Will This Revolutionize Chemistry? (Organic Electrochemistry)
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 22 ส.ค. 2024
- Check out the IKA Electrasyn 2.0 via: www.ika.com/en #electrasyn (sponsored)
In this video I am showing a typical procedure for how to conduct synthetic organic electrochemistry, using the Electrasyn. It shows that it is a lot easier, safer and more convenient than regular organic chemistry where dangerous and more expensive reagents are required. It is also more atom-economic and reduces the amount of steps.
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This video was sponsored by IKA. It contains a product placement for the Electrasyn 2.0. The Electrasyn 2.0, electrodes and reagents were provided by IKA. IKA had no role in the production of this video nor influenced what I said.
I finished this video several weeks ago already, but I had to wait before I could publish it, so this is not the only thing I have been working on since my last video! Expect more (hopefully) soon.
Benzen from acetic acid
Bro literally combined the two worst types of chemistry in existence and got an actual, measurable yield which is really impressive
He brooo where is your biodiesel video. Can you make it using coconut oil? I think the biodiesel will be great because coconut oil has many short chain fatty acids which might give a biodiesel with lower flash point and lesser viscosity 😉😙
@ommhatre3645 his goal was the glycerine. The 'biodiesel' was more of a byproduct... it would be cool to make a video on different oils and their corresponding biodiesels with different esters to test as well. You could even test them in an engine and record the different parameters... maybe I'll do it. I've always wanted to start recording all of the cool chem I do...
How dare you, lol
Organic chemistry is the best type of chemistry, fym
Still kinda yellow
I am so happy to see a video regarding my field of research!
Just to make it clear the Electrasyn is not the best set up to start synth. electro organic synthesis. There is a lot of literature regarding galvanostatic reactions from other groups only using a lab power supply and simple electrodes. I would be super happy to see more of electrosynthesis videos on your channel. You could contact me for some easy synthetic procedures or literature to show on your channel!
I’m looking into doing some electrowinning soon. For organic electro, I might do it again if it is necessary/convenient. It can be a bit limiting in scale sometimes.
Yes I know. Especially when using the screening kits like the Electrasyn etc from IKA. There are reactions known working in larger scale and easy work up procedure. I was involved in some multi gram scale up. Sometimes flow can solve this limitation.
How does microwave hydro diffusion come into play here?
i love that under everyone of these obscure videos there is someone doing a PhD in that topic that is obviously procrastinating on their thesis(looking at you Tom)
Your generation has the worst narcissism where you need to interject things that have nothing to do with this, while telling us how intelligent you think you are then tell him how super happy you would be to see more videos then tell him to contact you so his videos get made how you think they should.... you are a zoomer, or millennial.... I can tell
You are constantly raising the roof in YT chemistry community… mad respect
Reject complicated organic catalysts, embrace electrons
You’re basically the only organic chemist on TH-cam who still makes legitimate chemistry videos! Please keep it up, your content is amazing!
There's one other gentleman that does great videos . Poor mans chemist is the channel .
Worth watching
Electro organic chemistry sounds fascinating and all, but what really blew my mind in that video was this showerhead funnel you used to fill your column with solvent at 8:00 .
I haven't run a column in 8 years but where was this piece of glassware when I did? I've never seen this anywhere. Our glassblowers could have easily made this. I feel like i missed out on something important.
Always improving brother! Good video! Also this is black magic
I once asked a professor who is specialised in organic electrochemistry why they don’t use the Elektrasyn. He told me that it is a nightmare to work with because the magnetic stirrer tends to break the electrodes. I forgot the other points but people like to jump on trains when it comes to high impact research
I was always interested in electro chem and I’m finishing up my second semester of ochem. This video really got me hyped to see how vast electro chem can be! I don’t think I’ll end up doing this in the future, but it still looks amazing!
This kind of chemistry is incredibly exciting. Can’t wait to see how it evolves and grows
This made my day! Please don't stop uploading chem content. I need my chemistry fix over the break.
Love the username!
Organic electrochemist right here! Great video. I use electrasyn quite often and can say it changes the game for good. Electrochemistry introduces more variables besides that of organic chemistry, which can be a nightmare for some but also an advantage as you can get different outcomes from the pure electrochemical optimization. Gladly electrasyn handles that very well and not much electrochemistry is required for one to get to know the field
Awesome chemistry! I want to try some electrochemical organic synthesis now!
It often looks good on paper, but can be a headache in practice. A good place to start is a Kolbe synthesis because of the simple setup. Then switch to divided cells, try a 'simple' electroreduction of oxalic acid to glyoxylic acid. A PC power supply is a good source of low voltage high current, and you need a rheostat to specifically adjust current to the required current density on the electrode. When using divided cells, it is also recommended to use a reference electrode (usually calomel or silver chloride) to be able to fine-tune required voltage (all excess will convert to unwanted resistance/heat + fine tuning voltage at cathode allows for selective reductions).
Man, I absolutely love these creative synthesis videos. While I do think you a have a lot of talent as an experimental chemist, what I appreciate the mosts out of your content is your apparent theoretical knowledge and the way you share it with the public. As a new PhD student in org chem, it's amazing to finally have youtubers such as you and Chemdelic doing not only the experimental work on video but also showcasing the theoretical aspects of planning a synthesis, figuring out reaction mechanisms and ultimately pushing the boundries of science. I couldn't enjoy it more, keep up the good work❤
Ozonolysis is the latest "new" tool in organic chemistry. The old oxidizers such as permanganate or chrome get left in the dust. Uses 95% Acetone.
It streamlines the process, leaves .HCl intact. Under 1 hour to completion.
90% yield. Pale yellow colour.
Amazing!
Ozonolysis isn't new at all, it's just the same old early 20th century methods repackaged as "green chemistry". Also ozonolysis usually requires dry ice temps, and isn't without risk, intermediate ozonides are often sensitive explosives.
Ive been thinking about this topic and I'm not any type of chemist but really find it interesting
Yay electrochemistry! I just got done running a chlorate cell with mmo electrodes and an old pc power supply at 4A for 60 days ❤
thank you for your contributions to the community!!
I am writting a paper on this right now. Organophosphorus electrochemistry :) cheers
Echem is awesome! Thanks for making a great video showing the emerging practicality of electrosynthesis :)
Kinda got me excited about the progesterone synthesis... any chance you're gonna do a video about prog or maybe estradiol? 🤠
Maybe in the future! Currently no plans for hormones, but I would prefer doing it chemically (without electro). My choice would probably be testosterone though ;)
@@Chemiolis Testosterone is really cool too. Without at least a little bit present, one's hippocampus would be very unhappy 😅
@@Chemiolis Going off readily-available precursors, testosterone is by far the easiest because converting between corticosteroids, progestins, androgens, and estrogens requires making/breaking double bonds without destroying everything else. DHEA is available over-the-counter in many countries and is biologically not very useful, so it's a great synthesis platform because it's an androgen you can easily convert to actual, useful testosterone in a lab with simple reduction/hydrogenation reactions. Estriol is also available OTC but not in pure form, so there IS a readily-available estrogen to do similar syntheses with if you don't mind having to extract it from like 7 bottles of menopause lotion.
@@EnUsUserScreenname you might enjoy Thy Labs. :)
@@LenKusov There exists an interesting single-step approach using biofermentation with starved, oxygen-saturated yeast, that converts DHEA into testosterone in one step. It is only suitable for small amounts though, a gram per gallon of fermented broth at best, and extraction will surely be a pain in the butt. Their approach was very interesting though, under normal conditions baker's yeast has a reducing action, but it is possible to tweak starved yeast into becoming an oxidation catalyst. They used plain baker's yeast, but it had to be pre-treated in a very specific fashion with aqueous acetaldehyde in a nutrient-poor environment and constant oxygen-enriched air bubbling for a few days. Then you add it to an aqueous suspension of DHEA and some nutrients, and keep bubbling air/oxygen in for some time, it would oxidise the DHEA to androstenedione in situ. Next you add sugar to the mixture and let it ferment in normal conditions which turns the yeast into its normal reducing mode again, and the androstenedione gets selectively reduced to testosterone.
All in all a novel and elegant approach. Still the whole madness today where people readily take hormones as if they were candy, I don't like it.
You took your already top-caliber chem TH-cam content to a new next level with this video. Keep it up with testing frontier chemistry like this!!
Electrasyn!
It's good to see electrochemistry expand into organic chemistry. Thanks!
Uh, you lost me at short bath distillation. This synthesis seems intense. There are a lot of steps and a new machine. You didn't even break a sweat. You understood all of it! That's truly awesome!
The process is actually called short "Path" distillation.
Cause it’s distilled directly or via a “short path” :D
Okay, faraday's per mol is completely insane. COMPLETELY. I had to walk down a long path to even figure out how the hell any scientist thought up this unit of measure. First, you have the SI unit for electrical charge, which is coulomb. Then you have a constant called Faraday's Constant which is the amount of coulombs in 1 mol of electrons, expressed as coulombs per mol. Then you have a goofy NON STANDARD unit of measure called the faraday (little f) which is an amount of coulombs equal to Faraday's Constant times Avogadro's Number, expressed as coulombs. Then finally you have faraday's per mol which is actually... COULOMBS PER MOL AGAIN. But its worse than that! its an AMOUNT of coulombs per mol!!
Only a chemist could come up with such a foul non standard usage of SI because it contains Faraday's Constant and Avogadro's Number in such a way that it likely makes some basic algebra simpler down the line. JUST USE COULOMBS PER MOL. My brain hurts.
Oh and don't confuse this with the SI unit farad! that is 1 coulomb per volt! And you will likely deal with farads doing electrochem because they are how capacitors are characterized.
Hate to admit, but I usually don't focus on the actual chemistry. I come here to just watch mixing of odd stuff and its outcome which feels therapeutic enough to calm my weary soul.
I see that someone watched Baran’s intro to his seminars multiple times 😂😂 excellent work lad
Oh man, I just caught a very cool flashback. I studied organic electrochemistry in my last year, when I was studying to be a chemist. It was a very cool job lasting many months, which taught me almost everything I need to be a good specialist.
A lot of what is shown here was routine for me. And even more than is shown here...
I remember reading a write up for clandestine d amphet in a book by uncle fester back in the 90's. It called for a palladium electrode using a lambskin condom as a makeshift semi permeable membrane.
I'm surprised its not more common considering chemistry is all about the electrons.
well normally electrochemistry is just wayyy too sledgehammer for its own good, because, like you said, it can do basically any and all of the chemistry unless everything is kept under super controlled conditions
@@NautsuJJR I'm not quite sure what you mean that.. Do you mean it's hard to control side or unwanted reactions ?
Thats brilliant. I always wondered if that was possble, not that i enjoyed electrochemistry. I just figured it would somehow work to perform organic chem one day.
F/mol is… such a weird unit. I guess it makes sense when you consider the substance like a capacitor being charged up by the apparatus, but it still smells strongly of unit crimes.
Faraday, not farad. It's one mole of electrons.
...god, I hate it when units use the same letters. That makes more sense but I'm just more upset.
Love your work.... ❤ your opening words were very apt...
I've been saying this for years, electrolysis for REDOX reactions makes so much more sense from an energy input standpoint and removes the need for high activity reagents. Only issue to be worked out for manipulation of organic compounds is finding a suitable polar solvent. Changing the anode/cathode material may allow for more selective reactions, i.e. partial reduction and targeting certain functional groups of a molecule.
Dsng thats huge would expect nobel prize on this kind of research
Okay but that three d print lab stand is everything ring stands want to be I mean I'm doing chemistry like a caveman with my awkward rust ridden clamps and your clamps adjust this video has unironically reshaped my view of what the future of chemistry is.
Amazing stuff! Probably the first video of an electrasyn being used outside of a university lab on youtube?
Great column chromatography you will rarely find someone on youtube who does it the right way!
Great video! I'd love to see more electro organic synthesis!
omg electrasyn, i wish to play with it one day :00
Update: got to play with it. It’s shit
Aren't we a fancy lad, using DIC in stead of DCC :3
Respect from a pharmacist dude cool to see technology helping to explore new methods
Key challenge is obtaining high yields. Isn’t it??? Large scale industrial applications have been achieved but they’re as rare as hens’ teeth.
That remaining grain of hydroxypthalimide, so finely contrasted with the black plate of the heater, has ignited in me a level of anxious frustration that I believe is only experienced by OCD sufferers. Thank you for diagnosing me. XD
as a simple mechanical engineer my head is destroyed by this content, very nice:)
Very cool appreciate your time.
How do people figure out what that wild mixture of chemical had to be to react favourably to the anode/cathode material and electricity to get the product? Almost looks like magic or alchemy to me!
Most of it is based on previous work! Everyone builds on eachother’s research and uses it to discover something new.
Yey electrochemistry ty
This topic is my favorite. RedOx with wires is awesome.
Just like biochemistry. E chem is black magic as well
Sweet!!! Never seen one of these devices! Maybe I'll understand enough to use one soon 🎉
It looks promising. As a related note, there is a lot of active progress in BIOSYNTHESIS of various chemicals using genetically-altered yeasts.
needs more amps for atleast 100g of product to be made after some time. They gotta make it bigger and use larger electrodes and atleast 10-15 amps of current available for the particular electrosynth.
I wonder if such a method could be used, instead of LAH, to reduce a nitrile to an amine?
Cool, I love drugs
0:54 I can replace expensive catalysts by instead just hooking a car battery to it??? Wtf I love electric organic chemistry now
great video dude, respect
I've been interested in electrolytic reductions for years.
Literally just submitted my post-lab for electrochemistry in biochem today
I haven't found any literature or papers that have tested this specific compound, but based on substances with similar structures (substituted 4'-arylethyl-4-phenylmorpholines), you likely made a blood thinner, tyrosinkinase/NPM-ALK inhibitor, HIF-1alpha inhibitor or potent ribosomal kinase 1-3 inhibitor. In any case, I'm quite sure that it's very unhealthy if ingested. Also, PubChem is great :D
"Unhealthy" was a record-winning understatement. The effects you listed mostly sound like someone's liver will shutdown, with a few days left to live.
@@user-yb5cn3np5q The inhibitor properties I listed above are utilized in several novel/research anti-cancer drugs, so a fulminant cytotoxic reaction would be plausible - I said >very< unhealthy for a reason xD
i always loved synthetic organic electrochemistry. Problem is indeed: standardized equipment; cell construction, quality low-resistance diaphragms (they will charge you an arm and a leg for a few dm^2 of Nafion® sheet, which is just sulfonated polystyrene), efficient cooling of both anode and cathode, and expensive platinum electrodes. A lot of it is overkill though, when you see how pre-1960s chemists approached it with cheap unglazed porcelain diaphragms but of course resistance will be high making efficient cooling a hassle.
BTW electrocatalytic hydrogenation using a sacrificial catalytically active anode (like nickel) in a single, undivided cell is an understudied subject, the old approach usually was electroreduction on cathodes with high hydrogen overvoltage like lead or mercury, in divided cells. With electrocatalytic hydrogenation, through the sacrificial nickel anode a continuous, fresh and highly active spongy layer of nickel saturated with hydrogen is deposited on the cathode, eliminating even the need of a diaphragm. Of course due to the nature of the setup it will be limited in scalability, but it could be an elegant alternative to the classic hydrogenation with skeletal (Raney) nickel.
Nafion isn't sulfonated PS, it's actually a branched perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid. I recommend using the re-enforced stuff as a cell divider.
can you do this with an aryl dihalide? or can you use formic acid in situ as the carboxylic acid?
I DO SYNTHETIC ECHEM AT MY LAB OMG THIS VIDEO IS FOR ME
I think I'm good at chemistry but I had no chance of following this but I still found it interesting anyways for the bits I did understand.
this is part of the magic of reality; thank you
Great video!
Amazing job well done how are you it was super amazing
5:52 If you have free flowing silica I find you can use much less to adsorb your crude material than if you used celite.
Hmm I should hire a personal chemist to make my favorite recipes 🤔😃
I suspect to convert plastics in a renewable source. The key are the electrochemistry and the electrocatalysis.
Mmm something not very soluble and higher yield as literature probably ureas. Them are very dificult to separate by coloumn because the distribute in there. They can be precipitated in cold DCM but allways stay a little un solution.
Sorry for bad english i am from spain
Don't worry about your English, I'm in the UK and half the natives here are worse! 👍
Many years ago, knew a meth head in Kentucky, who would run electricity thru chicken wire, and spray it down with cans of Insecticide. It crystalized on the wire, and he'd bust it off and sell it as other products. As someone with no chemistry experience, It's cool seeing chemistry/electricity used in a lab setting with better purpose lol
I didn't understand anything of this but still enjoyed the video
I wanted to do this in my thesis 20 years ago but couldn’t find literature and a supervisor that would back the idea.
I think it will revolutionize it. Yes
That's a cool way to make another jar of white powder
@ 7:34, if the air bubble editing you spotted was that big one in the center about 1-2 cm up, I wouldn't worry about *that* at least... 😅
It looks like it's in the glass itself, which would be worrying in itself, since it's a weak spot. 😕
You can see it before you loaded the column (7:17), and also on the second column (19:13).
Video suggestions can you turn acrylonitrile to polyacrylonitrile and then carbon fibre if possible ❤ love your vid btw.
i still think HHO gas generators is my favorite application of electrochem. or does that not count because its just breaking a bond and not really synthesizing a compound? i think we will see HHO gas an energy storage or energy transportation in the future, or possibly just H2 gas. transporting HHO gas is kind of insane because of how unbelievably explosive it is and how energy dense the gas is, but if you have a container that isn't leaking than you can store energy essentially forever. i could only imagine the blast from a huge tanker car full of HHO going up in a rail fire though. just propane or butane is bad enough when they go up
It's a bit spooky to me to put a clamp on your air hose when doing flash. I prefer just pressing it on by hand and it plopping off if the pressure ever gets too high (sometimes product starts crystallizing in the column suddenly when it becomes "too pure", clogging it) rather than having the column itself potentially blowing up.
Jan Hendrik Schön is somewhere, watching this video..
Do you have any interest in molten salt electrochemistry? I always thought it was interesting that you could theoretically melt a eutectic mix of NaOH and KOH in your oven. I never tried it because those things can cause nasty burns if they have any water trapped in them
Seems 4-(4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)phenyl)morpholine is a high value chemical. What is it primarily used for commercially?
IKA sells great rotovaps too....
Awesome video but there should probably be some advertising disclosures in there. And if the products and services that you are talking up are not affiliated with you in any way you should say that. Tiss the law my friend and you should look into it before you get yourself in trouble. Again Awesome work :)
Im sure he has all of the licenses required in his country to synthesize what he is demonstrating. Any viewer planning to replicate this, or doing chemistry in general, ought to be wise enough to look this up themselves, for their government’s own specific regulations.
Hi, very nice video! I have a curiosity, what's the Seebach's stain that you used in your last TLC?
Would like to know the availability of videos and literature for electro synthesis of possible industrial chemicals
We add some ethyl acetate, and then add some celite, which I washed with ethyl acetate, and on top of which i added more ethyl acetate, and washed the setup with ethyl acetate, extracted the product with ethyl acetate 3 more times, took the ethyl acetate solution and then added more cealite and sand into it, and added more ethyl acetate....
Would be interested on any work on Organic Electrochemistry and 5Meo-dmt or what is often known to be far more complicated, A psilocybin synth.
Hey there sorry if I sound stupid here but in the first step of the reaction at 4:57 I do understand the mechanism but isn't it all possible using the n bromo phtalikide and the potassium or sodium salt of the acid you used? thanks if you reply in advance
Ah, but what are the PKa's and energy used .. Furthermore, can the chromatography be enhanced by 'holding' the impurity to the top with a magnetic field or light charged grid?
Amazing trying to inspire the way to utilize microwave assisted synthetic chemistry. Thinking you can detail more regarding as I still feel, just like electrolysis and other RF assisted reactions, there are many areas of opportunity for the devices and the methods.
Figure the range of analog and digital methods expansion opportunities if wasn't clear. I assumed at a younger age that the spectroscopic methods must correlate somehow to more selective reaction areas of opportunities. So from DC to daylight and ionizing methods as well.
Excellent work FYI! Thanks for sharing!
Can we get an NMR spectrum or something to see that the product is what you say it is?
at 19:40 i'm getting stressed out by the flask slowly falling down lol.
I thought you said that device came from Ikea at first ... and was soooo confused lol.
i think the aliens beamed this into my mind too, a lot of industrial processes suck and are unimaginative and could be better like this. thanks.
16:24 which paper did you use to establish that mechanism?
Bio-Field & Electric Universe vibes
where did you get the perforated funnel at 8:00 from?