Chemistry Science: Protons, Electrons & Neutrons Discovery
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 3 ส.ค. 2013
- This chemistry science tutorial video shows how did protons, electrons, and neutrons were discovered? This video shows the scientists and the chemical experiments that led to their discovery.
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About Atomic School:
Atomic School supports the teaching of Atomic Theory to primary school & science students .
We provide lesson plans, hands-on classroom resources, demonstration equipment, quizzes and a Teacher's Manual to primary school teachers. Animated videos that clearly explain the scientific ideas supports learning by both teachers and students. As a teacher, you don't have to look anywhere else to implement this program.
Our work has been verified by science education researchers at the University of Southern Queensland, Dr Jenny Donovan and Dr Carole Haeusler, who confirm that primary students are capable of learning much more complex scientific concepts than previously thought, and crucially, that they love it. Students run to class!
The program has been trialed in Australian schools as well as schools in the Philippines, Iran and India. It is conducted as holiday workshops at the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, the Queensland Museum as well as the World Science Festival.
It has attracted wide media interest, including TV, radio and print, and the research data has been presented at prestigious American Education Research Association and Australian Science Education Research Association conferences.
Atomic Theory underlies all the other sciences- genetics, electronics, nanotechnology, engineering and astronomy- so an early understanding will set them up for a more successful learning sequence for all their science subjects, and support their mastery of mathematics as well. We also have extension programs that cover Biology, Physics and Astronomy to an equal depth.
About Ian Stuart (Email: ian.douglas.stuart@gmail.com):
The founder of Atomic School, Ian Stuart, taught Chemistry and Physics for 25 years at senior levels before he realized that his 8-year old son, Tom, could understand Atomic Theory at a much deeper level than he expected. After visiting Tom's class at school, he discovered that his peers could also grasp the abstract scientific concepts, as well as apply it usefully to the real world.
Ian then developed a program to teach the advanced concepts of high school Chemistry, Physics and Biology to students 10 years younger than they normally would. He found that this engaged their interest in modern science early, and sustained it through to high school and beyond. It also sets them up for future success in their academic and career paths.
Ian has a Bachelor's Degree in Chemistry from the University of Queensland and a Master's degree in Electrochemistry from the University of Melbourne.
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Video transcript:
How did they figure out how many protons were in a nucleus?
Very nice. Explaining how things were discovered actually helps explain it a lot better than if you were to try to describe the things themselves.
Wasn't sure about this video at first but when you watch the whole thing you realise it's very informative and well thought out, Great video. I finally understand.
Very nice of you, sir. Apart from the explanations, the animation is also good!!! :)
Thank you so much for the explanation..
Excellent and extraordinary video as all that I have seen so far created by this great master professor. Thanks so much Ian Stuart for teaching me and for you passion for knowledge! I can't wait to see which video is next! Julián Gómez Giraldo.
All that was really discovered were electric values pumped into mathematical equations and mass assumptions about what is observed
Best video I have ever seen in atoms and particls I'm in 4th grade and that helped me a lot
It's really interesting. I have learn in chemistry but not so precise. Very instructive.
Very well explained. Subscribed.
A really good video and so well explained, thank you so much!
Dera Ian Stuar, Thanks very much for your post and dedication to make it. I am really interesting to know what program are you using to make the animation. Could you tell us? Thanks in advance
Thanks for making this video, really informative.
This helped with my work and washing machine. Thank you!
great video....nicely explained..! thank u so much
this really helped! thanks!
Really well explained!
Nice...I understood it in a jiffy..Thank you Ian Stuart
thax brother
you cleared all my doubts
Very nice explanation. I cleared all of my doubts. Thanks for the video.
Awesome video... Thanks :)
Really helped me, thanks a lot!
One great analogy for attempting to comprehend how "small" the smallest things are is this; "The period at the end of this sentence is to the Observable Universe, as the Planck Length is the size of the period." I'm not sure we can comprehend in human terms just how small that is, but this analogy helped me. Is it physically possible for anything to be smaller than a Planck Length? String theory is virtually discredited so don't answer; "Strings" unless you are able to PROVE Strings even exist. BTW; if you CAN prove Strings exist I think you may be receiving a Nobel Prize...
How did the (neutron) particles get knocked out of the beryllium nuclei? Why did James use Beryllium? was it done on purpose? If so, why? Also, why didn't the alpha particles knock the protons out of the nuclei?
This video teaches how atoms where being formed and discovered by the scientist Mr. Dalton. He even stated how does an atom looks like. As a student, i barely see that this video is very useful for us. We could gain informations about atoms and its sub atomic particles for our studies. This video was great as for me.
very informative!
why doesnt the atom "collapse" if the electrons and protons are so close together and oppositely charged- shouldnt they attract each other and "stick" like magnets do??
Interesting piece of history though I do have a question regarding the interplay between the electron and the nucleus. The electric force is the "glue" that binds electrons to their alleged orbits but what is it that keeps the electrons from falling into the atom? There must be a counter repulsive force.
Great vid!
J J Thompson's cathode rays are attracted to opposite poles. I assume this is based on the behavior of magnets, opposite poles attract. There are many reasons why I believe that this is not the case where individual charged particles are concerned and that in different configurations they behave in different ways eg. electricity, magnetism, gravity, extreme gravity, neutrons etc but modern science doesn't allow that there could be alternatives. But a great Video. Thank you Mr Stewart.
Such a good video :)
OK, as a layman I get always stuck in my understanding as soon as the assumption of unseen particles begins, in this case, at 1:16.
Thank you for this good knowledge video.
Thank you
Good explanation
just a small thought.. how did JJ know that the plates were negative or positive? it could have been possible that the positives repelled away from the positives at that time right?
JJ. Hahahahahah. xD
Dude, he knew which plate was negative and positive. He could set them up, with the positive one above the negative one. The rays repelled towards the positive plate, which indicates that the rays had some negative charge. :|
but was the gold foil how Rutherford discovered the proton too? I thought when he discovered the nucleus in his gold foil experiment, they did not know about "protons", just that the nucleus had a positive charge.
+Natalia Different experiment although the results seem similar, between Chadwick's and Rutheford's, the former noticed particles did not deflect with either + or - plates, hence he posited said particles were neutral, hence the name neutrons.
Why is it always the Carbon that comes out during the introduction?
Otherwise excellent video, good for my Chemistry Revision!
Ian, thanks for the prompt response. Is this the same nuclear force that keeps electrons orbiting rather getting neutralized or losing its energy?
can we say that k sub particle is actually quark?
thx a lot
nice video.
i didnt understand how were the neutrons knocked off. can you expln me ?
+roshan kumar i think they hitted the nucleous and protons did knocked off too but they knew their number and their charge " so they expected seing 4 particules get devied by the plat " and when they saw others that didn't they made their conclusion' i think this is the only way ' because protons should get knocked off too by shocs :)
+think again But, knocking anything out of Nucleus means enormous energy release like fission or fusion ! Is it not that the nucleus boundary, when invaded releases enormous energy?
Hi Ian thanks for sending me the link on my email! I watched the video and it was very facinating! THANKS!
amazing video, but the first guy that discoverd it wasnt john dalton
it was democritus ..... but he had no evidence :D
thanks :D
+Venom The Gamer You can't discover anything without obtaining any evidence. Democritus had an hypothesis, an educated guess really impressive considering the time when it was made.
How about the theory of particles not the fact as represented
thank u
How do the electrons not eventually just clash with the protons if their positive and negative forces attract?
Kind of like how if you get two magnets of opposite charges, they will attract and clash, why don't electrons and protons? Cheers
Because the electrons are moving ... they have energy.
What happened to the nucleus after having all its neutrons knocked off?
And why did the alpha particles only knock off the neutrons and not the protons?
T Muskett in my opinion , when all of neutrons are knocked off, the atom will be decayed cuz neutrons act as a space buffer between repelling positive charges of protons.
Your 2nd question is the same of mine :(
I also wonder why the Alpha particle could reflect backward when its mass is 4 time higher than a neutron !
The animation is just wrong - the same Be atom is not repeatedly hit, fresh atoms are hit and some fraction of them will liberate a neutron - some will do other things, but neutrons can be filtered out as they don't deflect in an electric or magnetic field. The atoms that are hit are changing to other isotopes, ie undergoing a nuclear reaction.
7:15 'scientists could measure the weight of protons' you do not say how they did that
Nice video. Please can you do an video on E=mc2
Electrons dont orbit. Also, a question: how did they detect the neutron? You showed it going through a cathode ray tube
but never hitting a wall or anything.
tnx,great video...
How did they see the beam of neutrons at that time in history to know that they were not bending when they passed through the charged plates?
at around 6:00, why werent the alpha particles (+ly charged) attracted to the electrons (-ly charged) ?
sir you said that that alpha particles made a direct hit but that is impossible because alpha particles are positively charged and also the nucleus so there will be a repulsion before the collision and it will return by the same path
thank you sir
Nothing actually touches anything really, its an illusion - forces between particles do the pushing, and its even stranger than that since quantum mechanics means you cannot observe an interaction
directly, only by the effects of the resultant particles on your detectors - whether particles touched or not isn't really a question you can ask of nature I think?
Nice vid i like it.
***** No problem, keep up bro.
If atoms are still divisible further to reveal smaller constituents wouldn't this mean that what we thought were atoms aren't actually atoms? That the protons and neutrons etc are the actual atoms?
very nice i subscried
But how does the atomic number equal the amount of protons I think that is a 1 out of 1000000000000 posibility
The atomic number IS based on the number of protons, because a different number of proton makes a different atom
very good I subscribed
i lov it
Why did they fill the glass tube up with low pressure gas?
Aa Aa so that the particles don't collide.
does low pressure gas slow down the particles? I don't get that. If you don't mind elaborating, that would be nice. :)
Aa Aa I'm just making an assumption but I think that the low pressure gas is there for lack of a perfect vacuum and he wanted to minimize the likelihood of the particles colliding to slow down and or reacting. Either one could skew the results but that's just my guess.
I am a bit disappointed. Ok Thomson constructed it's device and found electrons. But why did he build the device if he didn't know that electrons existed? And how he detected the deviated cathodic rays?
Nice
Ian, can you maybe explain to me how they "fire" a beam of in this case Alpha particles?
***** thank you
Try to memorise the Atom History haha.
460 BC : Democritus, a philosopher, mentioned Atom as the smallest unit. Aristotle dismissed the idea.
1803 : Dalton found Atom
1897 :Thompson found Electron inside the atom
1911 : Rutherford found Proton
1932 : Chadwick found Neutron. built atomic bomb
A lil question, Sir :
If JJ Thomson's Model of Atom was to hold true then what would have been the results of Rutherford's Alpha Scattering Experiment ??
Ian Stuart Thanx a lot,sir.
This is where I get all my chemistry notes, by watching all these videos instead of reading the text books.
fabulous
need to see follow-up video s
Can you do episodes about the E=mc2
awesome :P
]
شكرااا
great vid
What about Emil Wiechert?
He experimentally proved the existence and determined the mass of the electron 5 month before Thomson. Moreover does Thomsons experiment not say if the cathode ray is a particle or a wave as you state. In addition did Thomson the Nobel prize for his research of the conductivity of gasses, not as you state for discovering the electron. Furthermore is it debatable if Thomson was an Englishman. He was British, that is for sure, but his parents were very, very Scottish.
However, I doubt that the scientists found the particles with computergraphics. Why do you deprive the children of the actual experiments?!
Well, the way you present is quite pleasant. Make proper use of it. Try to instil the lust for learning and discovery in youngsters, not just tick off the curriculum.
Would you want to live as many years in this world as there are atoms of all yourself.
Yes. Would you want to stay in this world as much as that?
the nucleus and the protons are the same
Hi Ian, @10.17, you mentioned about the atoms stability related to electrons. Suppose, if you strip off the electrons, whether the atom will split into protons and neutrons???
The strong nuclear force is, as the name implies, strong. Far stronger than electric forces between nucleons, but it has limited range. The range limit means very big nuclei are less stable as the electric repulsion of protons has
a greater range and becomes more and more significant as the nuclei get bigger - iron and nickel nuclei are the most stable, then as you get towards uranium and beyond most nuclei are unstable with half-lives shrinking to fractions of a second for the man-made elements.
its a gud video sir but the speeds 2oo slow
These very basic videos are great. I'm 50 years old. Had no chemical education. And watched most of your videos. Great.
its good but the speed is toooo slow
if the speed of the electron is as high as the speed of light then the force would be like unlimited, then electrons would have more effect on the blade kept in some cathode ray tubes???
what was james chadwick experiment called?
what is the relation between having the cathode negative charges and having the atom negative charges called electrons ?
How do neutrons stick with protons if it doesn't have a charge?
How come only neutrons came out when alpha particles hit the neucleus and not protons?
nice
today atom is not the atom that ancient greeks were talking . So they were not wrong. Modern scientistst are wrong becouse they called atom something that can be divided.
so we can not call completly wrong the ancient philosophers becaouse they were not speaking about atom that we know . Theory of physics today says that boson can not be divided. If it is true , the boson is the atom that they were speaking.
Okay, a ray of electrons - but how did he determine that it was particles from the atom and even that it was particles?
My science teacher did not no what some stuff what I showed him
brownies points for ian! lol
I loved it best video ever but why did not people discover it before that guy who did didn't the Greeks have a theory so why did they not try
thakes thqat means a lot to me
bro in the alpha scattering experiment the modal u showed that one of 20000 ray reflect back that ray don't touches the nucleus there is gap between the ray and the nucleus which is called d min... soo correct it ... but its good.. :D
should the alpha ray hit neutrons only?it may have hit protons and they beam containing proton may have gone towards negative side(negative parallel plate)...so how it only hit neutrons.(in 8:32 time of video)...plz help...😓and thnx for help at least I build some concepts...
If the atom was the size of a football stadium, then the nucleus would be the size of a pea; then how big would the electron be?
+Ian Stuart thanks 4 the info
And call me the distroyer 12345
Whoa, don't generalize that idea as 'the greeks'. The greek was Democritus :P
background music is terrible....
i dont like this u should make it better like more exciting
+Jordan Honas
yaya i agrees go to da tem shop
"An atom's overall nuclear charge was equal to the number of protons it had in its nucleus. And this also turned out to be the same as the atom's atomic number. Each element had its own number of protons in its nucleus. How's that for a coincidence?"
NONSENSE! It's not a coincidence at all. An atom's identity is determined BY its atomic number (the number of protons in its nucleus). In your attempt to be cute you're misleading your viewers. Please don't do this.