapes and not "just" sand and, well its in Britian, so its obviously a lot more expensive..
HS2 not bad a idea but still it will help UK economy grow
Thank you GCC. Go ahead with mutual understanding
Hope to see this completed, especially the link between Muscat and the UAE, it'd be nice to be able to go to Dubai for a weekend trip on a 2-3 hour train journey rather than flying or driving.
Very interesting! I had no idea such a project had been planned. I lovectrains, though not sure this will be a real scenic journey - but might be a good way to see all 6 countries at one fell swoop, with stopovers in the Big cities to experience all their cutting-edge architecture and some great Middle Eastern fokd!
the desert is beautiful and look soft
Hey, at least they're building a railway instead of another unfinished mega tall glass monstrosity.
Better of comsidering me
Also better for the environment
Ah yes nothing worse than a tall glass structure that makes me proud as a human. Guess some people are poor by choice
@@impoppy9145 Ah yes nothing better than a vanity project that benefits next to no one as opposed to an economically and socially viable infrastructure project.
Guess some people are poor by choice.
@@shahzaib4011 Ah yes that rail road will solve world hunger, inequality, all conflics and the energy crysis plus it will make us more "socially viable".
Also tall buildings are useless because you said so.
Logic one million. This happens when you learn fancy words from reddit like " socially viable" and " infrastructure project " but you're so intellectually poor to use them probably.
I am interested in knowing how the engineers will handle the effects of sand storms in their designs
Me too!!! When winds get wild in the desert sands build up into those 10-40 foot tall sand dunes, just the nature of the desert! It's not like you can plan on sand events and make sure the rails are clear for a 150-200 mph train!!!! Good luck to them and it would really be heavily used i think!
I’m addicted to this channel
It's cool they actually have them work at night. I live in the American southwest with very similar weather (usually 90-100F at night this time of year), and they've still got construction crews out in the middle of the afternoon doing roadwork near my house. My car's thermostat was displaying 120 a few hours ago, at the same time guys are out working on the road. I don't know how that's even legal
Fascinating and seems likes a really good idea.
idk but i just found this channel and i love it
Wowwwwww! Super Desert Railway by Middle East! Very brilliant information and awesome information 🥰 thanks B1M
Armco the whole dunes section! Sorted (prolly need fans to push clean air through )
I love this channel
7:37 The reason is obvious, I’m kinda surprised you guys didn’t know the reason behind it… guess I’ll explain.
In short, the cities in UAE are very car dependent because of terrible urban-planning. Such that, it’s really hard to walk and bike around places… There simply isn’t enough metro stations connecting various cities in Dubai, and literally half of them are just along a highway (might as well would’ve been called a monorail), There is a tram, But it’s in one city only…. The metro did expand, but it was from the so called highway to the EXPO site (not really that far since it’s literally a 10-min drive from the last station of the monorail) 🤦♂️ it’s disappointing because, the authorities told they were planning to Expand it to other cities... (but, that was 8 years ago, in 2014, And nothing has been done). It’s night and day, when you consider how fast bridges and Buildings get built in comparison… also, The bus are often kind of late because of traffic (the traffic is obviously because there are a lot of people using cars)…. In the end, It’s almost like you reap what you sow…
It would be amazing if this development made the deserts habitable, it would be like Dune... but with rail stops.
Great graphics and video!!
You never actually described how it was constructed, even though you said it was more important to first explain why, which would imply you were also going to show how...
Better of consider me
This isn't an engineering channel tho.
Yeah, other than sand and sheer distance, this is one of the easiest places to build a railway on Earth by far.
The audacity to dream big is what sets these Middle Eastern countries' rulers apart. Whoever would think of connecting all these countries by rail over such difficult terrain? Kudos to these visionaries.
Absolutely, incredible plans! What other future developments are you excited about?
Great video. Great work
This is absolutely a fascinating project, it is going to make the gulf countries stronger and more connected.
I can't wait for the day that they open this to passenger transport. As someone who had to bear two or three hour long traffic jams traveling in between Dubai and Sharjah at rush hour, a rail connection between both Emirates would almost certainly fix the issue. A lot of other people here also feel the same, but without any alternatives, we're forced to use our cars!
Well said!
Plus it will save money from traffic fines too. You don't driver cars, you don't get fines! 😂
That problem could have been solved years ago by extending Dubai Metro into Sharjah, but it is no secret that Dubai does not want to make it easy for anyone to live in Sharjah and work in Dubai. Think about it: as soon as someone living in Sharjah but works in Dubai, starts to make a bit more money, they move to somewhere in Dubai, even if it’s past Jebel Ali and in the middle of nowhere. I lived and worked in Dubai for 20 years (just left) and I felt really sorry for people I knew who had to commute. Some would leave at 4am, get to their workplace, and sleep in their car til it was time to start work.
Nice video 👍
I'm so excited for this and I don't even live in that part of the world. Anything that new and could bring development to the Middle East is a good thing.
Okay but isn’t the sand an issue? How do they prevent dunes from forming over the railways?
They have put a plough like a snow plough
@@shawnsubin-ssp8860 I would like to know about the wear and tear created on the wheels and rails with all that sand!!!!!
@@johnhili8664 and those concerns are just the tip of the sand dune.
@@louiscypher7090 I am sure that they have to build a factory to make wheels and rails so that they can change worn out wheels and rails quickly:-))))
@@johnhili8664 that's a given. Any modern rail system has these. I'm thinking more about at the rate rails and wheels among other components deteriorate.
Fantastic information!
just like the United States, the UAE is also dependent on cars.
@Krishnan Talibani "cars house salary without work". If that's only true bro.
They are certainly going to have to develop new rail track types if they expect to get around expansion and movement from high temperatures and the daily temp variations.
Not really. Its always + tempertures and dry climate, so its easier to maintain than in the north.
What about the wear and tear of the wheels and rails!!!!
This will be a great project for the next decade
I would love to see a follow-up / part 2 on the part of the railway going to Muscat in Oman. The terrain between the UAE and Oman is quite challenging for a rail infrastructure project!
When Rail Engineers have built Rails in Ocean, building Rails on desert is easy for Rail Civil Engineers. The cost borne by each Gulf Country must be proportionate to Rail Kilometres in each country. Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) May come out with a Bond issue of US $ 100 Bn to Finance the GCC Rail Project. If Bond holders get specific discount in Goods Freight & Passenger Travel ( in comparision to Normal Tariff for Non holders of Bonds) in specific trains for specific periods & if these bonds are listed in major Global stock exchanges ( London Tokyo Singapore & New York), MNCs, Market Players, Rail Companies, Logistic Companies & Investors WILL FULLY Subscribe to the Bond issue with Zero Cost for GCC member countries in the Rail Project.
The proposed GCC New Rail Project must not compete with the existing Road Traffic in Gulf Countries. So the new Rail Lines must be PERPENDICULAR to the existing Road Lines and not PARALLEL to existing Road lines. If it is parallel, it will affect road traffic negatively & if it is perpendicular, it will affect Positively. Also, there must be Main Line & alternative Loop Line Rail Management to ensure that Long Distance Gulf Rail Traffic is Not AFFECTED even in the event of declaration of hostilities among GCC Member Countries.
@@lakshminarayan6727 there are mountainous ⛰ regions there. This is what he meant.
@@mohammedmuadh9567 o....Mountains pose a Great Challenge to Rail Construction