Old Norse "Class" 8: Prepositions
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Aidan Holmgren points to a typo in the slide visible at 12:08, where "Gaft þú mann . . ." ought to have read "Gaft þú manni . . ."
Also, there's inevitably a more complicated picture here than I can or will present in a ten-minute introductory video, but one thing that slipped my own mind was that 'eptir' has a dative object (as I presented it here) only in the sense of "along" or when you're going "after" someone. But "after" an event or a point in time takes an accusative object: 'eptir þat' ("after that"), 'eptir ár' ("after one year"). I apologize for the oversimplification.
I noticed that the dative/ accusative "movement" distinction is extremely similar, if not identical, to German!
It's funny you say that because after listening to this video, my German makes a lot more sense..p
Dative Staytive; Accusative Movative. I remember that from my German at school. I think the same applies to Latin (ablative instead of dative) and Greek so it's probably a feature common to all IE languages with cases.
Doctor Crawford, I wonder, have you ever read the Danish comic series Valhalla? Or seen the animated feature film based on it? It is the biggest Danish comic success of all time, and it stars the actual Norse gods rather than making it focus on just the humans (who happen to be Thialvi and Röskva!) It is very faithful to the mythology, but sometimes simply refer to events rather than retelling them real time, and also refer to some things that is said to happen one day but then doesn't actually happen. It's comedic, sort of in the style of Asterix but less so about real world history. There is some of that sort of thing as well, though, such as the story of how Ragnar Loðbrog got his name. They also make fun of the contradictions that exist in the mythology. A few characters are composites but only about two or so. It's never been out in English, but there is a scanlation online. Sadly it is of varying quality. The characters of Thor and Loki are amazingly close to their mythological counterpart btw. I think you would like these comics. The cosmology is also touched upon quite a lot, often simply in little visual references or comments, but it doesn't follow the cosmological information from the sources to a tee, which are also contradictory anyway to begin with. I'd love to send you one of the comics, a collected volume of the first three comics. The art is really beautiful, but it starts a bit so-so, then turns lusher and lusher and starts having more realistic terrain for backgrounds (which was actually because something Giraud/Moebius told the artist, Peter Madsen (NOT the rocket guy/murderer). The comic series is 40+ years old by now btw.
The word “bolværk” in modern Danish means “a strong protective wall”. Often for ships to be tied to, but also in a broader meaning of “protection” against what ever.
Apparently the corresponding high german word bolewerc was borrowed into French and became Boulevard. en.wiktionary.org/wiki/boulevard#French
widhbnw efDwdwDW: Interesting that the word seems to be used for Odin in old norse.
@@kode1303 and meaning something actually quite the opposite.
@@kode1303
"Bolverkr" ("bale-worker") and "bolværk" (from Low German) are different words. They share the element "værk" or "work" but are otherwise unrelated.
Mr. Wen \m/ Thanks. I didn’t know that.
It's supposed to be dative "manni" in the sentence "Gaft þú mann* frá Íslandi hús", right? (Edit: sorry, just saw that it's already been addressed)
Body parts were really in dative? So you could say: "Tak þú hond honum"? Not "tak þú hond hans"?
Based on Faroese, if I made a semi-direct translation, I would not interpret "lýstr ofan í miðjan hvirfil honum" as "beats down into the middle of the top of HIS head", but rather as an action onto him on his head, for instance: "beats ONTO HIM down into the middle of the top of his head".
But then again, it's been a couple centuries since we spoke Old Norse, so I might wrong.
What preposition would you use for "of"? For example in German they use "von"; in Japanese they use "no" and in Spanish they use "de." If we were to say something fictional to talk about someone such as "Impa the Valkyrie" or "Impa of the Valkyrie," how would they be said in Old Norse? Thank you!
Til + gen actually does make sense. "I'm going to the dentist's"
In modern Danish you can still say "til søs" ( = to the seas ( = on a ship)), but apart from that I think that we have lost the genitive preposition.
@@anotherelvis The phrases "til lands", "til søs", "til fods" (meaning mode of transport) are fossils/fixed phrases. If you nowadays say eg. "til bils" people will give you a weird look.
I know we have a lot of those fossils in Swedish.
Till sjöss, till fots, till havs, till bords, till skogs, tillfreds, till salu, ta till orda, tillbaks/tillbaka, till ända, etc.
Ivan Skytte Jørgensen kul grej, ett tag så brukade jag säga ”låtom oss taga till bils”, eller bara ”tagom till bils” för att det är kul å blanda gammal grammatik med nya koncept!
@@saftobulle Wow, det låter grymt! Det verkar inte konstigt för mig att läsa gamla grammatiken på svenska. På danska skulle det bli för konstigt till att fungera alls: ladum/ladom os gå. Nej, jag vet inte. Men det verkar i alla fall fungera på svenska. Hälsning en färöing
I take it that the seemingly direct object of kvaða goes in the dative because the verb has an implied direct object, that being the person hearing?
I'm late and you probably already know it, but I'll say it anyway. "Kvæði" is the nominative (that's how he introduces the word) and you also know that the word is neuter, so the accusative must be "kvæði" too. So "kvæði" here is in the accusative, not the dative.
The person hearing is the one that would actually go in the dative.