How did Ancient/Medieval Borders Work? (Short Animated Documentary)

แชร์
ฝัง
  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 8 พ.ค. 2019
  • Shout-out to my Patron Joshua for coming up with the series name.
    Twitter: / tenminhistory
    Patreon: www.patreon.com/user?u=4973164
    Merch: teespring.com/stores/history-...
    Special Thanks to the following Patrons for their support on Patreon:
    Franco La Bruna
    Daniel Lambert
    Richard Wolfe
    Joshua
    Mitchell Wildoer
    anon
    Andrew Niedbala
    Blaine Tillack
    William Foster
    Bernardo Santos
    Cornel
    Norman A. Letterman
    Danny Anstess
    Perry Gagne
    Henry Rabung
    Shaun Pullin
    Joooooshhhhh
    Daan ter Elst
    Paul
    FuzzytheFair
    Byzans_Scotorius
    Spencer Smith
    Mark Bevan
    João Santos
    Ryfael
    Rbj
    Richard Manklow
    Chris Fatta
    Andrew Keeling
    How on earth did Ancient or Medieval Borders work? Find out here and learn all about headless tribes and the concept of a frontier whilst doing so.
    Sources:
    Historical Ecosystem: Roman Frontier and Economic Hinterlands in North Africa by Orietta Dora Cordonova (2012).
    Frontiers and Borderlands in Imperial Perspectives: Exploring Rome's Egyptian Frontier by Anne Lucille Boozer (2013).
    England, Scotland and Europe: The Problem of the Frontier by D. Hay (1974).
    Scottish Influences on the Medieval Laws of the Anglo-Scottish Marches by Cynthia Neville (2002).

ความคิดเห็น • 1.9K

  • @petartoshkov2076
    @petartoshkov2076 4 ปีที่แล้ว +8417

    Romans: *believe the Blemmyes don't have heads*
    Also Romans: *sell helmets to Blemmyes*

    • @biliminsrlar5752
      @biliminsrlar5752 4 ปีที่แล้ว +365

      Not stonks

    • @fabriciofazano
      @fabriciofazano 4 ปีที่แล้ว +359

      ah yes, the masters of comedic irony

    • @Paul-ck3dm
      @Paul-ck3dm 4 ปีที่แล้ว +89

      really had to laugh about that

    • @alexander-jl6cs
      @alexander-jl6cs 4 ปีที่แล้ว +27

      Wait this worked

    • @alexander-jl6cs
      @alexander-jl6cs 4 ปีที่แล้ว +18

      Woah finally, I'm in a comment battle with a bunch of kids, but TH-cam wouldn't let me post my comment, it would get deleted automatically, I decided to emit certain words and try again till TH-cam won't bother.

  • @jonathanmensch9698
    @jonathanmensch9698 5 ปีที่แล้ว +14297

    Belgium can't help it that it's so flat and perfect for tanks.

    • @edipires15
      @edipires15 5 ปีที่แล้ว +634

      Ever been to the Ardennes?

    • @nohaxmeh576
      @nohaxmeh576 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1685

      The tanks probably have.

    • @edipires15
      @edipires15 5 ปีที่แล้ว +436

      NoHaxMeh they have been twice actually

    • @rush4in
      @rush4in 5 ปีที่แล้ว +44

      1452?

    • @TheR971
      @TheR971 5 ปีที่แล้ว +161

      German tanks just can' t help it. Belgium is so flat und pefekt!

  • @obiwanfx
    @obiwanfx 4 ปีที่แล้ว +5055

    as a Belgian, I expected a stereotype waffle or chocolat bar to pop-up next to the dutch windmill...I nearly died when he said "easy acces for german armoured divisions" :P

    • @jorgepeterbarton
      @jorgepeterbarton 2 ปีที่แล้ว +81

      What about dutch stropwafle?

    • @Admiral45-10
      @Admiral45-10 2 ปีที่แล้ว +33

      @@jorgepeterbarton it would be about spices or something.

    • @beefyblom
      @beefyblom 2 ปีที่แล้ว +96

      gonna guess your near-mortem experience was caused by a german armoured division with easy access to your homeland?

    • @ixlnxs
      @ixlnxs 2 ปีที่แล้ว +23

      @@jorgepeterbarton Both wafels (waffles) and stroopwafels are Dutch as much as Belgian. They predate the Belgian secession.

    • @CrazyDutchguys
      @CrazyDutchguys 2 ปีที่แล้ว +19

      @@ixlnxs Belgium is just South Brabant

  • @frbo9002
    @frbo9002 5 ปีที่แล้ว +4849

    Fun fact: During certain periods in history all three empires around the Baltic sea, Sweden (including modern-day Finland), Denmark (including modern-day Norway) and Russia, claimed their country stretched all the way up to the Barents sea (in other words the area that today belong to Norway). The natives of the area (the Sami) were forced to pay taxes to all three of them. I imagine that must have been fun...

    • @MrJH101
      @MrJH101 5 ปีที่แล้ว +387

      So what happened next? I am assuming there must have been a conflict then, right?
      Because it’s like if a shop owner had to pay “protection money” to multiple different mobs. Eventually, the shop owner isn’t going to have enough money to give to the last gang no matter how badly the shop gets treated. So then there’s inevitably going to be a dispute between the factions over the ego/greed of who truly controls what.

    • @IgorDz
      @IgorDz 5 ปีที่แล้ว +367

      @Srithor to each of the tax collectors they simply said "we've already paid taxes to the other one, go deal with them"

    • @wittiza2102
      @wittiza2102 5 ปีที่แล้ว +159

      Srithor It was a special kind of tax collectors called ”birkarlar” in swedish who collected the tax from the sami. I think fur was what they mostly got in tax from the samis.

    • @NichtNameee
      @NichtNameee 5 ปีที่แล้ว +8

      @@MrJH101 Yeah, the Same are shipowners, sure.

    • @agilemind6241
      @agilemind6241 4 ปีที่แล้ว +102

      @Srithor Don't know about scandinavia specifically, but most nomadic peoples have routine get togethers for celebrations, and exchanging people via marriage (to prevent too much inbreeding). So it would just be a question of the tax collectors showing up to one of those to get the taxes. Nomadic peoples also usually engage in tons of trade so again, taxes can be collected whenever they come to a permanent settlement to trade.

  • @FcyCoCo
    @FcyCoCo 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1593

    At 1:46, that image of a Blemmyae caught me off guard with how funny it is

    • @danielvanderriet4452
      @danielvanderriet4452 5 ปีที่แล้ว +280

      Just wait till you realise there is a guy trying to sell them helmets

    • @LocalHeretic-ck1kd
      @LocalHeretic-ck1kd 5 ปีที่แล้ว +93

      @@danielvanderriet4452 I wanted to point out the same. Thats pretty hilarious.

    • @Iason29
      @Iason29 4 ปีที่แล้ว +10

      Or scarfs

    • @calebroberts5422
      @calebroberts5422 4 ปีที่แล้ว +19

      Ive been watching youtube videos for like a decade and i just found out if i click on the time you posted it actually goes to that point😂

    • @arandomyoutubeaccount3166
      @arandomyoutubeaccount3166 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      @@danielvanderriet4452
      You can see his reaction if you progress a second past.

  • @pridelander06
    @pridelander06 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2606

    "Try not to die" is basically all life is about.

    • @Valorince
      @Valorince 5 ปีที่แล้ว +26

      Once you evolve, you realize life is so much more than simply survival. Sadly, most humans have not reach this level of intelligence yet.

    • @nathanielmohr9622
      @nathanielmohr9622 5 ปีที่แล้ว +143

      @@Valorince Then once you "evolve" again, you realize life is not really anything; it just is. And you can spot spiritual pseudo-intellectuals claiming to have figured life out, thinking everyone else is the stupid one.

    • @regular-joe
      @regular-joe 5 ปีที่แล้ว +8

      I read his comment as meaning that mere survival is still an issue for many people worldwide.

    • @scutumfidelis1436
      @scutumfidelis1436 5 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      @@nathanielmohr9622 Ain't nothing wrong with using your spirituality for the worship of God. Problem is people like to worship the buttholes of twinks instead.

    • @musical_lolu4811
      @musical_lolu4811 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Srithor fuck Maslow. Try not to die is what it is. Everything else is rationalization.

  • @AbsolXGuardian
    @AbsolXGuardian 5 ปีที่แล้ว +3753

    "The Romans believed that the Blemmyae were a people who didn't have heads"
    "The Romans had a good trading relationship with the Blemmyae"
    I mean I know it's probably just that only the Romans living in the interior who believed that, and those few on the border didn't, but the juxtaposition of those two lines makes me feel like that myth would quickly be disproven.

    • @matthewhemmings2464
      @matthewhemmings2464 5 ปีที่แล้ว +354

      I think these beliefs were from 2 ages apart. It’s like an Ancient Greek myth that came to Rome. In a time where information didn’t exist as it does today, only a few Roman scholars would have known of the myth, while other people just didn’t knew or care about it.
      Today, since a simple google search can give 1000 information, it’s easy to be confused.

    • @michaelkenner3289
      @michaelkenner3289 5 ปีที่แล้ว +329

      Would you really believe the word of some poorly educated trader on the furthest southern reaches of the empire? I mean they'd be from the Equestrian class at best, they're probably not even an Italian. What training do they have in anatomy, rhetoric and the liberal arts to often any real insight into the nature of the world.
      Whereas a well educated scholar like Pliny writing his thoroughly researched encyclopedia, that's an authoritative source. He's from a good family, well respected in the scholarly community and he's friends with the Emperor himself.

    • @SoulTouchMusic93
      @SoulTouchMusic93 5 ปีที่แล้ว +82

      The Romans probably did not sold them too many hats.

    • @vladescu3g
      @vladescu3g 5 ปีที่แล้ว +39

      They ment they are very stupid, aka no heads

    • @angrytedtalks
      @angrytedtalks 5 ปีที่แล้ว +8

      In Latin that would be "quod non capitibus" but they shouldn't expect a response...

  • @geertbeerens826
    @geertbeerens826 5 ปีที่แล้ว +832

    I remember being quite shocked reading Stefan Zweig's memoirs (he was Austrian) of him travelling all over Europe and to the US and India in basically 1910 without needing a passport ever. We are so used to the idea of strict bureaucratic enforcement of states and its borders that we forget that it's a really recent phenomenon.

    • @k4ZE106
      @k4ZE106 5 ปีที่แล้ว +159

      It was deemed unenforceable and therefore controls where relaxed. That ended with WWI. Interesting in the context that today travelling without a passport in the EU seems like a new concept.

    • @BoopSnoot
      @BoopSnoot 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      "strict bureaucratic enforcement of states and its borders" Clearly you have never heard of the invention of "Democrats". With this new invention, a nation's borders not only are non-existent, but they will go out of their way to fly people across the border in the middle of the night under secrecy sanctioned by the president.

    • @jamesbugbee6812
      @jamesbugbee6812 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Bureaucracy is a cancer.

    • @thunderbird1921
      @thunderbird1921 2 ปีที่แล้ว +74

      Man, as an American myself I can hardly imagine that. 9/11 really upped our security, but imagining European folks randomly walking in on our soil even in say the 1950s would have been unthinkable. The world changed so much from the two world wars. It's kind of sad TBH.

    • @williambrennan104
      @williambrennan104 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      @@BoopSnoot Good.

  • @CannedBread-mz2tx
    @CannedBread-mz2tx 5 ปีที่แล้ว +3914

    0:08
    ^ This
    This is why I love this channel

    • @bradmetcalf5333
      @bradmetcalf5333 5 ปีที่แล้ว +44

      Hahahaha funny stuff

    • @Yokuyin
      @Yokuyin 5 ปีที่แล้ว +7

      I C

    • @medjin546
      @medjin546 5 ปีที่แล้ว +70

      Best opening 10 seconds of a youtube vid ever

    • @jaewok5G
      @jaewok5G 5 ปีที่แล้ว +20

      … and frolicking in the daisies!! … of which there were none today :(

    • @Grofvolkoren
      @Grofvolkoren 5 ปีที่แล้ว +8

      Ruthless.

  • @anttibjorklund1869
    @anttibjorklund1869 5 ปีที่แล้ว +3748

    "...in Belgium, with its convenient access for German armoured divisions."
    *Shots fired! (quite literally if you lived in Belgium circa 1940-1944)*
    "Many didn't see themselves as being Roman.... looking at you Britannia!"
    _Was that a quip at modern politics?_

    • @JonatasAdoM
      @JonatasAdoM 5 ปีที่แล้ว +219

      They never wanted to be part of anything

    • @Cjnw
      @Cjnw 5 ปีที่แล้ว +16

      ree

    • @ShadowOfCicero
      @ShadowOfCicero 5 ปีที่แล้ว +36

      "Resist and bite!"

    • @dylanimatio
      @dylanimatio 5 ปีที่แล้ว +77

      Ironic considering back then Britain was Welsh and Picts and now it mainly is populated by foreign invaders (the English)

    • @cardboardbox191
      @cardboardbox191 5 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      @@dylanimatio We learned form there example look where it got them , we should do the opposite.

  • @DarkMatterX1
    @DarkMatterX1 3 ปีที่แล้ว +400

    "...both sides sought to bring the other into a permanent state of non-existence."
    The entirety of the anglo-scottish history and relationship summed up perfectly in one sentence. Well done.

    • @The_whales
      @The_whales 8 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      0:33 “see” *physical letter C on the sea*

  • @captinobvious4705
    @captinobvious4705 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1479

    I like how Rome did a better job at policing thousands of kilometres of borders than both Scotland and England did of a mere hundreds.

    • @therobot1080
      @therobot1080 2 ปีที่แล้ว +15

      Yep

    • @arshiaarjomandi6279
      @arshiaarjomandi6279 ปีที่แล้ว +400

      "Rome did it better" pretty much describes the whole of medieval europe

    • @SamBrockmann
      @SamBrockmann ปีที่แล้ว +35

      Did Rome do better though? Or is the perception merely that?

    • @archaean2331
      @archaean2331 ปีที่แล้ว +150

      @@SamBrockmann Rome did better, because even though Legions could end up under the control of houses for the most part they were a truly centralized, professional military force. Whereas as in medieval times it was essentially a crapshoot with most armies being levy based from the general citizenry, and most "kingdom" armies actually belonging to feudal lords. Though this was not always a terribly huge issue for actual warfare versus policing, i.e. English longbowman coming from skilled peasant archers or crossbowman that require little training.

    • @masterofallthelakesintown2472
      @masterofallthelakesintown2472 ปีที่แล้ว +11

      @@archaean2331 but at the end these „kingdoms“ conquered the world not the Roman’s they died out.

  • @merrittanimation7721
    @merrittanimation7721 5 ปีที่แล้ว +703

    I'm just going to assume the Romans actually interacting with the Blemmyae didn't think they lacked heads. Either that or Roman era Egypt had serious vision problems.

    • @thebenis3157
      @thebenis3157 5 ปีที่แล้ว +138

      Maybe "headless" was a metaphor for being stupid?

    • @djinnjax3274
      @djinnjax3274 5 ปีที่แล้ว +152

      @@thebenis3157 Sudanic and Ethiopian people during the Roman era were wrathful and had been known the fend off Roman expansion up the Nile Valley. It is likely the term was used to make them seem more monstrous.

    • @captain_swaggin4065
      @captain_swaggin4065 5 ปีที่แล้ว +11

      Alessandro Pedretti that’s a pretty retarded way to call someone stupid

    • @thebenis3157
      @thebenis3157 5 ปีที่แล้ว +49

      @@captain_swaggin4065 Eh, maybe that was a normal way to insult people in Coptic...

    • @octavianblaga8144
      @octavianblaga8144 5 ปีที่แล้ว +24

      @@captain_swaggin4065 I personally don't see how you can call that metaphor "pretty retarded".

  • @tapanilofving4741
    @tapanilofving4741 5 ปีที่แล้ว +238

    There is a good (VERY) old Finnish saying that "Language cuts the land" and it is very true even nowadays. You can have whatever states inside states, but always still the language is what unites people and people feel home around to.

    • @LowestofheDead
      @LowestofheDead 5 ปีที่แล้ว +85

      It's interesting, because before Italy was unified, everyone spoke dialects as varied as Spanish and Portuguese - they couldn't understand each other.
      The new rulers forced schools to teach one dialect, and eventually it became the "single" language. They said "Now we've created Italy, we must create Italians".
      So sometimes, the land cuts the language!

    • @tapanilofving4741
      @tapanilofving4741 5 ปีที่แล้ว +8

      @@LowestofheDead That's very interesting! :)

    • @francogiobbimontesanti3826
      @francogiobbimontesanti3826 3 ปีที่แล้ว +14

      Canada and the US and all of hispanic America wants a word with you.

    • @pavarottiaardvark3431
      @pavarottiaardvark3431 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      @@francogiobbimontesanti3826 I can imagine the Austrians and Swiss also have thoughts.

    • @AndrasMihalyi
      @AndrasMihalyi 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      As a Hungarian I agree 100%

  • @KAPTAINmORGANnWo4eva
    @KAPTAINmORGANnWo4eva 5 ปีที่แล้ว +118

    The 1237 Anglo-Scottish borderlands sound like a good setting/inspiration for a video game or other kind of fiction.

    • @pyroparagon8945
      @pyroparagon8945 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      @Srithor kek

    •  4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      It would be if you weren’t robbing sheep farmers the whole time.

    • @Fujihoffmann
      @Fujihoffmann ปีที่แล้ว +4

      Or a song, about ice ... and maybe fire ?

  • @MWM1476
    @MWM1476 5 ปีที่แล้ว +62

    In medieval Germany, so-called „Grenzsteine“ (border stones) were used along roads with a lord’s coat of arms on it to mark where one lord‘s territory begins and ends.

    • @Cjnw
      @Cjnw 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Calvert (M) and Penn (P) used them, too.

    • @Cjnw
      @Cjnw 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      …in North America, for their respective colonies of Maryland and Delaware/Pennsylvania

    • @richardweil8813
      @richardweil8813 ปีที่แล้ว

      You still had some of that into the 20th century in German border areas, plus at least spots in the Spanish-French boundaries. The US and Canada erected cairns when first surveying their boundary in the 19th century, and there have been various similar markers used elsewhere, today often just signs.

    • @martin.brandt
      @martin.brandt 10 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Actually, those I found in the forests are pretty much modern - of 17th to 19th century. I don't remember ever seeing a medieval Grenzstein (of before 1500) in Germany.

    • @Freaky0Nina
      @Freaky0Nina 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

      We still use them for property borders. So you know where your owned land starts and ends. Very much a good excuse to stop your lawnmowing EXACTLY at that line even though mowing your neighbors part of the lawn would take only 5 seconds.

  • @StukovM1g
    @StukovM1g 5 ปีที่แล้ว +236

    The Blemmyae without heads is genuinely what made my day today!

    • @angrytedtalks
      @angrytedtalks 5 ปีที่แล้ว +8

      Damn they must have been short.

    • @Iason29
      @Iason29 2 ปีที่แล้ว +6

      The only people you couldn't execute

    • @NoVisionGuy
      @NoVisionGuy 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      @@angrytedtalks Sudan probably have short people

  • @XboXNosfer
    @XboXNosfer 5 ปีที่แล้ว +596

    Still waiting for promised episode "The Early Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth"

    • @gamingfury8525
      @gamingfury8525 5 ปีที่แล้ว +6

      Nosfer I know right

    • @ErikHare
      @ErikHare 5 ปีที่แล้ว +37

      Fun fact: the polish-lithuanian Commonwealth that everybody seems to ignore, including this channel sadly, saved Europe or should we say Christendom twice.
      They repulsed the Turks at the siege of Vienna and they also stopped the Mongols. Both times they asked for help and received none.
      Today nobody seems to believe it was once a great nation and we can't even get a good video cartoon on it.
      This is as close as I come to whining and begging. I try to maintain some sense of dignity. But I seriously want the episode as well.

    • @kamco1233
      @kamco1233 5 ปีที่แล้ว +26

      @@ErikHare Who is this everyone you are talking about? There are plenty of videos about the PLC on youtube, although most of them of dubious quality. With this same stupid stuff like we saved the Christendom and Europe as it was one united place/area... And we helped Austrians at Vienna, we weren't alone there and Mongols defeated us, event though we were together with the Bohemians and the Hungarians in that conflict.... jak bardzo kocham cudzoziemców rozmawiających o naszej historii...

    • @ErikHare
      @ErikHare 5 ปีที่แล้ว +15

      @@kamco1233 You are right, people outside of Poland are starting to recognize the incredibly valuable contributions to European history. I apologize for being too negative and general.

    • @klocowyhejter9580
      @klocowyhejter9580 5 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      Livto też bzdury gadasz.

  • @joshuaramirez5399
    @joshuaramirez5399 5 ปีที่แล้ว +234

    Belgium *The German speed bump into France*

    • @samclukey9802
      @samclukey9802 3 ปีที่แล้ว +28

      More like a German speed _boost_ into France

    • @simeonbaumel7293
      @simeonbaumel7293 3 ปีที่แล้ว +31

      Who won the 1940 Tour de France?
      The 7th German Panzer Division.

    • @qwertyuiopzxcfgh
      @qwertyuiopzxcfgh 3 ปีที่แล้ว +7

      Speed bump is quite accurate if you consider the quality of their roads.

    • @tbhUSuckOo
      @tbhUSuckOo 3 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      @@qwertyuiopzxcfgh thats because half of Europe is driving through Belgium and our politicians are too daft to ask for toll

    • @Khajiidaro
      @Khajiidaro 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@samclukey9802 during ww1 the Germans were slown down, then they found the right speed to hit the bumb and keep going. So yeah they are a speed bump, one that you have to hit just right or not get very far past it.

  • @equinox-XVI
    @equinox-XVI 5 ปีที่แล้ว +106

    Old Borders: Meh, you can pass by to trade
    Modern borders: *Your 1cm in my country! You shall be arrested!*

  • @coastaku1954
    @coastaku1954 3 ปีที่แล้ว +15

    "Let's say you're a roman peasant, Congratulations *Party streamer*"
    Best line

  • @franciscomm7675
    @franciscomm7675 5 ปีที่แล้ว +723

    2:38 permanent state of non existance. LOL

  • @obiwanfisher537
    @obiwanfisher537 8 หลายเดือนก่อน +5

    We're not an army, just 25000 individuals who just like to shop for clothes in the same place.

  • @Xgckl
    @Xgckl 5 ปีที่แล้ว +101

    Some borders that were routinely overseen and protected were those of cities, since in those cases it's quite practical to find people who would do this. This is why stuff like tariffs were often taken by cities instead of nations.

  • @boomerdwayne5427
    @boomerdwayne5427 4 ปีที่แล้ว +33

    "Oh shit they're speaking french now" I think could explain how borders worked

    • @antodessin5679
      @antodessin5679 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Not necessarily
      You see in the past, France wasn’t centralised at all! And in fact all provinces used to speak their own dialect if not their own languages.
      You can’t think about France 🇫🇷 or any other country back then as a centralised country where all the people speak the same language.
      Back then in France, each region used its own dialect or language such as Breton in Brittany, Occitan in the south, Basque in the Basque Country, Catalan etc.
      Besides if we take the example of Occitan, it was spread between Italy and France.
      So say you crossed the Italo-French borders, the people on the two sides would speak Occitan, not French nor Italian.
      That is OBVIOUSLY before the French Revolution that lead France to be more unified and centralised.
      And in the case of Italy then, they created the Italian language.
      But beware that language isn’t always necessarily a good indicator!
      Another example: take Germany and Austria. How can you distinguish them? And if you tell me thanks to their dialects, in that case you need to be an excellent German speaker if not a native to be able to understand the differences between Both.
      Besides the Bavarian dialect in Germany is extremely similar to the Austrian dialect if not the same. So it would be tricky to know if you are outside of Germany or not.

  • @VectorTracker
    @VectorTracker 3 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    who would give a sheep a black-eye :(

  • @mikethemonsta15
    @mikethemonsta15 5 ปีที่แล้ว +136

    Borders absolutely existed in theory and practice in ancient and medieval times. The Roman borders were far too large to patrol and stop individuals. However, city states and small kingdoms did have the resources and clearly defined physical barriers and they did stop and check individuals before they entered fortified trade centers.

    • @TheBooban
      @TheBooban ปีที่แล้ว +4

      Did they need visas? Pay a fee? How long could they stay? Doesn’t look like immigrants or refugees were allowed in.

    • @yourfriends
      @yourfriends ปีที่แล้ว +7

      @@TheBooban they were only checked for weapons. Almost always families were allowed in.
      Also these borders are extremely atypical. Not to mention that it was actually the Europeans who sought Asian countries

    • @wiegraf9009
      @wiegraf9009 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Tolls were far more common than anything we would recognize as a border crossing

    • @RO-wn1dg
      @RO-wn1dg 11 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Not true. They were very much fuzzier. The problem is that today imperial frontiers get called borders in a way that obscures how different they are to historical political boundaries

  • @NIDELLANEUM
    @NIDELLANEUM ปีที่แล้ว +8

    0:07 it's incredible how, in the rare occasions in which History Matters made a video that goes far beyond the last 200 years, not only he managed to still shoehorn a World Wars reference, but did so in the first 10 seconds of the video

  • @feelsgoodman9751
    @feelsgoodman9751 5 ปีที่แล้ว +186

    Trajan was the emperor that ruled Rome in its '' greatest territorial extent'' Hadrian actually pulled out of the mesopotamia which Trajan conquered due to over expansion

    • @refaeltzur
      @refaeltzur 5 ปีที่แล้ว +15

      yea i saw he said it and it hurt my ears

    • @allenz7688
      @allenz7688 5 ปีที่แล้ว +74

      Trajan never really controlled Mesopotamia and the closest he got was when he became ill in 117. Hadrian did not abandon Mesopotamia until 118 (the year following his ascent to emperor). Technically, the greatest extent was the same at the death of Trajan as it was when Hadrian became emperor. Hadrian solidified rule throughout the conquered territories besides Mesopotamia (which the video even showed as "plus this bit temporarily") during his reign.
      The video did not go in depth with this, but it was still accurate. The video is more relevant to Hadrian than Trojan, too, because Hadrian established better border "control" than Trajan had.

    • @fili0938
      @fili0938 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Julius Caesar

    • @christianfreedom-seeker934
      @christianfreedom-seeker934 4 ปีที่แล้ว +9

      Rome made a mistake in letting that region go. They could have developed that region better!

    • @foooooof
      @foooooof 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      @@fili0938
      First: He wasnt even an emperor.
      Second: No.

  • @KilroyWasHere1941
    @KilroyWasHere1941 5 ปีที่แล้ว +366

    1:42 What the hell!? Where’d they get that idea from!?

    • @dams6829
      @dams6829 5 ปีที่แล้ว +150

      They cut them all down so quick they didn't realise they had heads.

    • @yojasmagic
      @yojasmagic 5 ปีที่แล้ว +252

      Herodotus, in his book 'the Histories', described them like that. He got that description from the Libyans, and it was likely a mistranslation between ancient Greek and Libyan, as were many of the things he described. For example, he described ants as large as foxes living in the Himayalas, that dug up gold dust-- likely because the word for 'marmot' in Persian and the word for 'ant' in ancient Greek are quite similar.

    • @jonnathan1869
      @jonnathan1869 5 ปีที่แล้ว +13

      @@yojasmagic ohh

    • @ben8557
      @ben8557 5 ปีที่แล้ว +61

      @@yojasmagic How did they have a trading relationship and still believe this?

    • @justinbeath5169
      @justinbeath5169 5 ปีที่แล้ว +112

      @@ben8557 romans north of the Mediterranean wouldn't know much of what they looked like. Only those in or around the province of Ægyptus would have seen them in person

  • @xFLyiNR3TarDx
    @xFLyiNR3TarDx 5 ปีที่แล้ว +17

    0:07 best thing i’ve heard in a while

  • @m_rissspeedruns1231
    @m_rissspeedruns1231 3 ปีที่แล้ว +20

    Who waits at the end for “James Bissonette”

  • @6991cg
    @6991cg 5 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    Laughed way too hard at the jobby sign at 2:30 hahahah

  • @igorsmihailovs52
    @igorsmihailovs52 5 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Thank you very much for the episode! It is quite better when not so widely known topics are covered.

  • @stetytielemans
    @stetytielemans 5 ปีที่แล้ว +31

    'a permanent state of non-existence' that's my favorite sentence now

  • @thedutchgamelife6264
    @thedutchgamelife6264 3 ปีที่แล้ว +13

    I love how the first thing you say, is the place where I live hahah. Yep, I’m from that small chaotic place called Baarle-Nassau. Its actually Belgium and the Netherlands mixed, quite a few borders here. And in case you’re wondering, laws are actually different!

    • @dudesayingthings
      @dudesayingthings 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Do you actually have hotels where one half closes earlier than the other half, or is that just an urban myth?

  • @JJ-si4qh
    @JJ-si4qh 3 ปีที่แล้ว +18

    0:53. Despite going to Europe several times, I didn’t realize it was so small. Probably due to low speed limits. That’s the distance from Boston to chicago.

    • @kingt0295
      @kingt0295 3 ปีที่แล้ว +7

      Boston to chicago is 980 miles but yea i get what you’re saying, look at europe on a globe its tiny, maybe that’s why it was always fighting for resources throughout its history

    • @Godslayer5656
      @Godslayer5656 2 ปีที่แล้ว +7

      Such a small space, but still, they managed to conquer a world.

    • @benc.3128
      @benc.3128 2 ปีที่แล้ว +8

      @@Godslayer5656 and to have the best documented/ most generally interesting (with the exception of maybe Asia) history in the world

    • @Vitorruy1
      @Vitorruy1 2 ปีที่แล้ว +7

      @@benc.3128 thats subjective

    • @Vitorruy1
      @Vitorruy1 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      ​@@Godslayer5656 you know, it doesn't look good when you guys go into self flattery mode every time someone mentions Europe is small.

  • @zatderpscout2560
    @zatderpscout2560 5 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    1:50 just that image made me chuckle for unusual amount of time

  • @sharmansinge3214
    @sharmansinge3214 3 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    3:10 - "Try not to die", yeah sounds about right

  • @jcm95
    @jcm95 5 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Very informative indeed. Thank you for you quality content.

  • @hiddenhist
    @hiddenhist 5 ปีที่แล้ว +46

    Rome’s egypt border was not just flanked by the blymmes if the eastern desert but also the kushite kingdom.

  • @SeoulMan
    @SeoulMan 5 ปีที่แล้ว +28

    0:34 I C what you did there.

    • @Daldiepie
      @Daldiepie หลายเดือนก่อน

      I also C what u did there

  • @apexhunter935
    @apexhunter935 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Probably the first new video I've watched on the channel so thank you for that

  • @elijahsdad
    @elijahsdad 3 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    2:18 Brace yourselves! Spit out my beer at that one!

  • @zacharymohammadi
    @zacharymohammadi 5 ปีที่แล้ว +385

    Last time I was this early, the Roman Empire was still around

    • @tylerellis9097
      @tylerellis9097 5 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      Vladimir Kichev,1204?

    • @richterman3962
      @richterman3962 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      No

    • @festethephule7553
      @festethephule7553 5 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      For the sake of simplicity, let's just agree that OP meant the Western Roman Empire, given the rediculous number of empires that have claimed to be the "true successors of Rome."

    • @tylerellis9097
      @tylerellis9097 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Feste the Phule, Western Empire at its death and reunited into the East was no more Roman then the Eastern Roman Empire.

    • @festethephule7553
      @festethephule7553 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@tylerellis9097
      Define "Roman" for this situation.

  • @bjarniyt1402
    @bjarniyt1402 5 ปีที่แล้ว +23

    The town is called Baarle as a hole and Baarle Nassau in the Netherlands and Baarle Hertog in belgium

  • @darkalligraph
    @darkalligraph 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I was not ready for that intro..
    Amazing stuff.

  • @lightfeather9953
    @lightfeather9953 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    This might be my favorite video of yours. I wish I could put it in my bookshelf.. I think I'll youtube-dl it. Thank you so much for doing subjects like this. It's fascinating and so underlooked.

  • @wanderinghistorian
    @wanderinghistorian 5 ปีที่แล้ว +18

    "Permanent state of non-existence."
    Love it.

  • @petersmythe6462
    @petersmythe6462 ปีที่แล้ว +38

    I would say this is largely true of modern borders too. Korean DMZ aside, the odds of getting across a border without documents if you follow basic logic of not going on a major road and such is probably well over 50%. Illegal migration is not especially difficult to do. It's blending in after you are there and succeeding in a new society with no proof you're supposed to be there that is difficult.

    • @ProudTurkroach
      @ProudTurkroach 8 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      A good example of this is afghanistan Pakistan border

  • @EcclesiastesLiker-py5ts
    @EcclesiastesLiker-py5ts 3 ปีที่แล้ว +62

    Blemyae: Have heads.
    Romans: Imma pretend I didn't see that.

  • @jamesbissonette8002
    @jamesbissonette8002 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Always excited for new content...and the shout out at the end lol

  • @AverytheCubanAmerican
    @AverytheCubanAmerican 5 ปีที่แล้ว +83

    0:09 Stealthy tank, the German tank is a ninja

    • @090giver090
      @090giver090 5 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      A ghost, to be more correct :)

    • @Cjnw
      @Cjnw 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      ree

    • @mr.j2040
      @mr.j2040 4 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      @@090giver090 GHOST DIVISION

    • @williambrennan104
      @williambrennan104 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@mr.j2040 Living or dead, always ahead...

  • @aaravtulsyan
    @aaravtulsyan 5 ปีที่แล้ว +44

    "Convenient access for german armored divisions" I subscribed

  • @decem_sagittae
    @decem_sagittae 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Terrific video bro, still wish it was longer tho. The animations crack me up.

  • @HankYarbo
    @HankYarbo 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Nice! Learned a lot! Very cool and unique animation style too.

  • @firebird6522
    @firebird6522 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Thank goodness this channel exists to answer all the obvious questions I never thought to ask in school but sure wonder about years later.

  • @jesjms069
    @jesjms069 5 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    "No groups over X". Yeah, that took me a minute or two to realize. Nicely played.

  • @MrRyyi
    @MrRyyi 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I always wondered about this! Thank you

  • @macsnafu
    @macsnafu 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    This is actually interesting. I hadn't thought about it much, but what you describe makes a lot of sense.

  • @joshuasims5421
    @joshuasims5421 5 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Great video, I’ve always been curious about this. I’d love to see a video about the transition to the modern idea of borders, which I imagine came with the development of the modern state.

  • @Ciborium
    @Ciborium 4 ปีที่แล้ว +17

    Belgian Tourism Slogan: "Now with convenient access to German armor divisions!"

  • @oliversherman2414
    @oliversherman2414 ปีที่แล้ว

    I love your channel keep up the great stuff!

  • @jamesschultz1433
    @jamesschultz1433 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you History Matters for the Panzer joke, I've been having a rough time lately and that had me laughing for a solid minute. Much appreciated.

  • @BonyiG96
    @BonyiG96 5 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    This is the quality and style I subscribed for.

  • @Wanking_wanker
    @Wanking_wanker 5 ปีที่แล้ว +114

    Scotland and Wales: **exists**
    England: *How about no*

    • @abhishekdev258
      @abhishekdev258 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      😂

    • @-andyk-3069
      @-andyk-3069 5 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Still here today 💪😁

    • @angrytedtalks
      @angrytedtalks 5 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      Scottish word for Scotland: Alba. Roman word for England: Albion.
      Modern word for Scotland: Northern UK (since 1707). Still here.

    • @chuckbizzert9098
      @chuckbizzert9098 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Scotland is not a place, thats a part of great britain which is a state of Europe!

    • @discoman2358
      @discoman2358 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@chuckbizzert9098 Scotland is a country in great Britain. Its the second largest country in the United Kingdom

  • @Rogue-A.I.
    @Rogue-A.I. 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I love your videos! Keep it up!

  • @Name2site
    @Name2site 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    This was very informative. Thank you.

  • @13StJimmy
    @13StJimmy 5 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    I cannot stop laughing at the Blemmyae image
    This channel is fucking golden😂

  • @pauljs75
    @pauljs75 5 ปีที่แล้ว +13

    Some like city-states could be way way more strict about who came and went. Not only smaller with less distance involved, but nestled in places where the geography made enforcing those borders easier. Sometimes the message was pretty clear if outsiders weren't welcome. Like that one Vlad guy that ruled his kingdom in an area that is now part of Romania.

  • @kap79
    @kap79 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great information! Thanks!

  • @Karmasu_L
    @Karmasu_L ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks, always happy to learn more things i can use in my D&D game

  • @steve1978ger
    @steve1978ger 3 ปีที่แล้ว +13

    Many medieval German dominions were very small though, I think they were more capable to mark their entire boundary with, well, boundary markers, than say, the Roman Empire. When you duchy consists only of a few square kilometers, you'll probably be more observant about the neighbors not trying to take little bits of it.

  • @nickmonks9563
    @nickmonks9563 5 ปีที่แล้ว +27

    "This may come as a shock to you..."
    And ROFL.

  • @nik65stgt60
    @nik65stgt60 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great content!

  • @dandamaschin2709
    @dandamaschin2709 5 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    My grandma's village is situated in the small wall of Trajan.The big one is where the border was oficially,the small one is where the romans had an influence.If you went north of the small one,you were in Barbaric lands,between the two you techincally weren't in the roman empire but still be able to trade easily with romans and probably spoke Latin.

  • @m.a.t.a.s
    @m.a.t.a.s 5 ปีที่แล้ว +146

    "Who the hell are borders and what does that even supposed to mean"
    -Hitler justifying war goals 1933-1939 colorized.

    • @alansabrosky3244
      @alansabrosky3244 4 ปีที่แล้ว +6

      Jews and Anglos at Paris peace conference, 1919 colorized

    • @kmit9191
      @kmit9191 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      we just wanted to defend our spanish Border

  • @markmckee876
    @markmckee876 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Excellent video. I've always been interested in geoography, history and politics, especially when they overlap. I remember asking about how borders were defined in medieval and ancient times in my 10th grade world history class. Didn't get as good an answer then as I did with this great video. Thanks for posting this! Definitely subscribing.

  • @OllieWheats
    @OllieWheats 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    That was a hilarious start to a video

  • @lampshade3795
    @lampshade3795 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    This was so educational

  • @therealshimo
    @therealshimo 5 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    2:52 Keanu

  • @UnipornFrumm
    @UnipornFrumm 5 ปีที่แล้ว +23

    How citizenship worked in ancient/medieval times?
    What was before the passport and id card?

    • @varunpathak9677
      @varunpathak9677 5 ปีที่แล้ว +6

      Unicornul Sarvy there was simply no concept of formalised citizenship

    • @Celebmacil
      @Celebmacil 5 ปีที่แล้ว +8

      Locality, Language, Allegiance. That's how it worked.

    • @rooseveltbrentwood9654
      @rooseveltbrentwood9654 4 ปีที่แล้ว +8

      Varun Pathak the roman were VERY big on the whole citizen thing.…

    • @yogatonga7529
      @yogatonga7529 4 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      Roman hierarchy of subjects, socii, liberti, citizens and senators was actually pretty complex and formalized.

    • @aaroncde7320
      @aaroncde7320 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      yo mama

  • @VioletZauber
    @VioletZauber 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Finally answers to the questions i didnt know i had

  • @internuf5754
    @internuf5754 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    That explained a lot, thanks

  • @smilingearth5181
    @smilingearth5181 4 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    "And Belgium, with its convenient access for German armoured divisions"
    xD

  • @EpicnessYeet
    @EpicnessYeet 3 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    0:15
    history matters: "we can easily determine who its people are"
    austria-hungary: *yeah about that...*

  • @korakys
    @korakys 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Love this try at a concept rather than an event video.

  • @loganbuzzard8777
    @loganbuzzard8777 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I’ve been watching your vids since you started. Your videos and topics keep getting better and better. Keep up the good work 👍!

  • @Dont-Watch-My-Vids-U-Regret-it
    @Dont-Watch-My-Vids-U-Regret-it 3 ปีที่แล้ว +24

    Borders: exists
    Humans: *but what does this really mean???*

  • @RiftZM
    @RiftZM 5 ปีที่แล้ว +9

    3:02 Even the sheep has a black eye, lol.

  • @akifjaved1790
    @akifjaved1790 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    It's a great video.... I always wanted to know about ancient border situation.

  • @piggleman5009
    @piggleman5009 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    That Belgium joke got me so good. Had to pause for a few minutes.

  • @imperator692
    @imperator692 5 ปีที่แล้ว +11

    Fun fact: the Blemmyae still exist, their descendants, called the Beja, still live in the same northeastern region of Sudan, between the Nile and the Red Sea. Amazing how cultures can survive through thousands of years of history and change.

    • @genekendrick679
      @genekendrick679 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      They're not headless right 😂😂

    • @marusdod3685
      @marusdod3685 11 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      @@genekendrick679 lets change that

    • @genekendrick679
      @genekendrick679 11 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@marusdod3685 👀

  • @royjaggers2071
    @royjaggers2071 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Very interesting. I learned about natural borders you know rivers and mountains but I never wondered how they would settle territory in like an open plains

  • @superstar1992bg
    @superstar1992bg 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    This guy's humor...priceless!

  • @Caroleonus
    @Caroleonus ปีที่แล้ว

    The dude (without a head) looking so done with the helmet salesman absolutely slayed me

  • @samuelsebastiandemsky1743
    @samuelsebastiandemsky1743 4 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    3:24 somebody finaly choose Slovakia, Thank you very much 🙂

  • @realhawaii5o
    @realhawaii5o 5 ปีที่แล้ว +15

    3:24 I am rather sure Portugal and Castille and Leon (later Spain) had a rather well defined border for most of their existance and everyone knew on which side they were... As it is a border that stands to this day.
    (Except Couto Mixto and Olivenç/za

  • @Cybernaut551
    @Cybernaut551 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Your short but brief storytelling of history and animations are S-Tier, AAA quality!

  • @sawyermcdaniel6896
    @sawyermcdaniel6896 ปีที่แล้ว

    Wow, good job 👏👏