Diabetes Insipidus, Causes, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment.

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Chapters
0:00 Introduction
0:37 Causes of Diabetes insipidus
3:49 Symptoms of Diabetes insipidus
4:10 Diagnosis of Diabetes insipidus
5:04 Treatment of Diabetes insipidus
Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a condition characterized by large amounts of dilute urine and increased thirst.[1] The amount of urine produced can be nearly 20 liters per day.[1] Reduction of fluid has little effect on the concentration of the urine.[1] Complications may include dehydration or seizures.[1]
There are four types of DI, each with a different set of causes.[1] Central DI (CDI) is due to a lack of the hormone vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone).[1] This can be due to injury to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland or genetics.[1] Nephrogenic DI (NDI) occurs when the kidneys do not respond properly to vasopressin.[1] Dipsogenic DI is a result of excessive fluid intake due to damage to the hypothalamic thirst mechanism.[1] It occurs more often in those with certain psychiatric disorders or on certain medications.[1] Gestational DI occurs only during pregnancy.[1] Diagnosis is often based on urine tests, blood tests and the fluid deprivation test.[1] Diabetes insipidus is unrelated to diabetes mellitus and the conditions have a distinct mechanism, though both can result in the production of large amounts of urine.[1]
Treatment involves drinking sufficient fluids to prevent dehydration.[1] Other treatments depend on the type.[1] In central and gestational DI, treatment is with desmopressin.[1] Nephrogenic DI may be treated by addressing the underlying cause or the use of a thiazide, aspirin or ibuprofen.[1] The number of new cases of diabetes insipidus each year is 3 in 100,000.[4] Central DI usually starts between the ages of 10 and 20 and occurs in males and females equally.[2] Nephrogenic DI can begin at any age.[3] The term "diabetes" is derived from the Greek word meaning siphon.[5]
Excessive urination and extreme thirst and increased fluid intake (especially for cold water and sometimes ice or ice water) are typical for DI.[6] The symptoms of excessive urination and extreme thirst are similar to what is seen in untreated diabetes mellitus, with the distinction that the urine does not contain glucose. Blurred vision is a rarity. Signs of dehydration may also appear in some individuals, since the body cannot conserve much (if any) of the water it takes in.[citation needed]
Extreme urination continues throughout the day and the night. In children, DI can interfere with appetite, eating, weight gain and growth, as well. They may present with fever, vomiting or diarrhea. Adults with untreated DI may remain healthy for decades as long as enough water is consumed to offset the urinary losses. However, there is a continuous risk of dehydration and loss of potassium that may lead to hypokalemia.[citation needed]

[@denis_ursu5487]

Nice

[@letsgolf7187]

Great video as always, thank you doc for making these 🙏🏼

[@ibrahimsoofe5921]

Thanks you Very much Doctor

[@fry_productions]

Can diabetes insipidus cause extreme fatigue and peripheral vision loss, as well as frequent urination and thirst? My blood sugar is normal.

[@diy_cat9817]

I wonder if I have this issue. I go out of my way to drink just enough water, in fact I feel constantly dehydrated because I literally cannot hold water. But my urine never looks dehydrated. It feels like no matter how much I drink, my body just doesn't do anything with it. Even if I drink a ton of water, it just goes right through me. It's infuriating.
Even right now, I've been drinking at least a gallon a day and I still feel dehydrated. My lips are chapped constantly.
I have a few of the causes but despite having complained about this, no one's ever told me this existed.

[@cilliancloverstevenchubb12]

How are you now? I feel you?
I have the same problem.

[@LA-cm9uo]

I'm the same, I've been this way for years. Always thirsty and always peeing. Skin around mouth has been dry for years and keeps chapping. I am going for blood tests tomorrow.

[@lilyfullery4779]

@@LA-cm9uo is it fine now ?? I m dealing with same problem

[@MegaDiddlemaus]

Bet lots of people are suffering such illness but not treated accordingly

[@Kwaka28]

I'm in the same problem as well. I have been sick now for over 3 year's.lost 33kg of weight. Drink water constantly and just get up 4/5 times a night to urinate. I'm ready to quit.. honestly..

[@annmacleod1099]

If it was mental illness that was cause of the drinking too much water they would not have the other symtoms with the condition if you have the other symtoms and thurst then yes there is symtoms drinking a lot of water anyone can do that

[@MrHannah789]

No "our" normal water percentage is not 60%. It is 60% percent for men but have you heard of something called women?