ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 30 มิ.ย. 2024
- For millennia, we mostly had to make do with natural pigments and dyes, but in the last 300 years or so, chemical synthesis has revolutionized the colors of our world.
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Sources:
Prussian blue
www.chemistryworld.com/podcas...
pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/comp...
www.acs.org/content/acs/en/mo...
www.fastcompany.com/1588812/l...
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books.google.com/books?id=qsP...
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www.researchgate.net/publicat...
Mauveine
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www.victorianweb.org/science/p...
www.pysanky.info/Chemical_Dyes...
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library.si.edu/exhibition/colo...
blog.melscience.com/en/2015-02...
www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-n...
YInMn
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www.npr.org/2016/07/16/4856962...
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www.thinkstockphotos.com/image...
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www.thinkstockphotos.com/image...|Images%20similar%20to:%20462528861|462528861/f=CPIHVX/s=DynamicRank
www.thinkstockphotos.com/image...
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermili...
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
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commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
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Thanks to some commenters, we noticed a mistake in this video. Aromatic rings are only formed when every other carbon atom is held together with a double bond, but carbon rings can have other combinations of bonds too.
What about the comments that say your title is misleading? Those seem a bit important.
Umm... that's still incorrect. Aromatic rings are NOT Kekulé structures. Benzene and other aromatic compounds are characterised by the delocalisation of some of the bonding electrons effectively forming one and 'a half' bonds. Any phrasing along those lines would be much more accurate than repeating 19th Century educated guesses about the chemical structure of benzene. Of course, to be more accurate you would have to explain electron orbitals and how we can use orbitals to explain chemical bonding etc, which would be a bit much for a video that is not specifically covering aromaticity.
If you want to talk about why it is traditionally drawn as alternating single and double bonds, simply mention that this was the first approximate structure conceived for benzene and it is still used due to tradition though it is now regarded as inaccurate.
Getting high school (at least in the UK) chemistry wrong and then not acknowledging that you've got it wrong is more than a little concerning...
George Laidlaw I mean, it's a hard and fast rule for identifying aromatic compounds in under 5 seconds. It's a GROSS oversimplification of Hückel's rule, but it works for simplicity's sake.
When I was training to become a science teacher (though I never fully qualified for various reasons), one of the key things we were taught was do not teach misconceptions for the sake of simplicity. You should not have to completely reteach a child every time they advance to the next stage of their science education and teaching in a manner that requires you to do so is wasteful and unfair on pupils. They could have not talked about benzene at all (avoiding teaching two misconceptions) or they could have just said benzene has a unique structure and not gone into delocalisation etc. Anything other than saying benzene is the Kekulé structure because it isn't and no modern chemistry teacher would ever say it was if they are worth their salt. Teaching students that benzene is actually the Kekulé structure will lead them to form completely incorrect assumptions about its chemistry such as expecting it to readily undergo addition reactions as alkenes and cycloalkenes do.
As for hard and fast ways of identifying aromatic compounds diagramatically, well you can identify them most easily when they are drawn in the modern manner as a single-bonded ring with a circle inside it. This prevents any possible confusion for a molecule that does contain three double bonds in a ring structure, though I don't think any such hydrocarbons exist. Most importantly, it reinforces the fact that benzene and its derivatives are not the Kekulé structure!
For identifying it in a sample, aromatic compounds have a unique NMR profile due to delocalisation and they have unique 'one and a half' bond lengths identifiable through X-ray diffraction. However, you cannot identify them in the same manner you would identify alkenes such as by mixing the sample with small quantity of bromine solution to see if it decolourises the solution. Benzene is not a heavily unsaturated hydrocarbon and thus does not undergo addition reactions as easily as alkenes.
Seriously though. This video has a lot of really interesting information in it. But the more click-bait sounding titles I see on this channel the less serious and credible it becomes. There are videos of SciShow's that I've even *skipped* because the title looked click-baity and I knew I wasn't going to learn what was implied. That is not a good thing for the channel and it's not a good thing for the credibility of the youtube edu community as a whole.
Did anyone else read the title and thought that the scientists actually just thought of 3 brand new colors and not pigments?
Nicolas Gleason-Boure yes, being clickbaited by science channel is just... sad
Nicolas Gleason-Boure yeah it's a clickbait title
Nicolas Gleason-Boure if title was correct, you might not click to video.
Nicolas Gleason-Boure we can’t just think up colors tho, It’s impossible. At least in our heads, anyway
Nicolas Gleason-Boure yeah it's a little bit clickbaity
They discovered dyes and pigments, not colors. That's like describing Newton's invention of calculus as "discovering numbers."
(*clears throat) Archimedes of Samos is to blame for the creation of calculus..
kinda like the Columbus America discovery subject... yeah he helped other significant individuals find what was previously "unknown" but knowledge of The Americas existence was already known to millions (those who inhabited the land) anywho Archimedes layed out the heart of calculus in black and white well over a thousand years before Newton was born.
D'Eric Profet
Uh, Roman coins have been found in America, as in dug up from archeological sites. So, I think a lot more ancient societies new of the continent's existence than history textbooks tell us.
Ocean Bagel Newton did not invent calculous, you have Gottfried Leibniz to thank for that. Newton was a no good theif whos only real claim to fame were his physics theories, half of which are easily disproved today by modern quantum mechanics and large scale studies of celestial bodies :/
D'Eric Profet You are not quite right either, Archimedes did introduce new mathematical ideas, however these were closer to trigonometry and not true calculus as defined today. If you want to pin point when the ideas that eventually lead to modern calculus came about you would have to look to Egypt in 1820 BC.
Uh, no. Occam's Razor, friend, look it up. Assuming your story is even true, do you really think a single coin proves the Romans made it to the Americas all this time? Because to me, all it says is that ancient coins can be circulated after the fact and these coins are lost and dropped all the time, this one happening to be in the vicinity of an archaeological site, possibly from a collector, or hell a thief for that matter. If you have any more evidence, please, I'm listening.
"Three brand new colors" I wouldn't call the first two colors brand new, maybe recent-ish.
Nobody important Brand new at the time obviously.
I think they probably meant the other variants of Yinmin blue 😅
I wouldn't consider event to be recent-ish if no one currently alive could have witnessed it.
Everything is pretty recent in context of humanity's years,
Time passing is relative, title is accurate, and grammatically correct, but could have been better worded to indicate what recent meant in this instance.
Before watching the video I was like: how will my monitor display this color if it's new?! Turns out it's blue.
There are many colors your monitor can't display. Cyan is one of them.
To convince yourself, lookup "eclipse of mars illusion".
I don't know if your monitor can display true yinmn blue. Probably not, it looks like a very pure color and monitors have trouble displaying these, depends on the gamut.
gubx42
Just looked it up; awesome.
Your monitor can display 16777216 different colors. By the way, cyan is one of them, including the variant of cyan generated by that illusion.
Did you really try? Because for me, the difference is obvious between the shades of cyan displayed by my monitor and the color generated by the illusion.
What a RGB monitor can display is a far from pure cyan. Pure cyan would have a negative red value, which is, of course, physically impossible. However, that's exactly the trick the illusion is pulling, it takes advantage of the way your vision adjusts to simulate negative red for a short amount of time.
The reason even pure red, green and blue usually can't be displayed is that subpixels aren't monochromatic, and to make things even worse, the sRGB calibration standard used by most monitors is even more restrictive. And the furthest you are from red, green and blue, the least pure colors can be, cyan and yellow being the worst.
Yes, I noticed the obvious difference between what the illusion produced and the shade of cyan displayed in the image. That's beside my point though. I said "the variant of cyan generated by that illusion", not "the variant of cyan from within the image". The point is that, if I tried, I could definitely find the color in the RGB color range that the illusion _did_ produce. Everything I've said here has been in complete disregard of the cyan color displayed on that image. I actually have no idea why that's there.
YInMn Blue was named ‘Blutiful’ by Crayola fans.
Blutiful, Boaty McBoatface, that’s what you get when you ask the Internet to be imaginative.
Now let's all agree to never be creative again.
Wouldn't it be Bluety McBlueface?
John OBrien Gardener thanks!
You may have missed the reference...
It's about as Crayolish as Mauvelous.
missleading title - not cool!
average0citizen scishow stooping to clickbait. Saad.
agreed
Color Definition: The appearance that things have that results from the way in which they reflect light. The title is accurate.
Nope Nope but pigments would be more accurate
Misleading title, the 'brand new' should be removed.
I guess the title is about the Oregon State University discovery
that was only 1 of them though
Xplosio Lee and “color” should be replaced with “pigments”
Color Definition: The appearance that things have that results from the way in which they reflect light. The title is accurate.
did you even read the comment? we are talking about the fact they called a 300 year old discovery 'brand new'
You should change the title, it's extremely misleading.
Yeah, this is getting clickbait-ey.
Agreed. Nothing "new" it's all old news
"3 Relatively New Pigments"
I absolutely agree. SciShow, only one of these color discoveries qualifies as brand new (if even). Not even mashing up/in history into your videos will make the other two discoveries qualify as brand new. Your title does not accurately describe what's in the video, therefore it is CLICKBAIT. Please, do not become like some other youtube channels.
Would you have clicked on a video with a title like "3 pigments discovered by accident"? I wouldn't have and I regret having watched it. So this clearly is clickbait.
The video is interesting even if the title is totally misleading. It's like when Apple say they invent something by updating a software.
Quick Fix lol😂
Yeah, no kidding. Leaving the word dye out of the title changes the meaning to something nonsensical, as if someone said they'd "invented" a number.
Quick Fix you *can* invent something by updating software... Although I get what you mean
Mother: Is he sick?
Doctor: I'm afraid so. Your son is suffering from heavy metal contamination.
Son: *opens mouth* *awesome guitar solo comes out*
Mother: So sick...
The sickest.
THE SICKEST GUITAR TRICKS
came here searching for that comment
Luckily, some IV Prussian Blue ought to fix him right up.
Why does it need to be renamed?
Just call it Yinmin Blue, makes sense, easy to say and hints to its origin. I personally like it.
And it's a super pretty blue, btw
I agree
Mini Manta - Crayola crayon companies fans named it Blutiful, which sounds pathetic to me.
John OBrien Gardener
...and sounds a bit like the Germanic word-stem for blood (german: blut, Swedish: blod) which means it's a really weird name if your a native speaker of those languages.
Paint companies will probably call it Yinmin, Prussian Blue is still called Prussian Blue after all. Crayola just likes to rename everything.
Businesses daring to create lines of trademarked products using unique names? The audacity.
Title is clickbait.
Casey Mar Nor can our eyes see it without special equipment. But its easy to talk right?
+Casey Mar new colors detected by machines that we can't see was my assumption. But why again is the science Channel intentionally making false claims?
Color Definition: The appearance that things have that results from the way in which they reflect light. The title is accurate.
>Brand New
>Only one color from the past decade
Ok
No, if you look at the video after the discovery of the new blue material, near the end of the video, you can see,that scientists added other elements, and so got new colours: purple, green, orange, with probably the same caracteristics as the blue one. So: more then one colour of the past decade. The title of this video is no clickbait. I subscribed a while ago, because I am very interested in science, and found out, that SciShow not only makes very interesting videos, but provides us with true information also.
It it physically impossible to imagine a brand new color.
There are other colors, but there is no way we can even imagine them, or see them.
Just try it, it'll break ur brain
I count Light Blue and cyan as 2 different colors. Just saying.
How if we'd able see other colors using future technology?
(Told just being hypothetic)
A new color!? Are you kidding me!?
No seriously is it?
New pigments anyway.
shades actually
ITS STILL BLUE FTW
No, that's... erm... not how the visible light spectrum works...
It’s not a new colour (so the title is misleading) it’s a pigment that itself has that colour, which is new
Frigging clickbait...
kitty!
gtfo kotonoha you cray-cray
i mean meow
"3 Brand new colors that scientists discovered" sounds, (to people without the common sense you mention), like a video about finding someone that sees more colours than all other humans, rather than the history of a couple dyes.
"3 dyes made possible by science" would be less misleading to the broader TH-cam audience.
I'm not the dumb one, it's the people who find this in the recommended sidebar and think it's actually about inventing new colors.
I've had discussions with them, they're real, it's sad.
Casey Mar so you cant invite the prospect that people might be clicking on it out of doubt and curiosity?
carbon rings do not require a double bond. take cyclohexane for example
Probably meant planar rings
Did Scishow just misdescribe benzene (and aromatic compounds more generally) by describing them as alternating double and single bonds without explaining that is an approximate structure and altogether disregard alicyclic compounds as a class of organic chemicals?
To clarify, for those who don't know, benzene and other aromatic compounds do not have an alternating double and single carbon-carbon bond structure. Instead, all the bonds in benzene are longer than double bonds but shorter than single bonds so it would be more accurate to say they are one and a half bonds if anything. Aromatic compounds are unique because some of the bonding electrons are delocalised and shared evenly between all the bonding atoms in the ring structure. This gives aromatic compounds unique properties and more stability than one would naively expect from their chemical formula. In the case of benzene, each carbon atom has an additional electron left over after forming single bonds to its two carbon neighbours and hydrogen and it is this electron which becomes delocalised across the entire ring. This was first understood by describing benzene as a resonance hybrid of two contributing resonance structures each a different pattern of alternating single and double bonds. Hence, benzene is often drawn as a ring of alternating double and single bonds even though this is now understood to be an incomplete and inaccurate representation of its structure.
Alicyclic compounds are basically all the cyclic compounds where this delocalisation does not occur, which is the vast majority of them. Aromatic compounds, due to their unique properties, are very important and useful but alicyclic compounds are also very common and important precusors to all sorts of industrial reactions as well as being useful as solvents in their own right.
Every time I hear a story of a chemist inventing something, it's always "He was trying to make X but failed, and then saw/tasted/inhaled it and knew it was something special."
C L I C K B A I T
Before watching this video, I was only vaguely understand the science behind (passive) colours...
Great explanation 💯👍
This video should have been titled "3 Colors Discovered by Sciencetists". The way it's currently titled makes it seem like they're new as in "recent" and not new as in "unknown before their discovery".
Love this mix of history, science and art. More of this please. Because you can have one with out the other, you just don't know what you're doing is all.
i thought these were going to be newly discovered colors based on the title lol not ones from hundreds of years ago!
same
Jackal Unleashed
4:38
Newly discovered colors
same
The title of this video was worse than the indirect spam messages I post for people to visit my channel! 😮
😂
Color Definition: The appearance that things have that results from the way in which they reflect light. The title is accurate.
They didnt discover a new appearance something could have, they discovered new ways to give it that appearance.
Almost everyone thought it had something to do with a new wavelength of light to be seen, not about a new pigment. And scishow must have known this, they used a clickbait title. They could have said “pigment” if they wanted to be honest
As a glassblowing student, I hope there's some way to incorporate YInMn blue and similar pigments into glass for more color variety.
Yes! I'd love to see more videos on color. Chromatology and optics in general are such amazing sciences.
Let me guess, they discovered these new colors in... Colorado.
Wanna be my dad?
Master Therion I shouldn't have liked this comment, but I got to represent my home state
OH YEAH, YA DAMN RIGHT THEY DID
Just deleted this because I misread the joke before the comment's edit :P woops. Anyways, now that the joke has been edited, might as well use this space to say that now that I know the joke isn't on weed, that it's hilarious, and props to the commenter.
Alex Hollingsworth "And thus, appeared the words 'Party-pooper'."
"heavy metal contaminate" does that mean too much Iron Maiden? If so then I have that disease
If I may suggest topics, you guys should talk about the process of pigmentation! Ultramarine blue, and lead white are quite fascinating examples of the ingenuity of early alchemy
Most higher-end paint brands still refer to it at Prussian blue. Oil pigments especially.
Turn on the rainbow and electrons end up having an atomic rave party.
What do you mean?
Why does it say brand new . I hate clickbait
because science dosent work on the same scale that humans do and so decades can be new
maxybaer123
decades old? not really. these are newly discovered colors.
Fun (?) fact: Diesbach discovered Prussian Blue while working in a laboratory belonging to "the real Dr. Frankenstein" and inventor of Dippel's oil, Johann Conrad Dippel.
I immediately thought of Bob Ross when he brought up Prussian Blue
So how many color are there?
dulez ninjaman - theoretically an infinite number, as shades can be a tiny bit different from each other, and the difference can be infinitesimal. So, say you have red and blue, the shades of purple between them are as infinite as the number of fractions between zero and one.
Like seven color
^^there are two types of people
jeffrey-the-potato no they are eight color
@Kevin Nolan: Is that actually true? Or is there a finite quantized states of wavelengths? The visible spectrum does have it limited. At least an upper and lower limit. But could there also be a limit to how devisable this spectrum is? And beyond that, you also come to troubles. At some level, you will have for example a single photon with enough energy that it would collapse into a black hole (an kugelblitz) if the wavelength is short enough. If there is a maximum state, a sort of lowest energy possible, I am not sure.
I can smell colours
alexander williams Terezi? Is that you? (I'm sorry I'll go back into the trashcan now)
I also have Synthesia, well, just a little.
No but, are you terezi, alexander williams?
alexander williams that is so cool
I used to work at Crayola and I was really excited when we got the release of our competition this year for the new crayon. They went with the contest entry "Blue-tiful"
I have a (maybe stupid) question. Imagine looking at something in a really good microscope, in nano size. So close that is is possible to "see" wavelength. Then the object you looking at would not have any color at all, because you're watching it at a nano level. So, which color would then came up in that microscope?
We only count... blue cars #only90skids
You don't "cure" heavy metal contamination! |m|_
Up the Irons!
Excellent video! I love the work that you guys do!
This video was surprisingly more interesting than I thought. Nice video
I would definitely buy a set of crayola crayons if it had them all called by the original dye names.
Taste the rainbow
rainbow popsicle
How was your username allowed
Ohhh I love M&Ms
I already knew this hint hint hint hint hint
It gives you cancer
All the excitements in chemistry happened in lab and those who don’t even have an opportunity to be in a lab while taking chemistry class have absolutely no chance to have such excitements. What a world.
this is really cool! just the right combination of my three favorite things: science, history, and art
Replace "brand new" with "most recent" and stop click baiting
I find the title of the video misleading..... Edit: I just realized 90% of the comments are about the title as well lmao, good to know were all on the same wavelength
You may not have given it a thought but that blue backgrund, simulating a blueprint, was originally a photocopying technique that resulted in prussian blue. It is also quite easy to make as a school/home experiment (everywhere else but Denmark).
Unfortunately however, in our memories, we can only remember basic shades of colors.
Disliked for the disappointing clickbait title, despite actually enjoying the content.
The only thing missing is the word "clickbait" next to the title.
Do we all see color the same way? Like is my green your blue? Or do we both see red as red, and so on?
I really love this explanation of complementary colors! Thank you SciShow!!!
Your detailed explanation have really paid off!
Your paycheck will be given in approximately 80 years.
Good video but the title must say Dyes to not get a dislike from me.
#dissapointed
This was actually an interesting video. Thanks!
This is all you could come up with? What about phthalocyanine pigments, quinacridones, perylenes, etc. or even cadmiums, cobalts, synthetic ultramarine, etc.? What about the incredibly important titanium white?
Clickbait title is clickbait.
Clickbait
I think "YInMn Blue" is a pretty cool name, but to be fair, if I hadn't watched this I would be asking, "Who was Yin Min?"
Wouldn´t it be cool, if crayola also addet some information about the history of the colors, like the discovery, previous uses ect?, just as a little nice, educational extra?
Terrible video title. The video is cool, but please don't be intellectually dishonest with your clickbait.
I like the content, I dislike the clickbait title. NO NEW COLORS WERE CREATED, DYES ARE NOT COLORS.
What about neon? I’ve always wondered how those colors seemed to have been invented in the 1980’s and have continued to get brighter, cleaner, and more vibrant.
Nice. Thanks for this info intel. Blue happens to be my favorite color. Followed by red. This is a blutiful blue!
C L I C C B A I T
I always discover new colours when i use lsd.
i like how you tried to low-key explain crystal field theory in 3 sentences :3
Super interesting! But now I have a question. What happens when you mix these colours together? Has there been cases where two dyes mixed together create unexpected compounds because of their chemical structure? How to paint and dye companies work around this??
Call one smurple
ocean man call one smorange
porgt is my favorite color
nothing misleading in the title. Blue is not just blue, red not only red and so on. These are all valid colours.
You didn't actually think scientists discovered something completely different like purbleen or bley
It is a bit misleading as they say "brand new" so people think it was recently discovered when it wasn't. Also because they said colors instead of pigments, which are two different things. But it's not that misleading to be upset about it.
Thats the entire point though. They discovered pigments, not colours. And yes, the title suggests they discovered something like "purbleen", which is why you go "No way! *clicks*". And then it turns out they didn't.
Sure they discovered pigments, but you can't discover a new pigment without discovering a new colour at the same time, since colour is just what the brain makes of our perception of the pigment.
You can't really discover a colour in itself, but something that leads the brain to the conclusion that we've just seen a new colour.
So, yes, you're right about the discovery being about a pigment, but to the brain it's a new colour. So we're both right. In that regard the title is a little unprecise, but finally not misleading.
It's "unprecise" in the sense that "colour" can here mean "We discovered a new substance to be used as a colouring agent, to be added to our existing set of such substances". Most people on a glance would probably read it as "We discovered a new colour." Which of course makes no sense, but thats what makes it Clickbait, something proposed that gets people excited, but then isn't there.
Mind blown about the chemistry complexity in making something look purple or blue.
Finally a video explaining how pigments work!
Hey can you make a video explaining why red and orange are so similar, but none of the other colors of the rainbow are really similar to each? Like, every red and every orange are pretty close to each other, but it's easy to get a blue and a green that are very different.
I finally understand how we can see colours that aren't on the visible spectrum. that's been bugging me for years!
wow i cant believe ive never seen these colors before!!
Great topic
Scishow I got n interesting question. Since light is a wave, is it possible to hear how colors sound?
Can you do a video on callous (skin stiffening and Harding on the feet or hands)
Came here expecting something to do with human perception, optical illusions, something like that, involving colors in human perception that don't physically exist. Something like that would be super interesting and could reasonably be described as discovering brand new colors.
Instead I got a history overview of decades-old dyes.
Does anyone else have a problem with the fact that the color wheel describing complimentary colors aren't RGB and CYM? Something that looks red is absorbing green and blue light, not just green.
I'm OK with the click bait title! You guys not to number 43 on trending this is awesome 👏 ! Spreading science knowledge is vital!
and don't forget : thin paint will stick to a thick paint, if it's too thick just add the tiniest amount of paint thinner, there
isn't it crazy how the colors we perceive are all based on how an object is shaped on a nano-scale? blows my mind every time I think about it 🤔
It's aromatic rings that can only be formed with alternating bonds. Carbon rings can be formed with any type of carbon bond.
to be able to see genuine new colors we must have eyes that can detect larger segment of wave lengths & a brain that can analyze them
Anyone else who takes art will know about Prussian Blue from their Acryllic set.
My friends: wow such a pretty blue
Me: I'm colorblind
Purple dye was so expensive that royal blood was referred to as purpurus
I wonder what colour I am now, I'm quite excited about this video right now!
I have a question. when I got my ears pierced I fainted as I walked out of the place I got it done, it wasn't painful so I am unsure why I fainted. I searched it online and saw other people were experiencing the same thing, either feeling faint or fainting. why dose this happen?
Oh thats why when i have droplet on my phone screen it has different colors. Amazing
I was expecting Vantablack, but I'm pretty sure SciShow already did an ep on that.
I don't get it, does that mean that house couldn't be painted in that blue before? Not even with mixing colors??
I was thinking this might be about impossible colors, like blellow.
This seems sort of interesting, but I still feel like I did in school when I hear chemistry info: my brain isn't able to process it. It's like the concepts don't compute with whatever synapses I've got. I can understand language at a deep level, and it's very easy for me to learn - but chemistry just does not connect... Still hoping a little bit that perhaps one day somebody finds the words that might open that door. I'd love to 'get' it.
Midnight Blue has always been my favorite Crayola Color.