The Brothers Gracchi - The Final Fall - Extra History - Part 5
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 11 ต.ค. 2024
- 📜 The Brothers Gracchi, Final Fall, Part 5 - Extra History
Gaius made a series of proposals to ease the strains on the poor people in Rome, such as new Roman colonies to ease overcrowding or renting public land to the people. The Senate, led by a man named Livius Drusus, decried him for pandering, only to implement those ideas themselves, take all the credit, and make sure that Gaius got to have no involvement with the administration of these popular public programs. Public support drained from Gaius, and he struggled to find a comeback. When he ran for a third term as tribune, he lost. With Gaius no longer a threat, the Senate started repealing all of the forms he'd fought for. Gaius organized a mob to protest these repeals, but one of his supporters got in a fight with a Senatorial supporter and killed him. The Senate seized this opportunity to declare martial law the next day. In response, Gaius planned a peaceful occupation of the Aventine Hill. The Senate sent representatives to negotiate with him, but they demanded Gaius and his closest supporters give themselves up, and his supporters refused. With no resolution in sight, the Senatorial faction had archers begin to fire into the crowd. Gaius and his supporters fled, but he did not escape: Gaus was caught and captured, his head taken for a bounty and his body thrown into to the Tiber River. The Senate congratulation itself for defeating him by building a temple to Concord, but an anonymous citizen graffiti tagged it as "The Work of Mad Discord." A deep rift had been opened, and the Republic never managed to close it. The reforms proposed by the Gracchi were right and necessary, but extreme factions, fearmongering, a rhetoric of violence, and abuse of the letter of the law all deteriorated the democracy that held Rome together. Less than a century after Gaius falls, so does the Roman Republic.
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What a conclusion. It's said that his slave, after killing Gaius, held his master's body weeping for hours, and would not let go until he himsilf was killed. Because of the events of that day, Gaius's enemy, Licinius Optimus, goes down in history as the first Roman to declare himself dictator, and he used that power to kill 3000 citizens without trial, including a proconsul and tribune that were supporting Gaius.
Gaius Gracchus was an instant legend. A statue, and then a temple, was built on the site of his death, and though they were never deified by the senate, sacrifices were made in their honor ever afterwards.
Thank you EC for making this most underappreciated story a thing for everyone to hear and learn from.
By "the first Roman to declare himself dictator" do you mean that all the previous dictators were appointed by someone else?
+JePPeL yes dictators were appointed by the Senate
+JePPeL yes
+JePPeL Yes, a dictator was a man that was appointed by the Senate to have absolute power over Rome during wartime and other such crisis. It didn't have the same meaning as it has today. Once the war or crisis was over, the dictator stepped down. The one dictator who refused to step down was Julius Cesar, and we know how that story ended.
Yes dictators were appointed by the Senate for a period of six months to deal with a crisis.
I find incredible how relevant this video is in the courrent state of affairs
Gaius and his supporters occupying Aventine hill reminds me of an all too recent event
And Gaius keeps making me think of Bernie sanders
Granted they're nowhere near similar but still
*current
@@illuminaticake4528 How so? Bernie is part of the system
@@Big-guy1981 so was Gaius. Have you even watched the video?
Welcome to history.
"You must be insane to propose those new reforms! Here's a bunch of newer and crazier reforms! Where's your support now, chump?"
Huh, I'm not familiar with that kind of behavior in modern politics. At least, not between members of different factions.
"And now that you're out of power, I'm gonna repeal all of your reforms!"
That sounds about right.
Fun fact - it's not just politics.
When companies do dumping to gain market dominance, it's basically the same thing. After they get unrivaled dominance, prices rise
*cough*Walmart*cough*
Isn't that illegal in some countries?
Faerindel If you're dedicated (and corrupt) enough, that doesn't matter.
Wait a minute.
Walmart
Wal
Walpole
Good to see the only thing that's changed in 2 millennium are the clothes!
No, 2000 years ago people also knew that plural for "millennium" is "millennia".
Try not to be so snarky, I could've been someone who isn't fluent in English.
It's ok, let us help you improve it. For a start, it's not could've. You ARE someone who isn't fluent in English.
+Dmitrij Bugajev that's savage AF go easy on the guy he has a point
Actually all foreign words borrowed into english should be treated like default English words, and thus "Milleniums" would be correct. Same with Octopuses.
"Everybody knows that the dice are loaded
Everybody rolls with their fingers crossed
Everybody knows the war is over
Everybody knows the good guys lost"
may be there are no good guys
Piyush Gupta good guys die on the feild
@@PiyushGupta-vp6ub remember if something happens no one will help you
World will become more corrupt insensitive etc
Where is this from?
@@DeWitherWarrior Everybody Knows by Leonard Cohen
But wait, where's Walpole? Well... this series is not over. Not exactly. Stay tuned for a special episode next week where we talk about the often-overlooked man who set the groundwork for all the Gracchi Brothers' success, ambitions... and ultimately disastrous fate.
Gaius Marius or Cornelius Sulla?
Awww no Marius, Sulla or the Social War?
Walpole of course
Extra Credits I wonder if you would ever be able and/or willing to do a series on a chapter of Romanian history, the length of which is completely up to you.
hail Walpole
Democracy does not survive these things.
Rip Democracy
oops
It was certainly closer to oligarchy, but it had the prototypes of many mechanisms that make todays democracy possible. Like indirect voting for example
this kills the democracy.
these things still kill democracy to this day
The reforms of Marius and Sulla as well as the wars between them removed any possibility of the roman republic continuing. Power came not from a formalized position, but the guy who could get enough disgruntled soldiers to march with him to Rome.
And they blame Julius Caesar for the fall of the Republic.
In Italy the fall of Republic, in history books, starts with the Gracchi's Brothers, followed by Marius and Silla, culminating with Pompeo and Ceasar and ends with Octaviano and Antonius.
In the end the main reason of the fall of the Republic is when people of power realize how to exploit the system for personal interest.
History did Caesar justice. If anything, he and his nephew saved Rome from being nothing at all.
Being fair, Caesar's method was the only actual way to bring reform to a place like Rome. Otherwise, you'd end up like the gracchis.
@@user-ez9ng2rw9c "Gracchi" is already plural.
@@greenfox1991 sounds like american politic
I love all these quotes from 5 years ago saying "modern history is looking like this.", with me in the present thinking "hoo boy you have no idea." I wonder what everything will be like in 5 more years.
Like all hell breaking loose 😮
Less than a century after his fall? Hell, it's safe to say that within the next two decades the groundwork for the empire will be in place thanks to another Gaius.
3:38 Those who fail to learn from history are doomed to repeat it.
Extra History makes my Saturday Evenings. It is a glorious form of entertainment that is pretty much unmatched by anything else. I blame Walpole because why let a few other TH-cam Channel ruin some good entertainment?
why let a few TH-cam rules get in the way of a good crusade?
You wrote your comment in very neck beardy language. "Glorious form of entertainment." Dude we get it you're an intellectual who doesn't watch plebeian You Tube content.
Jonathan Lundkvist ...
Phew..thank god there's no parallel to this in modern times...wait!
Both parties routinely block their oppositions reforms unless it's something they themselves have been wanting for years. You're delusional if you believe only one party is responsible for this.
How well did GOP reform go for Kansas? I'm sure the Kochs love it.
pwrserge83
Libtard not libertard. I can't tell if your trolling or just blatantly ignorant. Both parties suck and there's more to economics than simply whose in charge.
pwrserge83
citation?
Lincoln, Roosevelt, and Eisenhower would scoff at today's GOP.
We haven't decapitated the President, debrained him and pour lead into the skull just because someone offered a reward for it.
Yet...
Thing is that Rome was not a democracy. It had elements of it. But ultimately subdued by Rome's _aristocracy._ There were checks and balances. But ultimately the problems that disenfranchised the Roman people which led to the rise of the populist Gracchi brothers was because a ruling patrician class completely disconnected from the people had any power at all.
The lesson here is not that populism destroys democracy. True democracy, by its nature, is populist. It's that rigid class systems and democracy do not mix. So when a republic attempts to mix this water and oil together, it only has one of two results. Either democracy is burned out within it and becomes dominated by an aristocracy, or it falls apart into civil war. The law simply can't take the average worker and the fabulously wealthy oligarch and look at them as though they're the same. It's unjust and contrary to core idea of democracy.
Democracy and unchecked capitalism don't work together
Populism isn’t what kills democracy. A dead democracy is what makes populism
Yeah, and pure aristocracies are more "stable" but when they temporarily become less stable (prime example 1917 Russia) then the people revolt and support any extremists to end that previous reign
And this is a lesson that today's United States hasn't learned.
One of the greatest coups of the elite was convincing people that populism was bad
Do a series on Flavius Stilicho, if we're still talking Rome. He has one of the best stories ever
+1
+2
+3
DarkW0lverine How about a series on the fall of the Western Roman Empire with a focus on Stilicho and Aetius, the men who could have saved Rome.
The road to hell is paved with good proposals.
It wasn't the Gracchi's fault that the corrupt Senate obstructed their necessary proposals at every turn!
The Gracchi did an excellent job and were idolized by the people of Rome for the remainder of Rome's existence
The Gracchi brothers have a lot of parallels with the Kennedys in modern day. They were popular reformers who were assassinated (likely) by political enemies who didn't want things to change in favor of the people and against them.
There is no proof of that
@@슬라바우크라이나헤로 Just like there's no proof that Epstein was murdered.
@@슬라바우크라이나헤로😂even the Kenedy family say the C.I.A. killed JFK.
The Gracchi are heroes and I have nothing but respect for them
Mahesvara they had good intentions but in the end they caused many of the things that would make the republic fall
Wonderful work, as always. Thank you so much! The history of the Roman republic and the struggle between the plebeians and patricians have interested me since last year, and the Gracchi brothers have a big part in that interest.
I absolutely love Extra History!
These are fantastic pieces, covering important parts of history in a smooth, eloquent way that is easy to follow. Important lessons we can take heed from.
I really wish the made a movie about the Gracchi. It would be epic, and relevant to a lot of current problems.
Do you plan to do a run on Marius and Sulla? Maybe the fall of the Republic? These videos are really fun.
As I watch more of these about the fall of Romans and often their quite ethic views, I realize my own country, South Africa, is in a dangerously similar situation.
Imagine how Americans feel.
@@AlteryxGaming i am an not american or south african but i think south Africa is way worse
@@jacopofolin6400 I am American and while I do agree that South Africa is way WAY worse! Much like the Romans we have a greater height to fall, and our hubris is thinking it can't happen to us.
The music for this episode is so beautiful especially the outro, would totally download if only it were on iTunes.
Ooooohh, now I get it --- that's why, in Rome Total War (the first game), those reforms after building an imperial palace kicks in. It's the Gracchi's influence.
"Democracy"
Oligarchy.
Democracy itself is evil bud. A political concept designed to make the blame for bad leadership failings on the voters for voting for them: instead of the poor leadership of the leaders themselves.
Hey Extra Credits! I think these extra history videos are super awesome and I can't wait to watch more. Quick question: have you considered covering the Peloponnesion war? I'm studying it right now with my Dad and it would be amazing to have your take on it. Thanks for the great content!
I have always been curios with early Roman history and it's interesting to see how alive these things are in our modern world. Could you guys make a series on the fall of the Roman republic and rise of Caesar.
Wait.....Wait.....poor people supported rich people against their own interests in order to promote a sense of racial superiority? That's just crazy
does it sound familiar?
OMG tHaT wOUld nEvER HAPpeN !!1!1!!1!1!!1
Gnomelord0 never once in the video did he mention the words "racial" or "superiority"
@@rolandfeussner1892 Are you truly that daft?
Still checks out chief
Eerie how many parallels and relevant takeaways from this history translate right over to the last few years… yet we are repeating it all over again.
This series makes me soo angry, not because it's a bad series, no, because you guys teach history better than any teacher I ever had.
This is one of my favourite episodes of Extra History.
This is a great series. I always wait for these videos.
0:52 this is happening in Italy, with the 5 Stars Movement in place of Gaius.
I'm referring to the general act of copying ideas and spreading lies.
And so the republic begins to fall, 100 years later the post of tyrant will be commonplace by the amount of them and even one will be appointed Partner for Life,
A book I read a year ago put it this way: "the Roman Republic in its final decades was like a leaky roof, when everything worked leaks did not matter, but when the rains of wars and storms crisis came , failures and problems showed the delicate state of a system that could not cover the new territory and reforms "
I recommend this book if you can read Spanish or get a translation("Roma Victoriosa" and "Roma Invicta", by Javier Negrete)
Thank you for making this series!
You have my brothers name.
...and I have a brother named Ben. Interesting.... Could be random chance or a devious, scheming universe. :D
So many relevant topics in this story to today's world.
One of which, the overturning of previous policies, is not something that many people consider. For example, the Supreme Court ruled that it was unconstitutional to not license marriage to homosexual partners. But, that ruling is just a precedent. It's not a law. Everyone _thinks_ we have marriage equality now, but we don't. Years from now, with a different Supreme Court, the opposite ruling could be made. There are only 9 Justices, and you only need 5 of them to break that precedent.
The Courts don't make the laws. But they've been pretending to. And that doesn't effect real change. It only hurts democracy. Same thing with a president's executive orders. All it takes to kill them is to have a subsequent president repeal them. These measures are desperate and in the end, ineffectual. But no one seems to care because it _looks_ like things are changing.
What's worse is that all of these politicians know it. And when you could lose your liberties over night, that means they can hold them hostage.
2:00 Amazing that so many still fall for the same trick 2300 years later!
This temple of concord is the work of mad discord is my new favorite quote
The parallels to cyrrent American politics is sumply terrifying
Brothers Crunchy.
So crunch. Much crisp. Wow. Such yum.
+Fiona McCann such doge.
I usually see you on Zero punctuation comment sections. I am surprised to see you here.
Ultimately, I'm glad that the "Escapist Exiles" were able to land on their feet and prosper. Even Moviebob, after floundering for far too long, seems to have found some stability once again. However, I can't help but feel a little saddened at the downfall of the site. The Escapist is a pale shadow of what it used to be. I hope the administrators there can turn things around before their corporate overlords decide to take the site behind the barn and out a few shells into it.
Ben Malec I never know Extra Credits was on the Escapist. The more you know.
less than a century after Gaius falls, so too shall the Republic. Thats a strong statement.
The US should really be reviewing this part of history carefully.
you guys are so awsome! you make videos about people who we never heard of but really should. thanks for your teachings and keep it up!!
The argument between the letter and spirit of the law is an old one. But democracy CAN survive this
You guys should do a short series on the Warsaw Uprising (1944), or, if you're more ambitious, the Polish experience during the Second World War. Either story serves as a great microcosm for the inter-Allied politics that went on between members of the "United Nations" that fought against the Axis powers. It's a great lead in to the early Cold War, and there are a lot of wonderful (and tragic) moments wrapped up in the telling of these stories.
Despite studying this for an exam, you guys made this history sound so fascinating and interesting. I absolutely love these tales. Thanks so much for this!
This is exactly what is happening to our republic
This is so weird to watch after the 2020 election
It's even weirder and sobering watching this today: January 6 2021
@@jasminemiller7485 democracy can’t survive these things.
Seems like we're on our way down that road right now.
wow... Brazil is at this very moment housing a country-wide reenaction of this history
To the EC team: "Great work guys, this stuff really makes my day! Could you do an episode on Assyria or the rise of the first Persian empire"? To all the people watching this complaining about democracy: ''Democracy is the worst type of government, except for all the others" - Winston Churchhill.
if i had 10 bucks i would request Nebuchadnezzar II or caligula
A great lesson and one we should take to heart in America today.
Watching this video it suddenly hit me… It’s like they were reincarnated into the Kennedy brothers.
Their lives lead strange parallels, In policy and in action.
Powerful, that molten lead thing is quite something...
So the last message in the video about democracies just gave me the chills. Hello USA 2020
Now the question is who is Gaius in 2020 ?
These videos have been so helpful! Thank you😂❤️
And so too shall fall our democracy if we give in to fear and hate spewed forth by those who benifit from our complacency. If we fight to hard to protect what we HAD, we will never be able to grow toward tomorrow. If a tree focuses either on growing only it's roots or only growing taller, it will always fall in time.... Conversely love and hope are useless without motivation and an eye on the past. Watch this channel. Grow taller and stronger, let history and knowledge advise your future decisions... Change the world.
a great anecdote for our modern democracy to learn from
Great series. As I watch it I get the creeps, because it fit so well it today's society.
Such a great series.
No politician in history, and I say this with great surety, has been treated worse or more unfairly than Gaius Gracchus
Ja-Shwa Cardell What about Tiberius Gracchus?
This was so helpful for my essay, we went over some of this in class, but not nearly as much.
It's weird how this video ends on a rather solemn note about the fall of democracy; yet the Roman culture reached its peak, its most prosperous after it became and Empire.
Except all of them came after the first Emperor, Octavian (Augustus). It was during his incredibly long reign that Rome achieved many of the cultural and political heights that we remember the Empire for.
He means people like Trajan, Aurelian, Constantine, Augustus, etc.
He probably means in particular the reign of 5 good emperors starting with Nerva then Trajan, Hadrian etc. and ending with Marcus Aurelius.
It's solemn because while the Principate did work for the most part it was nowhere near as stable and once the Severians expose bare the reality that the right to rule lays ONLY in appeasing the army "Suport the army and scorn lesser men" I think Septimus Severus was recorded to have said the crisis of the this century will hit and combined with the external pressures by the "barbarians" will nearly END Rome altogether.
Basically Romans never really created a proper system for succession and governance that did not rely on the strongest man ruling.
It's solemn because while the Principate did work for the most part it was nowhere near as stable and once the Severians expose bare the reality that the right to rule lays ONLY in appeasing the army "Suport the army and scorn lesser men" I think Septimus Severus was recorded to have said the crisis of the this century will hit and combined with the external pressures by the "barbarians" will nearly END Rome altogether.
Basically Romans never really created a proper system for succession and governance that did not rely on the strongest man ruling.
As much as I wish the world could be like the story of Hiawatha, it is clear that we are much closer to that of the Gracchi siblings.
Someone who is on their patron and so supports them with money, I have a suggestion for you to put to them (if you want):
The Axumite-Himyarite-Sassanid Wars in Yemen during the 200s to 500s.
Episode 1: The background situation involving the political turmoil in Yemen that led to the rise of Himyar
Episode 2: The religious tension that led to Axum's first invasion of Himyar and the instalation of a puppet ruler
Episode 3: The rise of Dhu Nuwas, the Jewish warlord, and the Axumite Invasion of Yemen, concluding with the treatchery of the General Abraha
Episode 4: The final conflicts between the independent Axumite Yemen and the Sassanian Empire.
Is that Jewish warlord the one that persecuted Christians in his area. I distinctly remember hearing about him when I listened to the History of Byzantium?
Блажо Ђуровић Yes, him, though there was also an interesting political angle too. The Byzantines were trying to get control over Arabia. The Axumites were Christian and so were allies, and they had installed a puppet ruler, so Himyar had basically lost control of their own kingdom.
You could just become a patron and do so yourself.
Dagda Mor Maybe he doesn't have the disposable income to do that.
6:26 HINT HINT
I wonder if this is their way of saying.. "Hey watch carefully guys"
Boy this looks awfully familiar...CAN'T THINK WHY
That last bit was... really scary. Living in the United States, present day, really gets you thinking how much has really changed.
I'm having deja vu, right now
So Gaius proposed 5 minute abs, the establishment said that was a pie-in-the-sky proposal and then proposed 4 minute abs?
Lead a violent mob to the Capitol, they said. What could go wrong!?!
Well, after the nice and heartwarming episode of Hiawatha it's only natural that things will go south on the next episode of Extra History.
This show is FANTASTIC but it breaks my heart constantly...
This tragedy story reminds me of Shakespeare, anyone else?
Gaius Julius Caesar , another populist leader that was assassinated by the Senate.
Ha! The part where the Romans were loathe of extending citizenship to their non-Roman Italian allies is a great one. Because these Italian allies were a major reason why the Roman Republic became so powerful dominating the Mediterranean world. When you read of a "Roman Army" it was mostly made up of non-Romans, their Italian allies. Even during the darkest times of the Second Punic War when Hannibal was crushing Roman armies left and right, Hannibal was shocked that the Italians kept faith with Rome.
:(
You're alive!
Imagine how much history would have changed if Gaius’ crowd actually became enraged and fought back after their comrade was stabbed
America! Take heed.
"Less than a century after Gaius falls, so too shall the Republic..."
Enter, Gaius Julius Caesar!
0:45 Modern politics in a nutshell, all too often have i seen that type of hypocrisy in my own homeland. Denouce those who knows whats best then claim ownership of said idea.
this is some of the best content on youtube
Nope? No heavyhanded allegories to contemporary events here! Nothing to see! Move along!
6:19 I'd be lying if I said this quote hasn't appeared in my head several times this month
The more things change, eh?
Oh I love seeing lorica segmentata three hundred years before their time.
Oh the irony just keeps coming
this seems eerily relevant
Those who do not remember history are doomed to repeat it. I fear America is already well on its way to becoming another Rome.
I've been saying this for years...
We kinda already are, man. Just look at the Capitol, the White House, the Lincoln and Jefferson Memorials....all Roman in design with everything but the gaudy paint. The American spirit idolizes Rome; it wouldn’t be a surprise to decline in the same fashion, just with more kicking and screaming.
They even decided on an eagle as their symbol.
naa... those who do learn from history are doomed to watch everyone do the same stupid shit over again despite our warnings.... best to grab popcorn
Knowledge of history means nothing if there is not a will to avoid mistake already one's done.
How important these guys are
5 EPISODES
Rome, for trying to be so forward thinking (in some areas), seems to be very cruel to anyone who wants to do good.
What I've learned from History. Quit while your still ahead and don't get to close to the sun.
Insert generic "USA = Rome" comment here beep
Obligatory laughter and deep thought goes here..."haha"..."Hmmm" beep
well I mean its only generic because its true.
@@AnimeShinigami13 Nah.
There certainly are similarities between the two that is for sure.
Only NPCs use the NPC meme unironically.
@Stephen Jenkins so some of the things mentioned here do not sound similar to current problems being faced in the United states?
You see, this is why I want a reformation of the first past the post election system in the U.S.. One group staying in senate for long enough will eventually become a hindrance.
This closely resembles the USA for the past 4 years.
this was so sharply made. U guys managed to make one of the smartest commentaries on the current election and didn't even mention it.
and history repeats itself. for no one involved with the fall of our current Rome remembers what came before. one major difference from the past however is in ancient times it was higher ups with paranoia that led to the fall of the republic, however now a days everyone has that level of paranoia. everyone is afraid of loosing all they have, scared of each other and putting themselves first. even if the current issue wasn't trump, we are all still heading down the same path. for none of us have learned, and are repeating the same actions and mistakes over and over. making the same rules and laws to e bent or broken.
Man, Gaius during his second term must have set a world record for frustration. "I didn't even want to come back, you all DRAGGED me back here, only to interfere with EVERY. SINGLE. THING that I try to do? And call me a traitor while you do it?"
Who here in 2024? And who hasn't drunken themselves to death?
man i love this channel