The Inner Workings of an Enigma Machine

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 6 ก.ย. 2024
  • Ever wonder how the famous Enigma Machine worked? Mathematician and cryptography expert Dr. James Grime takes one apart to demonstrate how it created complex codes. For the full talk, visit: pirsa.org/13090...
    Perimeter Institute: perimeterinsti...

ความคิดเห็น • 292

  • @WardyLion
    @WardyLion 5 ปีที่แล้ว +39

    The Enigma machine, while relatively simple in a mechanical sense, is an ingenious invention.

    • @garlandremingtoniii1338
      @garlandremingtoniii1338 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      So is a 2.2 GPM Sink Faucet Aerator, Male and Female Dual Thread Aerator. A real work of art, and also so very very functional. Wa-La!!

  • @vin4523
    @vin4523 9 ปีที่แล้ว +25

    I salute you Sir Allan Turing.

  • @jsn1970
    @jsn1970 4 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    James Grime makes encryption so easy to understand with his lively presentations.

  • @kaca2903
    @kaca2903 8 ปีที่แล้ว +67

    But what's with the audience? The talk was great, matter nicely explained and James as enthusiastic as ever.

    • @luisluiscunha
      @luisluiscunha 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Knowledge of History, perhaps...

    • @VideosVonDennis
      @VideosVonDennis 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Because it was a German tool.

    • @kenmendoza6932
      @kenmendoza6932 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      He didnt even start by telling the history of the machine. If I was sitting there no clue on what your topic is going to be and you just start by talking about how it works, no history of what it was used for or who made it, Ill just go straight outta there.

    • @oliverfasola19
      @oliverfasola19 4 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Ken Mendoza the topic of this was probably “how a enigma machine works” if you don’t know what one is then don’t attempt to figure out their inner workings

    • @soberek
      @soberek 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Because none of them realize the mammoth size of the problem to be solved and even bigger size of the importance of braking that code.

  • @kastensok
    @kastensok ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Love this!
    I have a report on Enigma, in high school.
    I had to combine two subjects Mathematics and Danish; for Math, I did as much explaining as I could, for Danish, I watched and interpreted the movie Enigma (characters, storyline, symbolism etc.).
    So when The Imitation Game was released, I was so happy and hopeful.
    I love the movie, but one thing I still didn't understand completely from the movie was Christopher.
    Now I do.
    Thank you.

  • @KAYNAT1
    @KAYNAT1 9 ปีที่แล้ว +20

    I love your enthusiasm! Your delivery is concise, clear and thoroughly enjoyable. Thank you for taking the time to explain this device. What a fascinating design!

  • @freshgasflow
    @freshgasflow 9 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    I managed to buy an enigma machine rotor , and wanted to know how it works. This video explains it very well. Thank you.

  • @nishatnahianrahman4014
    @nishatnahianrahman4014 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    In my opinion,this is the simplest explaination of this whole messy machine..loved narrator's enthusiasm.

  • @MrFischvogel
    @MrFischvogel 9 ปีที่แล้ว +9

    Great talk! Resume keeping it simple :) Thanks and best wishes from the physics department of the Technical University of Berlin

  • @maximilienrobespierre7927
    @maximilienrobespierre7927 5 ปีที่แล้ว +53

    So basically, it works by confusing the hell out of everyone, sometimes even those using it.

  • @jimw83296
    @jimw83296 7 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    well, color me impressed!........in 1940, and nary a computer on the entire planet, and yet this!!.....so simple, yet so many possibilities!!!.....genius.

  • @USER-jo7yz
    @USER-jo7yz 10 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    The best simple explanation about the machine.

  • @wolfvictor
    @wolfvictor 9 ปีที่แล้ว +14

    That was the best explanation I could find, thanks!!!

  • @scottfuller5194
    @scottfuller5194 5 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    And if think the Enigma was complex....it was nothing compared to the German Lorenz code machine, a 12 rotor teletypewriter of the highest complexity of the four (4) different code encyphering machines that the Germans used in WWII, the Enigma was used at the lower "tactical" level by the German armed forces and most German government departments, railway service, labor corps, etc and the Lorenz was used by Hitler and his High Command as their "strategic" code encyphering machine.....to transmit orders and receive high level situation reports on those ordered operations.....! The Lorenz was an extremely complex system, far beyond the Enigma....!

    • @ulrichkalber9039
      @ulrichkalber9039 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      and the machine to attack this Code was called colossus. a beast of a machine. a working one is in the national Computer Museum in Bletchley park(it is a separate Museum from the actual Bletchley park). one of the tubes has a production date of 1943, and still works.

    • @michaelbuckwash2412
      @michaelbuckwash2412 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Wait. Colossus solved or “broke” Lorenz?!

  • @burtgummer463
    @burtgummer463 6 ปีที่แล้ว +30

    I found one at a goodwill thrift store back in the 80's
    Was mislabeled as an old typewriter.
    Thanks!

    • @StandingSidewayz
      @StandingSidewayz 4 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Are you being serious? If so, I've gotta hear this story.

    • @zjones9876
      @zjones9876 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      That would be amazing

  • @lordisitmine1
    @lordisitmine1 9 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    Brilliantly explained, a delightful video, thanks !

  • @EMTBonsai
    @EMTBonsai 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    He was actually the best on e I've heard and understood from an enigma explanation 👏

  • @casedistorted
    @casedistorted 9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    ooo this makes it way easier to understand how the Enigma machine worked after watching that movie. The Enigma always fascinated me after watching U-571 as a kid in theaters when it came out.

    • @stevenbennett3805
      @stevenbennett3805 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      The movie U571 was complete rubbish. It was a British destroyer that captured a German U Boat, took the crew prisoner, secured a 4 rotor Kreigsmarine Enigma machine with a complete set of rotors and code books and charts. The Captain of the U Boat was killed while attempting to scuttle the U Boat and the crew was taken to England, imprisoned in completly segregated from other prisoners and held in isolation and allowed no mail or Red Cross contact. This led the German high command to believe the U Boat had been sunk with all hands lost and the code still intact. After that, BP was able to decipher all the German messages and U Boats began sinking at an unprecedented rate. Doesn't make for a very interesting movie but that's what happened. Never rely on Hollywood to portray historical events accurately.

  • @Gytax0
    @Gytax0 10 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    James Grime for the win!

  • @BFree-ge6ms
    @BFree-ge6ms 4 ปีที่แล้ว +38

    One of the Weasley twins when they're muggles.

    • @cessposter
      @cessposter 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Weasly's Mechanical Wheezes

    • @ellenruth5238
      @ellenruth5238 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      HAHAHHAH Exactly

  • @ruantristancarlinsky3851
    @ruantristancarlinsky3851 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    We have to code this for my Computer science class, this helped a lot

  • @stevedevries2891
    @stevedevries2891 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I now know more than I ever thought I would about the Enigma machine, and I don't know what to do with this knowledge...

  • @samspencer582
    @samspencer582 4 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    The best thing ever made. An amazing machine.

  • @bayuidhamfathurachman1276
    @bayuidhamfathurachman1276 9 ปีที่แล้ว +176

    Come here after watching The Imitation Game movie ..

    • @robingergolla9445
      @robingergolla9445 9 ปีที่แล้ว +7

      haha, same

    • @NoseyNick
      @NoseyNick 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      Bayu Idham Fathurachman Cool, so can you spot the "deliberate mistakes" in the movie now? :-D

    • @grumbler1
      @grumbler1 7 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Bayu Idham Fathurachman same) finished watching an hour ago

    • @AlessandroCarpentiero
      @AlessandroCarpentiero 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      Same :D
      I had no idea about what Turing did about it!!

    • @dasboot5903
      @dasboot5903 5 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      @@AlessandroCarpentiero >>> th-cam.com/video/cpRhZaQxnhw/w-d-xo.html

  • @paulneimoyer3201
    @paulneimoyer3201 9 ปีที่แล้ว +44

    If you type an "A" for example, It will NEVER be repeated in the code. There is the flaw. An "A" will never be an "A".

  • @normanedwards7220
    @normanedwards7220 ปีที่แล้ว

    Only last night I watched the film "enigma " it was about the code breakers at Bletchley Park, as a relatively normal human being I could understand most of what was going on , but , I was astounded by the intelligence of those people who cracked the codes ,

  • @asd36f
    @asd36f 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    The Powerhouse Museum in Sydney has an Enigma machine, and 20 odd years I was able to visit the storage area and have a closer look at it - as a WW2 buff, it was a great thrill!

  • @miladirani4313
    @miladirani4313 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    In first vision is very simple with few component inside (keyboard with wire and 3 gears) but i geniusly idea, i love this machine

  • @axlslak
    @axlslak 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I am fascinated by this. And I think some light has been shed on how Alan cracked it. Well, no by himself. The polish cryptologists too. And everyone else.
    But what fascinates me is what we take for granted. Meaning, the cap, the cap that is the same on every enigma machine. Little is said about that. I am sure there's a complete schematic of an enigma machine somewhere on the internet, but I would like to point out that the END part after the rotors, also scrambled letters around but was the same thing on all the machines. it is basically a constant. Without this particular knowledge you wouldn't be able to break the machine.
    And second... the rotors themselves. There's mention of 5 types. The ways wires connect from face 1 to face 2, is extremely important. And relevant. Without having the rotors, Turing wouldn't have been able to make simulations to find the other settings.
    Which leaves (as far as I am concerned) one question. Should we talk about the decisions that went into making that end-cap (dont know how to call it) and the way the 5 rotors are designed? First of all, how does the end cap differ from the 5 other rotors (other than its static) and just how many other rotors we could have? and how come in all this complexity, you know for a fact that A never ever equals A. Seems to me sometime A can equal A. It has 0 relevance, but that's a false statement that you hear about this machine. That a letter can never be encrypted as the same letter. Unless I'm missing something, it is possible one letter to be the same latter encrypted and decrypted.
    Still an amazing simple idea, without a cpu. Just a mechanical contraption that still can give a headache to a modern computer. Its not easy to crack these things. Even if you know how they work.

  • @robertcuminale1212
    @robertcuminale1212 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Very similar to the rotary line switch on a Step by Step or Strowger Telephone Central Office. The switch has hundreds of contacts wired in a sequence so that the switches are used in a predictable order so that the first line finders do not wear out more than the rest at the end of the bank of switches. Instead of the rotary switches to change the sequence a relay matrix is used to set up a pattern of usage. ie: 1-5, 1-5, 6-10, 6-10, 1-10, 1-10 and repeat. This central office came to market in the 1920s.

  • @rohitkumar-wx2uo
    @rohitkumar-wx2uo 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Preconditions to understand the genius of inventor-
    1. U hv seen d movie The Imitation Game
    2. U r a maths lover
    3. U know at least permutation combination.
    4. U must have someone like this narrator in d video to explain things.

  • @Akinius
    @Akinius 6 ปีที่แล้ว +11

    Does anyone know what Enigma simulator he’s using? I really like the way it shows the wiring, but I can’t find it on line anywhere...
    Thanks!

  • @scottfuller5194
    @scottfuller5194 6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    The "keys" are in the rotor wiring.....the daily settings and the actual cypher/code transmitted, thus the Enigma and the Lorenz are only the electro-mechanical encyphering and then deciphering "mechanism.....and by the way, Canada has 14 enigmas and 2 Lorenz NOT the 2 enigma that is stated here.....
    This is a valid descriptive narrative, less a few omitted facts.....

  • @KM6VV
    @KM6VV 4 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Forgot to say, Great video!
    I wonder if one could write a program for a microprocessor to encode/decode similarly.

    • @crazycrab8578
      @crazycrab8578 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      there are now a few programs on internet that do that , I then copy code then past it into my e-mails :)

  • @ChannelReuploads9451
    @ChannelReuploads9451 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Naval Enigma's were supplied with up to 8 rotors at one point, but only 3 rotors used at any one point. in 1942 there were 4 Rotor Enigma's being sent out, which in operation, the 4th rotor was Beta, or Gamma, and did not rotate like the first 3, but was still able to be set to one of the 26 combinations.
    The Monthly code sheets used what is known as 'One time pad', so each code at the end of the day, was discarded, and moved to the next.
    As already said, One Time Pads are great, but regular distribution of new pads was a logistical nightmare.

  • @pipejones1806
    @pipejones1806 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Pretty cool machine, probably still used in present day

  • @bigbob1699
    @bigbob1699 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    There is one on display next to the U 505 in Il.

  • @eat_things
    @eat_things 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    What an amazing dude. Love this guy.

    • @ct92404
      @ct92404 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      sammyich I just watched a couple of videos with him and yeah I agree he's an awesome speaker. I really don't understand why the audience looks so brain dead here.

  • @gregoryhoward89
    @gregoryhoward89 8 ปีที่แล้ว +9

    'There's no pattern to this'
    Oh yes there is!

  • @frederickbowdler8169
    @frederickbowdler8169 ปีที่แล้ว

    Does the key A have a switch that excludes bulb A from lighting up or can someone explain how A never shows bulb A or is that just a very rare event?

  • @JacksonPM23
    @JacksonPM23 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Holy shit, that wiring is genius.

  • @leecambsuk2871
    @leecambsuk2871 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Watched this as currently reading Hut 6 by Gordon Welchman. Would have liked to have seen a removed rotor to get a better understanding of it but overall a good supplement to the paperback I am reading.

  • @brianwills8689
    @brianwills8689 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thank you , that was most informative and very interesting . .!

  • @phamapollo3175
    @phamapollo3175 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    So if I understand it well, Enigma is a coding-decoding machine that can encrypt its own setting instruction, then decrypt it, with many many possibilities in each stage??

    • @vister6757
      @vister6757 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Plug board makes the combination more complex.

  • @martinh9099
    @martinh9099 4 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    Enigma must have worked to some extent as Hitler never had his credit card scammed

  • @coltino99
    @coltino99 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    How is the last column different from the middle one? If only one covers starting position, what’s the other cover?

    • @batchrocketproject4720
      @batchrocketproject4720 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Agreed. Regardless of labels, each rotor only has 26 positions so there's a bit of duplication there.

  • @sriramchandramouli394
    @sriramchandramouli394 8 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    While sending the message, prefixed by the ground setting for example ABCABC (repeated twice) the method is to code it using the same enigma machine and send the ciphertext.
    How will the receiver know to decode that ciphertext as ABCABC to use that as the ground setting for the rest of the message? I thought you need to know the ground setting before to decode anything. Please clarify !

    • @Gigano
      @Gigano 8 ปีที่แล้ว

      +Sriram Chandramouli As far as I understood, you'd use the ground setting from the keysheet to decode the first six letters of an incoming message to get the encoded ground state. Using that setting you then decode the rest of the message.

    • @bluedivide1
      @bluedivide1 8 ปีที่แล้ว

      The prefix message code is noted on the daily setting and sent before setting the sending machine to the prefix for the message so both machines can code/decode the prefix on the same/daily setting and code/decode the message on the prefix setting. They soon altered this start method to a non repeat start code.

    • @lisaavvento9065
      @lisaavvento9065 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      What shocks me is I can answer that question, lol.

    • @rustycherkas8229
      @rustycherkas8229 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Sender:
      1. configure device including setting-up rotors exactly according to daily schedule.
      2. freely choose any three letters, then double the string (like "catcat" or "dogdog" or "sexsex" or "mnomno").
      3. type chosen three letters (twice) on Enigma keyboard and record the resulting 6 encoded letters as a "prefix" (perhaps "qwdfvb").
      4. ignoring the daily rotor setting configuration, (re-)adjust your machine's rotors to match your chosen three letters (eg: "cat").
      5. encrypt 'payload' plaintext appending output to the 'prefix' and transmit entire message. (If payload was "Hello", transmission would be 6 + 5 characters.)
      Receiver:
      1. configure device including setting-up rotors exactly according to daily schedule.
      2: record incoming morse code of what appears to be a gibberish message.
      3. type initial 6 letters on Enigma keyboard (perhaps "qwdfvb") and record decode ("catcat"). (Repetition for quality control, but repetition created weakness.)
      4. (re-)adjust rotors to match those three letters ("cat") - the actual rotor positions used by the sender from the start of this particular 'payload'.
      5. decrypt payload (characters 7, 8, 9, ...) with your machine now being configured exactly the same as the sender's machine for this particular message.

  • @tyfon4429
    @tyfon4429 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    What is it worth ? With five rotors for the submarine forces .⚠️ all fully original, from first hand .
    All funtional. Including the original case. SERIOUS QUESTION.

  • @malgorzatacicholaz4485
    @malgorzatacicholaz4485 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    British in fact did not solve the enigma. It was handed over to them by the Poles. In fact, the "Enigma code was first broken by the Poles, under the leadership of mathematician Marian Rejewski, in the early 1930s. In 1939, with the growing likelihood of a German invasion, the Poles turned their information over to the British, who set up a secret code-breaking group known as Ultra, under mathematician Alan M". British themselves admitted in early 2000 that it would be impossible for British to solve enigma without Polish contribution ( they didn't go as far as telling that Poles did it, but we know otherwise). Movies are one thing; historical facts are the other. Since Poles were trapped behind the Iron Curtain, the British took all the credit for the enigma. The story of Marian Rejewski and his group of mathematicians is really fascinating, much more than a Bletchley Park story, in my opinion, because it shows the incredible dedication of a few men to solve the puzzle that lasted many years. If the movie was done to show real historical facts, I think everyone would be sitting at the edge of their chairs. I think you might be inspired reading the story of Marian Rejewski, if you have time....

  • @alexandarvoncarsteinzarovi3723
    @alexandarvoncarsteinzarovi3723 ปีที่แล้ว

    My grandad still owns, very functional one, he keeps writing to his friends in Argentina, Washington, London, France, Berlin & Moscow, yet he keeps wearing his old electrician helmet when using it, talk about analog

  • @simonjrobinson
    @simonjrobinson 8 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    So how did the sender communicate his personal 3 letter message key?
    Is it a case of:
    1) The sender setting up his enigma machine rotors according to the ground setting for that day (e.g. XYZ).
    2) Choosing his 3 random letter rotor settings for his message key (e.g. ABC).
    3) Typing these 3 letters (twice) at the start of the message.
    4) And then changing his own enigma rotors to his own made up setting (ABC) before typing the main body of the message.
    ?

    • @Pille1842
      @Pille1842 8 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      You got it exactly right.

    • @MrKen-wy5dk
      @MrKen-wy5dk 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      Watch the video again. It's clearly explained.

    • @stevem9529
      @stevem9529 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      Simon R by the end of the war, these machines had up to 8 rotors as well.

    • @beatbeast747
      @beatbeast747 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      you clearly didn't watch the entire video

  • @Warmsunset26
    @Warmsunset26 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    A much simpler explanation as to HOW the machine works.

  • @claycc79
    @claycc79 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    The Brits were trying to decipher the engima, why do you have to deal with trying to decipher the roters and all the alphanumeric conversions. The plugboard pins
    are a 1 to 1 conversion, if you just look at the plugboard conversation which is at the end of the chain, would it not solve the whole problem of trying to deciphering the enigma?

  • @3v1Bunny
    @3v1Bunny 9 ปีที่แล้ว +29

    so i was watching numberphile ...

    • @littlemikey46
      @littlemikey46 9 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      And then seven hours had passed? Yeah same thing happens to me all the time xD

    • @cartermoore9362
      @cartermoore9362 8 ปีที่แล้ว

      here too

  • @kritikacharak3105
    @kritikacharak3105 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you so much! You made it so easy.

  • @ronschwartz5565
    @ronschwartz5565 9 ปีที่แล้ว +38

    But could it sent emojis?

    • @martakoszmider3989
      @martakoszmider3989 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      Oml

    • @sweetsunnydaygirl
      @sweetsunnydaygirl 8 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      +Ron Schwartz Truly laughed out loud, thank you:) I'm absolutely sure and positive that the machine would suddenly and inexplicably fall apart, rotors spinning, keys flying off the keyboards.... in its inept attempt to decode and descramble the innumerable nuances of human emotions farcically conveyed through emojis:)

    • @egeinf
      @egeinf 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      In fact, the emoji "X" was sometimes used to reduce ambiguity (since there were no spaces).

    • @beatbeast747
      @beatbeast747 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      yes, since emoji can be repsented through characters. :)

    • @costa_kaplan3784
      @costa_kaplan3784 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      XD

  • @andreasrother5234
    @andreasrother5234 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Explained well.

  • @martinluka5917
    @martinluka5917 9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Does anyone know where I can find the Enigma Emulator (I know there are others, but I am interested in this one) from the video at 6:30 ?

  • @alfonsoantonromero932
    @alfonsoantonromero932 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Good video. Who was the greatest polymath and why Allan Turing or John von Neumann? Both great mathematicians, forerunners of computer science, logicians, with fundamental importance the last one in economics ...

    • @RasTona_
      @RasTona_ 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      This’s so weird, I had the same disagreement with my CS 101 Professor. Von Neumann is the father Turing is the son, and Computer Science is the Holy-Spirit. I think Turing was supposed to study under Von Neumann at UC Berkeley.
      Von Neumann is everywhere, CompEngineering, Economics, Game Theory. Worked in the Manhattan Project, advised whitehouse ..etc…

  • @michaelmcneil4168
    @michaelmcneil4168 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Previously posted to Drachifeld's channel

  • @weirdsciencetv4999
    @weirdsciencetv4999 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Do these simulations properly handle double stepping

  • @KTIIbot
    @KTIIbot 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Very well explained 👍👍👍👍👍

  • @writer684
    @writer684 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Ke? Didnt understand really but hey never saw this kind of thing before, those germans where quite clever to construct such a thin and even more clever o break it

  • @williamchen5121
    @williamchen5121 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Wow. Amazing

  • @EMTBonsai
    @EMTBonsai 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    There is also 3 in the US one in Vegas think the British one is the only original though they used to get smashed in the field after ww2 by Germans so alot have repo boxes and miss matched serial numbers I've seen 2 they had a pre was metal plate on them the ones durn ww2 had a sticker just under the lid

  • @karolynkelly-okeefe1944
    @karolynkelly-okeefe1944 10 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Nobody ever deciphered a single message sent by the Navajo Code-Talkers of the U.S. Marine Corps during WWII.

    • @vksasdgaming9472
      @vksasdgaming9472 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Of course not as they spoke almost completely unknown, difficult language laden with weird banter which made no sense to anyone outsider. Thus in a sense it wasn't cipher in a sense and it was already used during WW1.

  • @scottfuller5194
    @scottfuller5194 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Interesting but it was only a four rotor electrical-mechanical typewriter capable of double encryption, one for standard tactical secret work and the second level of encryption was then used for OFFICER ONLY messages ...........but the LORENZ was a fully functional automatic teletypewriter cipher machine having 12 rotors and was capable of automatic TRIPLE encryption.....used for strategic top secret communications.....!

  • @JohnSmith-eo5sp
    @JohnSmith-eo5sp 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    The Enigma Cipher Machine is a mechanical pseudo-random sequence generator that scrambles a set of 26 characters

  • @ninjaginger6418
    @ninjaginger6418 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    My grandad worked at bletchley.😎

  • @djmarkalmond
    @djmarkalmond 9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Did anyone ever find out which Enigma Emulator software he used in this presentation? Searched the web, found many others but none match this version? Any Ideas?

    • @Lauracharland
      @Lauracharland 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      +djmarkalmond users.telenet.be/d.rijmenants/en/enigmasim.htm

    • @Music20100608Love
      @Music20100608Love 8 ปีที่แล้ว

      This is similar, but not the exact one. I was also seeking for the Emulator he uses for a long time, but did not succeed.

  • @jaymanu12345
    @jaymanu12345 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    I notice the rotors are turning AS you press a key. I would expect them to turn on a key release to change the code for the next keypress. I guess that means we are always one position ahead, the initial setup being actually never used. clever.

    • @ddelfao
      @ddelfao 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      jaymanu12345 I don't understand what you mean by being one position ahead. Could you please explain to me? :) Thank you.

    • @jaymanu12345
      @jaymanu12345 9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      ddelfao say you position the rotors in position 1 for start. Then press a letter. the rotors will turn to position 2, and then the resulting letter will light up. It will light up according to position 2. Position 1 is never used. Though i'm no expert, only guessing from what I see here, please correct me if that's wrong.

  • @vishalgoel6690
    @vishalgoel6690 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    I cannot find this particular simulator of Enigma used in this video. Can anybody give me the link? This simulator shows the inner wirings as well which is not there in other simulators available on internet.

  • @James_Bowie
    @James_Bowie 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    The presenter failed to mention that there were at least 5 rotors in the set from which 3 were to be used.

  • @annaberwanger4097
    @annaberwanger4097 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks so much! That really helped me!

  • @kylecho2912
    @kylecho2912 9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    it's a triple rotor with no military marking so I believe its a commercial version

    • @YellowSubmarine9628
      @YellowSubmarine9628 9 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      +Kyle Cho Each is £85,250

    • @damanofdreams
      @damanofdreams 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      +Kyle Cho Military, specifically Luftwaffe and Wermacht versions that were used for "the most secure of transmissions" had 5 rotors

    • @kylecho2912
      @kylecho2912 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      I remember seeing a photo with Heinz Guderian in his command vehicle one of his staff was operating a triple-rotor enigma

    • @MCDreng
      @MCDreng 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Commericial Enigmas didn't have a plugboard on the front.

  • @andyjg48
    @andyjg48 9 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    fantastic lecture . you make it learnable ... if thats a word.. whats your name?

    • @NoseyNick
      @NoseyNick 9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      andy glover See where it says "Mathematician and cryptography expert Dr. James Grime" ? ;-)

  • @rk3000100
    @rk3000100 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    j what was easy to crack this code? and the Poles were the only ones who succeeded and shared this knowledge with the whole world

  • @andygrewal1996
    @andygrewal1996 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    master piece

  • @prasadmarathe6276
    @prasadmarathe6276 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    Nice explanation , thnx a lot

  • @christianpatriot7439
    @christianpatriot7439 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    I've never seen it explained anywhere, but am I right in thinking that all possible rotors had 26 numbers, but each individual rotor had its own unique wiring so each rotor was different from all other rotors?

    • @Inkling777
      @Inkling777 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Right! The Germans were suspicious enough that they made changes over time to improve the system. I believe the German army adopted five rotors, any three of which could be used. The German navy was even more aggressive, going to a four-rotor system, which gave the Brits a lot of trouble when it came out. Fortunately, the Germans didn't notice how badly that hurt British intelligence.
      There was another factor that's rarely mentioned. Much of this communication was tactical, meant only for someone a short distance away. To pick it up from hundreds of miles away the British used highly directional rhombic antennas, each wire leg hundreds of feet long, and installed them on 100-foot-high poles. If German aerial intelligence had spotted those antennas, they might have asked why the Brits were going to so much trouble to intercept communications if they could not decrypt them.
      en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhombic_antenna

    • @christianpatriot7439
      @christianpatriot7439 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@Inkling777 The German navy went to 5 rotors once the Germans realized that they were losing U-boats to Allied attacks, but I think the army always used 3. The Lorenz Machine that was used between Hitler and the army high command used 12 rotors.

  • @mahantalok
    @mahantalok 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    when he sent 'HI" and later decoded it he turned the rotor position 2 alphabets back so that TW became HI. but when the reciever recieves the message how would he know 2 turn the rotor back 2 places? is it on the numer of alphabets sent?

    • @James-zs3vm
      @James-zs3vm 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      He only had to move the rotors back twice so they would be set to his original setting (the setting had changed because when he pressed the keyboard twice the rotors moved), the receiver would already know the original setting and thus wouldn't have needed to change back

    • @daniellower72
      @daniellower72 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      The code books had a lot actually 1. Which of the rotors to use in what order. I, II, III. Five rotors in total. 2. The ring settings of the rotors when they turned over. S, D,Y. 3. The starting position of the rotors YYY say. 4. The plug board wirings where letters are swapped. T->B Set all that up and you can start encoding and decoding. Naval enigmas had something else to different kind of reflectors . You can get an idea by playing here. www.lysator.liu.se/~koma/turingbombe/bombe.html. Click the left button to open the box. Click shift to rotate the ring settings on the wheels.

  • @lisaavvento9065
    @lisaavvento9065 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Excellent!

  • @samueljackson6188
    @samueljackson6188 ปีที่แล้ว

    what about numbers? how was that done?

  • @fredricful
    @fredricful 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Enn vist jeg koder med apsolutt alle språk i verden og alfabet va ser da?

  • @KWatson1984
    @KWatson1984 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Anybody else catch that when he says it would light a different bulb each time and he pushes it four times, it lights the same bulb three times?

  • @advocacyofthedevil3621
    @advocacyofthedevil3621 9 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Starting at 10:20 the speaker makes either an error in his calculations or he just read the number wrong for the rotor combinations: 26x26x26= 17576. Not 1576 as he stated. Even his display projection reads 17576. A small mistake, but one that could have changed the outcome of that war.

    • @potterx98
      @potterx98 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      Haha yeah I noticed that. Just misread it, I think. 17576 is the right number.

    • @anticeon
      @anticeon 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      Advocacy Of The Devil damn... you iluminaty i bet you have core i7 processor machine in 1940s.

    • @protectchildrenatallcosts2652
      @protectchildrenatallcosts2652 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      11:36 He said the correct figure.

  • @christiancastro3501
    @christiancastro3501 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    4:22 what happened there? What are the chances of the same focus rising?

  • @christianpatriot7439
    @christianpatriot7439 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    What did the plug board actually do to the machine's internal circuitry?

    • @SlickyPants
      @SlickyPants 5 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      The plug board swapped pairs of letters. At 6:05 in the video, his Enigma simulator has the plug board settings: A-B, C-D, E-F, G-H, I-J, K-L, M-N, O-P, Q-R, S-T. In this example, typing in 'G' would first swap with the letter 'H' before entering the rotors. After hitting the reflector and making its way back it will first go through the plug board before illuminating one of the lamps. In the video, this came back through the rotors as an 'I' but then went through the plug board and was swapped with 'J' before lighting up "J' on the lamp board. The plug board could be used to swap any letter pairs, not just adjacent pairs of letters like in the example in the video. Leaving the plug board empty would not swap any letters and you could have up to 13 pairs of letters if you wanted.
      To summarize, each letter typed goes: keyboard > plug board > 1st rotor > 2nd rotor > 3rd rotor > reflector > 3rd rotor > 2nd rotor > 1st rotor > plug board > lamp board.
      The earliest versions of Enigma were marketed commercially without a plug board which was later added to military Enigmas to increase the number of starting configurations making it more difficult to crack.

  • @user-sb8fi8jq5g
    @user-sb8fi8jq5g 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I still believe this machine is uncrackable !!

  • @gauravwadghule8085
    @gauravwadghule8085 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    its looks like tls handshake and then securely send message

  • @matthewgrissop9408
    @matthewgrissop9408 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    1,26th, A B C. B CD. CDE, example RZURZU, why 2 times, to be absolutely sure it was right

  • @chrisstewart8585
    @chrisstewart8585 9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    There is a pattern if you press "A" over and over. You never get an "A" back, I believe.

    • @vitortomazi6471
      @vitortomazi6471 8 ปีที่แล้ว

      +Chris Stewart even if you´re right, find the letter which mean ''a'' here: ''actkvxwtu'' So, which one of them is ''a''? I dont know either hahaha. Just telling you that this ''pattern'' is insignificant to break the code XD

    • @ferrari2k
      @ferrari2k 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      But you can definitely tell that the first letter "a" is definitely NOT the decoded "a", because the Enigma cannot encrypt a letter to itself.

  • @elWieslaw
    @elWieslaw 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    If it weren't for Polish mathematicians, for a hundred years brits would not know how to get down to this German toy ...

  • @rfdrivetesting2541
    @rfdrivetesting2541 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    which cipher does it use

  • @Gardien48
    @Gardien48 10 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Good work! Where I found something how Turing cracked the code?

    • @NoseyNick
      @NoseyNick 9 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Martin Gardien en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombe is not the whole story, but probably a great place to start. It's the machine shown in the movie, though the movie deliberately skipped the fun-but-complicated stuff, and made a few rather surreal misrepresentations.

    • @scottfuller5194
      @scottfuller5194 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Turing NEVER "cracked the code".......his work was focused on the Enigma MACHINE.....the encryption device......he worked to apply mathematics to work out the complexity of the MACHINE and once he (and several others) accomplished that......he applied his earlier theory that it would take yet another machine to "read" that encryption MACHINE....then he incorporated the Polish solution of their "bomba" (a series of polish enigma replicas wired together) to mathematically work out how his "bombe" could/would/should scrunch down to a workable level the astronomically complex number of possible permutations (combinations of numbers), to simplify the electrical mechanical process to rapidly "break down" the encryption reversing the process to arrive at the original plain text (in German) of the message, then translating that German text into readable English (bearing in mind the German use of quite a high number of military lexicon).....then sending, by hand-carried motorcycle courier, the plain English text to one or more of the British military services operational headquarters for their tactical and/or strategic use......and/or deception planning....soon after their success, the British would send more rapidly and most securely, that English version of the German plain text message to that military services' operational command using a one-time-pad (single use only) British code, encyphered on the British model/version of the enigma, the TypeX cypher machine (had more than six rotors and a three set encryption capability.....).

  • @deeplearningpartnership
    @deeplearningpartnership 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Cool.

  • @Nr.7-Seven
    @Nr.7-Seven 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hmm, still the "own secret code" was basicaly useless if they got the daily code XD they would also solve that code and just set the enigma to that one. But how did they find out how the enigma works and unlocked messages if they didnt have the daily code?

  • @KM6VV
    @KM6VV 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    No number keys on keyboard? I suppose you could spell out the numbers.

  • @fredricful
    @fredricful 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Enn om televerke snapper opp alt dere jør va ser da og koder med det dere alle skriver og spiller på Internett va ser da?

  • @fredricful
    @fredricful 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Kann jeg kode med det china alfabet va ser da?