I am of the opinion that the island of Oahu will not see another volcanic eruption. However, due to its recent (geologically speaking) eruptive activity could just randomly resume with minimal warning. Such a new eruptive period would form maars and tuff rings.
I would hope not! Diamond Head, punch bowl and the Koko head are massive tuff cones. If something similar we're to happen there would be massive devastation and loss of life. BTW, thank you for this video. I recommended it when you released the Kaena video.
Would it be possible to make a video on the Red Rock Canyon State Park in California? It's filled with beautiful geological formations and igneous petrology.
I used to live on Oahu and since I was a private pilot at the time, I would fly to all of the islands on a regular basis. The amount of historic volcanic activity on all of the islands is amazing, the Big Island (Hawaii), is the most continuously active. I remember that in the 1977 or the first part of 1978, Kilauea had an explosive eruption and the ash prevented any VFR flights in the islands. But IFR flights were allowed, so I filed an IFR flight plan to the Big Island and when I was near the eruption, I cancelled my IFR flight plan and flew VFR around the eruptions. It was spectacular. The most amazing fireworks you could imagine. I filed an en route IFR flight plan to Hilo to refuel and then flew IFR back to Honolulu. On the way back, I was assigned an altitude that put me just a few feet above a massive flat cloud cover and the sensation of speed was magnified. When I looked back, I could see the "wake" in the clouds I was making. On top of that, the eruption turned the sky a purple. It was like flying through an alien planet. I will never forget that experience.
I guess since I’m Filipino, born in Hawaii and currently living in California, I’m used to the volcano, earthquake, hurricane, or tsunami threat. I’m okay with that. Rather than fearing (or worse, defying) nature, we respect it by learning more about it and not testing it limits. Your channel contributes to our knowledge base. Keep up the good work!
Could you do a video on another volcanic feature with the Hawaiian hotspot? It is the Gardner Pinnacle(s) which is a very interesting and unique feature that I think would make for an interesting topic.
@@1.4142 yeah, that was one of the reasons I was wanting to see a video, not many realized just how big it is, and it is an interesting topic that is still being studied (to my knowledge)
I visited all of those, Diamond Head, Punchbowl Crater and Hanauma Bay, ironically it was the day we landed Kilauea had started it's 2018 fank eruption. It has some spectacular scenery on that island.
An excellent summary of O'ahu's recent eruptive history. It is worth noting that the other islands also show various late eruptive features. Kaua'i is dotted with cinder cones, for example.
Hey I know it's been a good while since you've done an impact crater video, but could you please please do a video on the new Hiawatha crater they found in Greenland a couple years back? I know it's still not 100% confirmed yet about how old or young it is, but more are saying it was definitely within the end of the last glaciantion period than anything else and with the whole story and evidence of the younger dryas extinction & the torrid meteor stream etc, it does puzzle in. But I LOVE when you describe them aside anyone else. It's a big one too which are my favorites of yours😃 please!
You start with the Kaena volcano, but don't really tie it up. it was likely the first Oahu volcano, but has almost completely sunk below the sea (except possibly for Kaena point which may be a remnant where the Waianae volcano and the Kaena volcano overlapped. Otherwise I really enjoyed the geologic history of my home. I would enjoy such videos for each of the other major island. (Work on your Hawaiian pronunciation.)
The massive landslide on Oahu is truly terrifying to imagine. I live on Big Island Hawaii and I can’t help but wonder about the changes that might happen to this island as it continues to form and mature. I wouldn’t be surprised if the island experiences at least one major landslide in the next couple hundred years, but nothing even close to what Oahu experienced any time soon. The South flank will surely slide off eventually, which will probably be intense but not catastrophic it seems
Will everyone please give this man a thumbs up? making these videos is very hard work and the least we could do is show are support with a quick thumbs up.
Request: Mt Taranaki/Egmont (NZ), it's coastal ring plane (& future risks) & historic structures (Pouakai & Kaitake) between summit & coast including Paratutu culdera near New Plymouth. Cheers for the vids, keep on doing the good stuff
I've climbed Diamond Head at least 20 times, ran around and up it in my younger days. But I've stood on top watching the sun rise thinking, what if this erupted? Talk about a quick thinning of the herd with all the housing around it. Hopefully I can get one more Loco Moco from the Rainbow Diner before that happens...
Hey GH. First off congratulations in advance on 100K! Second, do you think that there is any possibility that Kohala on the big island may be extremely dormant and not extinct?
This is correct. Although many consider Kohala to be extinct, it could randomly reactivate in the distant future. Of course, building around this volcano is the safest place on the entire island (due to earthquake/volcano risks). Thanks for the congratulations as well :)
Worth adding that there are many giant underwater landslides around Oahu and the other islands including even the Big Island, with lots of good bathymetric views and research available online. Note that the Big Island also has the incipient slide the Hilina Slump.
I looked at that 30 years ago and my first thought was, "wow, one of these days that whole thing is gonna go and cause a HUGE tsunami". I would think it's a good idea for someone to get in there and break it up a little at a time to avoid that from happening. Wouldn't be easy nor cheap, but consider the alternative.
Ko'olau = KOH. oh-lau ('lau' rhymes with 'cow'... glottal stop between the two Os) -- not koo-AH-loo. --5th-gen Local... I know, I know -- this is a geology channel, not a social studies one... but as a vulcanologist, knowing the proper pronunciation of names in your profession is just respectful... and well, that's their names. That said, great to see my state's volcano topics on-channel! Keep up the good work and fascinating content.
Hey! Love the videos! If you would like any help with Hawaiian words, I can help you out. I'm looking at punchbowl right now. Keep up the good work! Mahalo!!
I live on Maui and have heard about the 1956 eruption between O'ahu and Kauai. I asked a geologist about it and the why. He explained that the lava in those smaller 'after' eruptions was very old and had been sitting there trapped in the plumbing as the island moved off the hot spot. With time this old lava left in the pipes if you will, works its way to the surface like a piece of glass will work it's way out of a wound.
Back in college (many many years ago) my geology professor thought an eruption from Tantalus (overlooking and northwest of the UH Manoa campus) could be possible.
Wanna come with me to check out Sutter Buttes in California? Look at it it's "extinct" and directly south of Shasta and somewhat south of Lassen. I'm still trying to organize a team of TH-camrs to go there and check it out.
Can you do a video about the active uplifting fault in Arizona that we know as the Mogollon rim? My boy scout troop would've been found up there every summer, so we got a cursory explanation of the uplift zone that created the rim country. I have always been curious of the specifics. Such as, what is the rate of the uplift? Where are the ends of the fault? It appears to be around Flagstaff to the northwest, and the white mountains to the southeast. Is this fault capable of producing noticable earthquakes? I swear I've felt one up there. But it could also be the product of a child's imagination since this was around the time of the '89 Loma Prieta quake. And being that you live in AZ I figure you'd know at least a little bit about the rim. If this is something that wouldn't work in a video could you do a quick answer here? If nothing else I'd love to know the uplift rate. As well as the average magnitude, maximum magnitude possible, and how frequently they occur. Thank you!!
I would also like to hear more about it. Grew up in Sedona myself so I saw it pretty much everyday, but no one really knew anything about it geologically. Fewer still knew how to properly pronounce it's name.
This is a great study. I've been to the top of some of these mountains. Didn't even think that the mountain on the south side of Maui was a dormant volcano, but then this jogged my memory of seeing the volcanic dirt as I passed Hana and got into the desolate area. Btw, your speaking style makes me want to read the emergency card in seatback in front of me and tighten my seatbelt. Lol.
There was no volcanic activity on Earth until about 4400 years ago. All volcanic activity that has ever happened on this planet has been in the last 4400 years.
I don't know if you would make this type of video, but would you consider making a hypothetical video on what would happen if a large igneous province the size of the Siberian Traps erupted today? How it would affect the world and on what timescales?
I was born and raised on Waianae Hawaii. We were always taught that the volcanos were extinct. Im in Colorado now, so all we have to worry about is Yellowstone Super Volcano. lol.
I went to Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park in 2011. Spectacular scenery. Even though it was chilly November temperatures, the ground in the parking lot was warm to the touch. 😳
Ko’olau has three distinct syllables: Kō - ō - low (rhymes with cow) both O’s are distinct long o sounds and not blended together in like /oo/ Always love the coverage on the volcanoes of Hawai’i and it’s one of the main reasons I watch! I thought it important to note the pronunciation so there’s nothing to distract from the interesting information you’re sharing.
Waianae volcano probably grew out of the slope of Ka'ena volcano, which is estimated to have only reached around 800 ft. above sea level and then subsided as it was dwarfed by the growing Waianae volcano, so it was three volcanos that created Oahu. Corrections to your video: The last volcanic activity on Oahu--which happened somewhere between 35,000 and 75,000 years ago--was either at the Koko rift or the Sugarloaf/Tantalus rift ( Tantalus, Pu'u Kake'a, Round Top craters), not at the much older Punchbowl Crater. Eruptions during these secondary volcanics happened, on average, every 35,000 years, so it's very possible Oahu will erupt again, but there's no indication another one could happen any time soon. The secondary volcanic activity on Oahu may have been caused, not directly by the hot spot that created the Ko'olau volcano, but rather by the fracturing of the crust of the Pacific plate by the weight of the very large main Hawaiian volcanos created by the hotspot. This path of deformed crustal fracturing, called the Hawaiian Arch, follows behind the currently active hotspot volcanos, and is believed to have mostly passed Oahu, and could now start creating secondary volcanism on Molokai and Maui.
It would be nice to know the height of the tsunami created by the 5000cukm landslide and what would the effects be at various points around the pacific rim.
I had a look for info and according to one model the estimated height around the Hawaiian islands was around 100m (330ft), and about 70m (230ft) on the Californian coast.
Auckland New Zealand which has a city on built on many volcanoes. In New Zealand national parks is where a number of volcanoes are located There are also Islands made from volcanoes off from Auckland
Greetings from Cambodia. Cool and informative video. Waianae is one of my old neighborhoods. Interesting to hear about the construction of the island of O'ahu and my neighborhood. Thanks.
I have been wondering about Diamondhead for a while. I have never been to Hawaii but I watch a lot of shows that film there. Every time I see Diamondhead I wonder how tall the volcano was. I never once thought of it being an underwater explosion. Thank you for the information.
Another hazard that still happens from this volcano are landslides that usually happens after heavy rain. The windward side of the volcano is still structurally unstable and any part of it could slide off at any time onto the highway or the many places and communities in Kanehoe, Kailua, and Waimanalo
Hi GH! I absolutely love your channel. Recently I visited Hawaii and began researching the Honolulu volcanics while I was in the area. I know I have it bad when I'm looking good up scientific papers and petrology quadrangles to understand the local geology; even while on vacation! In your video you mentioned that Oahu is made up of two primary volcanoes, but it's my understanding that Kaena is now considered the 3rd volcano of Oahu. My understanding was that Kaena was the 1st to form of the island of Oahu and is now considered the 3rd volcano of Oahu. Has this changed in recent scientific literature? Also in my own studies of the Honolulu volcanics hinted at a highly controversial estimate of prior eruption within the last 5,000 years near pearl harbor, but I was unable to find any futher information on the subject and consider it hearsay. Have you heard anything of the like? Thanks again for the channel and look forward to your response!
Hiya Jason! O’ahu local here and yes! Kaena is the third volcano not mentioned in this video. It hasn’t changed in recent literature as far as I’m aware, but I only last checked in mid 2021 so 🤷🏻♀️ Also soso sorry GH to correct the pronunciation it’s why-uh-nai and koh-oh-lauw. Kaena = kah-eh-nah, Haunama is how-nah-mah, kaloko= kah-low-koh etc etc.
Co-oh-la-ow ko'olau! Super informative and interesting. I lived here in kaneohe my while life and the koolau mountain range leaves me in awe every morning!
When you find out you were swimming 🏊 in an old 🌋 crater. 😂 was in Oahu in 1988. Stayed for 4 weeks in Pat and Annabel Bowlens mansion above diamond 💎 head road. Taught Patrick and Johnny Bowlen swimming lessons when they were 5 and 3 yrs old. Thanks 🙏 for the interesting video
If there was a chance of these volcanos going active in the human timescale, I'd assume the seismographs, which I assume are plentiful all over Hawaii, would pick up the movement of the magma heading towards them. Has there been any such activity detected?
Nah. Theres multiple places that magma continues to flow out. A new volcano east of big isle and Kilauea is just a couple. Pressure is being released 24/7 so I doubt there will ever be a huge explosion ever again. Plus hawaii sits on its own tectonic plate iirc. I could be wrong but I think thats what i learned. Along the chain of the hawaiian isles... Above the main 8 isles. There is magma flowing into the sea too. I forget what its called tho
@@conniee. based on eruption history, La Palma is more like the big island, not Oahu. LA Palma dies erupt every few decades. When was the last time Oahu had an eruption. La Palma is still sitting on its hot spot. Oahu has moved on.
Wow! Lo these 72 years on the planet, I did not know Diamond Head was a volcano cone. Having only ever seen it in the background of sea-level photos and film taken at Wacky-wiki Beach, it looks like an ordinary promontory, much like the Rock of Gibraltar. I was aware of Punch Bowl, though. The news always features the active volcanos, but never the dormant and extinct ones (can any volcano in the Hawai'ian archipelago safely be deemed "extinct" ?) I will visit the islands one day. To date, haven't been farther West than the Cliff House. Thanks for the brief but informative video. What I find most interesting is the migration of the islands over the fixed hot spot, creating new volcanos and thus new land to the southeast. That must be unique among Earth's modern geological processes.
Very interesting. The pacific plate is moving at less than 4 inches per year. 40,000 years at that rate means that the plume head plumbing that caused the Punchbowl eruption has only moved 2.5 miles since then. That distance is small compared to the 300+ mile width of the hotspot, so from a purely geometric viewpoint, Oahu should still be at risk.
I liked this, soon back to Philippines to see my fiance, we plan to drive some from Pasay to taal first, then a day trip guided trek to Pinatubo lake. It's been almost 20 years since last trip
Do a video on how recent mega waves has affected the Hawaii and canary islands to help them landslide easier or no affect at all to them creating there own mega waves???
Great vids , educational and satisfying , you definitely know your stuff 👏👍🏻💚. Would it be possible to get your take on Slemish , a distinct volcanic mound based in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. Thanks
I’m interested in how big the resultant tsunami from the caldera collapse would have been, and how far that wave would have affected. Also, something I’ve noticed for decades is that the islands in the Hawaii chain get bigger the further east. The line of older submersed eruption zones get quite small the further west, and then north west to the coast of eastern Russia. I think it’s like a waking dragon, taking bigger and bigger fiery breaths, and this next one is long and deep. When it goes, it will be huge. Either that or the hot spot is nearly spent and volcanic activity will fade out.
I have no actual expertise here but my hypothesis would be that it has to do with the rock that the mantle plume has intruded into. The Hawaii hotspot is situated under an oceanic plate which I predict is low in silicates wheras the Yellowstone hotspot welled up under a continental plate. The initial eruption of that hotspot was effusive into the Washington area but after the intial flood basalt slowed the magma chamber leeched silicates out of the continental crust which became highly explosive.
I'd love to learn more about the Belcher Islands in Hudson's Bay, there's nothing on TH-cam I can find. Not sure if the islands are interesting enough?
I think this is settled already. A volcano is never truly extinct and the term dormant is meaningless over geological times. As the plates move on, it becomes less likely that the old plumbing system will be reused one more time, but a big enough burst of magma from underneath may do just that.
I’d love to see a full video on the Nuuanu Slide at 2:30. And correction: it is not one of, it is THE largest landslide in the history of earth that’s ever been found. It sent a tsunami wave 300ft high over the entire west coast of North America, so huge it flooded inwards more than one state!! (Past California into Nevada, etc!) Also the same thing happened to the north face of Molokai which is why it has the steepest sheer cliffs in the world at 1800’. Coincidentally it’s landslide actually crosses into the Nuuanu slide from Oahu at a certain point out to sea. They’re easily seen on google satellite maps.
On a video series called 'How The Earth Was Made', it explained how the Hawaii island chain was formed. Very interesting. The oldest island is the big island and Oahu (most westerly) is the newest.
@@Monkey559100 Thanks for the correction. Actually, I misspoke also on the sequence. The most western (Kawai?) is the oldest and the big island (Hawai'i) is the newest. The crust is moving west to east over a hotspot.
Would you suspect the Ko’olau volcanic landslide event is related to the landslide event on the north shore of Malakai? They share the same undersea debris field. I would guess both events to be related.
They appear to be both separate events. Shield volcano related flank collapses are surprisingly common. You can even spot them in the waters off the big island of Hawaii
Request dormant volcano s in the north sea area. There are discovered old volcano reminants by Al the seismic searches for the gas/oil fields. Wal volcano for example.
The Koolau caldera wasn’t in Kaneohe, it was where the current Kawainui marsh in Kailua is now. Also the current Pali (the Koolau cliffs) is not where the Nuuanu Slide occurred. It broke off a mile or so off the current shoreline. The Pali as it stands now is the result of stream piracy.
![[DRIP] ‘Love, Maybe’ PREVIEW](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/U7hwHp95m1k/mqdefault.jpg)
I am of the opinion that the island of Oahu will not see another volcanic eruption. However, due to its recent (geologically speaking) eruptive activity could just randomly resume with minimal warning. Such a new eruptive period would form maars and tuff rings.
Is there any possibility that any of the other islands, apart from the big island and Maui, contain dormant volcanoes?
I would hope not! Diamond Head, punch bowl and the Koko head are massive tuff cones. If something similar we're to happen there would be massive devastation and loss of life. BTW, thank you for this video. I recommended it when you released the Kaena video.
Here's a completely random question, how big do you estimate Kilauea to be in the future? Personally, I believe around the same size as Hualalai.
@@projectaks4745 Most likely not. Haleakala on Maui last erupted in the late 1700s. I Believe it was a flank eruption on its southern side.
Would it be possible to make a video on the Red Rock Canyon State Park in California? It's filled with beautiful geological formations and igneous petrology.
I used to live on Oahu and since I was a private pilot at the time, I would fly to all of the islands on a regular basis. The amount of historic volcanic activity on all of the islands is amazing, the Big Island (Hawaii), is the most continuously active. I remember that in the 1977 or the first part of 1978, Kilauea had an explosive eruption and the ash prevented any VFR flights in the islands. But IFR flights were allowed, so I filed an IFR flight plan to the Big Island and when I was near the eruption, I cancelled my IFR flight plan and flew VFR around the eruptions. It was spectacular. The most amazing fireworks you could imagine. I filed an en route IFR flight plan to Hilo to refuel and then flew IFR back to Honolulu.
On the way back, I was assigned an altitude that put me just a few feet above a massive flat cloud cover and the sensation of speed was magnified. When I looked back, I could see the "wake" in the clouds I was making. On top of that, the eruption turned the sky a purple. It was like flying through an alien planet. I will never forget that experience.
Great video! That's the first time I've ever seen an areal view of Diamond Head.
I used to go to Crater Festivals there in the late 60s, early 70s. That was kinda cool
It’s also so beautiful when you climb it snd look down at the creator form atop the trail. It’s just amazing
@@jakeroberts7435 me too, and Hanauma Bay. I’m sitting here going “Dude, I was in that thing!”
@@509Gman And Makapuu beach, loved that place. Kailua High '72, Mahalo mate. Damn, the blissful days
I have a video with a very nice view inside Diamond Head.
th-cam.com/video/Iy2N510yNvw/w-d-xo.html
I snorkelled in the gorgeous Hanauma Bay and had no idea it was a crater. This was a fascinating recount of Oahu volcanic activity!
I knew it was a crater when I visited just didn’t know it had erupted so recently.
I mean it does look like a crater does it not lol
Makin' whoopee on Oahu ?
I mean they say it in the video you watch before you go to the bay…
I mean they say it in the video you watch before you go to the bay…
Less Than 1k subs from hitting 100k. Great Job Man, it has been a very entertaining journey.
There is a botanical garden in Koko Crater near Diamond Head which I remember was a very cool place to walk around. A botanical garden in a caldera!
I've been seeing an image of Oahu on a chromecast screen saver for over a year. Thanks for letting me know where that crater was
I lived on Oahu for a while in the seventies and the geology of the islands always fascinated me. This was very interesting.
Thanks for sharing your knowledge everyday.
My pleasure!
I guess since I’m Filipino, born in Hawaii and currently living in California, I’m used to the volcano, earthquake, hurricane, or tsunami threat. I’m okay with that. Rather than fearing (or worse, defying) nature, we respect it by learning more about it and not testing it limits. Your channel contributes to our knowledge base. Keep up the good work!
@Common Sense Revolution one with money and explosives
Another great video - thank you!
I appreciate the captioning ♡
Could you do a video on another volcanic feature with the Hawaiian hotspot? It is the Gardner Pinnacle(s) which is a very interesting and unique feature that I think would make for an interesting topic.
I have recommended this as well!
@@TheREALPoriruaTrainspotter yes
@@tomp_ Nice!
Wow, remnants possibly one of the largest volcanoes on earth.
@@1.4142 yeah, that was one of the reasons I was wanting to see a video, not many realized just how big it is, and it is an interesting topic that is still being studied (to my knowledge)
I visited all of those, Diamond Head, Punchbowl Crater and Hanauma Bay, ironically it was the day we landed Kilauea had started it's 2018 fank eruption. It has some spectacular scenery on that island.
Can you do some volcanoes from uk even though they are extict
I want him to make a video about Supervolcano Glencoe
An excellent summary of O'ahu's recent eruptive history. It is worth noting that the other islands also show various late eruptive features. Kaua'i is dotted with cinder cones, for example.
Hey I know it's been a good while since you've done an impact crater video, but could you please please do a video on the new Hiawatha crater they found in Greenland a couple years back? I know it's still not 100% confirmed yet about how old or young it is, but more are saying it was definitely within the end of the last glaciantion period than anything else and with the whole story and evidence of the younger dryas extinction & the torrid meteor stream etc, it does puzzle in. But I LOVE when you describe them aside anyone else. It's a big one too which are my favorites of yours😃 please!
2:22 This must have caused a huge tsunami. Thanks for the informative video. 🖐🏼👴🏼
You start with the Kaena volcano, but don't really tie it up. it was likely the first Oahu volcano, but has almost completely sunk below the sea (except possibly for Kaena point which may be a remnant where the Waianae volcano and the Kaena volcano overlapped. Otherwise I really enjoyed the geologic history of my home. I would enjoy such videos for each of the other major island. (Work on your Hawaiian pronunciation.)
The massive landslide on Oahu is truly terrifying to imagine. I live on Big Island Hawaii and I can’t help but wonder about the changes that might happen to this island as it continues to form and mature. I wouldn’t be surprised if the island experiences at least one major landslide in the next couple hundred years, but nothing even close to what Oahu experienced any time soon. The South flank will surely slide off eventually, which will probably be intense but not catastrophic it seems
Will everyone please give this man a thumbs up? making these videos is very hard work and the least we could do is show are support with a quick thumbs up.
Request: Mt Taranaki/Egmont (NZ), it's coastal ring plane (& future risks) & historic structures (Pouakai & Kaitake) between summit & coast including Paratutu culdera near New Plymouth.
Cheers for the vids, keep on doing the good stuff
He's done Taranaki already
I've climbed Diamond Head at least 20 times, ran around and up it in my younger days. But I've stood on top watching the sun rise thinking, what if this erupted? Talk about a quick thinning of the herd with all the housing around it. Hopefully I can get one more Loco Moco from the Rainbow Diner before that happens...
Hey GH. First off congratulations in advance on 100K! Second, do you think that there is any possibility that Kohala on the big island may be extremely dormant and not extinct?
This is correct. Although many consider Kohala to be extinct, it could randomly reactivate in the distant future. Of course, building around this volcano is the safest place on the entire island (due to earthquake/volcano risks). Thanks for the congratulations as well :)
@@GeologyHub No Problem! Thank you for the information!
There is a term for it, if a volcano comes out of what seems to be extinction but then erupts
I forget it though
@@tomp_
An eruption?
Worth adding that there are many giant underwater landslides around Oahu and the other islands including even the Big Island, with lots of good bathymetric views and research available online. Note that the Big Island also has the incipient slide the Hilina Slump.
I looked at that 30 years ago and my first thought was, "wow, one of these days that whole thing is gonna go and cause a HUGE tsunami". I would think it's a good idea for someone to get in there and break it up a little at a time to avoid that from happening. Wouldn't be easy nor cheap, but consider the alternative.
Ko'olau = KOH. oh-lau ('lau' rhymes with 'cow'... glottal stop between the two Os) -- not koo-AH-loo. --5th-gen Local...
I know, I know -- this is a geology channel, not a social studies one... but as a vulcanologist, knowing the proper pronunciation of names in your profession is just respectful... and well, that's their names.
That said, great to see my state's volcano topics on-channel! Keep up the good work and fascinating content.
Agreed.
except linguistics has nothing to do with geology, and being able to correctly pronounce foreign place names has nothing to do with respect.
Hey! Love the videos! If you would like any help with Hawaiian words, I can help you out. I'm looking at punchbowl right now. Keep up the good work! Mahalo!!
I live on Maui and have heard about the 1956 eruption between O'ahu and Kauai. I asked a geologist about it and the why. He explained that the lava in those smaller 'after' eruptions was very old and had been sitting there trapped in the plumbing as the island moved off the hot spot. With time this old lava left in the pipes if you will, works its way to the surface like a piece of glass will work it's way out of a wound.
Back in college (many many years ago) my geology professor thought an eruption from Tantalus (overlooking and northwest of the UH Manoa campus) could be possible.
I always enjoy your videos
I would love to see older volcanoes erupt again, like what happened in four peaks back in 2008
Wanna come with me to check out Sutter Buttes in California? Look at it it's "extinct" and directly south of Shasta and somewhat south of Lassen. I'm still trying to organize a team of TH-camrs to go there and check it out.
Hawaiian geography is certainly amazing! Hope to visit someday.
Use Google Translate to hear how the names of locations in Hawaii are pronounced. Google usually does a great job with their voice feature.
I actually first heard of Oahu from the game Test Drive Unlimited.
Very fun game, but nice video.
Can you do a video about the active uplifting fault in Arizona that we know as the Mogollon rim? My boy scout troop would've been found up there every summer, so we got a cursory explanation of the uplift zone that created the rim country.
I have always been curious of the specifics. Such as, what is the rate of the uplift? Where are the ends of the fault? It appears to be around Flagstaff to the northwest, and the white mountains to the southeast. Is this fault capable of producing noticable earthquakes? I swear I've felt one up there. But it could also be the product of a child's imagination since this was around the time of the '89 Loma Prieta quake. And being that you live in AZ I figure you'd know at least a little bit about the rim.
If this is something that wouldn't work in a video could you do a quick answer here? If nothing else I'd love to know the uplift rate. As well as the average magnitude, maximum magnitude possible, and how frequently they occur.
Thank you!!
I would also like to hear more about it. Grew up in Sedona myself so I saw it pretty much everyday, but no one really knew anything about it geologically. Fewer still knew how to properly pronounce it's name.
@@Klyis LoL I think people get the "m" and the "on" parts right, and nothing in between!
This is a great study. I've been to the top of some of these mountains. Didn't even think that the mountain on the south side of Maui was a dormant volcano, but then this jogged my memory of seeing the volcanic dirt as I passed Hana and got into the desolate area. Btw, your speaking style makes me want to read the emergency card in seatback in front of me and tighten my seatbelt. Lol.
I live on Oahu, that’s so fascinating that the last eruption on this island was that recent
There was no volcanic activity on Earth until about 4400 years ago.
All volcanic activity that has ever happened on this planet has been in the last 4400 years.
Love your content. Pronunciation of Hawaiian nouns a little sus tho. Why-nye, KOH-OH-laou, KAH-neh-oh-hey, Hah-nah-mah bay. Hana maikai, mahalo!!
I don't know if you would make this type of video, but would you consider making a hypothetical video on what would happen if a large igneous province the size of the Siberian Traps erupted today? How it would affect the world and on what timescales?
I was this many years old when I learned about this 1956 eruption. It is amazing how people wish to pretend there is only activity on Hawaii.
Did you hear about the eruption near Tonga... Yeah. If Oahu erupts we're fucked.
Fascinating! Thanks.
I was born and raised on Waianae Hawaii. We were always taught that the volcanos were extinct. Im in Colorado now, so all we have to worry about is Yellowstone Super Volcano. lol.
Great video but I cringed when the computer butchered koolau lol, still a very nice educational video, more plz !
I went to Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park in 2011. Spectacular scenery. Even though it was chilly November temperatures, the ground in the parking lot was warm to the touch. 😳
Please talk about Mauna Kea
Ko’olau has three distinct syllables: Kō - ō - low (rhymes with cow) both O’s are distinct long o sounds and not blended together in like /oo/
Always love the coverage on the volcanoes of Hawai’i and it’s one of the main reasons I watch! I thought it important to note the pronunciation so there’s nothing to distract from the interesting information you’re sharing.
Waianae volcano probably grew out of the slope of Ka'ena volcano, which is estimated to have only reached around 800 ft. above sea level and then subsided as it was dwarfed by the growing Waianae volcano, so it was three volcanos that created Oahu. Corrections to your video: The last volcanic activity on Oahu--which happened somewhere between 35,000 and 75,000 years ago--was either at the Koko rift or the Sugarloaf/Tantalus rift ( Tantalus, Pu'u Kake'a, Round Top craters), not at the much older Punchbowl Crater. Eruptions during these secondary volcanics happened, on average, every 35,000 years, so it's very possible Oahu will erupt again, but there's no indication another one could happen any time soon. The secondary volcanic activity on Oahu may have been caused, not directly by the hot spot that created the Ko'olau volcano, but rather by the fracturing of the crust of the Pacific plate by the weight of the very large main Hawaiian volcanos created by the hotspot. This path of deformed crustal fracturing, called the Hawaiian Arch, follows behind the currently active hotspot volcanos, and is believed to have mostly passed Oahu, and could now start creating secondary volcanism on Molokai and Maui.
It would be nice to know the height of the tsunami created by the 5000cukm landslide and what would the effects be at various points around the pacific rim.
I had a look for info and according to one model the estimated height around the Hawaiian islands was around 100m (330ft), and about 70m (230ft) on the Californian coast.
Wow! I Lived On This Island When I Was A Young Boy! Never Knew All Of This!!
Ditto. From 56-59. My dad was stationed at Hickam AFB. Learned to swim at Bellows Field.
@@dr.OgataSerizawa My Dad Was Stationed At Pearl Harbor, Subs. What I Remember Most; It Rained Almost Every Afternoon From Noon To 4pm.
Auckland New Zealand which has a city on built on many volcanoes. In New Zealand national parks is where a number of volcanoes are located There are also Islands made from volcanoes off from Auckland
700ish years ago last eruption
Aloha from Hawaii 🤙Thanks for the content. You are the Schist.
Sweet. I live right next to punchbowl 👍👍
This was interesting, however, your pronunciation of Hawaiian place names could use some work.
Greetings from Cambodia. Cool and informative video. Waianae is one of my old neighborhoods. Interesting to hear about the construction of the island of O'ahu and my neighborhood. Thanks.
I have been wondering about Diamondhead for a while. I have never been to Hawaii but I watch a lot of shows that film there. Every time I see Diamondhead I wonder how tall the volcano was. I never once thought of it being an underwater explosion. Thank you for the information.
Thank you 🙏🏾. I lived on Oahu and I’m blown away with the education that you provided. But did Waianae shirked volcano collapse too?
Another hazard that still happens from this volcano are landslides that usually happens after heavy rain. The windward side of the volcano is still structurally unstable and any part of it could slide off at any time onto the highway or the many places and communities in Kanehoe, Kailua, and Waimanalo
Hi GH! I absolutely love your channel. Recently I visited Hawaii and began researching the Honolulu volcanics while I was in the area. I know I have it bad when I'm looking good up scientific papers and petrology quadrangles to understand the local geology; even while on vacation!
In your video you mentioned that Oahu is made up of two primary volcanoes, but it's my understanding that Kaena is now considered the 3rd volcano of Oahu. My understanding was that Kaena was the 1st to form of the island of Oahu and is now considered the 3rd volcano of Oahu. Has this changed in recent scientific literature?
Also in my own studies of the Honolulu volcanics hinted at a highly controversial estimate of prior eruption within the last 5,000 years near pearl harbor, but I was unable to find any futher information on the subject and consider it hearsay. Have you heard anything of the like?
Thanks again for the channel and look forward to your response!
Hiya Jason! O’ahu local here and yes! Kaena is the third volcano not mentioned in this video. It hasn’t changed in recent literature as far as I’m aware, but I only last checked in mid 2021 so 🤷🏻♀️
Also soso sorry GH to correct the pronunciation it’s why-uh-nai and koh-oh-lauw. Kaena = kah-eh-nah, Haunama is how-nah-mah, kaloko= kah-low-koh etc etc.
Great video. Being a resident of Washington state, I would like to see some videos on the volcanoes of the Pacific Northwest.
Co-oh-la-ow ko'olau! Super informative and interesting. I lived here in kaneohe my while life and the koolau mountain range leaves me in awe every morning!
When you find out you were swimming 🏊 in an old 🌋 crater. 😂 was in Oahu in 1988.
Stayed for 4 weeks in Pat and Annabel Bowlens mansion above diamond 💎 head road.
Taught Patrick and Johnny Bowlen swimming lessons when they were 5 and 3 yrs old.
Thanks 🙏 for the interesting video
Hawaii’s island are my favorite 😀
If there was a chance of these volcanos going active in the human timescale, I'd assume the seismographs, which I assume are plentiful all over Hawaii, would pick up the movement of the magma heading towards them. Has there been any such activity detected?
Nah. Theres multiple places that magma continues to flow out. A new volcano east of big isle and Kilauea is just a couple. Pressure is being released 24/7 so I doubt there will ever be a huge explosion ever again. Plus hawaii sits on its own tectonic plate iirc. I could be wrong but I think thats what i learned. Along the chain of the hawaiian isles... Above the main 8 isles. There is magma flowing into the sea too. I forget what its called tho
Well F me upside down, I live near that thing. 2 of them to be exact. PunchBowl is one nearer to me.
@@dlazyace9116 I don't think you have too much to worry about.
@@bbmw9029 - Yeah?🤨 Well, I'm thinking the ppl on LaPalma probably thought the same thing.😣
@@conniee. based on eruption history, La Palma is more like the big island, not Oahu. LA Palma dies erupt every few decades. When was the last time Oahu had an eruption. La Palma is still sitting on its hot spot. Oahu has moved on.
Wow! Lo these 72 years on the planet, I did not know Diamond Head was a volcano cone. Having only ever seen it in the background of sea-level photos and film taken at Wacky-wiki Beach, it looks like an ordinary promontory, much like the Rock of Gibraltar. I was aware of Punch Bowl, though. The news always features the active volcanos, but never the dormant and extinct ones (can any volcano in the Hawai'ian archipelago safely be deemed "extinct" ?)
I will visit the islands one day. To date, haven't been farther West than the Cliff House.
Thanks for the brief but informative video. What I find most interesting is the migration of the islands over the fixed hot spot, creating new volcanos and thus new land to the southeast.
That must be unique among Earth's modern geological processes.
Very interesting. The pacific plate is moving at less than 4 inches per year. 40,000 years at that rate means that the plume head plumbing that caused the Punchbowl eruption has only moved 2.5 miles since then. That distance is small compared to the 300+ mile width of the hotspot, so from a purely geometric viewpoint, Oahu should still be at risk.
More hawaiian volcanos please
I liked this, soon back to Philippines to see my fiance, we plan to drive some from Pasay to taal first, then a day trip guided trek to Pinatubo lake. It's been almost 20 years since last trip
Do a video on how recent mega waves has affected the Hawaii and canary islands to help them landslide easier or no affect at all to them creating there own mega waves???
Great vids , educational and satisfying , you definitely know your stuff 👏👍🏻💚. Would it be possible to get your take on Slemish , a distinct volcanic mound based in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. Thanks
So I was wondering.... How big was that tsunami from that Caldara colapse?
I’m interested in how big the resultant tsunami from the caldera collapse would have been, and how far that wave would have affected. Also, something I’ve noticed for decades is that the islands in the Hawaii chain get bigger the further east. The line of older submersed eruption zones get quite small the further west, and then north west to the coast of eastern Russia. I think it’s like a waking dragon, taking bigger and bigger fiery breaths, and this next one is long and deep. When it goes, it will be huge. Either that or the hot spot is nearly spent and volcanic activity will fade out.
What makes some hotspots produce less-explosive effusive eruptions (like Hawaii) and some produce gigantic explosive ones (like Yellowstone)?
I have no actual expertise here but my hypothesis would be that it has to do with the rock that the mantle plume has intruded into. The Hawaii hotspot is situated under an oceanic plate which I predict is low in silicates wheras the Yellowstone hotspot welled up under a continental plate. The initial eruption of that hotspot was effusive into the Washington area but after the intial flood basalt slowed the magma chamber leeched silicates out of the continental crust which became highly explosive.
@@jmarth523 nailed it
@@jmarth523 Thank you for helping me learn something today. :)
@geologyhub What does the picture at 1:47 come from. i rearly see double eruptions like that?
Hunga Tonga 2009
I'd love to learn more about the Belcher Islands in Hudson's Bay, there's nothing on TH-cam I can find. Not sure if the islands are interesting enough?
yay I’ve been wanting this for awhile
The geologist that cracks the code on 100% certainty when volcano complex is truly extinct or truly dormant should get a Nobel Prize.
I think this is settled already. A volcano is never truly extinct and the term dormant is meaningless over geological times. As the plates move on, it becomes less likely that the old plumbing system will be reused one more time, but a big enough burst of magma from underneath may do just that.
I’d love to see a full video on the Nuuanu Slide at 2:30. And correction: it is not one of, it is THE largest landslide in the history of earth that’s ever been found. It sent a tsunami wave 300ft high over the entire west coast of North America, so huge it flooded inwards more than one state!! (Past California into Nevada, etc!)
Also the same thing happened to the north face of Molokai which is why it has the steepest sheer cliffs in the world at 1800’. Coincidentally it’s landslide actually crosses into the Nuuanu slide from Oahu at a certain point out to sea. They’re easily seen on google satellite maps.
The third volcano that lies west of Wai'anae is the Ka'ena volcano, recently discovered as separate 😊
On a video series called 'How The Earth Was Made', it explained how the Hawaii island chain was formed. Very interesting. The oldest island is the big island and Oahu (most westerly) is the newest.
Oahu isn't the most Western island but cool
@@Monkey559100 Thanks for the correction. Actually, I misspoke also on the sequence. The most western (Kawai?) is the oldest and the big island (Hawai'i) is the newest. The crust is moving west to east over a hotspot.
@@RPRIMICI the most Western is Ni'ihau
what about the active volcanoes in Colorado? Or Oklahoma? Or Arkansas?
I don't know if you've done a video on Olympus mons but it would make sense because it is the biggest volcano in the solar system.
Excellent video.
I climbed diamondhead when I was little, hard to believe how big it is
After watching this video, I am now convinced what is contributing to sea level rise. :)
(on top of the massive ice melt at the moment)
The Giant’s Causeway in Ireland is made of hexagonal basalt pillars. How did it form?
I believe the pillars are formed from solidified magma.
Nick Zentner has several episodes on the Washington flood basalts, with similar formations.
A giant
Request: Mt. Raineer and/or Mt. Baker in the Pacific NW, touch on the Cascadia subduction zone
Would you suspect the Ko’olau volcanic landslide event is related to the landslide event on the north shore of Malakai? They share the same undersea debris field. I would guess both events to be related.
They appear to be both separate events. Shield volcano related flank collapses are surprisingly common. You can even spot them in the waters off the big island of Hawaii
I've free climbed Diamond Head from the outside overlooking Kapoilani Park numerous times years ago. Today this is not possible!
Chances are Diamondhead will never irrupt again.
Interesting content...🇿🇦
The tuff structures remind me of the Volcanic Eifel, Germany. Only the small central lakes are missing.
Another great place to build a city, here's hoping it's completely dormant.
What a beautiful one
Kauai Is Also In A Long Term Period Of Dormantsy. Not Just Honolulu. Please Do A Vidio About Kauai And Its Volcano.
Thanks.
Is that landslide bigger than the one that happened after 1980 eruption of mt st helens
Request dormant volcano s in the north sea area.
There are discovered old volcano reminants by Al the seismic searches for the gas/oil fields.
Wal volcano for example.
excelente trabajo, gracias
The Koolau caldera wasn’t in Kaneohe, it was where the current Kawainui marsh in Kailua is now. Also the current Pali (the Koolau cliffs) is not where the Nuuanu Slide occurred. It broke off a mile or so off the current shoreline. The Pali as it stands now is the result of stream piracy.
The Reason Why I Am Asking You To Do A Video Of The Kauai Volcano Is Because You Have Done A Video f All The Other Volcanoes.
Leahi=Lay-ah-hee aka Diamond Head
Hanauma=Hah-now-mah
Kaloko=Kah-loh-koh