Kantian Ethics - The Categorical Imperative's Second Formulation

Study Guide Questions:
1. What is an imperative?
2. What is it for an imperative to be categorical?
3. What is it for an imperative to be hypothetical?
4. How many categorical imperatives are there, according to Kant?
5. What is the “second formulation” of Kant’s categorical imperative?
6. What is humanity, in Kant’s sense of the term?
7. What is are means and ends?
8. What is it to treat someone as a mere means?
9. What does it mean to say that a person cannot consent to something in principle?
10. What is an easy example of treating someone as a mere means?
11. What is it to treat someone as an end?
12. So how do the utilitarian and the Kantian disagree, basically?