As a builder I often hired stone masons. They were the highest paid of my subs. I always thought they were soooo slow...till I started doing it myself!!!!
Thats good you decided to do the work to see for yourself. To many employers choose quantity over quality and job sites turned home look like crap too many of us live in the top ramen day and age.
I've tried looking for apprentice jobs but seems everyone is looking for guys w/ work experience. I feel in love with the idea of leaving behind a proud legacy.
@@rumhound5903 Well, job vacancy or not....go do courses and do it outnof love.....whilst you're young, the rewards will surely come for you, and you'll look back one day, and be glad of the day you did the courses!
Been landscaping for over a year now but just got put on my first stone job. Sandstone cladding on block pillars. So glad I fond this vid, doing it the hammer/chisel way. My hand's never hurt so much but I'm so glad I'm learning this skill! If done well the results are amazing
As a this is may day job, anyone watching for tips: he set his feathers (shims) very high. Usually u set them so the dogs are almost engaging the stone from the start. 2 things happen if u set em that hi. 1st: on some stones ull end up burying the pin b4 it spliys and ull curl ur feathers effectively halfing their life, since when u bend em back theyll be weaker. 2nd: high feathers put the pressure closer to the top of the hole which can leaf to holes blowing out on certain stones. Another tip. If u need a lazer line , use a tracer or the like between the holes b4 inserting wedges. Most often itll help give u a clean line.
In some quarries, the holes are drilled but a different method is used to split stone. Instead of wedges, water is poured into the holes. Leave it over night, water freezes and splits the stone as the ice expands.
@@jeandutton2975 Stone quarries in higher elevations can have the sun bearing down on them in July, and you still need a jacket. Higher elevation has thinner air, and air retains heat. The thinner the air, the colder it is. Where I live, there is a terrific view of the mountains, and even though it's almost June, snow can still be seen on them. Warm weather in the lower elevations doesn't translate to the higher ones.
The most skilled stonemasons I have ever seen were on Okinawa Island, Japan when they were building Murasaki Mura. And those people were working outside all day in very hot and humid weather.
Nice demonstration of competence! The craft of the stonemason now has a modern dignity. Long ago there were no diamond saws and widia drill bits: only a great deal of patience and expert sensitivity.
All the useless stones I have after digging my gardenpond and now trying to make them fit in a waterfall and edging the pond - After seeing this, now I can probarly use them all!
As a Physicist I've taken much interest in Stone Masonry, Carpentry and welding. Enjoying the best of both Science and A Makers Mindset🤌🏽.... I've also used what I studied to understand why certain materials cut the way they do. At Our Dpt we did research on how to create composite cutting tools
thank you for the tutorial sir. I would like to cut hard stones with a chisel held in a vice. I have a collection of hard stones like quartz, jasper, agate, nephrite, but i have not invested in a vice yet . Is it possible to chisel these stones ? i want to shape them too so delicate work. I dont want to use power tools like grinders and bench saws i want to do it the old school way but i am not sure if these mohs scale 7 or higher stones like corundum can be chiseled to shape? thank you
Oh that brings back memories...thanx...I have long realized how early I learned to use my hands and my head...we were banging nails at ten.... stealing them along with pieces of lumber from all the houses being built for us boomers...those carpenters probably went nuts when they arrived in the morning and looked for that 2 by 4 they had cut for a jack the day before!!!! We only took short stuff cause it was easier to carry. And mostly took discarded bent nails...mostly...there were boxes of nails...8d....12...16...I'm sure they knew what was goin' on but let it go cause we didn't really take much...it was a close neighborhood...we were building our forts and tree huts just around the corner....they didn't even attempt to close up the job when they were framing.... luckily for the builders we didn't wire or plumb our huts... We could only get so much from a single ranch or cape before it was closed in..ten days or so...but there was always another foundation ready and waiting...ah the good old days....ya thanx again... probably why I became a carpenter and builder.... did quite well....lots of hours..... definitely worth it....I was fortunate to be where and when I was.....
I noticed in all these videos they never show or mention hearing protection. But, you should always protect your hearing, eyes, and breathing passages if harmful dust is involved. Safety first is a high standard in my experience
@@zorrothegreyishblade3339One listens internally, it's not with the physical ears so much. And if you don't protect your physical hearing, you will surely lose it more and more.
I recognized the tracer & point chisels in the video as T & H... as a backyard hobby, I have been working stone for 30 years and only recently upgraded many of my tools... I now have a set of T & H chisels, which are not cheap... but... you cannot do your best work with cheap tools.
feathering is the process of shaping a block by hitting it with a chisel and a mallet. Marble dust or diamond powder is pored into the hole with a wedge and when the chisel is struck it shapes the block. Many of the temples in the ancient and modern word were made this way and although some stonecutters have adopted technology some do it the old fashion way. Feathering is used for tombstones because most most masons don't have power tools and because of the age of the stone using a router on it to carve a name or date is a bad idea.
If you hold a chisel with one hand and bang on the chisel with a hammer on the other hand, after months or years of banging, your muscles, nerves and bones will be damaged early. Business opportunity to sell a T shaped chisel with handle which allows the user to flexibly complete most of the tasks like the normal I shaped chisel but ergonomically prevents majority of the banging force from affecting the hand holding the chisel. This will extend the working life of the tradie which max profits and salary increase.
I literally thought this was a joke episode because the guy on the right looked like he was covered from head to toe in gray clay in the thumbnail. I thought it was a joke about how cutting stones with water makes you gray.
Good Mason's had their own servants to sharpen chissels and feed them in the wealthiest houses. The Mason was a revered part of many centuries of history
Find a masonry contractor local to you and see if you can start an apprenticeship with them. It’s a skill that takes time to master, so don’t expect to learn overnight.
2:22 I think he should have made a path on all sides. he would have more control over how the stone would crack if he did that. Nice work and that was amazing demonstration.
Какие замечательные были камни , правильной прямоугольной формы ! Зачем же было их раскалывать? Взяли бы бесформенную глыбу и придали бы ей прямоугольную форму !
The tracer would have resulted in a better and cleaner cut had he traced the entire stone turning each time in a clockwise or counter,manner but never a mix of the two directions. Keep it slow, low, & accurate. Still p cool. Thank you for posting ❤
Are you f****** kidding me?!?!?!? That is such a clean edge! My mind has been blown! I'm about to cut stone and was looking into buying expensive machinery. Well, screw that. This is so much better.
@@thugpug4392 That could work given a strong enough bit; it might be particularly viable if you have some sort of water-wheel to drive the bit. The technique I have seen used was just using a 4-point bit (not unlike a Philips head). You take small wacks at the bit and keep turning it in a spiral and pour water into the hole in small amount to form a sort of mud you can easily remove and it also keeps down the amount of stone you breath in; it looks very time consuming. I believe Mr.Chikadee has some videos on it.
Is it possible to use a chisel that is not carbide tip? I don't know that I'm ready to invest in that, but trying a regular chisel and I'm struggling to get an indentation in some sandstone pieces. Thank you!
I have a huge decorative stone about 4 to 5 feet in diameter Want to make a few table tops from it What is the best and simplest method to cut this by hand, Have not the funds to have it done professionally Wanting the slabs to be about 3 inches thick, do you think you could give some good advice how to cut it and flatten it and finishing it this will be my first attempt, thanks
Definitely. You'll find that some stone breaks a lot easier than other stone. I have two types in my garden and it's impressive just how different they are. It's worth finding out what you can find in your area.
A trace can split granite easily. Just have to make sure you are not near the edge. Been using tracers and sets for granite fireplaces for years. A point is great for high spots. Don't over do the point chisel all at once. It will heat up and break.
It's a safe bet that he used a hammer drill, but it can still be done with a hammer and star drill, just like it had to be done in the past. Slightly related trivia: rock climbers in Yosemite National Park are allowed to drill holes and install expansion bolts to protect climbs, but they're not allowed to use power tools and have to drill all of the holes by hand.
Is this 'sedimentary ' stone that is going to split nicely? Can't you just make your line with a grinder, the chisel to split? And a wide booster chisel, no good? Thanks!
Question I am cutting 2" h by 4" wide by 18" long now I want to cut a split face cut so i dont want to use a saw. So would cut with tool along the line and wide Chisel 3" or 1" so my cut will be across the 4" .
There is a place in Indiana, Evansville maybe... that did the limestone walls to the Pentagon in huge one piece slabs like it was lazer straight they could tell you how to cut the stone possibly via email .
You can do it to granite but granite is one of the hardest if not the hardest stone. Most likely wont get it perfectly flat and whatnot with hand tools but you can cut and shape it with enough patience and care yes
Is there an ancient method like when Hannibal crossed the Alps? Perhaps start with the 2nd method and as soon as you get a troph pour a chemical in that will make the stone come apart very easy?
Granted its a demonstration but a demo saw would be a lot quicker. Also work from the outside in when taking off little knobby bits rather than the way he did, less likely to destroy the piece
Showed the round field stone but shied away from them? Many years ago I knew of a man who split them without a tool. He would stack them up as a backer for a roaring fire, and after they were hot he would throw cold water on them??
Okay so the feather and wedge...... I wouldn’t say that’s cutting I’d say that splitting and the cold chisel is a different method of splitting I don’t think that’s cutting either. A circular saw with a special disk that’s diamond tipped...... now that’s cutting To my mind splitting is less precise but it does bring the stone roughly to the shape you want and still leaves a fairly natural looking face for a wall or something like that but it ain’t cutting
As a builder I often hired stone masons. They were the highest paid of my subs. I always thought they were soooo slow...till I started doing it myself!!!!
Thats good you decided to do the work to see for yourself. To many employers choose quantity over quality and job sites turned home look like crap too many of us live in the top ramen day and age.
Did they ever quote you the job? Or is it always hourly rate with them? Im assuming it would be hard to quote and work out man hours
Yeh, instead of taking a hundred years to do one of them cathedrals me and you could knock one out in 10-15 years.
I've tried looking for apprentice jobs but seems everyone is looking for guys w/ work experience.
I feel in love with the idea of leaving behind a proud legacy.
@@rumhound5903 Well, job vacancy or not....go do courses and do it outnof love.....whilst you're young, the rewards will surely come for you, and you'll look back one day, and be glad of the day you did the courses!
Been landscaping for over a year now but just got put on my first stone job. Sandstone cladding on block pillars. So glad I fond this vid, doing it the hammer/chisel way. My hand's never hurt so much but I'm so glad I'm learning this skill! If done well the results are amazing
As a this is may day job, anyone watching for tips: he set his feathers (shims) very high. Usually u set them so the dogs are almost engaging the stone from the start. 2 things happen if u set em that hi. 1st: on some stones ull end up burying the pin b4 it spliys and ull curl ur feathers effectively halfing their life, since when u bend em back theyll be weaker. 2nd: high feathers put the pressure closer to the top of the hole which can leaf to holes blowing out on certain stones. Another tip. If u need a lazer line , use a tracer or the like between the holes b4 inserting wedges. Most often itll help give u a clean line.
I find these rock cutting videos both VERY relaxing and satisfying to watch.
In some quarries, the holes are drilled but a different method is used to split stone. Instead of wedges, water is poured into the holes. Leave it over night, water freezes and splits the stone as the ice expands.
how do you cut during warm weather haha
@@jeandutton2975 Stone quarries in higher elevations can have the sun bearing down on them in July, and you still need a jacket. Higher elevation has thinner air, and air retains heat. The thinner the air, the colder it is. Where I live, there is a terrific view of the mountains, and even though it's almost June, snow can still be seen on them. Warm weather in the lower elevations doesn't translate to the higher ones.
Sina stairway
The most skilled stonemasons I have ever seen were on Okinawa Island, Japan when they were building Murasaki Mura. And those people were working outside all day in very hot and humid weather.
An amazing craftsman.
He made that look so easy.
With 40 years experience everything is easy.
I'd call the work at Giza amazing.. this is basic.
Nice demonstration of competence! The craft of the stonemason now has a modern dignity.
Long ago there were no diamond saws and widia drill bits: only a great deal of patience and expert sensitivity.
yup and Feathering is a lost craft and it takes a master to do this trade.
You mean that ancient peoples could have cut out rocks with shaped pieces of metal and pure muscle? Not aliens? Lol
This is so helpful - especially the last part of fixing the uneven split. 🙏🏼💐
I never knew that I was interested in those until Now.
Thanks for the info! 👌🏽
The stone whisperer. A heavy skill to learn.
Stoned whisperer..
This comment rocks
Certain to get into some hard places with that skill.
@@aaronmackay6123Yup, double hip replacement surgery 20 years later.
All the useless stones I have after digging my gardenpond and now trying to make them fit in a waterfall and edging the pond - After seeing this, now I can probarly use them all!
Yup you probarly can! 😄
Did you try it? You've had a whole year
@@cpt8424 Hi yeah with good luck and here's the result: th-cam.com/video/qtQC3h4xV4w/w-d-xo.html
i had no idea. I can apply this to so many projects.
It looks so easy, but it takes a master to carve that flat. Nice video.
No,just patience
Holy cow! I thought there's no way this can work, and then 3 seconds later the rock was split in half.
As a Physicist I've taken much interest in Stone Masonry, Carpentry and welding. Enjoying the best of both Science and A Makers Mindset🤌🏽....
I've also used what I studied to understand why certain materials cut the way they do. At Our Dpt we did research on how to create composite cutting tools
thank you for the tutorial sir. I would like to cut hard stones with a chisel held in a vice. I have a collection of hard stones like quartz, jasper, agate, nephrite, but i have not invested in a vice yet . Is it possible to chisel these stones ? i want to shape them too so delicate work. I dont want to use power tools like grinders and bench saws i want to do it the old school way but i am not sure if these mohs scale 7 or higher stones like corundum can be chiseled to shape? thank you
If you played outside when you were a kid, then you're already 3/4 there.
Oh that brings back memories...thanx...I have long realized how early I learned to use my hands and my head...we were banging nails at ten.... stealing them along with pieces of lumber from all the houses being built for us boomers...those carpenters probably went nuts when they arrived in the morning and looked for that 2 by 4 they had cut for a jack the day before!!!!
We only took short stuff cause it was easier to carry. And mostly took discarded bent nails...mostly...there were boxes of nails...8d....12...16...I'm sure they knew what was goin' on but let it go cause we didn't really take much...it was a close neighborhood...we were building our forts and tree huts just around the corner....they didn't even attempt to close up the job when they were framing.... luckily for the builders we didn't wire or plumb our huts... We could only get so much from a single ranch or cape before it was closed in..ten days or so...but there was always another foundation ready and waiting...ah the good old days....ya thanx again... probably why I became a carpenter and builder.... did quite well....lots of hours..... definitely worth it....I was fortunate to be where and when I was.....
Brilliant comment. Thanks
I noticed in all these videos they never show or mention hearing protection. But, you should always protect your hearing, eyes, and breathing passages if harmful dust is involved. Safety first is a high standard in my experience
Good point!
That would interfere with listening to the rock
@@zorrothegreyishblade3339One listens internally, it's not with the physical ears so much. And if you don't protect your physical hearing, you will surely lose it more and more.
@@The_One_Cosmos Not to mention that you will still hear it very clearly with full hearing protection. Hammering stuff is LOUD.
The shop that they're in reminds me of the Tool Time shop from the show Home Improvement.
was waiting for him to drill the holes by hand
The hard part is finding stones with perfect holes where you want them.
Lol
Thanks for the video!
I've been wanting to see this and really satisfied.
The best stone tools come from Trow and Holden Barre Vt. They have been making stone tools forever! They are the best in the world!
I recognized the tracer & point chisels in the video as T & H... as a backyard hobby, I have been working stone for 30 years and only recently upgraded many of my tools... I now have a set of T & H chisels, which are not cheap... but... you cannot do your best work with cheap tools.
I can attest that it is a great feeling when a stone cracks up.
Excellent demonstration 💯👍
Where do you get high quality tools for this trade?
Bought them off barney rubble
feathering is the process of shaping a block by hitting it with a chisel and a mallet. Marble dust or diamond powder is pored into the hole with a wedge and when the chisel is struck it shapes the block. Many of the temples in the ancient and modern word were made this way and although some stonecutters have adopted technology some do it the old fashion way. Feathering is used for tombstones because most most masons don't have power tools and because of the age of the stone using a router on it to carve a name or date is a bad idea.
Love to try that!
If you hold a chisel with one hand and bang on the chisel with a hammer on the other hand, after months or years of banging, your muscles, nerves and bones will be damaged early. Business opportunity to sell a T shaped chisel with handle which allows the user to flexibly complete most of the tasks like the normal I shaped chisel but ergonomically prevents majority of the banging force from affecting the hand holding the chisel. This will extend the working life of the tradie which max profits and salary increase.
Is there a grain to look for?
Like cutting a diamond. There is a grain. Called a cleavage. Same as in wood. It is not easily found. But it is there.
I literally thought this was a joke episode because the guy on the right looked like he was covered from head to toe in gray clay in the thumbnail. I thought it was a joke about how cutting stones with water makes you gray.
Excellent. Thank you.
All this effort for one stone. Now imagine building a medieval stone castle!
With lots of servants and slaves, it's easy
Good Mason's had their own servants to sharpen chissels and feed them in the wealthiest houses. The Mason was a revered part of many centuries of history
@@LofiFallout The industrial revolution pooped all over that practice...
How would I get into stone masonry?
Find a masonry contractor local to you and see if you can start an apprenticeship with them. It’s a skill that takes time to master, so don’t expect to learn overnight.
Here..they`re hiring........th-cam.com/video/2s13X66BFd8/w-d-xo.html
@@paulp1008 now that was funny
Sunshine mate, spot on. Thanks for sharing
Thank You🌸
2:22 I think he should have made a path on all sides.
he would have more control over how the stone would crack if he did that.
Nice work and that was amazing demonstration.
Master of rock cutting 👌👏👏👍
If you're using a drill would you not use a grinder also?
Thanks.
Какие замечательные были камни , правильной прямоугольной формы !
Зачем же было их раскалывать?
Взяли бы бесформенную глыбу и придали бы ей прямоугольную форму !
I like how he drilled almost all the way through the stone.
The tracer would have resulted in a better and cleaner cut had he traced the entire stone turning each time in a clockwise or counter,manner but never a mix of the two directions. Keep it slow, low, & accurate. Still p cool. Thank you for posting ❤
Are you f****** kidding me?!?!?!? That is such a clean edge! My mind has been blown! I'm about to cut stone and was looking into buying expensive machinery. Well, screw that. This is so much better.
Very nice work...
This is freaking awesome!!
How do we do holes? Like how do we make drill holes the old way
Without power drills
I'd imagine it's a similar concept to a cork. You'd just keep twisting a spiraling blade into the rock
@@thugpug4392 That could work given a strong enough bit; it might be particularly viable if you have some sort of water-wheel to drive the bit. The technique I have seen used was just using a 4-point bit (not unlike a Philips head). You take small wacks at the bit and keep turning it in a spiral and pour water into the hole in small amount to form a sort of mud you can easily remove and it also keeps down the amount of stone you breath in; it looks very time consuming. I believe Mr.Chikadee has some videos on it.
star drill
Is it possible to use a chisel that is not carbide tip? I don't know that I'm ready to invest in that, but trying a regular chisel and I'm struggling to get an indentation in some sandstone pieces. Thank you!
Sweet video !
he knows how to stone.. i would do that for a fireplace. Over brick of coarse.
Montana Spring haha
Now we know how the pyramid stones were cut back in the day
Expensive carbide tools you should mention ,Being a mason iv used these tools but they aren’t cheap
They do last forever if cared for. I have a set of 12 different types.
So, how did you drill the 3 holes in the beginning ? :)
Drilled the holes with a diamond drill bit
@@grazvydasartiomovas1719 No power tools though, just the drill bit and his bare hands.
Ok, that was one stone, 10,000 more to go.
And that's why masons are so expensive! It takes forever to break stone.
@@c31979839 So True!
Wow at 3:35 😮
Great video.
We gonna need this guy after the apocalypse
How did you drill the holes? Drill bit?
Brilliant, well done John (Wales Uk)
I have a huge decorative stone about 4 to 5 feet in diameter
Want to make a few table tops from it
What is the best and simplest method to cut this by hand,
Have not the funds to have it done professionally
Wanting the slabs to be about 3 inches thick,
do you think you could give some good advice how to cut it and flatten it and finishing it
this will be my first attempt,
thanks
those are some beautiful rocks, what is the second one?
Good job from lao
One question: does the type of stone matter? I have been trying to chisel a big stone in my yard but cannot cut a single piece off.
Definitely. You'll find that some stone breaks a lot easier than other stone. I have two types in my garden and it's impressive just how different they are. It's worth finding out what you can find in your area.
@@nopyliamcgyver2962 Agreed and to add to this its a lot easier to split stone by going with its sedimentry layers like ol mate did in the video.
Oh, I was looking for ways to cut hands with stone tools.
I didn't have that metal stake thingy so I just used 2 hammers.
1 to hammer the backside of the other hammer as a chisel
That was Awesome !!!
Excellent!
Can you split granite with a tracer or a point? That looks like soft stone you’re splitting there.
A trace can split granite easily. Just have to make sure you are not near the edge. Been using tracers and sets for granite fireplaces for years. A point is great for high spots. Don't over do the point chisel all at once. It will heat up and break.
Fascinating 😳
Can you use the same technique to cute a rough agate ?
Global civilization Masons 10,800 years ago:
Hold my beer
Very cool
If you had scored a line with a grinder would the break have followed the score rather than the grain of the stone?
Its a bit of a game of luck depending how close to the grain you are and what kind of stone also.
How did he know it would cut through to the bottom so straight? Is there a grain he looks for?
Can we use a electrical cutter to cut the line?
Fascinating !
Cutting stone with hand tools? How’d he drill the holes?
It's a safe bet that he used a hammer drill, but it can still be done with a hammer and star drill, just like it had to be done in the past. Slightly related trivia: rock climbers in Yosemite National Park are allowed to drill holes and install expansion bolts to protect climbs, but they're not allowed to use power tools and have to drill all of the holes by hand.
Absolutely Awesome 👏! Thank You 🙏🏻
I watched the rest now, next show us how to cut a diamond.
Does it work with granite?
well yes, its a rock as a rock
How do I drill the initial holes
I’d like to see you try this with Agates or jaspers,sure it works great on granite or softer material
True, but you don't see many dry stone walls and patios made from Agate or Jaspers
Is this 'sedimentary ' stone that is going to split nicely?
Can't you just make your line with a grinder, the chisel to split?
And a wide booster chisel, no good?
Thanks!
Question I am cutting 2" h by 4" wide by 18" long now I want to cut a split face cut so i dont want to use a saw. So would cut with tool along the line and wide Chisel 3" or 1" so my cut will be across the 4" .
Yes
No
Maybe
Yes its always preferred to lay your thumb down right next to the hammer for no reason
How do you sharpen a stone chisel??
Does this work with small granite boulders? I have some in my lawn that I’d like to turn into walking stones.
There is a place in Indiana, Evansville maybe... that did the limestone walls to the Pentagon in huge one piece slabs like it was lazer straight they could tell you how to cut the stone possibly via email .
You can do it to granite but granite is one of the hardest if not the hardest stone. Most likely wont get it perfectly flat and whatnot with hand tools but you can cut and shape it with enough patience and care yes
Buy/get flagstone
Precious
But why do we need aliens then to do this job?
Is there an ancient method like when Hannibal crossed the Alps? Perhaps start with the 2nd method and as soon as you get a troph pour a chemical in that will make the stone come apart very easy?
Granted its a demonstration but a demo saw would be a lot quicker. Also work from the outside in when taking off little knobby bits rather than the way he did, less likely to destroy the piece
🤣😂😭sure thing boss man
@@jkgkjgkijk He didn't say anything untrue, weirdo.
How do u make the holes though
Just realized I'm using internet age tools to look up stone age tools...
Stone Ages (paleolithic and neolithic), Bronze Age, Iron Age, Carbide Age...
Wear masks for preventing Pneumoconiosis!!!
How about a handheld wire saw?
Showed the round field stone but shied away from them? Many years ago I knew of a man who split them without a tool. He would stack them up as a backer for a roaring fire, and after they were hot he would throw cold water on them??
*breaking
1:46 "that broke perfectly"
This how the granite was cut over in Egypt without use of powertools ??
And recommended right next to this...”How the ancients cut and shaped stone with sound”. Well, I guess they used sound...to some extent.
Okay so the feather and wedge...... I wouldn’t say that’s cutting I’d say that splitting and the cold chisel is a different method of splitting I don’t think that’s cutting either.
A circular saw with a special disk that’s diamond tipped...... now that’s cutting
To my mind splitting is less precise but it does bring the stone roughly to the shape you want and still leaves a fairly natural looking face for a wall or something like that but it ain’t cutting
"Stonecutter" is a term that has been around for a LONG time, all the way to present day.
one day this old house will visit a real quarry and actually see how stone is split
The title of the video was _literally_ "how to cut stone with *hand tools."* 🙄