The Third Law of Thermodynamics: Absolute Zero

Brr, it's so cold today! Could it get any colder? Is there a coldest possible temperature? Yes, there is! That seems strange, but now we know that temperature is just a measure of kinetic energy, so zero kinetic energy must mean zero temperature! Let's learn more about this winter wonderland of physics as we wrap up our adventures with the laws of thermodynamics.
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[@chessnoob9150]

I love how he clearly demonstrates it within few minutes

[@stanthonysfire6387]

I'd like you to complement you on the amount of effort and care you put into these informative videos for the general public. Props to you man, takes a certain sort of person to consistently put out great content that I'm sure will be used in the future with this amount of joy in what your doing!

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

thanks kindly! pretty please subscribe!

[@Infinitysearch777]

There many indian students here ❤

[@harshitjethva2647]

Incredible explanation. Easy to learn, the Laws of thermodynamics.

[@宋棍滾]

Many thanks Professor, the concept of S has confused me for a long time, still don't understand from the definition of dS=dQrev/T, T should be a constant value, but sometimes it is very difficult to find a const. T in a process. Another question bothers me a lot is, deltaG can be considered as the maximum work (non PV work) done by the system to surrounding at const. P and T, does that mean whether the process is chemical reaction or electrochemical ,the maximum work can be done by system is always delta G?

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

yes i believe that's accurate!

[@宋棍滾]

Thanks!

[@mayedalshamsi]

I'm still confused. The second law states that the entropy of the universe is always increasing (but it could also remain constant.) However, the third law seems to imply that the final entropy of the universe (after all stars have died out, and energy has been spent,) will be zero. Where am I going wrong, here?

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

You're mixing up the entropy of a system and the entropy of the universe. When the entropy of a system of particles goes down, like when a solid forms, this is accompanied by a release of energy, so freezing causes the dispersal of energy. If everything is frozen, all kinetic energy from particles has been released, which means a maximum state of entropy for the universe. I mean we can go even farther with the expansion of the universe eventually ripping everything apart, etc. That gets pretty abstract.

[@mayedalshamsi]

@@ProfessorDaveExplains - Ah. I think I get it now. Thank you for replying, Professor Dave! Wouldn't have expected it, considering the video has been uploaded over 3 years ago! :)

[@baileyanders218]

Thanks your pretty helpful about thermodynamics

[@DarkSparkCannabis]

If there was a universe void of all energy/matter, like literally nothing, Except 1 single atom, and you measured the temperature at the furthest possible point from the single atom, that point would Not be absolute zero right?
Can absolute zero exist in a universe that has energy?

[@DhirajYash-u8j]

Studying One night before exam

[@shivasmart967]

tq sir

[@kartikverma1964]

thank you professor Dave !

[@audioflux7235]

thanks you it was big help

[@annapolissolarpunk]

thanks Dave!

[@agushadishadis4439]

when a matter in solid state ,the particles vibrate at their own places,somehow they have a little of energy.....does it count as kinetic energy? because vibration also involve velocity right? as in the KE formula

[@nellvincervantes3223]

Yes.

[@multieducation8155]

Thanks sir ❤

[@punithanjohnsaravanan8147]

Nice explanation

[@mimi22629]

We’re blessed to have you prof. Thanks!

[@blackmanny2355]

doesnt even know science stuff i wanna see his degree

[@mungelomwaangasikateyo376]

Foreshadow

[@hqs9585]

It is not that work is equal to 1 for the entropy to be zero. It is that the Boltzmann's law relates Entropy to the number of microstates of the system (W). If only one state is possible then ln 1 = 0 and Entropy is zero.

[@hiredfiredtired]

how is this related to the video

[@hqs9585]

Perhaps you need to watch the video again a few times you then may understand the relevance. Thank

[@hiredfiredtired]

@@hqs9585 nowhere does he mention work in the explanation here

[@hqs9585]

In physics work and energy have the same units, isame dimensions, interchangeable, (physics 101). Thanks for your attention to details. I do have a PH.D in physics and often find errors in the youtube and whenever possible I try to correct them or explain concepts a bit differently, all in good faith and in complete adhesion to PHYSICS.

[@hiredfiredtired]

@@hqs9585 he didtn really mention energy either, he said that when the number of microstates is 1, entropy is 0, whcih yu seem to be agreeing with

[@medotedo8410]

If there it's impossible to lower is it also impossible to increase temperature ?

[@pushpendrapal8393]

2:52 solid, zero, absolute (kelvin).

[@manjilkashyapbaruah5193]

Thank you Jesus Dave for explaining it within minutes😇😇

[@bohothard9452]

perpetual motion fuc*ed this up

[@raanoooshh9296]

I'm so happy I found you

[@gingernut5057]

Imagine if science becomes like religion where people believe in either quantom machanics, general relativity or whatever else we discover by then

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

ah, but these principles don't require faith, they are demonstrably true! religious principles require faith. in short, they are quite different constructs.

[@mayedalshamsi]

@You Design - Middle eastern countries might talk about wanting to acquire and detonate nuclear bombs, but let's not forget that a western country has already gone beyond that point and actually used them. Twice.
So, who are the savages, really?

[@Quwucuqin]

Use your neurons study what is logic u might get your answer

[@ILLUMI-NATTY]

Maniac!

[@Mdtjt]

Allah created us and the entire universe❤❤.....

[@abomizil5804]

I had a hard time with the laws, but now I don't. Thank you proff

[@joelfernando6207]

Very nice

[@lynneboomsma3838]

I learned more in this video then I learned in 4 years school

[@jessrush1171]

your videos are great thank you so much

[@freeuser2238]

Niiice !!! Explaination by science jesus

[@agushadishadis4439]

mv^2/2

[@massey4639]

vry id is gud contyent

[@donut_4048]

Thank you

[@naomigelila9048]

Thank you so much; you’re awesome!!

[@jiyavats6272]

Thanks

[@karunakarsahu8091]

your vdo is very helpful for students

[@user9005]

better than crash course.

[@schnitzel438]

When you solve the zero-point energy of a substance, you find that it will always have some vibrational energy. For the particle to be at zero kelvin, every part of it would need to be stationary (electrons/nuclei completely still), which doesn't make much sense when you think about it.

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

just wait for my modern physics tutorials, my friend! coming next month.

[@schnitzel438]

Can't wait! Just thought I'd put the course I did in phys chem to use by making this comment :p

[@cbhorxo]

2:45 Ah yes, the asolute zero

[@mehalaiilayaraja8487]

Man I feel pity for you .. your are severely underrated

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

Haha I appreciate the concern but I'm doing quite well for myself! Nevertheless please tell your friends about the channel :)

[@lindaedvardsson4218]

Same same but different..😬.

[@mohamadhanan5706]

thank you man, much love ( no homo )

[@E-2.71]

Enjoy and learn various areas of physics when he talks!!!

[@moaningcicle1839]

Thank you professor !

[@tarco12000]

The entropy is 0 at 0 K for only a perfect crystalline solid. Consider carbon monoxide.

[@musicplaylists64]

Quick and thorough!

[@nescio03]

Nothing is moving is not possible according to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle.

[@jmattsamazingworld]

Amazing 🎉!!!!

[@tejas1531]

Solid,0, Kelvin

[@michaelkwandangwa2510]

The golden guy

[@rassimsimou1594]

Good

[@shangujjarAhmad]

Mashallaha how you clearly demonstrate the lecture

[@qwertyphysics]

Temperature: It is a physical quantity that is the measure of hotness or coldness of an object.

[@atipamulavenugopal4654]

I am from India
Thank you sir from your video I learned this concept...

[@FatimaElHaj]

I love the entro🤣

[@ellecarajay]

very clear😍 thanks for this lecture

[@yannafinnn8510]

Thanks for explaining..but what are the examples of 3rd law of thermodynamic in industry and everyday life? I have a difficulty in searching for the application of 3rd law of thermodynamics

[@abelbro3550]

Water converting from liquid state to gas is an application of third law of thermodynamics….

[@adarshjha1999]

If 0K can't be reached then how can we get the estimate that it is the lowest possible temperature, why not any other temperature except 0K?

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

well it's not an estimate, zero kelvin simply represents a complete absence of heat energy. heat is simply a form of kinetic energy, so no kinetic energy means no heat.

[@nellvincervantes3223]

And theres a term called "negative temperature" example: -1 Kelvin, -3000 Kelvin. And they are hotter than positive temperature in kelvin scale.

[@carultch]

@@nellvincervantes3223 Negative temperature is a hypothetical case. It is "hotter than positive temperature" because of the implications of how the principles of entropy would apply, in governing which object transfers heat. You'll find that to satisfy the second law of thermodynamics, a negative temperature object would have to transfer heat to a positive temperature object, rather than vice versa as we would expect.

[@akzlambent2710]

Thank you sir..
Love from Bangladesh

[@ruchisingh2630]

thanx sir

[@rimanishad5329]

Thanks for easily understanding

[@soiltestcropresponse8091]

Nice video. At absolute zero, is it solid state or Bose-Einstein condensate?

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

i think for a BEC to form it has to be an exceptionally dilute gas

[@andresalfaropetzold1816]

I need help with the next question. At 0 kelvin, what's the variation on entropy in the reaction H2(s) + O(s) --> H2O(s)?

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

chemical reactions can't occur at 0 K

[@andresalfaropetzold1816]

@@ProfessorDaveExplains thx!