Dude I've been wanting to get into the internet business this video blew my freaking mind I absolutely love it it was so good I even subscribed to you freaking awesome video 🥰🤩
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@@AmphenolBroadband I’m about 10 years in telecom, always interested on the history and the current make up of the infrastructure. The how and why’s. So interesting!
Outstanding video, I love it. I have a question. I live in a country where DOCSIS 3.0 is still used. If my Cable ISP were to migrate to DOCSIS 3.1 (or 3.1 Full Duplex) or any newer DOCSIS standard, would they only need to change the CMTS equipment at the headend and issue each subscriber a new DOCSIS modem, or would they also have to swap out all optical nodes and amplifiers as well?
To fully answer one would have to know more about the system. However, DOCSIS changes are done in the headend at the CMTS and adding increased bandwidth to allow for faster speeds. I am sure the current modem will continue to work but not at DOCSIS 3.1 or 4 speeds. Think of your cell phone. Older versions continue to work but they won’t operate at 5G, its different software. No plant changes should be needed, the operator just puts more bandwidth into the DOCSIS platform for the speed increases.
So, the question is: How many signals are injected into the truck? There are many deciding factors that go into the number of signals/channels that can be deployed in a network (down a piece of cable). One of those factors is bandwidth. This bandwidth is determined by the MSO and is also licensed from the FCC. Another factor is the size of the cable. This really does determine the actual amount but will determine the distance that the signals can travel before falling off in the spectrum. There are different cable sizes out there that support a trunk run and they are determined by the Operator/MSO. The cable that Amphenol deploys for MSO’s is rated for 1.2 MHz, if you look at an Analog system then that would be around 158 channels @ 1.2 MHz that could be deployed, when you go to digital deployment it is going to depend on the compression ratio for the channels being deployed, but still is going to be determined by the bandwidth being deployed by the MSO (analog: 500 MHz = 70ch; 750 MHz = 116ch; 875 MHz = 137ch). The standard trunk sizes start around 0.750 inches and go up to 1.250 inches in diameter. if you look at this in a standard sizing chart it is all based off an inch sizing. For instance: 0.750 = ¾ of an inch, 1.250 = 1 ¼ of an inch.
@@AmphenolBroadband Thank you for taking your time to answer. Sorry, my English is not perfect and my question was not understood. The answer I expected was "using a combiner". I'm trying to start a small community antenna with a few channels, and I'm finding out what the basic achitecture should be at the Head End. Thank you!
Coaxial cable used by the cable operators or the DTV providers can be used for over the air antenna signals without any issues. You will need to ensure this cable is no longer being used to feed your devices from the providers as you will run into issues if trying to use an antenna and a providers services simultaneously on the same cable.
So what I want to understand is the theory involved with simultaneous bi directional transmission of up/down signals on a single copper core. Seems like someone once told me that higher / lower frequencies would gravitate either towards the middle of the core, as opposed to the outer part of the core. Is this correct?
You are absolutely correct in your assumption. The lower the frequency the further into the core of the center conductor the signal propagates on. Since we are dealing with MHz (Million Hertz) the signal is actually propagating on the skin of the center conductor. This is why it is important to inspect each connector to ensure corrosion is not present on the conductor. If corrosion is found which can be seen as a black oxidation or a white powder substance from the aluminum corroding it is best to replace the cable drop. A quick google search of the term SKIN EFFECT will provide you with a vast amount of information on this topic. Thank you for watching.
so i'm kind of paranoid about this....but i have fiber running to a node from my house..is it possible for that node to convert the light to electric and send the signal to the isp? with a cable connection? my ISP says "100% pure fiber" ...so yea...i was wondering if the fiber line from my house is 100% all the way to the ISP office..because i know nodes are used..so yea ...the fiber cable from my house to the node and from the node, cable coaxial to the isp..is that possible?
Great question, there are two different type of architectures that are typically used. One being a Hybrid Fiber network that utilizes coaxial cable and Fiber that is fed through a distribution system back to a node which takes the signal and converts it light which is sent back to the head-end for processing and vice versa. The other type of network would be a fully optical network which utilizes a continuous fiber connection from the providers head-end to the side of your home using a device called an NIU or “Network Interface Unit” on the outside of your home or possibly an ONT or “Optical Network Terminal” inside of you home. These devices are the point of demarcation for the provider. The light signal will most likely be converted to Ethernet, Wireless or back to coaxial cable so you can utilize the services within the home.
I do appreciate the video, but you got one thing wrong. The "digital" signal that goes down the coaxial line uses qam to modulate the analog signals as digital. These waves are still analog, but they represent digital bits. To a beginner, digital can be described as 0s and 1s.. quam is a type of modulation that allow waves to represent 0s and 1s instead of picture, color, and sound. Qam is easier to explain on paper, but it's basically a multiplied version of PSK. PSK shifts the phase of a carrier wave in order to make the wave represent 1 or 0. It's easy to understand if you lookup a picture. Anyways, the video overall does a good job of explaining things except where it describes sampeling as a means to make the signal digital. Sampling does happen at the CPE but not in the context showcased in the video.
Hi, got a question when you lay out the fiber from Central office is it shared amongst head and amplifier or is it to each individual had an amplifier.
A typical HFC (Hybrid Fiber Coax) Network utilizes a fiber connection from their headend, Hub or central office to offer forward communication and return communication to/from a fiber optic node. In some cases a single fiber is dedicated to one node, but if the need for expansion occurs and an additional fiber is not available the fiber is split utilizing the one of many wavelengths or channels available on the fiber to feed multiple nodes. From the node the light on the fiber is converted to RF and is then fed out to the subscribers. From the node the signal travels through the coaxial distribution system which feeds a couple of homes or potentially hundreds of homes depending on how the system is designed. If the distance from the fiber optical node to the end user is long enough it may require the signal to be amplified before it reaches the end users home.
@@AmphenolBroadband HI. Amphenol Broadband. Start with wonder thank you very much for the information much appreciated. I live in Sydney Australia and about to get HFC, so I’ve decided to conduct as much research as I can possibly do Ben and amateur and not knowing much about the subject is proved bit a bit of challenge. One of the drummers with getting HFC in Australia the NBN will only install the cable to the nearest point of the trunk cable, in my case that is a under a bed in the bedroom and that will cost me $92. Then I have to pay an installer relocated to where it should be costing me there about another $200 extremely frustrating.
For new technician’s interested in the field of Telecommunications, many programs are available online to help you reach your goal to better understanding the coax network. There are many programs out there to assist you such as the SCTE and the NCTI www.ncti.com/certificates-degrees www.scte.org If you are looking to start working right away and get hands on field knowledge, a quick search for Cable Installer Positions are widely available on just about any job positing site in the country. Taking the steps to becoming a skilled technician starts with understanding the basics and working your way up. Starting with a local contractor will allow you to see first-hand what it takes to be an installer.
Very interesting it does look like Virgin Media uses this cable TV/Broadband, IPVOP in UK i have been with the same cable company since the days of Telecential back in 1992 still using broadband cable since 1998 and have upgraded speed over the time next upgrade with me 1GB broadband.... other competition cannot match that speed in my area,
That is correct, each neighborhood that utilizes an HFC Network to deliver a broadband connection has a fiber optic node that converts the signal from light to RF and then is distributed throughout the network. Since all of the subscribers are essentially connected to one pipeline, if the node is not even distributed meaning you have too many subscribers over utilizing the bandwidth this can cause a slowdown in the network.
sooo, why they didnt use fiber since the begining? if they should have invested in fiber, the money they could have saved would be bigger. cable companies should migrate right now to fiber cuz they will die if they dont
That is a great question and one that comes up often. The reasoning behind not going full fiber is that the networks were not ready for full fiber at that time. When the neighborhoods were initially developed the cost to go full fiber to the home was very expensive and didn’t make sense for the operators to utilize that technology. The operator are now installing fiber in most of the new construction areas since the plant needs to be installed to feed the subscribers and is a much cheaper solution. Fiber optics will at some point feed all of the homes in America but will take a long time to completely transition over as there are hundreds of thousands of miles of RF plant already installed in the ground and overhead.
Fiber is extremely expensive to install and maintain, it also isn't very durable. Coax is very easy to work with, the average person can terminate their own cables for only a few bucks worth of tools. Not so with fiber. Splicing or terminating fiber requires training and specialized equipment which costs thousands. Some fusion splicers can cost upwards of around $10,000 or more. While there are mechanical splices on the market, it still is a complex process. Fiber has to be cleaned and kept clean. Any dust or dirt will degrade signal quality. It's also not safe to work with as you are working with tiny fragments of glass. Don't get me wrong, I love fiber and it is the future, but it isn't as user friendly as coax. Most CATV systems use fiber for transmission and coax for distribution and drops. I'm not sure you will see a true FTTH architecture in place here in the US. It might be practical for metro areas but probably not very practical for rural areas. I think rural areas will see a FTTN type architecture which will be just fine for people.
Two reasons. First off, fiber used to be relatively limiting in capability and pricey compared to now. This is because glass technically wasn't very developed yet, and consistently prohibitively expensive. The other reason is simply because the high cost simply has no gain at the time. Coaxial was more than capable of doing the job at the time.
Premium training for free. It must mean your products are top notch too. Thank you.
totally agree
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God bless the author of these videos about CATV! Such an act of charity, professional charity.
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fantastic content, I'm starting a new position at a cable manufacturer and this really helps, F.O.C! Please keep on the great work.
Your content even helps laymen to understand how you get internet .Great explanation on all concepts and components
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I’m starting a new cable job tomorrow and wanted to refresh my knowledge and that video did an excellent job.....thanks for the info.
Dude I've been wanting to get into the internet business this video blew my freaking mind I absolutely love it it was so good I even subscribed to you freaking awesome video 🥰🤩
Thanks, additional knowledge makes me to understand whats all about and i love it
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We use amphenol cable products with our hfc system. They make quality products. Great free video here too. Premium service.
This was so awesome 🤩 . Just need a MoCA filter before your main splitter and you should be good to go.
Your are correct!
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Excellent excellent video. Straight to the point. Thank you.
Thank you for watching!
@@AmphenolBroadband I’m about 10 years in telecom, always interested on the history and the current make up of the infrastructure. The how and why’s. So interesting!
@@DrLangly Be sure to Subscribe! We have some great stuff to come. Thanks again for your support. ~Best
Outstanding video, I love it. I have a question. I live in a country where DOCSIS 3.0 is still used. If my Cable ISP were to migrate to DOCSIS 3.1 (or 3.1 Full Duplex) or any newer DOCSIS standard, would they only need to change the CMTS equipment at the headend and issue each subscriber a new DOCSIS modem, or would they also have to swap out all optical nodes and amplifiers as well?
To fully answer one would have to know more about the system. However, DOCSIS changes are done in the headend at the CMTS and adding increased bandwidth to allow for faster speeds. I am sure the current modem will continue to work but not at DOCSIS 3.1 or 4 speeds.
Think of your cell phone. Older versions continue to work but they won’t operate at 5G, its different software.
No plant changes should be needed, the operator just puts more bandwidth into the DOCSIS platform for the speed increases.
Great video! Thank you
I'd like to understand how many signals are injected into the trunk. Thanks.
So, the question is: How many signals are injected into the truck?
There are many deciding factors that go into the number of signals/channels that can be deployed in a network (down a piece of cable). One of those factors is bandwidth. This bandwidth is determined by the MSO and is also licensed from the FCC. Another factor is the size of the cable. This really does determine the actual amount but will determine the distance that the signals can travel before falling off in the spectrum. There are different cable sizes out there that support a trunk run and they are determined by the Operator/MSO.
The cable that Amphenol deploys for MSO’s is rated for 1.2 MHz, if you look at an Analog system then that would be around 158 channels @ 1.2 MHz that could be deployed, when you go to digital deployment it is going to depend on the compression ratio for the channels being deployed, but still is going to be determined by the bandwidth being deployed by the MSO (analog: 500 MHz = 70ch; 750 MHz = 116ch; 875 MHz = 137ch).
The standard trunk sizes start around 0.750 inches and go up to 1.250 inches in diameter. if you look at this in a standard sizing chart it is all based off an inch sizing. For instance: 0.750 = ¾ of an inch, 1.250 = 1 ¼ of an inch.
@@AmphenolBroadband Thank you for taking your time to answer. Sorry, my English is not perfect and my question was not understood. The answer I expected was "using a combiner". I'm trying to start a small community antenna with a few channels, and I'm finding out what the basic achitecture should be at the Head End. Thank you!
Is it possible to cut the cable that comes into the house and install it to an outdoor antenna?
Coaxial cable used by the cable operators or the DTV providers can be used for over the air antenna signals without any issues. You will need to ensure this cable is no longer being used to feed your devices from the providers as you will run into issues if trying to use an antenna and a providers services simultaneously on the same cable.
So what I want to understand is the theory involved with simultaneous bi directional transmission of up/down signals on a single copper core. Seems like someone once told me that higher / lower frequencies would gravitate either towards the middle of the core, as opposed to the outer part of the core. Is this correct?
You are absolutely correct in your assumption. The lower the frequency the further into the core of the center conductor the signal propagates on.
Since we are dealing with MHz (Million Hertz) the signal is actually propagating on the skin of the center conductor.
This is why it is important to inspect each connector to ensure corrosion is not present on the conductor.
If corrosion is found which can be seen as a black oxidation or a white powder substance from the aluminum corroding it is best to replace the cable drop.
A quick google search of the term SKIN EFFECT will provide you with a vast amount of information on this topic.
Thank you for watching.
@@AmphenolBroadband thank you!!
wow, this video was so enlightful, respect
so i'm kind of paranoid about this....but i have fiber running to a node from my house..is it possible for that node to convert the light to electric and send the signal to the isp? with a cable connection?
my ISP says "100% pure fiber" ...so yea...i was wondering if the fiber line from my house is 100% all the way to the ISP office..because i know nodes are used..so yea ...the fiber cable from my house to the node and from the node, cable coaxial to the isp..is that possible?
Great question, there are two different type of architectures that are typically used.
One being a Hybrid Fiber network that utilizes coaxial cable and Fiber that is fed through a distribution system back to a node which takes the signal and converts it light which is sent back to the head-end for processing and vice versa.
The other type of network would be a fully optical network which utilizes a continuous fiber connection from the providers head-end to the side of your home using a device called an NIU or “Network Interface Unit” on the outside of your home or possibly an ONT or “Optical Network Terminal” inside of you home. These devices are the point of demarcation for the provider. The light signal will most likely be converted to Ethernet, Wireless or back to coaxial cable so you can utilize the services within the home.
@@AmphenolBroadband so I just paid 140$ cdn a month for fiber to the home. Or ftth. Is it 100% fiber? Or is there electricity somewhere down the path
@@axelmoses4290 You would need to contact your service provider for additional information.
I do appreciate the video, but you got one thing wrong. The "digital" signal that goes down the coaxial line uses qam to modulate the analog signals as digital. These waves are still analog, but they represent digital bits.
To a beginner, digital can be described as 0s and 1s.. quam is a type of modulation that allow waves to represent 0s and 1s instead of picture, color, and sound. Qam is easier to explain on paper, but it's basically a multiplied version of PSK. PSK shifts the phase of a carrier wave in order to make the wave represent 1 or 0. It's easy to understand if you lookup a picture.
Anyways, the video overall does a good job of explaining things except where it describes sampeling as a means to make the signal digital. Sampling does happen at the CPE but not in the context showcased in the video.
Thank you for your feedback.
Hi, got a question when you lay out the fiber from Central office
is it shared amongst head and amplifier or is it to each individual had an amplifier.
A typical HFC (Hybrid Fiber Coax) Network utilizes a fiber connection from their headend, Hub or central office to offer forward communication and return communication to/from a fiber optic node.
In some cases a single fiber is dedicated to one node, but if the need for expansion occurs and an additional fiber is not available the fiber is split utilizing the one of many wavelengths or channels available on the fiber to feed multiple nodes.
From the node the light on the fiber is converted to RF and is then fed out to the subscribers. From the node the signal travels through the coaxial distribution system which feeds a couple of homes or potentially hundreds of homes depending on how the system is designed. If the distance from the fiber optical node to the end user is long enough it may require the signal to be amplified before it reaches the end users home.
@@AmphenolBroadband HI. Amphenol Broadband. Start with wonder thank you very much for the information much appreciated. I live in Sydney Australia and about to get HFC, so I’ve decided to conduct as much research as I can possibly do Ben and amateur and not knowing much about the subject is proved bit a bit of challenge. One of the drummers with getting HFC in Australia the NBN will only install the cable to the nearest point of the trunk cable, in my case that is a under a bed in the bedroom and that will cost me $92. Then I have to pay an installer relocated to where it should be costing me there about another $200 extremely frustrating.
@@bobaustralia3 Thank you for watching our videos. We hope they were helpful.
Look up multiplexing, yes both fiber and coax is shared.
Thank you so much
Thank you
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What about the powering??
Our training department is continually working on building new topics. Thank you for your suggestion and stay tuned for additional content!
Please am kind of lost here
Where can one obtain training on establishing a cable network company/technician? I need orientation
For new technician’s interested in the field of Telecommunications, many programs are available online to help you reach your goal to better understanding the coax network.
There are many programs out there to assist you such as the SCTE and the NCTI
www.ncti.com/certificates-degrees
www.scte.org
If you are looking to start working right away and get hands on field knowledge, a quick search for Cable Installer Positions are widely available on just about any job positing site in the country. Taking the steps to becoming a skilled technician starts with understanding the basics and working your way up. Starting with a local contractor will allow you to see first-hand what it takes to be an installer.
Very interesting it does look like Virgin Media uses this cable TV/Broadband, IPVOP in UK i have been with the same cable company since the days of Telecential back in 1992 still using broadband cable since 1998 and have upgraded speed over the time next upgrade with me 1GB broadband.... other competition cannot match that speed in my area,
Thank you for your feedback! Be sure to subscribe we have some great stuff coming.
so this is why the cpaxial cable crashes or gets locked when everyone uses it.
That is correct, each neighborhood that utilizes an HFC Network to deliver a broadband connection has a fiber optic node that converts the signal from light to RF and then is distributed throughout the network. Since all of the subscribers are essentially connected to one pipeline, if the node is not even distributed meaning you have too many subscribers over utilizing the bandwidth this can cause a slowdown in the network.
It can which is why most cable companies don't let their network come close to the limitations of the equipment they are using. Redundancy is key.
I love you man
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Nice video like
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😊😊
sooo, why they didnt use fiber since the begining? if they should have invested in fiber, the money they could have saved would be bigger. cable companies should migrate right now to fiber cuz they will die if they dont
That is a great question and one that comes up often. The reasoning behind not going full fiber is that the networks were not ready for full fiber at that time. When the neighborhoods were initially developed the cost to go full fiber to the home was very expensive and didn’t make sense for the operators to utilize that technology. The operator are now installing fiber in most of the new construction areas since the plant needs to be installed to feed the subscribers and is a much cheaper solution.
Fiber optics will at some point feed all of the homes in America but will take a long time to completely transition over as there are hundreds of thousands of miles of RF plant already installed in the ground and overhead.
Fiber is extremely expensive to install and maintain, it also isn't very durable. Coax is very easy to work with, the average person can terminate their own cables for only a few bucks worth of tools. Not so with fiber. Splicing or terminating fiber requires training and specialized equipment which costs thousands. Some fusion splicers can cost upwards of around $10,000 or more. While there are mechanical splices on the market, it still is a complex process. Fiber has to be cleaned and kept clean. Any dust or dirt will degrade signal quality. It's also not safe to work with as you are working with tiny fragments of glass. Don't get me wrong, I love fiber and it is the future, but it isn't as user friendly as coax. Most CATV systems use fiber for transmission and coax for distribution and drops. I'm not sure you will see a true FTTH architecture in place here in the US. It might be practical for metro areas but probably not very practical for rural areas. I think rural areas will see a FTTN type architecture which will be just fine for people.
Two reasons. First off, fiber used to be relatively limiting in capability and pricey compared to now. This is because glass technically wasn't very developed yet, and consistently prohibitively expensive. The other reason is simply because the high cost simply has no gain at the time. Coaxial was more than capable of doing the job at the time.
@@mikel9567the problem is that the fttn goes to dsl, which is awful