Symbols found on the prehistoric Southwest Anasazi Pottery of the U.S. from A.D. 1300-1400

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 24 ก.ค. 2024
  • Symbols found on the Prehistoric Southwest Pottery from A.D. 1300-1400 including the White Mountain Redwares and Salado Polychromes. Examining the symbols found on the prehistoric pottery of the Southwestern United States with ceramic representations of clouds, thunderbirds, clan symbols, marriage, war, the Milky Way etc.
    Presented by James Cunkle: archaeologist and author of "Talking Pots", "Treasures of Time", "Mimbres Mythology", "Stone Magic" and more.
    music by James Cunkle and Carlos Niki.
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ความคิดเห็น • 142

  • @darrencorrigan8505
    @darrencorrigan8505 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thanks, James.

  • @TRIGO_ALLINE
    @TRIGO_ALLINE 3 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    you inspire me to start researching more

  • @chrism4008
    @chrism4008 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thanks for the excellent information!

  • @user-pe2lw1ze8i
    @user-pe2lw1ze8i 10 หลายเดือนก่อน +6

    It would be great if you could talk about materials used as well as processes to make these. Also, how they made the paint

    • @lonniebrunner483
      @lonniebrunner483 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

      The black is made from boiling mustered grass. I learned it from a Hopi friend.

  • @ttmallard
    @ttmallard 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    My focus was reconns, finding sites north of Phoenix in Tonto Nat'l Forest, this video reminded me of temper, the broken grind added as fill to the clays affect firing & strength.
    It's hard to find a good eye, I passed through a 15-room site first time didn't "see" them, it's wild out there today.
    Thx, 🍺

  • @RobertMartinezist
    @RobertMartinezist ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you for sharing

  • @MikaelHc1
    @MikaelHc1 10 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I have always found pottery very interesting,even as a child, these are so very beautiful!!
    we do have some beautiful prehistoric pottery here in Denmark. Much enjoyed Thanks!!

  • @brucewooley8694
    @brucewooley8694 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    Very interesting that the Hopi and Zuni have an "up and down" and a "center" as well as the four directions (north, south, east, west)on their pottery. These two tribes appear to view their world not only on the X and Y axis but with the Z axis which adds the third dimension needed for a true representation of the world around you. That's kinda hard to do on a two dimensional surface but can be done if there is a general understanding of the symbols on the pot and the math concepts, the "center" or zero point for all three axis' being most important.

    • @kevinrice7635
      @kevinrice7635 9 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      Z axis a bit wobbly.

    • @GeekFreeek
      @GeekFreeek 8 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      It’s called the medicine wheel for the “up and down, center” stuff you mention. It’s directions season colors people and have a multitude of meanings.

    • @kevinrice7635
      @kevinrice7635 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Yeah what he said agreed.

  • @raindrop5273
    @raindrop5273 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Really beautiful!

    • @jamescunkle259
      @jamescunkle259  3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Thank you! Cheers! I will be putting up a video soon with several examples from the collections of the spirit break

  • @Crtnmn
    @Crtnmn 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thank you

  • @darrellrussell7259
    @darrellrussell7259 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    wow, that is amazing

    • @carolcunkle2602
      @carolcunkle2602 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      almost a written language, another 100 yrs. and they may have made it

  • @jillatherton4660
    @jillatherton4660 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    😄👍 Good stuff.

  • @lelandshanks3590
    @lelandshanks3590 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Ran across your channel, I've had limited info on pottery for years. Did you.learn this from tribal elders? What reference books would you recommend? Thanks for your work and posting this.

    • @jamescunkle259
      @jamescunkle259  8 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      i would recomend "mimbres mythology"

  • @craigkeller
    @craigkeller 10 หลายเดือนก่อน +3

    I would never place the artifacts on any metal surface. Ever. No matter how gentle you are. Softwood only. That’s just me.

  • @gordonharper2961
    @gordonharper2961 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    very interesting objects

  • @missourimongoose8858
    @missourimongoose8858 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    There is a bluff around my families land that still had a bunch of paintings still on it and I've always wondered what they were trying to say

  • @alexgomez6723
    @alexgomez6723 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Carlos Nakai was a nice touch

  • @donloughrey1615
    @donloughrey1615 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Good.

  • @ronniegriffin5383
    @ronniegriffin5383 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Are you still in Arizona Sir? Once again I have been to Raven Site, I remember a beautiful Tonto Olla in your little museum, it's the paint I remember, the red paint, I also remember your T Bird pot and how much it looked like the pot Colton had, maybe same pot, and I'm remembering wrong, but the significance was the symbolism that could be confirmed so to speak. Is Raven site still there ? I remember some controversy...I always felt your intention were great, and I respected what you were trying to do but I knew you would have a hard time of it because I know how they can be, I was lucky, I became friends with Roy L Carlson, IF you recall his book on WMRW, anyway he worked with me a long time and was a great guy, very affable. Anyway I hope you well Sir

  • @robsmith6961
    @robsmith6961 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great information thank you . ROB

    • @carolcunkle2602
      @carolcunkle2602 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      thanks, check out the 'spirit break' video

    • @carolcunkle2602
      @carolcunkle2602 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      check out my 'spirit break' video
      jim

    • @robsmith6961
      @robsmith6961 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@carolcunkle2602 THANKS on TH-cam?

  • @davidhlnda
    @davidhlnda 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Just wondering after finding horned snake in north cent Utah what you might know re horned serpent/ Quetzalcoatl?

  • @kevinrice7635
    @kevinrice7635 9 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Nice video perciate it Hombre... reproduction sets would be nice.... I would buy one for sure...... Guy seems to be on the up and up.

  • @bold810
    @bold810 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    My favorite Southwestern work of art's name is Ana Cabrera. She's really cute. ☺️

  • @erikbosarge8238
    @erikbosarge8238 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    got my attention

  • @carlosmacmartin4205
    @carlosmacmartin4205 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thanks for sharing. Came here to get some ideas for arm tattoos.

    • @spookygirl7761
      @spookygirl7761 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Hahahaha good idea......

    • @africanelectron751
      @africanelectron751 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Until you end up possessed.....

    • @carlosmacmartin4205
      @carlosmacmartin4205 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@africanelectron751 LOL. How so?

    • @craigsimpson3901
      @craigsimpson3901 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Swastika tattoo might look a bit much these days

    • @atomictraveller
      @atomictraveller 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      arm tattoos need ideas.
      i'm gonna go round up cattle on motorcycles. but you know it's a lie because they don't have thumbs to ring the bell.

  • @GeekFreeek
    @GeekFreeek 8 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    I hope these “prehistoric” findings get donated to the “prehistoric” human tribes that they belonged to that are alive to this day.

  • @AncientPottery
    @AncientPottery 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hey Jim, I could re-fire that dark PofP bowl and clean it up real good. Let me know if you ever want to try it. 😉

  • @utej.k.bemsel4777
    @utej.k.bemsel4777 10 หลายเดือนก่อน +4

    Being in Germany as a young woman i tried to copy these pots in our pottery class.
    It gave me real deep respect to the original potters.

    • @utej.k.bemsel4777
      @utej.k.bemsel4777 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@Pychonuant594 I was taught that as a small child, and that can't be repaired anymore.

  • @dsharpness
    @dsharpness 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    oh, wait...the first one...a step fret, sorta...there is triangles inside the steps...what are those?

  • @joemurray1664
    @joemurray1664 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    so when did you start getting into historic objects

  • @lennykoss8777
    @lennykoss8777 3 ปีที่แล้ว

  • @claraallen12
    @claraallen12 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    T birds and rain swastikas' are rotating counterclockwise, like a low pressure system?

  • @susanellis3606
    @susanellis3606 ปีที่แล้ว

    When is the Prehistoric time? With the beauty of this work they are very smart people.

  • @barrywells2020
    @barrywells2020 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    so many year in that one object

  • @Kyleromancito
    @Kyleromancito 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Full blooded Zuni Puebloan here and where did u get your answers ? Just thought I would ask

    • @carolcunkle2602
      @carolcunkle2602 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Some of these symbols are widely recognized. They are found in the mythologies and in context with other symbols. House and water symbols, and the four directions are good examples. Many of these symbols are found worldwide, as human cultures all share common attributes.

  • @ronniegriffin5383
    @ronniegriffin5383 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    What happen to Raven site, I was there in my 30's I'm 60

  • @hildashaw302
    @hildashaw302 3 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    There should be more study done on the ancient people

  • @ronniegriffin5383
    @ronniegriffin5383 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Not trying to be argumentative but I would classify the sherd with the 4 directions on the outside with the tularosa/pinedale interior as Pindale Polychrome, you also call the pot with the war symbols as Cedar Creek, generally Cedar Creek has a 4 mile exterior and a Pindale interior, the war symbol more than likely have repeated itself 4 times and has a Pindale interior again I would call that Pindale, again not trying to be disrespectful at all, just commenting on my experience, I use to run into you at auctions and have talked to you in regard to your book. Treasures in time, I also met a cat at Raven site named Slate, thank you for the information, I respect your work.

    • @carolcunkle2602
      @carolcunkle2602 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Ronnie, thanks for the imput, i can go with pinedale poly, that vessel is so thin and very hard, very well made. , sherd with four directions i did classify as early pinedale. good to hear from you
      jim

  • @ronniegriffin5383
    @ronniegriffin5383 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Is there any way you could send me pictures of the point of pines pot and the tbird over the village, the very first pot, I collect pottery pictures, if you have reservations I understand, I can send my email

  • @benjaminjustus6003
    @benjaminjustus6003 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Symbols - Man's first language. Very Cool!

    • @jeffdana9402
      @jeffdana9402 ปีที่แล้ว

      Language came far before symbols. Like, I could walk before I ran. Then I fell down and made symbols about the journey. The symbols came last in the journey.

    • @HighWealder
      @HighWealder 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

      You mean writing, not language

  • @nigelyazzie2323
    @nigelyazzie2323 ปีที่แล้ว

    So was this from the Navajos? I seen ruins made from Navajos

  • @davidhopkins9167
    @davidhopkins9167 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    not bad

  • @58nomad
    @58nomad 8 หลายเดือนก่อน

    How and where did you get these?
    Who owns these?
    Why do you have these?

  • @octaviatheappalled912
    @octaviatheappalled912 10 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Rather hard to hear. Had to turn volume up quite a bit.

  • @percival1137
    @percival1137 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    A swastika does not represent the 4 winds. It is a stylized representation of a spiral Galaxy. No, I don't know how they know what they looked like...but they did.

    • @solowinterwolf
      @solowinterwolf ปีที่แล้ว

      If so it was. Seen in a shamanic vision.

    • @chrism4008
      @chrism4008 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thats one hell of an assumption

    • @dsharpness
      @dsharpness 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

      itś philotaxis...Zila Nuttall wrote about the occurance of the symbol in new and old world in 1911...she was patronized by Phoebe Hertz(Hearst), as were many other precolumbian researchers...and their discoveries a sensation, especially in Germany...see Bauhaus/Inca textiles...Randolph Hearst published Hitler´s and Mussulini´s editorials...Mussuliniś lament was that America had the resources to be a bigger dictatorship than Germany or Italy could ever be...post WW2 the fascist agenda has been to enfold America, indeed the world, into an axis revival...Fox news is now what Hearst publication was during the thirties...in itś dna the fascist symbology...not unlike the dna of the Aztecs, and the pre columbian cultures...they were death cults, are...head hunting, human sacrifice, all that...the researchers can come out of their holes and explain this, but dont...art is a currency...Hitler a wannabe artist...Goring the grand collector...wannabe dictators-Miley

  • @janosik150
    @janosik150 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Looks like sacrifice bowls to bring rain.

  • @jessecook845
    @jessecook845 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    where do you find all those objects

    • @jeffdana9402
      @jeffdana9402 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Most were likely obtained illegally. Maybe the original poster can correct me? Weather obtained legally or illegally, the 'owner' knows that these pots and sherds should be returned (re-patriated) to the Hopi or other relevant tribes. We've taken so much from them. It is time to return what might connect the Hopi to their ancestors. Black market pottery ... so cool that some can't give it up or give it back. KARMA BITCHES!!!

    • @chrism4008
      @chrism4008 ปีที่แล้ว

      ​@@jeffdana9402if they wanted your moral-grandstanding help they would probably ask, and yet they haven't

    • @jamescunkle259
      @jamescunkle259  10 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      none of this material is black market, these vessels were reassembled from abandoned room blocks, where they were smashed and scattered prehistorically. the hopi and zuni were often present at the site of excavation. the hopi even held a ceremonial dance at the site while we were working

  • @asanablue
    @asanablue 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Presenter needs to mic up. Get your sound right so we can hear you better. Putting mic on you close to your voice would help. Thanks.

  • @patrickbass3542
    @patrickbass3542 11 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Were these items obtained LEGALLY?

    • @carolcunkle2602
      @carolcunkle2602 10 หลายเดือนก่อน

      yes all were reassembled from scattered broken material abandoned prehistorically

    • @lrchandllr1
      @lrchandllr1 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

      It probably would not hurt to provide a little more context than that, perhaps explain on your video at the beginning how you are acquiring these samples for example. If its on private property and you are partaking in some sort of pay to play dig that's fine, as long as they are not funerary objects, its legal, but let people know that. To say you are just simply picking up "abandoned" pottery sherds and then reassembling them does not provide much context for those that are not informed and it could lead to people doing the same on public lands, or other places where that would indeed be illegal. Just providing a little insight, not knocking your content or the video. @@carolcunkle2602

  • @kevinestrada900
    @kevinestrada900 9 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Try contacting the local elders from the land you excavated. Get some real translation you will not find in a book. It’s hard to understand to outsiders why we shouldn’t remove pottery from sacred lands but none the less I do respect your enthusiasm to tell the story 😊

  • @jamesrussell7760
    @jamesrussell7760 11 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    You use Anasazi and Pueblo interchangeably. I'm not sure that is correct. The Anasazi disappeared after the Great Drought of about 1130-1200 and no one knows what happened to them after they abandoned Chaco Canyon. Beautiful pottery.
    EDIT: Since writing this comment, it has come to my attention that the Navajo have a legend concerning the disappearance of the Anasazi. According to the legend, the Anasazi were driven out far to the south, ie., beyond Navajo land in present day Arizona/New Mexico, which would seem to rule out assimilation with the Pueblo peoples, though certainly individual exceptions could have occured. Certain controversial "irregularities" found at Chaco Canyon by archaeologists suggest that the Anasazi may have been dominated, perhaps to the point of enslavement by immigrants from cultures in old Mexico which practiced ritual human sacrifice. Though the Great Drought certainly would spell doom to the Anasazi culture rooted as it was in farming, it is not unreasonable that the ensuing chaos would degenerate into warfare, at which point the far more numerous Navajo would take action as their legend indicates. Parenthetically, if this scenario is even partially correct, it behooves us in the present day to take climate change very seriously. We, like the Anasazi, depend on agriculture for our food supply and if/when that supply is threatened by climate instability, we, like the Anasazi, could devolve into chaos.

    • @davidbouvier8895
      @davidbouvier8895 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Since 'Anasazi' is a Navajo term that reportedly translates as 'ancient enemy' it's about time we stopped using it to refer to those who made these objects, isn't it?

    • @jamesrussell7760
      @jamesrussell7760 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@davidbouvier8895 Perhaps your question ought to be addressed to the Navajo.

    • @beverleecarrell510
      @beverleecarrell510 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

      When China is buying our farmland..it is very near Criminal..As always..a lesser culture uses a productive culture...The lesser culture weighs heavy in the productive culture and eventually distroys it..

  • @mattiesanders5102
    @mattiesanders5102 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    are they the real deal or are they copies

  • @virgillopez5889
    @virgillopez5889 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    wish I had access to some of those objects

    • @carolcunkle2602
      @carolcunkle2602 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      i do fall in love with the artifacts, even just a small sherd with enough image to reveal a hint of prehistory.

    • @rtoguidver3651
      @rtoguidver3651 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

      In Arizona you can't hike anywhere without stepping on shards.

  • @72marshflower15
    @72marshflower15 ปีที่แล้ว

    Is “AD” prehistoric?

    • @chrism4008
      @chrism4008 ปีที่แล้ว

      Depends on the group of people, for these people yes, it is

  • @SqueakyBarbarian
    @SqueakyBarbarian 3 ปีที่แล้ว +32

    I wish we would stop calling it prehistoric and start calling it pre-european. They had histories of their own. We just disregard them. And pre-historic reinforced the idea that no one had civilization before european invasions.

    • @AncientPottery
      @AncientPottery 2 ปีที่แล้ว +7

      History is written, oral histories are all good but we don't need to change the definition of "history" to recognize that.

    • @amospena2046
      @amospena2046 ปีที่แล้ว +6

      Cry me a river😂

    • @chrism4008
      @chrism4008 ปีที่แล้ว

      Its pre-history because it wasnt recorded. Nobody thinks they werent a civilisation, so un-bunch your panties and try to open your mind

    • @geniewiley4217
      @geniewiley4217 10 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      ​@AncientPottery this ignores the fact that "history" and "prehistory" are loaded, more appropriately, ethnocentric terms -- plus, you call it "oral history" right there!

    • @G_v._Losinj2_ImportantPlaylist
      @G_v._Losinj2_ImportantPlaylist 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@SimonSozzi7258yeah, but I thinking that title is more of a generalization and/or concerns the general state of most people in the societies that existed. But yes I think it’s misused some times.
      I always wondered if those advancements & technologies were independently created/discovered or brought by people of the Old World.
      I think various Semitics, Celts, Africans, & Vikings made it over, but I wanted to ask you to check out “Skeletons In The Cupboard”.
      The woman’s oral history goes back 165 Generations and DNA seemingly proves her story of Persia to Mexico to Peru to NZ.
      Completely blew my mind.

  • @robertcornelius3514
    @robertcornelius3514 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    "Anasazi readings, "Bend over and kiss your a$$ goodbye." - Albert Einstein

  • @alexayuso3563
    @alexayuso3563 10 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Beautiful. The history of Denise and Anasazi is a sad one. the Anasazi took many slaves of

    • @Pychonuant594
      @Pychonuant594 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Denise? Is that a black woman? Denise? Dine' u ignorant fool!

  • @shloomyshloms
    @shloomyshloms 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    2:23 virga

  • @tomasneel1980
    @tomasneel1980 ปีที่แล้ว

    i make nice sikyatki replicas

  • @scarletred1497
    @scarletred1497 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Correct term is Ancestral Puebloan pottery, the word Anasazi is no longer appropriate to reference my ancestors.

    • @carolcunkle2602
      @carolcunkle2602 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      understood, no offense intended,
      jim

    • @carolcunkle2602
      @carolcunkle2602 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Anasazi probably originally referred to the Athabaskans coming down from Canada in the early 1500's who attacked and destroyed many of the Pueblo cultures.
      jim

    • @carolcunkle2602
      @carolcunkle2602 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      "ancient enemy"

    • @spookygirl7761
      @spookygirl7761 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@carolcunkle2602 ancient enemies is correct. Yep, that's what they are.

    • @carlosmacmartin4205
      @carlosmacmartin4205 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      I'm Anasazi and Diné too.

  • @jasoncarr5379
    @jasoncarr5379 ปีที่แล้ว

    That was really interesting very knowledgeable! So my creation myth stories.

  • @standingbear998
    @standingbear998 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    puebloan pottery not anaszi. the pueblo and navajo people destroyed all anaszi dwellings and broke all pottery made by them on the ground. that is why there is pottery laying all over the top of the ground in many places over Arizona. Navajo traditional teachings tell the whole story.

  • @Zenmasterdan
    @Zenmasterdan 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Bad juju I would never pick up Anasazi pottery.

  • @spacecatboy2962
    @spacecatboy2962 ปีที่แล้ว

    why dont you see rattle snakes and scorpions? I would guess these two things really caused these people plenty of hardship

  • @nabajojak8734
    @nabajojak8734 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Grave Robbers ⚰️

    • @carolcunkle2602
      @carolcunkle2602 10 หลายเดือนก่อน

      vessels are not from graves, abandoned room blocks

  • @giuliom8520
    @giuliom8520 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Their written language is hieroglyphics, just like the rest of the ancient world and their religion was Saturnalia, just like the rest of the ancient world. They all used the Thunderbird (symbol of the antichrist who rises from the ashes, the swastika (witchcraft and Saturnalia symbolism), horned devils, symbols of the Solstices to mark when to do their blood rituals to their Devils, checker board symbols to represent the light and dark paths of luciferianism, penis symbols for the sex Magick rituals, centipede mean Jacob Ladder or stairway to heaven like the Tower of Babel etc.
    There was very good reason ehy the Christians and these luciferian ancient people didn't get along. Luckily, the good guys won over these blood thirsty cannibals in these disputes.

    • @jeffdana9402
      @jeffdana9402 ปีที่แล้ว

      No evidence of cannibalism in the southwest. Is there any evidence of your incorrect information?

    • @chrism4008
      @chrism4008 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      ​@@jeffdana9402no, there's no evidence of anything he said, because its just made up

    • @marianfrances4959
      @marianfrances4959 11 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Not!

    • @jamescunkle259
      @jamescunkle259  10 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      massive evidence of cannibalism in the southwest, see dr. christy turner az university human bones with butcher marks.

    • @Ren505nm
      @Ren505nm 10 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Southern Mexico cannables were trying to establish a cult at one point But were driven out by Pueblo people.

  • @REDROADWARRIOR602
    @REDROADWARRIOR602 10 หลายเดือนก่อน

    COMING FROM A YT MAN WHO MOST LIKELY GRAVE ROBBED MY ANCESTORS RESTING PLACE

    • @carolcunkle2602
      @carolcunkle2602 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

      these vessels were recovered from rooms that were abandoned, not graves.

  • @user-yf8wq7jk5m
    @user-yf8wq7jk5m 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

    👎

  • @javierblanco859
    @javierblanco859 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Source Is brújula