My God, I was thinking the exact same thing. The ones that did attempt to kick out the crab (and there weren't many of them) forgot that whole aileron thing. Wanted: one CFI to go to NZ to teach crosswind landings. Rudder to the runway, wings to the wind, fellas.
I was one of the pilots competing. For those who are wondering why we were not flying a cross controlled approach the rules for the landing competitions specifically forbid slipping below 100' AGL. I won't get into a debate about crosswind legality other than to comment that there were a couple of very senior instructors running the show and if they had decided it was too dangerous we would not have flown.
@ 4:42 , he says, " it looked really good til it got on the ground." You can't crab to landing. Unless you de-crab before touch down. Look at the sideloading being forced on these planes. I was taught the side slip. Dip a wing to the direction of the wind, apply opposite rudder. That way you maintain center line through the aircraft, the relative wind, and the runway. It feels weird landing on one wheel, but it beats the crap out of ground looping or putting undo stress on the airframe. I made a few landings at KCGX Meigs feild in Chicago,IL. The runways were 36-18. The prevailing wind was out of the west. 90 degree crosswind 9 out of 10 times.
I learned to fly in Buffalo, New York, and it seemed like there was always a vicious wind coming off Lake Erie. I can't begin to count how many times I climbed out of my Piper Cherokee with my shirt sticking to my back!
When I learned to fly way back in the mid 1970s we were taught not to use flaps in a cross wind landing unless absolutely necessary for a very short field which may have been the case here since I had difficulty really determining what they were trying to do. I'm guessing they may have had to set down at the very end of the runway before doing a tough and go. I didn't see to many of them dropping their wing into the wind and adding opposite rudder to keep it aligned with the runway either.
Haha 6 yr old comment but my 2nd lesson my instructor told me to turn away from the wind multiple times and each time we almost had a wing strike and I had no idea other than it felt weird. Long story short I have a new instructor now!
It's not a landing, it's an adventure! Of all the landings in this video, the only one that even resembled proper crosswind technique was FOXTROT MIKE VICTOR @ 9:26. Most landed in a crab, a big no no with tricycle gear....Great video for teaching what NOT to do in a crosswind!
At 2:55, the pilot retracts the flaps in ground effect. Easily the most dangerous maneuver in the video. Instantaneously increases AOA and could have stalled out.
Not quite right. The main reason for retracting the flap AFTER application of full power back to the optimum for maximum increase in lift with minimum drag penalty (10 degrees in the 152 and various other small Cessnas) is to get rid of as much drag as possible. With application of full power, the requirement for lift is augmented by the vertical component of thrust produced by the propellor - at its greatest at full power. Having arrested the descent with application of full power, the angle of attack is greatly reduced because the airflow relative to the wing (the relative airflow) now comes more from ahead of the wing, rather than below it, thus greatly reducing the angle of attack and therefore the risk of stall and the stall speed. The pilot actually did the right thing in the go around by applying full power and reducing the flap setting BUT his crosswind technique is not good, as noted elsewhere - on the flare, drop the into-wind wing to prevent downwind drift and align the nosewheel with rudder etc. Not a sensible day or place to practice this technique in those conditions at all.
Check the POH, a 152 has the its best shortfield performance with some flaps. You are over thinking this. Go around proc: Power up, Pitch up, flaps 2, maintain airspeed. Retracting to flaps 1 or no flaps will cause the loss of lift that you see here. Flaps decrease the angle of attack as well as lengthen the chord line if you want to be technical. flaps 1 is for takeoff, but a go around has specific procedures in retracting flaps for a reason. As a CFII I have recently seen a crash due to this.
DontSkrewWitMe Nope. Wrong again. You are confusing shortfield performance takeoff configuration with the go around procedure. 10 degrees of flap is used during a max performance takeoff but only to get off the ground asap, if that is the requirement, as opposed to obstacle clearance. Granted, flap does augment lift and lower stall speed in any configuration, power on or power off. However, even with only 10 degrees of flap, there will be a degradation of climb performance (both rate and angle of climb) with any flap at all once airborne. Go back and have a look at your drag curves. Any flap at all will produce lift but the penalty is an increase in drag. That cannot be avoided. You need power (thrust) to overcome drag, thrust which otherwise augments lift with its vertical component. You can use 20 degrees of flap and get a slightly shorter ground roll still but the climb performance will be markedly (noticeably) affected. Factors affecting stall speed - Weight, Icing, Load factor, Power, Slots, Slats, Flaps. Back to the go around procedure - take yourself up to 3,000 feet and set yourself up for a fully developed stall in level flight in your 152 - 1800 RPM and full flap. As a CFI, you must be very, very familiar with this procedure. Recover at the onset - let's say at the stall warning. Note that you have not stalled. Recover with full power and raise the flap back to 10 degrees initially, allow the airspeed and then flaps to zero, allowing the airspeed to return to 67 knots. If you cannot do this without any height loss at all, you are not recovering at onset correctly. The go around procedure is slightly different because you are losing altitude but once the go around is initiated, you ought to be able to carry out exactly the same type of recovery. Once full power is applied, there should be no sink - unless you have actually stalled already. In fact, you should have been flight tested yourself on that as a CFI. I would fail you if you could not. On application of full power, I bet you raise the nose sufficiently to arrest any sink, and then start raising the flap to 10 degrees to get rid of that drag. That's what our pilot in this video should have done - carefully. He/she wasn't up to speed in that regard, did not arrest the sink, and in my experience, should not have been flying in those conditions in the first place. Cheers.
+Matt Cox--understood..This video shows how crabbing touchdowns can increase the mechanics business..fixing landing gear attachments and replacing bald spots tires..I have done hundreds, maybe a thousand of those jobs..thanks.. rich clods...
My thought exactly. These guys are crabbing all the way to touch down. Dang guys slip it in and you have the low wing down into the wind and align the runway with rudders. But I’m a tail wheel pilot so what do I know.
Fascinating and unsettling to watch! In Australia, I have recently swapped from a flight school ( who teaches commercial pilots) cross wind landings to crab in then kick straight just before touch down. Now I’m at a country aeroclub (trainer is American trained) who teaches crosswind landings as aileron into wind and keep straight with rudder, landing with wheel into wind first, then opposite wheel, then nose wheel. It was news to me, he couldn’t believe I had never been thought this. He is so insistent that I have to land like this all the time because some little country strips which don’t have a cross strip mean a cross wind landing in unavoidable. Great video
The two techniques are often referred to as "forward slip to land", and "crab and kick". Both result in wing-low touchdowns, only difference is the timing. I prefer crab+kick but both techniques work just fine.
I was taught the wing-low method as 1st choice to avoid imposing dangerous side loads on the gear, even to the point of touching down on one main gear. Otherwise, to crab in you've got to kick it out just right - too early and you get blown across the rwy, too late you can crunch the gear. It never hurts to cheat to the upwind side of the ewy either.
Fritkatz is spot-on with the Boeing thing: in fact, the 777 manuals actually give a crosswind limit above which complete sideslip is prohibited. We both flew the KC-135A (A is for steam, which along with a 25 mile "noise footprint" is what we converted 5,600 pounds of demineralized water into, some takeoffs). You don't dare sideslip in some low-slung jets nowadays, and I never do in the simulator: not enough sensory feel, even in the brand new hi-tech 777-300ER installed last month!
XJET:thanx 4 your 434vids-many conveying the freedom&joy - some the challenge&tribulations of general aviation. But especially for this one which you may have noticed many instructors mention using as a priceless "How NOT to do it" aid in teaching Xwind slip/crosscontrol approaches&landings to new students. In aviation some LEARN from the errors of others. Some like apc467 remain in angry denial. He's introduced a new phrase into the aviation lexicon: "AS CLUELESS AS A KIWI IN A CROSSWIND"
all of this guys are landing with flaps.. I was taught to NOT use flaps with strong crosswinds so the wind affects as less as possible (less "vertical" surface to interact)... it makes sense to me.
FMV @9:22 must still be in flight school......... because he's the only guy that seemed to remember proper crosswind landing technique! Thanks for posting xjet, bout the 6th time I've watched this over the past 6 months or so!
It's been a while for me but I agree, poor crosswind landing technique. They should be landing on the left wheel. Ailerons into the wind, hard right rudder.
@@markrob3 I sure understand the point! My comment was gonna be "What are those pedals on the floor for, I wonder?" A couple of those almost resulted in damage. Nose strut compressed all the way? I believe I'd have to stop and inspect after that. And nobody bothered to kick out the crab! Over and Over! Full flaps in a full crosswind... No wonder there was only one taildragger. All the others have been groundlooped into crumpled wreckage, if this video shows the way they do xwind landings in NZ. Only the most forgiving trike can withstand the abuse of being made to land side=frigging=ways!
Interesting video for a mere RC pilot to watch :) I think anyone who dares to fly, let alone do a cross-wind touch and go, with an MDS registration is very brave. My MDS engines make good paper weights ;)
The first time I ever did a crosswind landing my instructor just kind of watched to see what I'd do, and I naturally "slipped" it without even thinking about it. It was a thing of beauty. Then he TALKED about it, and I could never repeat the performance. And sometimes I'd crab-and-kick just to pretend I was an airline pilot. It's good to know both.
Yes, you need to push the upwind wheel on first. Captain Perfect does this just as he's touching down - so you don't notice. You need downwind rudder to keep the aircraft aligned then a bit more rudder input to counteract the turning tendency of the aileron that you have applied to keep the wing down. The aircraft is essentially aligned straight with the centreline and so is crossed up in the flare.
I am a new pilot, not licensed as of yet. Working on my Cross country now. I experienced crosswind as a student and do to lack of experience as not certain how to land the plane. Unfortunately I was alone when the winds came. Fortunately I did two go around's and landed on a different runway with a headwind thanks to the controller who could see I was struggling. Thanks to all the pilots in here's input. Just trying to learn the best method to land in crosswinds in case I get hit by wind again.
Hope all is going well for you in your training. I had some things that came up and haven't been able to finish yet but I was in a similar situation. My cross country had been put off due to weather for almost 5 weeks. Had a windy day with clear conditions and my instructor said "go" so I went. It was the most turbulent day I'd ever had, and the second airport I landed at only had one runway and it was a direct crosswind. I did end up going around once but got it down. Takeoff was not good due to gusty winds picking up and as I took off I could feel the landing gear slide across the runway. Made it up and was glad it was over. But for crosswinds I always preferred to put aileron in to the wind and opposite rudder to bring the plane level and kick it straight before touchdown. Good luck.
4:00 was a passenger landing in a small Cessna and had to abandon the landing exactly like that. Next time around was good. Arlington Wa. A perfectly executed slip is an amazing thing to be part of .
nice flying! that one where the one guy was too close and went missed with the other guy doing a TAG brought a cold shiver. We had an accident where i was training that was almost textbook exactly the same setup. both pilots lost contact with each other, one climbed into the other. Both spun into a mall parking lot. I was arriving from a cross country flight and saw it happen from a ways away (about 3-5 NM). some guys like to hang lots of flap. In wind I usually run 10 flap max, just watch Vs!
Doesn't surprise that the 150 had the best landing. I'd rent one when they were $20hr wet and never leave the pattern. 12kt with 20kt gust, wing strut lined up with center 70kts on final. Rudder authority and ailerons. Lots of fun. Lots of flaps looks good from the ground but you're better off using as little as possible in heavy cross winds. Practicing slips on calm days really helps with cross controlling on windy days. Helped me.
Aileron into the wind rudder opposite. This will avoid the SEVERE side loads on the landing gear. The attempted three point landings are inappropriate under these conditions. The horizontal component of lift is ignored altogether. ...RC pilots indeed!... I was shouting at my computer while watching this, good thing you couldn't hear me.
+ashley proud Yes spot on Ashley! Not a single pilot got that upwind wing down into the wind and rudder to straighten up the longitudinal axis with the runway centreline.
Wow, haven't seen so much argument over xwind landing technique in a while. In the end some pilot's use the crab (and hopefully kick out before touchdown or convert to side slip) or come in with the side slip low wing approach all the way. From what I've heard this debate has been going on forever. It's what works for each person. I personally use the side slip as that is how I was taught and I was always good at it.
JGP! This video was recommended to me and the first thing I see is JGP. I'm learning to fly in that plane at waikato aviation right now. That's pretty cool!
Rusty Barnett in the POH for the 172 its not more than 20 flap if slipping steeply, you can slip from a short base in a glide approach all the way around that base leg into the flare then remove the slip without any buffet or control issues due to blanketing. As long as the speeds kept under control but the position of the Pitot tube in a slip is at an angle to the airflow so practice is the key, knowing your Airplanes limitations and flying by Angle of attack and attitude are key in slips. You can slip with 30 flap but keep it controlled and slip conservatively, smashing the rudder to the stops and rolling aileron is what the POH is talking about. I practiced firstly at a safe cruising ALT how my Airplane behaves in the slip at various stages of flap with a speed range between 65-70 i felt the blanketing effect at 62kts with full rudder deflection and 3/4 aileron as i let the nose rise (at 5000ft) the speed reduced to 50 and the airplane stalled (higher than 40kts VSO in the 172SP) rolling the opposite direction, full power and nose forward i lost 90 odd feet. So my limits are no slips to moderate angles on approach with 30flap and 70kts. 20 flap same thing, zero flap 75-80kts full deflection if necessary. Once on short final crab/kick strait/ wing into wind opposite rudder (as much as needed!!)
Those planes were being polite, you were filming them, so they looked tat the camera hahaha. Some really look like RC planes, must be scary to land in those conditions.
So how strong was the wind? The pilots seem to be making a meal of it and yet the wind sock is not straight out (unless the sock is calibrated lower than I'm used to??) - certainly a cross wind but I'd generally agree with some of the other comments, wing low, less flap and kick it straight before touch down is the way to go in these conditions!
it's easy to criticize landings from the ground so I try not to do it too much, but a lot of these looked like they're touching down sideways either by having no slip on touchdown or very little slip. That's really hard on the landing gear. In some cases the crosswind is so strong that you can't get enough rudder input to slip and you have to crab a little, but the windsock isn't fully deflected, so they're well within crosswind limits. Just my observation from the ground, which isn't worth much unless I'm up to give-er a go. Edit: I take that back, at the 4 minute mark there's a good 45 degrees or so of crab, idk what lead weights they have in that windsock but it's pretty heavy ;P I still think some more slip could help their approaches, but the wind is obviously quite good.
yeah you will find at toks that the wind socks often indicate completely different things at either end of the runway, which makes it a very challenging runway even on a good day.
Excellent video! I doubt that my little taildragger (Experimental Amateur Built) would have been able to handle that wind. I have to agree with most all of the other comments concerning "kick out", at the end to align with the runway - is definitely hard on the gear with those side loads. Thanks again, N-6395T
Awesome vid! These guys have some real skill.One of the hardest things to do is a cross wind landing and it's even harder in a high wing aircraft since they tend to tip over a lot easier when they are on the ground.Practicing cross wind landings was the only time I have ever started to sweat when the temp outside was 10 degrees F...lol
These are terrible landings. You’re supposed to uncrab it before touchdown and put a wing down into the wind so you don’t land with a huge side load on the main gear. I’m two thirds of the way through the video and I’m yet to see one pilot land without a tremendous side load. All the skills are with the guys and girls who built these planes, not the people flying them
I've got to agree with Bill. Yes, you can crab anything, but when you do you won't know how much input is needed for lateral control once you straighten out (which risks losing the center line and over-stressing the gear). Incidentally, I find this opinion is unanimous among instructors and ATPs alike. Also, "slipping" is not just to lose altitude, which is why we distinguish between forward and side slips.
Is the wing low method taught at all here? Rudder to keep it straight, and aileron to stay on centerline. If I were their mechanic, they'd keep me busy changing gear legs! :-)
+RJ9mech Me thinks that most instructors today teach their students to NOT use the rudder pedals in the traffic pattern or on landing. I don't know what ever happened to the wing-low touchdown method that was taught from the days of the Wright brothers up until these modern times. This looks like a great way to break airplanes.
+RJ9mech Yes, crosswinds can be challenging, but they're less so if you use the wing-low method. Try landing in the crab with a tail-wheel airplane loaded with an aft CG in that much crosswind and you'll understand really fast why the rudder-in-the-flair, wing down method is so important.
@@MegaDavisB Side slipping is definitely the ideal techniques, however these conditions seem to be out of their aircrafts limits. The planes physically might not be able to slip enough to maintain centerline. The stronger the winds, the lower you have to put your wing (and the more opposite rudder you need to keep straight) but at some point your rudder isn't going to be able to deflect any further and you've reached the maximum amount of wind your aircraft can compensate for via slipping. And in that case you'd have to start crabbing. These pilots should probably have given their maximum side slip, then added whatever additional crab was required to maintain track.
Leo, the pilots are in a flying competition. You do 3 circuits and scored on airmanship + precision. A maximum of 50 points flying scored by a instructor in the cockpit and the cones on the runway mark 100m divided into 10m plots. The middle plot gives 50 points and each box out from there you loose 10 points for a max of 100. 3 attempts and the best 2 count. There is a fence 100m back from the middle and if the into wind wheel doesn't hit first you are disqualified. Hence all the go-rounds.
Hey Craig! Your idea of wing to the wind and opposite rudder, is what most people use, since you know that i guess you also fly. When I am landing I tend to maintain my wings level and use only rudder, this is as said by the FAA as the standard procedure, the hard part about it is getting the time right to align the airplane with the centerline so it wont drift and slide on the rwy... But it is up to you... I prefer maintaining wings level and using rudder...
Not standard procedure at all..both methods should be taught. Slips and crabs are equally applicable to light aircraft. Crabbing more suited to heavier aircraft..
good video shooting, thanks. wmfife1 was right...it looked like some tried to kick out of the crab but never dropped the wind-side wing to stay lined up. Looks like most of those week-end-warriors need some instructor time.
A crosswind landing can be performed a couple of ways depending on the type of aircraft and the severity of the winds. In the case of light GA planes like the ones in the video the general rule is to crab (weather vane to track runway heading) then 'side slip' to maintain runway heading while coming out of the crab (so you don't drift like the people in this video kept doing). The big jets can land in a crab (wheels pointing off to one direction), but GA planes need to 'side slip'.
anyone catch why the landing at 3:05 "settling" as the camera guy put it - hint - they immediately lost lift when they removed flaps before they had enough air speed...a cfi would brain you if they where in the plane.
+Dag Auto Most likely got airborne a little too early after retracting the flaps and powering on - therefore finding themselves in the air at a slow speed with the flaps mid-retraction :D
Some of the CFI's now days are "flight managers", and with the curriculum to be followed.......II hate to say this, but "they just don't make pilots like they use to."
Yeah I saw. I couldn't believe he brought the flaps up. When I was training, I did something similar but not as close to the ground, and my CFI about threw me out of the plane.
this happened to me once on training, as you can see he had full flaps which im pretty sure is 40 degrees in the C172 when he bounced and started the go around if you watch closely he retracted full flaps when you are only suppose to drop to 20 degrees initially since the wings lost all flaps he lost lift right there and he got caught in ground loop lucky he didnt stall it and the plane gained enough airspeed to lift off again.
Cool Video as per normal Xjet Bruce. I notice they were all crabbing in, and kicking 'em straight rather than cross control side slipping. I learnt to to fly at Hoxton Park NSW which meant cross winds almost every day due to the tree line on the eastern side of runway 34/16 until the aerodrome was closed down due to damned housing development :( Our flying club used to have fly-ins from Hox to Moruya for Nav exercises, spot landings and BBQ then a fly home up the coast. -B!LL!
The best and safest technique (when you get enough experience with each) is neither crab or slip, but a combination. In a strong Xwind, crab it down to flare because you can get a complete take on the wind angle and gusts. Then drop the upwind wing into the wind while you "kick out" or align the nose wheel with the runway and touch down upwind wheel first, then downwind, then nose. Takes a bit of timing, but I have very safely landed low wings in 28-30 knot crosswind, taught to me by a grizzled old USAF instructor who had flown everything, for 60 years.
It's pretty obvious none of these pilots know how to do a proper crosswind landing. They are all coming in crabbing into the wind. "Ailerons into the wind and rudder to center the nose wheel : you learn that in the first 3 weeks of flight school".
It's obvious when watching the video that most of those landing are completely unsafe. It's also pretty obvious from the radio chatter than most of them are probably retired or older pilots. Most of which probably got their PPL to fly leisurely (something that is WAY too easily attained in the US). Your so called kick out method is fine for large twin engine aircraft but isn't designed smaller tricycle gear single engine aircraft as there's a high probability of tipping if not done perfectly. Learn more, comment less.
Claude Chiasson I was about to say the same. None of these landings I would consider 'safe'. Crabbing is a valid approach technique, but it is not a suitable landing technique. I wouldn't have passed my PPL - let alone CPL with circuits like this...
Claude Chiasson the preferred method in a flight school environment is the side slip method but the kick out method can also be used if the pilot is capable the problem here is the crab is being held all the way to the ground and there is no 'kick out' to align the longitudinal axis of the a/c with the center line.
Because nothing says safety like doing last minute violent movements only metres from the ground... Crab should mor be used below 100ft AGL. you are purposely creating an instable approach.
There are two methods for xwind landings, one is the obvious crab and the other of course is the wing into the wind and opossite rudder. Both are safe and aprropriate for light aircrafts, obviously the wing into wind is ussually preffered into high wing aircrafts due to wing tip clearance down to the touchdown (extreme xwind) BUT to those insisting that crab is not safe, just check how all airliners land (including the last moment kick to the rudder) and there is a good reason for that that has to do with the "higher distortion" of the aircaft aerodynamics in the wing into wind and opposite rudder technique (especcially close to the ground where the wind velocity usually decreases as well its direction changes a bit). In all schools around the world you would learn both of them, noone is less safe than the other for light ACs and in really extreme xwind one should decide which to use or even combine them.
this video made me feel alot better about my landings
Better name for this event might be "Side-Load Rally"
Ancient student pilot in P 38…such landings keep me awake at night…one runway…like it or lump it…often the latter.
Side by SIde!
My God, I was thinking the exact same thing. The ones that did attempt to kick out the crab (and there weren't many of them) forgot that whole aileron thing.
Wanted: one CFI to go to NZ to teach crosswind landings.
Rudder to the runway, wings to the wind, fellas.
I think that I can almost hear John and Martha King...
I'm a ground school instructor and I frequently use this video to show my students how NOT to handle crosswinds.
Exactly. The proper technique here is nonexistent.
I was one of the pilots competing. For those who are wondering why we were not flying a cross controlled approach the rules for the landing competitions specifically forbid slipping below 100' AGL. I won't get into a debate about crosswind legality other than to comment that there were a couple of very senior instructors running the show and if they had decided it was too dangerous we would not have flown.
Ha! I didn't know that this was a competition. That's very different.
My instructor shouted "wing low, LINE IT UP" a lot when I was learning and about to land like that. After seeing this video I need to thank him.
@ 4:42 , he says, " it looked really good til it got on the ground." You can't crab to landing. Unless you de-crab before touch down. Look at the sideloading being forced on these planes. I was taught the side slip. Dip a wing to the direction of the wind, apply opposite rudder. That way you maintain center line through the aircraft, the relative wind, and the runway. It feels weird landing on one wheel, but it beats the crap out of ground looping or putting undo stress on the airframe. I made a few landings at KCGX Meigs feild in Chicago,IL. The runways were 36-18. The prevailing wind was out of the west. 90 degree crosswind 9 out of 10 times.
I learned to fly in Buffalo, New York, and it seemed like there was always a vicious wind coming off Lake Erie. I can't begin to count how many times I climbed out of my Piper Cherokee with my shirt sticking to my back!
Sir, I'm certain that you have gained an OUTSTANDING pilot skill under these side wind condition Cheers !!!
When I learned to fly way back in the mid 1970s we were taught not to use flaps in a cross wind landing unless absolutely necessary for a very short field which may have been the case here since I had difficulty really determining what they were trying to do. I'm guessing they may have had to set down at the very end of the runway before doing a tough and go. I didn't see to many of them dropping their wing into the wind and adding opposite rudder to keep it aligned with the runway either.
I fight like hell to line the P38 up with runway on crosswind and gusty landings…surprised my heart holds up…😂
Haha 6 yr old comment but my 2nd lesson my instructor told me to turn away from the wind multiple times and each time we almost had a wing strike and I had no idea other than it felt weird. Long story short I have a new instructor now!
There is nothing quite like mastering crosswind landings to finally give yourself the title of pilot.
It's not a landing, it's an adventure! Of all the landings in this video, the only one that even resembled proper crosswind technique was FOXTROT MIKE VICTOR @ 9:26. Most landed in a crab, a big no no with tricycle gear....Great video for teaching what NOT to do in a crosswind!
"It looked really good until he got on the ground."
No pilot ever wants to hear that comment, haha.
At 2:55, the pilot retracts the flaps in ground effect. Easily the most dangerous maneuver in the video. Instantaneously increases AOA and could have stalled out.
Not quite right. The main reason for retracting the flap AFTER application of full power back to the optimum for maximum increase in lift with minimum drag penalty (10 degrees in the 152 and various other small Cessnas) is to get rid of as much drag as possible. With application of full power, the requirement for lift is augmented by the vertical component of thrust produced by the propellor - at its greatest at full power. Having arrested the descent with application of full power, the angle of attack is greatly reduced because the airflow relative to the wing (the relative airflow) now comes more from ahead of the wing, rather than below it, thus greatly reducing the angle of attack and therefore the risk of stall and the stall speed. The pilot actually did the right thing in the go around by applying full power and reducing the flap setting BUT his crosswind technique is not good, as noted elsewhere - on the flare, drop the into-wind wing to prevent downwind drift and align the nosewheel with rudder etc. Not a sensible day or place to practice this technique in those conditions at all.
Check the POH, a 152 has the its best shortfield performance with some flaps. You are over thinking this.
Go around proc:
Power up, Pitch up, flaps 2, maintain airspeed. Retracting to flaps 1 or no flaps will cause the loss of lift that you see here. Flaps decrease the angle of attack as well as lengthen the chord line if you want to be technical.
flaps 1 is for takeoff, but a go around has specific procedures in retracting flaps for a reason. As a CFII I have recently seen a crash due to this.
DontSkrewWitMe
Nope. Wrong again. You are confusing shortfield performance takeoff configuration with the go around procedure. 10 degrees of flap is used during a max performance takeoff but only to get off the ground asap, if that is the requirement, as opposed to obstacle clearance. Granted, flap does augment lift and lower stall speed in any configuration, power on or power off. However, even with only 10 degrees of flap, there will be a degradation of climb performance (both rate and angle of climb) with any flap at all once airborne. Go back and have a look at your drag curves. Any flap at all will produce lift but the penalty is an increase in drag. That cannot be avoided. You need power (thrust) to overcome drag, thrust which otherwise augments lift with its vertical component. You can use 20 degrees of flap and get a slightly shorter ground roll still but the climb performance will be markedly (noticeably) affected.
Factors affecting stall speed - Weight, Icing, Load factor, Power, Slots, Slats, Flaps.
Back to the go around procedure - take yourself up to 3,000 feet and set yourself up for a fully developed stall in level flight in your 152 - 1800 RPM and full flap. As a CFI, you must be very, very familiar with this procedure. Recover at the onset - let's say at the stall warning. Note that you have not stalled. Recover with full power and raise the flap back to 10 degrees initially, allow the airspeed and then flaps to zero, allowing the airspeed to return to 67 knots. If you cannot do this without any height loss at all, you are not recovering at onset correctly. The go around procedure is slightly different because you are losing altitude but once the go around is initiated, you ought to be able to carry out exactly the same type of recovery. Once full power is applied, there should be no sink - unless you have actually stalled already. In fact, you should have been flight tested yourself on that as a CFI. I would fail you if you could not.
On application of full power, I bet you raise the nose sufficiently to arrest any sink, and then start raising the flap to 10 degrees to get rid of that drag. That's what our pilot in this video should have done - carefully. He/she wasn't up to speed in that regard, did not arrest the sink, and in my experience, should not have been flying in those conditions in the first place. Cheers.
Yea, he went straight from full flaps to flaps up right over the runway. Good way to smack into the ground lol.
DontSkrewWitMe Retracting the flaps reduces angle of attack, if nothing else changes.
I am a student pilot, thank you for this video boosted my self esteem a bit but who cares
+Matt Cox--understood..This video shows how crabbing touchdowns can increase the mechanics business..fixing landing gear attachments and replacing bald spots tires..I have done hundreds, maybe a thousand of those jobs..thanks.. rich clods...
Looks like a "side load on the landing gear" competition. Pilots in New Zealand don't use side slip???
My thought exactly. These guys are crabbing all the way to touch down. Dang guys slip it in and you have the low wing down into the wind and align the runway with rudders. But I’m a tail wheel pilot so what do I know.
@@jimarcher5255 you know a lot! These guys evidently don’t know what the rudder is for.
I kept viewing to see when someone knew how to side slip, but nope.
4:38 the nosewheel should have been torn off. Are these guys licenced at all?
Perhaps most of them are students trying to obtain their license
@@Taz-Alba or just flying a little bit outside there comfort range trying to get better. Crosswind landing it a bitch and a very perishable skill
@@shadowsrwolf well they’re not going to get anywhere if they can’t get the nose straight with the rudder.
Fascinating and unsettling to watch! In Australia, I have recently swapped from a flight school ( who teaches commercial pilots) cross wind landings to crab in then kick straight just before touch down. Now I’m at a country aeroclub (trainer is American trained) who teaches crosswind landings as aileron into wind and keep straight with rudder, landing with wheel into wind first, then opposite wheel, then nose wheel. It was news to me, he couldn’t believe I had never been thought this. He is so insistent that I have to land like this all the time because some little country strips which don’t have a cross strip mean a cross wind landing in unavoidable. Great video
The two techniques are often referred to as "forward slip to land", and "crab and kick". Both result in wing-low touchdowns, only difference is the timing. I prefer crab+kick but both techniques work just fine.
I was taught the wing-low method as 1st choice to avoid imposing dangerous side loads on the gear, even to the point of touching down on one main gear. Otherwise, to crab in you've got to kick it out just right - too early and you get blown across the rwy, too late you can crunch the gear. It never hurts to cheat to the upwind side of the ewy either.
Fritkatz is spot-on with the Boeing thing: in fact, the 777 manuals actually give a crosswind limit above which complete sideslip is prohibited.
We both flew the KC-135A (A is for steam, which along with a 25 mile "noise footprint" is what we converted 5,600 pounds of demineralized water into, some takeoffs).
You don't dare sideslip in some low-slung jets nowadays, and I never do in the simulator: not enough sensory feel, even in the brand new hi-tech 777-300ER installed last month!
XJET:thanx 4 your 434vids-many conveying the freedom&joy - some the challenge&tribulations of general aviation.
But especially for this one which you may have noticed many instructors mention using as a priceless "How NOT to do it" aid in teaching Xwind slip/crosscontrol approaches&landings to new students.
In aviation some LEARN from the errors of others.
Some like apc467 remain in angry denial.
He's introduced a new phrase into the aviation lexicon:
"AS CLUELESS AS A KIWI IN A CROSSWIND"
all of this guys are landing with flaps.. I was taught to NOT use flaps with strong crosswinds so the wind affects as less as possible (less "vertical" surface to interact)... it makes sense to me.
Yeah, I could see it going that way
I learned to fly at Concord, CA. We practiced side slip as well as crabbing. I preferred to side slip once I learned to do it consistently.
Davis Cal Aggie and FlightSafety guy here..flew into Concord a few times
FMV @9:22 must still be in flight school......... because he's the only guy that seemed to remember proper crosswind landing technique! Thanks for posting xjet, bout the 6th time I've watched this over the past 6 months or so!
Did anyone in this video do ANY crosswind technique training??? I don't think so!
It *is* crosswind training, bro :-)
Yeah, that 152 kept touching down in a crab. Who was his flight instructor?
Zachary Waddell
I might leave this alone from now. No-one seems to understand the point. Seeya!
It's been a while for me but I agree, poor crosswind landing technique. They should be landing on the left wheel. Ailerons into the wind, hard right rudder.
@@markrob3 I sure understand the point! My comment was gonna be "What are those pedals on the floor for, I wonder?" A couple of those almost resulted in damage. Nose strut compressed all the way? I believe I'd have to stop and inspect after that. And nobody bothered to kick out the crab! Over and Over! Full flaps in a full crosswind...
No wonder there was only one taildragger. All the others have been groundlooped into crumpled wreckage, if this video shows the way they do xwind landings in NZ. Only the most forgiving trike can withstand the abuse of being made to land side=frigging=ways!
Great video, nice that you showed us this. Thanks a lot!
Interesting video for a mere RC pilot to watch :)
I think anyone who dares to fly, let alone do a cross-wind touch and go, with an MDS registration is very brave. My MDS engines make good paper weights ;)
This is such a fantastic video. Managed to spot a couple of our planes that are still chugging along at Waikato Aviation in Hamilton (JGP and UFS).
No aileron correction for the wind. If I did this on a flight review, my CFI would probably insist on a couple more lessons before he signed me off.
Neil Laferty absolutely
The first time I ever did a crosswind landing my instructor just kind of watched to see what I'd do, and I naturally "slipped" it without even thinking about it. It was a thing of beauty. Then he TALKED about it, and I could never repeat the performance. And sometimes I'd crab-and-kick just to pretend I was an airline pilot. It's good to know both.
loved this video. one of the best on the net! well done..and thx.
Beautiful to watch! Thanks for posting!
Couldn't agree more. Wing down approach and touch down on the into wind wheel. I actually like cross wing landings.
7:40 He is literally DRIFTING!
Am I late?
The person at the 2:12 mark! Flawless! Beautiful! Bravo
The lanscape looks beatiful. Lucky you to live in a place like that. I cannot complain though.
Yes, you need to push the upwind wheel on first. Captain Perfect does this just as he's touching down - so you don't notice. You need downwind rudder to keep the aircraft aligned then a bit more rudder input to counteract the turning tendency of the aileron that you have applied to keep the wing down. The aircraft is essentially aligned straight with the centreline and so is crossed up in the flare.
Some good and excellent flying ........with lots of comment from the peanut gallery!
I am a new pilot, not licensed as of yet. Working on my Cross country now. I experienced crosswind as a student and do to lack of experience as not certain how to land the plane.
Unfortunately I was alone when the winds came. Fortunately I did two go around's and landed on a different runway with a headwind thanks to the controller who could see I was struggling. Thanks to all the pilots in here's input. Just trying to learn the best method to land in crosswinds in case I get hit by wind again.
Hope all is going well for you in your training. I had some things that came up and haven't been able to finish yet but I was in a similar situation. My cross country had been put off due to weather for almost 5 weeks. Had a windy day with clear conditions and my instructor said "go" so I went. It was the most turbulent day I'd ever had, and the second airport I landed at only had one runway and it was a direct crosswind. I did end up going around once but got it down. Takeoff was not good due to gusty winds picking up and as I took off I could feel the landing gear slide across the runway. Made it up and was glad it was over. But for crosswinds I always preferred to put aileron in to the wind and opposite rudder to bring the plane level and kick it straight before touchdown. Good luck.
Incredible. Great flying guy.
4:00 was a passenger landing in a small Cessna and had to abandon the landing exactly like that.
Next time around was good.
Arlington Wa.
A perfectly executed slip is an amazing thing to be part of .
hats off to all the pilots. well done. good control.
FANTASTIC Video ... THANKS dude ...
this is one of the coolest ga videos I've seen on youtube
That gliding technique to landing scared the crap out of me
that was a cool video. must have been a fun day.
Wow that is crazy. Those pilots are very good. The planes are standing still mid-air for crying out loud .. And the insane touch and go.. Love it..
nice flying! that one where the one guy was too close and went missed with the other guy doing a TAG brought a cold shiver. We had an accident where i was training that was almost textbook exactly the same setup. both pilots lost contact with each other, one climbed into the other. Both spun into a mall parking lot. I was arriving from a cross country flight and saw it happen from a ways away (about 3-5 NM).
some guys like to hang lots of flap. In wind I usually run 10 flap max, just watch Vs!
This is a great video. Thanks for posting.
Well, here in BC Canada, we are taught to NOT use flaps for severe crosswind landings, and NEVER touch down while still crabbing?? Yikes
Some scary flying right here. The guy at 3:00 very nearly stalled due to raising flaps to quickly after taking off...
Doesn't surprise that the 150 had the best landing.
I'd rent one when they were $20hr wet and never leave the pattern.
12kt with 20kt gust, wing strut lined up with center 70kts on final. Rudder authority and ailerons. Lots of fun.
Lots of flaps looks good from the ground but you're better off using as little as possible in heavy cross winds.
Practicing slips on calm days really helps with cross controlling on windy days. Helped me.
Aileron into the wind rudder opposite. This will avoid the SEVERE side loads on the landing gear. The attempted three point landings are inappropriate under these conditions. The horizontal component of lift is ignored altogether. ...RC pilots indeed!... I was shouting at my computer while watching this, good thing you couldn't hear me.
+ashley proud Yes spot on Ashley! Not a single pilot got that upwind wing down into the wind and rudder to straighten up the longitudinal axis with the runway centreline.
Thank you.
I especially love the C180 taildragger, no slip whatsoever. Thoroughly surprised he didn't flip that plane, or at least bend a gear or two.
Wow, haven't seen so much argument over xwind landing technique in a while. In the end some pilot's use the crab (and hopefully kick out before touchdown or convert to side slip) or come in with the side slip low wing approach all the way. From what I've heard this debate has been going on forever. It's what works for each person. I personally use the side slip as that is how I was taught and I was always good at it.
Well said ! Debate is only from partially trained or even FS only "pilots".
They're NOT kicking out! Which is what we're in disbelief over. LOL
Nothing like nailing a X-Wind landing!:) Lots of fun!
Almost a few nails in some coffins there too
Nice video...enjoyed it!
JGP! This video was recommended to me and the first thing I see is JGP. I'm learning to fly in that plane at waikato aviation right now. That's pretty cool!
Excellent. Drop into the airfield some time when you're solo or doing cross-country training.
I was hoping to see some of the aircraft equipped with Crosswind Landing Gear (sure would have made it easier). Great video.
That's a nice video!! :)
Holy crap. I start landing for the first time next week and not going to lie this scares the crap out of me.
Nice video i enjoyed watching. Greetings from sunny Jamaica.
Rusty Barnett in the POH for the 172 its not more than 20 flap if slipping steeply, you can slip from a short base in a glide approach all the way around that base leg into the flare then remove the slip without any buffet or control issues due to blanketing. As long as the speeds kept under control but the position of the Pitot tube in a slip is at an angle to the airflow so practice is the key, knowing your Airplanes limitations and flying by Angle of attack and attitude are key in slips.
You can slip with 30 flap but keep it controlled and slip conservatively, smashing the rudder to the stops and rolling aileron is what the POH is talking about.
I practiced firstly at a safe cruising ALT how my Airplane behaves in the slip at various stages of flap with a speed range between 65-70 i felt the blanketing effect at 62kts with full rudder deflection and 3/4 aileron as i let the nose rise (at 5000ft) the speed reduced to 50 and the airplane stalled (higher than 40kts VSO in the 172SP) rolling the opposite direction, full power and nose forward i lost 90 odd feet. So my limits are no slips to moderate angles on approach with 30flap and 70kts. 20 flap same thing, zero flap 75-80kts full deflection if necessary. Once on short final crab/kick strait/ wing into wind opposite rudder (as much as needed!!)
Those planes were being polite, you were filming them, so they looked tat the camera hahaha. Some really look like RC planes, must be scary to land in those conditions.
Nice Video!
Beautiful...thanks
So how strong was the wind? The pilots seem to be making a meal of it and yet the wind sock is not straight out (unless the sock is calibrated lower than I'm used to??) - certainly a cross wind but I'd generally agree with some of the other comments, wing low, less flap and kick it straight before touch down is the way to go in these conditions!
If correct techniques (forward slip) were employed, this would be much less dramatic.
I think you are right mark. Not one did I see with proper x wind landings.
any landing you can use the airplane again is a great One !
it's easy to criticize landings from the ground so I try not to do it too much, but a lot of these looked like they're touching down sideways either by having no slip on touchdown or very little slip. That's really hard on the landing gear.
In some cases the crosswind is so strong that you can't get enough rudder input to slip and you have to crab a little, but the windsock isn't fully deflected, so they're well within crosswind limits.
Just my observation from the ground, which isn't worth much unless I'm up to give-er a go.
Edit: I take that back, at the 4 minute mark there's a good 45 degrees or so of crab, idk what lead weights they have in that windsock but it's pretty heavy ;P
I still think some more slip could help their approaches, but the wind is obviously quite good.
This was certainly fun to watch. Well, except maybe for the 152. That guy was scaring me...
yeah you will find at toks that the wind socks often indicate completely different things at either end of the runway, which makes it a very challenging runway even on a good day.
Good time for a "cross control" landing!
good to see pilots who really earn their wings
6:57 best looking Straight tail ive seen in ages! Love the paint!
It'sanoldschoolone.
Excellent video! I doubt that my little taildragger (Experimental Amateur Built) would have been able to handle that wind. I have to agree with most all of the other comments concerning "kick out", at the end to align with the runway - is definitely hard on the gear with those side loads. Thanks again, N-6395T
Awesome vid! These guys have some real skill.One of the hardest things to do is a cross wind landing and it's even harder in a high wing aircraft since they tend to tip over a lot easier when they are on the ground.Practicing cross wind landings was the only time I have ever started to sweat when the temp outside was 10 degrees F...lol
These are terrible landings. You’re supposed to uncrab it before touchdown and put a wing down into the wind so you don’t land with a huge side load on the main gear. I’m two thirds of the way through the video and I’m yet to see one pilot land without a tremendous side load. All the skills are with the guys and girls who built these planes, not the people flying them
I've got to agree with Bill. Yes, you can crab anything, but when you do you won't know how much input is needed for lateral control once you straighten out (which risks losing the center line and over-stressing the gear). Incidentally, I find this opinion is unanimous among instructors and ATPs alike. Also, "slipping" is not just to lose altitude, which is why we distinguish between forward and side slips.
Is the wing low method taught at all here? Rudder to keep it straight, and aileron to stay on centerline. If I were their mechanic, they'd keep me busy changing gear legs! :-)
+RJ9mech Me thinks that most instructors today teach their students to NOT use the rudder pedals in the traffic pattern or on landing. I don't know what ever happened to the wing-low touchdown method that was taught from the days of the Wright brothers up until these modern times. This looks like a great way to break airplanes.
Yes sir. In spite of critiques though, this is quite a challenging day. ☺
+RJ9mech Yes, crosswinds can be challenging, but they're less so if you use the wing-low method. Try landing in the crab with a tail-wheel airplane loaded with an aft CG in that much crosswind and you'll understand really fast why the rudder-in-the-flair, wing down method is so important.
@@MegaDavisB Side slipping is definitely the ideal techniques, however these conditions seem to be out of their aircrafts limits. The planes physically might not be able to slip enough to maintain centerline.
The stronger the winds, the lower you have to put your wing (and the more opposite rudder you need to keep straight) but at some point your rudder isn't going to be able to deflect any further and you've reached the maximum amount of wind your aircraft can compensate for via slipping. And in that case you'd have to start crabbing.
These pilots should probably have given their maximum side slip, then added whatever additional crab was required to maintain track.
i love flying model rc planes and im also doing my PPL so this was very interesting
Hi, what are you doing now?
Leo, the pilots are in a flying competition. You do 3 circuits and scored on airmanship + precision. A maximum of 50 points flying scored by a instructor in the cockpit and the cones on the runway mark 100m divided into 10m plots. The middle plot gives 50 points and each box out from there you loose 10 points for a max of 100. 3 attempts and the best 2 count. There is a fence 100m back from the middle and if the into wind wheel doesn't hit first you are disqualified. Hence all the go-rounds.
Hey Craig! Your idea of wing to the wind and opposite rudder, is what most people use, since you know that i guess you also fly. When I am landing I tend to maintain my wings level and use only rudder, this is as said by the FAA as the standard procedure, the hard part about it is getting the time right to align the airplane with the centerline so it wont drift and slide on the rwy... But it is up to you... I prefer maintaining wings level and using rudder...
Not standard procedure at all..both methods should be taught. Slips and crabs are equally applicable to light aircraft. Crabbing more suited to heavier aircraft..
That was a bit hairy with the go-around and an overshoot. Great video!
I like your video
Well said, just what i was thinking.
Don't know what happened to putting your into wind wheel down first.
Awesome video!!!:)
good video shooting, thanks. wmfife1 was right...it looked like some tried to kick out of the crab but never dropped the wind-side wing to stay lined up. Looks like most of those week-end-warriors need some instructor time.
A crosswind landing can be performed a couple of ways depending on the type of aircraft and the severity of the winds. In the case of light GA planes like the ones in the video the general rule is to crab (weather vane to track runway heading) then 'side slip' to maintain runway heading while coming out of the crab (so you don't drift like the people in this video kept doing). The big jets can land in a crab (wheels pointing off to one direction), but GA planes need to 'side slip'.
These guys would make fantastic tailwheel pilots!
Glad I didn't learned to fly in NZ that's for sure .must have been training day for early student
Do they teach cross wind landing technique in NZ? By the looks of it, no one had a clue how to do it successfully.
Holy crap thats a huge crosswind for cessnas
anyone catch why the landing at 3:05 "settling" as the camera guy put it - hint - they immediately lost lift when they removed flaps before they had enough air speed...a cfi would brain you if they where in the plane.
+Dag Auto Most likely got airborne a little too early after retracting the flaps and powering on - therefore finding themselves in the air at a slow speed with the flaps mid-retraction :D
I was taught that during touch & goes that you put the flaps up then add full power else you will get that settling.
Some of the CFI's now days are "flight managers", and with the curriculum to be followed.......II hate to say this, but "they just don't make pilots like they use to."
Yeah I saw. I couldn't believe he brought the flaps up. When I was training, I did something similar but not as close to the ground, and my CFI about threw me out of the plane.
this happened to me once on training, as you can see he had full flaps which im pretty sure is 40 degrees in the C172 when he bounced and started the go around if you watch closely he retracted full flaps when you are only suppose to drop to 20 degrees initially since the wings lost all flaps he lost lift right there and he got caught in ground loop lucky he didnt stall it and the plane gained enough airspeed to lift off again.
Thanks for the upload ope you get time to film some more thanks .
totally right! no one used rudder and wings down to straighten the ACFT
@3:00....why you don't retract flaps until you have established a positive rate of climb away from the ground
Cool Video as per normal Xjet Bruce. I notice they were all crabbing in, and kicking 'em straight rather than cross control side slipping. I learnt to to fly at Hoxton Park NSW which meant cross winds almost every day due to the tree line on the eastern side of runway 34/16 until the aerodrome was closed down due to damned housing development :(
Our flying club used to have fly-ins from Hox to Moruya for Nav exercises, spot landings and BBQ then a fly home up the coast. -B!LL!
Aside from never coming out of crab, pulling up all your flaps at the same time you're coming out of ground effect gives me heart burn!
Tokoroa (NZTO) Runway 31 was in use, wind was approx 230degrees @ 15kts gusting 20.
The best and safest technique (when you get enough experience with each) is neither crab or slip, but a combination. In a strong Xwind, crab it down to flare because you can get a complete take on the wind angle and gusts. Then drop the upwind wing into the wind while you "kick out" or align the nose wheel with the runway and touch down upwind wheel first, then downwind, then nose. Takes a bit of timing, but I have very safely landed low wings in 28-30 knot crosswind, taught to me by a grizzled old USAF instructor who had flown everything, for 60 years.
It's pretty obvious none of these pilots know how to do a proper crosswind landing. They are all coming in crabbing into the wind. "Ailerons into the wind and rudder to center the nose wheel : you learn that in the first 3 weeks of flight school".
It's obvious when watching the video that most of those landing are completely unsafe. It's also pretty obvious from the radio chatter than most of them are probably retired or older pilots. Most of which probably got their PPL to fly leisurely (something that is WAY too easily attained in the US). Your so called kick out method is fine for large twin engine aircraft but isn't designed smaller tricycle gear single engine aircraft as there's a high probability of tipping if not done perfectly. Learn more, comment less.
Claude Chiasson
I was about to say the same. None of these landings I would consider 'safe'. Crabbing is a valid approach technique, but it is not a suitable landing technique. I wouldn't have passed my PPL - let alone CPL with circuits like this...
Claude Chiasson
the preferred method in a flight school environment is the side slip method but the kick out method can also be used if the pilot is capable the problem here is the crab is being held all the way to the ground and there is no 'kick out' to align the longitudinal axis of the a/c with the center line.
Because nothing says safety like doing last minute violent movements only metres from the ground... Crab should mor be used below 100ft AGL. you are purposely creating an instable approach.
There are two methods for xwind landings, one is the obvious crab and the other of course is the wing into the wind and opossite rudder. Both are safe and aprropriate for light aircrafts, obviously the wing into wind is ussually preffered into high wing aircrafts due to wing tip clearance down to the touchdown (extreme xwind) BUT to those insisting that crab is not safe, just check how all airliners land (including the last moment kick to the rudder) and there is a good reason for that that has to do with the "higher distortion" of the aircaft aerodynamics in the wing into wind and opposite rudder technique (especcially close to the ground where the wind velocity usually decreases as well its direction changes a bit). In all schools around the world you would learn both of them, noone is less safe than the other for light ACs and in really extreme xwind one should decide which to use or even combine them.