Solid Signal shows you: "What Is An Antenna?"

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 1 ก.ค. 2024
  • Learn the basics of antennas in this informative presentation. You'll find out the basic terms used for measuring antennas as well as the types of antennas out there and what makes them different. Go to www.solidsignal.com for more information!
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ความคิดเห็น • 97

  • @michiganmotorsports
    @michiganmotorsports 4 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    November 2019 Best simple explanation I've seen. Subbed

  • @alexfrye1812
    @alexfrye1812 5 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    WOW, great video for anyone who wants to understand the basics. like myself. thanks

  • @bagglebuttered1379
    @bagglebuttered1379 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Very helpful for the future and where it's leading. Thank you.

  • @gauharrehman1716
    @gauharrehman1716 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    you made it so easy to understand even for a new to radio frequncy.

  • @dell9608
    @dell9608 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    simple and best explanations; thank you!

  • @joelolenga1352
    @joelolenga1352 8 ปีที่แล้ว +15

    one of the best explanation, simple and concise; thank you!

    • @ahmdabdallah2132
      @ahmdabdallah2132 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      joel olenga ⚠️ God has said in the Quran:
      🔵 { O mankind, worship your Lord, who created you and those before you, that you may become righteous - ( 2:21 )
      🔴 [He] who made for you the earth a bed [spread out] and the sky a ceiling and sent down from the sky, rain and brought forth thereby fruits as provision for you. So do not attribute to Allah equals while you know [that there is nothing similar to Him]. ( 2:22 )
      🔵 And if you are in doubt about what We have sent down upon Our Servant [Muhammad], then produce a surah the like thereof and call upon your witnesses other than Allah, if you should be truthful. ( 2:23 )
      🔴 But if you do not - and you will never be able to - then fear the Fire, whose fuel is men and stones, prepared for the disbelievers.( 2:24 )
      🔵 And give good tidings to those who believe and do righteous deeds that they will have gardens [in Paradise] beneath which rivers flow. Whenever they are provided with a provision of fruit therefrom, they will say, "This is what we were provided with before." And it is given to them in likeness. And they will have therein purified spouses, and they will abide therein eternally. ( 2:25 )
      ⚠️ Quran

  • @gort400
    @gort400 7 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Thank You...I learned something!

  • @99-bits
    @99-bits 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Very brief explanation

  • @SP-mp9yi
    @SP-mp9yi 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    loved it thanks

  • @Biruk_Technicians-1990
    @Biruk_Technicians-1990 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    How to design frequency,gain and distances of picks up the signal for Radio(AM and RF)? And can wifi antena use for Radio ? If not! What is the case?

  • @franciskapopo8088
    @franciskapopo8088 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    well explained

  • @newforestpixie5297
    @newforestpixie5297 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Basic Basic Knowledge for Americans stuck in England where Antennas are what Insects have extending from their heads - so Antennas get called Ariels instead whilst Broadcast Towers often get separately labelled as Mobile Phone Masts ( which are very unpopular in spite of nearly everyone under 70 using one regularly ) - and TV & Radio Transmitters which generally go unnoticed or ignored as mere things on hill tops ‘in the middle of nowhere ‘ (unless you enjoy fantastic views or are an “ Anorak “ - a sub genre of Geek or Nerd whom photographs them - and Trains , but which are essential for all old fashioned folk that lack Sky tv but have intellect )
    Hope this helps as well as the presentation does 😁👍

  • @arshsandhu7889
    @arshsandhu7889 8 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    simple and concise explanation

    • @snehalatapradhan9911
      @snehalatapradhan9911 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      Antenna is transmitting and receiving electromagnetics wave and vice versa.

    • @stevefukuchi4023
      @stevefukuchi4023 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      Arsh Sandhu I

  • @huongque4092
    @huongque4092 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    great!

  • @kennethschultz6465
    @kennethschultz6465 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    This is in one of the best antenne in TH-cam!!
    Greetings from Denmark 🇩🇰🖖🙏👍
    HAM Class A 1982. OZ1***
    Next time explain DBd Vs DBi ..
    Why you subtract 2.15 to get real DBd !! Not
    High sales DBi !! Like RMS Vs 1000Hz

  • @barrygaynor1025
    @barrygaynor1025 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Which TV antenna is the best?

  • @TBoneZone
    @TBoneZone 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    It would be nice to see a more Graphic and Visual Learning Environment.

  • @TheOpticalFreak
    @TheOpticalFreak ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you I learned a lot!
    But i would still like to know: does a bigger antenna mean you can hear signals from farther away!? And ehat type of antenna is best for that, depending on the frequency of the signal!?

    • @SolidSignalNovi
      @SolidSignalNovi  ปีที่แล้ว

      A larger antenna isn't always the answer... it depends on what channels you want to get. Solid Signal does free antenna recommendations if you call us at 888-233-7563

  • @vitobellezza
    @vitobellezza 5 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    Actually, the Yagi antenna was not invented by a man named Yagi but by a man named Uda. Mr. Yagi filed the patent on behalf of mr Uda but put his name on it.

    • @jamesk0ua
      @jamesk0ua 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      AND that antenna identified as a Yagi was not a Yagi. It was a Log Periodic. At least the back half was. The forward part is a type of Yagi, sort of. with a parabolic corner reflector... but I digress.

    • @genesky61
      @genesky61 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Truth and Quality
      Practical and Useful Information.
      ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Many Humans are Crazy for the word Yagi.
      They think all antennas are Yagi.
      The Truth is , True Yagi antennas are very
      narrow band width antennas not real
      suitable for wide band with Tv reception.
      The Truth is a better antenna for reception
      across a wide band width such as and not
      limited to Tv channels is Log Periodic Antenna.
      Even so , many antennas and not all antennas
      are made up of 2 sections , Log Periodic at the
      back of the antenna for the VHF Tv channels.
      ------
      Front of the antenna , A Modified Yagi ,
      for the UHF Tv channels. A Modified Yagi is not
      a true Yagi.
      That is the Truth.
      If you will go deeper in to the subject ,
      many books and internet information.

    • @LightGuardian-ed8zl
      @LightGuardian-ed8zl ปีที่แล้ว

      Correct

  • @bramfm
    @bramfm 4 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Nice, one remark: mHz = milli Herz, MHz = mega Herz.

  • @user-yh6xx8dp8k
    @user-yh6xx8dp8k 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    ใช้ Math ตัวไหนทำเสาอากาศ

  • @zazugee
    @zazugee ปีที่แล้ว

    just the explanation of the Yagi actually don't apply for the standard yagi, it was made that way, so that the directors elements interfer with the waves in such a way that it cancels waves that are at a large angle and make the whole antenna directive, and higher gain
    the modern yagi antenna re actuall a mix of a yagi and a log periodic antenna or a mix of 2 different yagi antennas disigned for different frequencies bands

  • @robbiekipping1124
    @robbiekipping1124 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Simple is good

  • @anjithhanumandla2764
    @anjithhanumandla2764 6 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Easily to understand this lessons ' xlent '

  • @KrypticPatriot
    @KrypticPatriot ปีที่แล้ว

    Hmmm from a wire to a field would be a better description. As we know antennas work in a vacuum where there is no "air".

  • @sridharchitta7321
    @sridharchitta7321 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    What is radiation? How is a transverse wave produced?
    What is refraction?
    Light is an electromagnetic wave comprising electric and magnetic field pulsations or variations in strength at each point in the space.
    It is a form of radiated waves of pulsating electric and magnetic fields.
    They are produced by accelerated electric charge which produce a transverse electric field which propagates outward from the accelerated charge. The radiated fields constitute a wave travelling through space.
    The fields don't travel, the wave does. Yhe fields pulsate in strength.
    This is best visualised by a rope, one end of which is fixed to a wall and the loose end held some distance away.
    The loose end when moved up and down creates a wave travelling.
    Notice how the molecules of the rope near the wall have not travelled to the loose end.
    The snake-like shape in the form of a sinewave and travelling movement you see is the overall effect of the up and down movement of the molecules of the rope.
    The same happens with the strength of electric and magnetic fields of radio waves and light.
    There are no sinewaves in space! It is the strength of the electric field say, which we plot of a radio wave which has a pattern of a sinewave.
    When a radio wave or rather the fields of the wave encounter matter, they set into motion the atoms in the material. The acceleration they produce of the charges that make up the atoms and molecules in matter, produce electromagnetic waves and these are reradiated fields.
    The incident and reradiated fields combine to produce a resultant wave.
    These resultant waves constitute the fields in reflection and refraction.
    Watch the following videos to get an idea of radiation by an accelerated charge and an oscillating charge.
    Video 1 Field lines for a particle moving with high speed
    www1.astrophysik.uni-kiel.de/~hhaertel/Videos/large-velocity.mp4
    Video 2 Field lines for an oscillating particle in 2D
    www1.astrophysik.uni-kiel.de/~hhaertel/Videos/oscillation-2d.mp4
    Video 3 Field lines for an oscillating particle in 3D
    www1.astrophysik.uni-kiel.de/~hhaertel/Videos/fast-osc-particle.mp4
    To learn more see "Electric and Magnetic Interactions" by Chabay and Sherwood
    www.matterandinteractions.org
    or
    Fundamentals of electric theory and circuits by Sridhar Chitta
    www.wileyindia.com/fundamentals-of-electric-theory-and-circuits.html
    The book by Sridhar Chitta, begins with the fundamentals of charge, electric field, surface charge, current, voltage, simple circuit, parallel circuit, capacitors and capacitive reactance, inductors, inductive reactance, induced fields and transmission line effects, antennas and wave propagation, and waveguides. The topics described in the book, make a distinct unified approach to electrostatics and circuits lending precision and clarity to the topics which is not found in most text books.
    The book comes alongwith a CD with animated power point presentations for all chapters and voltage regulator, RC phase shift oscillators and differential amplifiers included additionally.
    There is a "look inside" feature in the amazon.com webpage of the book "Fundamentals of electric theory and circuits" by Sridhar Chitta with a few pages of Chapter 1 which may be viewed and also which you may swipe left or press < icon to view the foreword, preface and Table of Contents.
    For a nice video on antenna and radiation visit th-cam.com/video/-F7KYLO4Bkg/w-d-xo.html
    For a lecture by Prof Ruth Chabay on radiation and reradiation, watch from the 59.0 minute
    th-cam.com/video/VKqCI9pU3QI/w-d-xo.html
    There is a full set of lectures beginning lecture 13 here on surface charges, electric fields, simple circuits, capacitance, inductance, faraday's law, motional emf, magnetic forces and more topics here
    matterandinteractions.org/videos/EM.html

  • @cyrusIIIII
    @cyrusIIIII 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    What in Antenna affects the frequency that it can receive? Is that geometry? type of material? size?

    • @SolidSignalNovi
      @SolidSignalNovi  7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      It's the size of the antenna as a fraction of the wavelength.

    • @charlesbrightman4237
      @charlesbrightman4237 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Along those lines, with the increased cosmic radiation that is going to impact this Earth this century:
      "Batteryless Battery"????
      a. Small aluminum cones with an electrical wire running through the center of the cones, cones spaced apart (not touching I'm thinking) but end to end.
      b. Electromagnetic radiation energy in the atmosphere interacts with the aluminum cones.
      c. Jostled atoms and molecules in the cone eventually have some electrons try to get away from other electrons of which those electrons gather at the larger end of the cone, of which also creates an area of positive charge at the smaller end of the cone.
      d. The electron's in the wire are attracted to the positive end of the cone and the positive 'end' in the wire are attracted to the negatively charged end of the cone.
      e. Basically a 'battery' has been created inside the electrical wire itself, different areas of electrical potential. Basically a 'wire battery' or a 'batteryless battery', however one wanted to call it.
      f. Numerous cones placed end to end increases the number of 'batteries' in the wire.
      Then of course, one could take that generated dc electricity to split H2O into H2 and O2 of which could be burned or utilized in a hydrogen fuel cell to get the electricity back with a byproduct of basically pure water. Species need pure water too.
      With the increased cosmic radiation that is going to be impacting this Earth this century as well as possibly a mini-ice age, might as well put that cosmic radiation to work for us.

  • @fundamentals7377
    @fundamentals7377 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    does dish antennas use omni directional antenna to receive max signal from all directions?

    • @SolidSignalNovi
      @SolidSignalNovi  5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Dish shaped antennas aren't omnidirectional. Omnidirectional antennas look like flying saucers.

    • @fundamentals7377
      @fundamentals7377 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@SolidSignalNovi so dish antennas are simply parabolic reflectors?
      can you explain in detail the mechanism involved in reception of tv signals for dish antennas!

    • @SolidSignalNovi
      @SolidSignalNovi  5 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@fundamentals7377 That's a bit too much for a youtube comment. If you would like to start a public thread at forum.solidsignal.com we can discuss all your questions in detail.

    • @SonofGodly
      @SonofGodly 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      No, signal is by centering the lpn directly at the satellite,,satellite dish reflex signal to the lpn , than trough cable to TV

  • @UltraRik
    @UltraRik 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    How to catch Thz frequencies?

  • @genesky61
    @genesky61 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Truth and Quality
    Practical and Useful Information.
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    The word is Transfer , Not Pull In.
    Antennas Do Not Work Like a Vacuum Cleaner.

  • @Dirac0655
    @Dirac0655 9 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    4:10 mHz is Hz/1000 or mili Hertz, Mega Hertz is MHz

  • @emoryschley5546
    @emoryschley5546 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    What you show as a Yagi antenna does not appear to be a Yagi-Uda, but a log periodic instead.

    • @kennethschultz6465
      @kennethschultz6465 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Nop a logperiodic is Arrow like with 90° cophased elements
      That was a multibane yagi he showed !! To TV /radio
      K2 makes multiband beams aswell for HAM use

  • @ooDriveoo
    @ooDriveoo 8 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    uhm the tower does not radiate, the antennas mounted on the tower do.

    • @todkapuz
      @todkapuz 6 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      well unless we are talking about AM radio, then yes the tower itself IS the antenna, as optimal length of the radiating element is approaching 75 meters / 250 feet. Do s search for "mast radiator" or "radiating tower". And often, you will find several seemingly the same sized towers in a row with nearly equal spacing... you are actually seeing a directional (gain) antenna for low frequencies... if its two then a phased array, if more then effectively a yagi antenna (see "tower array"). Sometimes you will see a grid of 4 or 9 antennas in a square that are shorter and your looking at a direction finding array for aircraft.

  • @SP-mp9yi
    @SP-mp9yi 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    One question that's driving me nuts:
    If I double the antenna size will I double or improve the gain ?

    • @SP-mp9yi
      @SP-mp9yi 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      DX Commander agh I think I follow thats a great start thank you, so the size of the antenna is specific to what your trying to capture and it cant be changed.
      I’m trying to get a cell phone signal at a remote property in the 700mhz region and the best I’ve seen is a 16 gain Yagi from ZDA, my thought was to just use a giant TV Yagi, so is it possible to use multiple of the specific size to try and capture more of the specific signal and then try to connect it to one feed ?

    • @SolidSignalNovi
      @SolidSignalNovi  4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@SP-mp9yi @dx commander is right.

    • @SP-mp9yi
      @SP-mp9yi 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Solid Signal So am I right to say each frequency has a maximum antenna size ?
      One other question guys do antennas catch signal only so they amplify what is already there or can they also fetch signal ?
      What I mean by that is if I point the antenna at a area that has good reception but not a tower that doesn’t reach my zone can it connect a path back ? Oppose to having to direct the antenna at a tower that may be out of site ?
      Back to the question of maximum size if I needed more gain from the possible signal would I be able to do it by doubling the maximum size antennas so having 2 4 or even 6 of them going into one feed ? More antennas not bigger ones going into the feed ?

    • @SolidSignalNovi
      @SolidSignalNovi  4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      S P antennas are passive. They can only receive what is coming at them. You can combine multiple antennas for more gain but you only net about 2dB from the second antenna.

    • @SP-mp9yi
      @SP-mp9yi 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Solid Signal Super Fantastic Thank you very much.
      I actually rewatched your video and things sank in a lot further the 3 time, if the signal is not at the location no array of antennas will help and multiple of the right sizes gives about 2 gain not the full 16.
      So my only test left will be to try and install the 16dbi Yagi’s in front of old satellite dishes at a 45 degree angle to try and match the cell towers waves.
      If that fails I will initiate plan G move to the city.
      Thanks again and happy thanksgiving.

  • @SkyhawkSteve
    @SkyhawkSteve 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    The statement "a loop antenna is a type of dipole antenna" is not supported by anything I've seen elsewhere. A loop antenna senses the magnetic portion of the electromagnetic field, while the dipole senses the electric field.

    • @SolidSignalNovi
      @SolidSignalNovi  7 ปีที่แล้ว

      www.antenna-theory.com/antennas/foldeddipole.php

    • @SkyhawkSteve
      @SkyhawkSteve 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_antenna

    • @SkyhawkSteve
      @SkyhawkSteve 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      to follow up to my comment, the next page of the antenna theory site discusses small loop antennas, and makes the point that it utilizes primarily the magnetic field.

  • @coziii.1829
    @coziii.1829 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    You don’t do ham radio do you

  • @UltraRik
    @UltraRik 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Are solar panels antennas?

  • @duydangdroid
    @duydangdroid 5 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    4:36 I get my gain at the gym

  • @beeftimer
    @beeftimer 10 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    A negative 3dB loss would be a twice the power, not half.

    • @aa6945
      @aa6945 6 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      3 dB loss would halve the power, not double it.

    • @SonofGodly
      @SonofGodly 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Than make a video

  • @larsc4714
    @larsc4714 7 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Then why would a dish not be better than a yagi to pick up UHF?

    • @SolidSignalNovi
      @SolidSignalNovi  7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      It would, but then you would only be able to focus on a very small area, and it would have to be a very large dish to deal with the larger VHF waves.

    • @RickPaquin
      @RickPaquin 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      @Fact Checker Antennas similar to the 4251 are STILL made today for cable head end systems. They are huge and I'm quite sure VERY expensive, and they would require a heavy duty tower.

  • @charlesbrightman4237
    @charlesbrightman4237 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    "Batteryless Battery"????
    a. Small aluminum cones with an electrical wire running through the center of the cones, cones spaced apart (not touching I'm thinking) but end to end.
    b. Electromagnetic radiation energy in the atmosphere interacts with the aluminum cones.
    c. Jostled atoms and molecules in the cone eventually have some electrons try to get away from other electrons of which those electrons gather at the larger end of the cone, of which also creates an area of positive charge at the smaller end of the cone.
    d. The electron's in the wire are attracted to the positive end of the cone and the positive 'end' in the wire are attracted to the negatively charged end of the cone.
    e. Basically a 'battery' has been created inside the electrical wire itself, different areas of electrical potential. Basically a 'wire battery' or a 'batteryless battery', however one wanted to call it.
    f. Numerous cones placed end to end increases the number of 'batteries' in the wire.
    Then of course, one could take that generated dc electricity to split H2O into H2 and O2 of which could be burned or utilized in a hydrogen fuel cell to get the electricity back with a byproduct of basically pure water. Species need pure water too.
    With the increased cosmic radiation that is going to be impacting this Earth this century as well as possibly a mini-ice age, might as well put that cosmic radiation to work for us.

  • @gingerelvira6587
    @gingerelvira6587 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Ok ...But What IS an Intenna??

  • @emile235
    @emile235 7 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    No actual information on HOW an antenna receives

    • @SonofGodly
      @SonofGodly 5 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      watch it again and pay attention,,,its in there

  • @richardcummings3468
    @richardcummings3468 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    It's an aerial.

  • @krisraps
    @krisraps 20 วันที่ผ่านมา

    I Got Pocket Full Of Gain

  • @todkapuz
    @todkapuz 6 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    eeehhhh? I mean I get your doing this for a technically illteriate crowd, but some of this stuff is a bit far off base. For example a true yagi absoultely is about the interaction of the elements at a close proximity. THe antenna your showing is a hybrid of a few but mostly a log-periodic.... but anyhow... and then the whole thing about distance and digital... the signal itself is exactly the same as analogue and works exactly the same way, the only difference is error correction in digital means it produces a visual image that is shapr until the point that the signal-to-noise ratio introduces too many errors into the decoder. This has nothing to do with antennas (well I mean yes, if you have a more directional, aka higher gain, antenna then yes you can pull more signal, but exactly the same amount of signal as analog). Monopole is not JUST a telescopic antenna, and its wrong to say as such. And no antenna is rated by the distance it will receive. The distance it will receive is a function of the transmitted power, the frequency, height above the ground of transmitter and receiver antennas, the gain of transmitter and reciver antennas, and then any propogration effects (not significant in tv, but very significant in AM broadcast).

    • @vamsikrishna4107
      @vamsikrishna4107 6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      todkapuz whats illteriate? 😂😂😂

    • @SonofGodly
      @SonofGodly 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      just wise up and you wont be total loser

  • @DavidBrown-jk2pm
    @DavidBrown-jk2pm 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Antennas do not "PULL IN a signal from the air." Nothing to do with pulling or air.

  • @psaxton3
    @psaxton3 7 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I'm just beginning to understand antenna science. Your discussion of gain doesn't match up with what I've been reading. Gain is measured relative to a theoretically isomorphic antenna. Positive gain is achieved by focusing the antenna in one direction.

    • @HarmanRobotics
      @HarmanRobotics 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Isotropic is the word you are looking for, and yes, their explanation is wrong - as are many other things in this video.

    • @newforestpixie5297
      @newforestpixie5297 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@HarmanRobotics my American to English translations somewhere above are correct though. 😁

  • @doylejones8688
    @doylejones8688 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Chicks love to play with my antenna!🤦🏻‍♂️🤣

  • @christiansarti5167
    @christiansarti5167 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    fa schifo

  • @bubblehead78
    @bubblehead78 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Had to stop watching when you said you sent a signal through the broadcast tower. I know you meant to an antenna mounted on the tower, however for folks with no knowledge of this stuff, this is misleading.

  • @chrisknight6884
    @chrisknight6884 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    This actually a poor explanation. The examples given are too simplified and misleading. I take particular umbrage at the 'Yagi' explanation. This is not how a Yagi works at all, what he is showing is a multi-band TV antenna and he explains how the bands are separated not how a Yagi actually works. This video is aimed at a consumer level and should not be used for any serious understanding of antenna theory as many concepts are flawed in order to keep it short.

    • @ihteramulhaq786
      @ihteramulhaq786 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

      weBoost best channel about antenna's information

  • @erin19030
    @erin19030 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    im fuckin bored already