South African dude here. I was born inside that crater and my family still own farmland in it. It's way too big to even identify as a crater until you explore the mapping. Arguments have raged for several years now with people speculating that region of SA having had the worlds largest reserves of gold and platinum group metals due to the impact penetrating the crust so deeply and ejecting deep Earth material to the surface.
It seems that the force of impact may also explain the presence of diamonds as well considering that they are the product of carbon under intense heat and pressure that would have been created by a meteor strike.
This is true. The original metals formed with the Earth all melted and sank into the core. All the ore we mine within a few miles of the surface that isn't volcanic, was deposited later from asteroid impacts. This is also where Canada gets its vast nickel deposits from
As someone from Sudbury, one thing is i can assure that this town would not exist if that asteroid didn't hit, almost a complete mining economy here. Great vid!
@@mtrest4 In short no. Some of the minerals for sure were deposited by the bolide but it is impossible to know what percentage because it was 1.85 billion years ago. What the impact did create is meltzones where trace amounts of metals naturally occurring in the earths crust are essentially liquified and then they begin to separate and clump together because of similar densities, melting points, etc. When they cool they form ore zones or areas that can be mined profitably because the now have higher mineral/metal content. There is an amazing series on TH-cam called ORE DEPOSITS 101. You should check it out.
@@mtrest4 No, some of the minerals but in short, large bolide impacts create meltzones and then similar metals/minerals bunch together due to like densities and physical properties etc... When they cool they result in orezones which can be mined for profit.
6:46 hi there, it is important to say that the town shown (Nördlingen) is round because of the medieval town wall. Not because of the crater rim. The crater is 50 times bigger than that. Good video tho!
@@mreggs3731 Yes, but there is also a bunch of villages inside the crater that are not round at all. From the church tower, you can see the crater ring as a curious ring of hills around the horizon. That´s how big it is.
It’s probably likely that the medieval wall was built around the crater because the uplifted terrain provided natural fortification, an interesting way to view it.
@@Matt-jp6if No the crater has literally nothing to do with the wall or town itself. The people building it probably didnt even notice that they were setteling inside a crater, since it is so large.
South African here. My country rarely experience earthquakes, volcanos, tornados, tsunamis and other natural calamities - other than droughts and floods we are sitting pretty . Good to know we hold the record for the biggest meteor impact
South Africa contains the Kaapvaal craton which is some of the oldest and most stable rock on the planet (it's more than 3 billion years old). Our geology is actually pretty interesting due to how extensive the geological record of the craton is given its age and its erosion resistance due to the arid climate of the region- although I recognise how "interesting geology" may sound like a bit of an oxymoron.
@@IC1101-Capinatator I'm not surprised that an Aussie want's to deny a South African one single piece of victory. WTF is wrong with you bunch of British boot-lickers?
kind f funny how except a few hits along the top and the middle Africa tends to be pretty unhurt ... same with the asian east and a bit of Australia ... and just the west coast of the Americas with the tip of South America being ok .... the rest of us got a beating for sure
Wonderful map & database view. Gene Shoemaker was a legend not only for his devotion to impact discoveries and analysis along with his wife but the famous discovery of Shoemaker - Levi Comet ; real-time observations of the impacts on Jupiter that really opened scientists eyes to the immense impact energy evolution in Jupiter"s atmosphere that dwarfed Earth's size and what these ancient impacts on Earth truly entailed and surely to happen again. Thank You!!
In my elder years, this kind of thing becomes more and more interesting. Very nice presentation! Geology is a wonderful science. Keep up the good work!
Interesting video; but I noticed that there was only one described crater which is under water. I assume that a meteor which strikes our planet is just as likely to hit any given spot on the planet, whether is it covered by water or not, and since about 70% of our planet is covered by oceans (not to mention the ice sheets which still or once covered major areas), the number of major hits our planet has taken may be much greater than what the land-based craters indicate.
Indeed, but most oceanic craters disappear as oceanic crust is subducted. Pretty much all of the world's oceanic crust was created no more than 200 million years ago, so older impacts were purged from the record.
There are multiple reasons for fewer known oceanic impact craters in spite of more area. One is that smaller impactors only form a very short-lived temporary crater in the ocean water. If that happens, all you can detect geologically is tsunami deposits and, if you're lucky, some seafloor deposits. There is one well-known example: the Eltanin impact 2.5 million years ago in the southwest Pacific off Chile (look it up). So only larger impacts produce a crater on the seafloor. A second reason is, obviously, that it is more difficult for geologists to explore the seafloor. A third reason was already named by drex6347: seafloors get subducted and thus are generally much younger than continental crust.
Also, considering how little of the ocean floor has been mapped, how difficult is to reach it, and how difficult would be to notice a large crater covered by marine life in shallow depth or in the darkness of abyssal depth, finding any submarine craters at all would be an exploit.
The Wilkes Land crater under Antarctic sea ice should have been mentioned. 3 - 5 times the size of KT extinction asteroid. Permian extinction was most likely caused by this asteroid. The Siberian traps which suddenly erupted are antipodal to this crater. NASA’s GRACE satellite found evidence of the Wilkes Land crater by detecting a MASCON (mass concentration).
The city of Nördlingen's circular wall has nothing to do with the geological structures of the much larger Nördlinger Ries crater. In fact the city is not in the center but on the southwest of the crater basin.
7:42 Oh wow, I've been to Kara-kul and had no clue it was an impact site. Makes sense now actually given the size of the impact, the lake itself isn't small but it feels that way because of scale of the flat valley and mountains surrounding it - turns out the whole thing is a dent in the mountain range from a meteor. Mindblowing. Really loved this video, thanks.
An extremely good video, presenting data in a well organized way. I like that only 'craters' that are well accepted by the scientific community are presented. A couple of interesting craters that I would have liked to see presented are: 1. The Chesapeake Bay impact helped form a bay that has been very important in American history. 2. The Cumberland Gap impact helped create the easiest path through the Appalachian Mountains, rediscovered by Danial Boone. This speeded up the Western Expansion of the settlers, getting them across the biggest physical mountain barrier to Western Expansion, greater than the Rocky Mountains, curiously enough. Another historically important impact.
Born, raise, and spent most of the life in Hampton and everyone can tell where the outer rim of the Chesapeake Bay Impact Crater is. Inside the crater, the ground water is so salty and disgusting that one can't even water the grass without risk of killing it. Just a couple of miles outside, the ground water is fine. Outside some iron, the ground water is actually safe to drink and use.
I read that the tsunami created by the Chesapeake Bay impact reached as far inland as the Blue Ridge mountains. Further north on the Atlantic coast is the Toms Canyon impact site, at the mouth of Toms River in NJ, where the river meets the ocean, and may have happened at the same time as the Chesapeake event.
Is there evidence of the Cumberland Gap being caused by an impact? AFAIK, it's a classic example of how rivers can maintain a pass by eroding their beds as fast as the mountains around them rise.
There is a perfect semicirle in the Eastern shoreline of Hudson's bay that sure looks like a big impact crater but I haven't seen it listed as one. Take a look.
@@abrahamdozer6273 I’m sure the reason why is because there isn’t definitive evidence that it is a meteorite crater. I mean, anyone with a map of Canada can tell you that it certainly does look like one.
@@tonydai782 I get it but it sure looks like one ... even has a cluster of islands at the focus of the circle. It's a more perfect circle than a lot of the impact craters listed. I'm sure the reason why is that they don't have enough evidence but ... take another look and forget what you think that you know.
@@abrahamdozer6273 there is something like 2000+ more he didn't list as they are not confirmed or dated. the moon has over 9100 visible crater impacts, earth will have been hit lots more than that, it just they ether get erased or are air burst so the crater is gone or didn't form
I really enjoyed this video. Thanks for putting forth so much effort on siting sources and explaining each crater. I will now watch your other vids....finally the algorithm suggests something worth watching!
Great and novel idea concept on this video, clear advancement in production value as well! You may have knicked a natural crossover audience from the space community on this one.
Cool video, thanks for the work putting it together. The annular lake in Quebec has stood out when I explored google maps, it was unclear to me if it was a crater or just an extensive dam works that created it. It is on my bucket list to go see in person.
I live in Baie-Comeau (closest city from the dam and the crater) and the dam offers a small museum of its construction if I remember correctly. The crater is not well documented though, mainly because most people here work for this dam and a few smaller ones. I haven’t been there in a while since it’s very far away for what it is, but there’s definitely something set up for tourists out there!
I found Gosses Bluff by accident on google Earth. Couldn't see any tracks in, so I thought it might be unknown. Also on second thought I guessed it to be volcanic, because of the height of the walls. Thanks for clearing this up for me.
What an interesting video! I particularly liked seeing the way different weathering conditions affected the impact craters, some nearly obliterated while some are easily recognizable (by Geologists that is). Great presentation!
We should have had more impact craters than the moon owing to Earth's more stronger gravity. Thank the weather and plate tectonics for erasing 99.99% of all impact craters.
Another Saffa here! The Vredefort Dome site is truly huge, and VERY old. If ever you travel to South Africa, this is a must see! Many example of ejected matter, and other features still exist to see, even after such a long time! Great video!
The biggest one might be in Antarctica though with a 480km diameter (Wilkes Land). And there is a really nice patially hidden one in north west Greenland (Hiawatha, 31km).
Also look up the Deniliquin Structure in Australia. Estimated to be around 500 km if confirmed to be an impact crater. It could have been responsible for the Late Ordovician mass extinction.
@@MarkxTube Look up Shiva Crater west of Mumbai India. A geologic feature 600 km long by 400 km wide created around the time of the Dinosaur extinction event. If confirmed then it would make the Chicxulub impact puny by comparison. The 24 kilometer Boltysh crater in Ukraine and the 20 km Silverpit crater north of the German coast were also dated around the same time. 4 mass extinction level impacts around the same time. It's a miracle 25% of life managed to survive.
Wilkes Land crater is one of the most interesting ones because it is theorized to have caused the Permian-Triassic mass extinction 252 million years ago. It is thought that the Wilkes Land crater was caused by a 40 km diameter asteroid (compared to the 10 km Chicxulub asteroid), and that it also caused the Siberian Traps volcanism on the other side of the earth (antipode point) which was also a factor of the Permian-Triassic mass extinction.
I live in the closest city from the Manicouagan crater and the most notorious thing in the region is actually the dam. Of course it’s the biggest dam of its type in the world, but people tend to ignore how we have one of the largest craters on earth sitting “nextdoors”.
I got to see the barringer crater from a jet while on my way to LA, was incredible to see as it was always on my wishlist to see with my own eyes as a little kid. Got so lucky I looked out the window when I did!
They since found a bigger one than Vredefort, in Deniliquin Australia, late last year or early this year, Edit: A crater diameter of around 520km after looking it up again
@@jimmiller6704 Traits so ancient that erosion has almost completely obscured the shape ..... I think the most obvious sign remaining is large scale circular magnetic anomalies
You missed: The Hiawatha crater in Greenland has a diameter of approximately 31 kilometers (19 miles). This massive impact structure is buried beneath the Greenland Ice Sheet, and it was first discovered using ice-penetrating radar data in 2018. 🙂
Great video! One other popular impact crater, but too far north to be seen on this map, the Hiawatha impact crater in northern Greenland. It impacted when Greenland was green with forests.
This is crazy! I just visited meteor crater in spring break last week. It’s truly humbling to see the scale and power of nature in this form. Also very well preserved, it felt like looking at a time capsule of when the impact happened.
Excellent summary of these extrordinary and unique events! I visited an impact crater in Quebec in 2005, along the coast, near Lac de le Tourelle, amazing. Even more amazing was my visit to Bosumtwi Impact Crater in Ghana in 2022. Over 900 ft deep depression and more than 10 km across it was truly incredible. We just saw it on a map and said let's go there, spectacular!
What a fascinating video. The thing that interests me about craters is the prevalence of valuable minerals and oil in their vicinity. Quite a cool thing really.
Great video. I’ve been to Barringer crater when my grandparents lived in Arizona, it’s crazy to think of all the craters that are so much larger than it since Barringer feels absolutely enormous.
6:44 That's the town of Nördlingen and that ring is just its medieval city walls - not an impact feature, as far as I know. The impact crater the town sits in has a diameter of 25 kilometers.
A number of years ago, I queried a geologist who specialized in impact craters, and asked him if Hudson's Bay was one, based on the circular dimensions. He said YES, it is, noting they found shocked quartz around and in the formation. And yet, it is not listed on any indexes that I could find.
What an incredible video display. It always blows my mind to think of the forces involved at the time of impact. I imagine one hitting the Moon, what we’d see, if anything. Just the forces in Earths tectonics is incredible
Why doesn't any scientists acknowledge the Hudson bay crater on the south eastern shore? You can clearly see the round shore line and the island pushups off shore.
6:43, Ries Crater: Also worth mentioning is that the astronauts of Apollo 14 were taught here how to investigate and recognize the geological features of meteor craters. :)
So so sorry. But no confirmed craters there in the impact database and I wanted to maximize the zoom level. Can we blame the active landscape there and the map projection?
Thanks for the video very, very informative.I never knew that there were so many crater impacts. In another sense It gets you nervous to know that it's not as unusual as we think.
Great now I’m gonna be terrified for the next month or two. Fuk you very much for presenting this so articulately with undeniable visual references. To be clear, we are doomed right? So Elon has the right idea?
Great video, thanks! I work in airborne gravity surveys and I was sure we found a buried roughly 8km diamater crater in West Africa. But our geologists reckoned it's an eroded circular intrusion. Sadly we never had a chance to go there and see if we could find tell-tale impact geology.
Informative video! Has there been study or discussion about the larger impacts (specifically Vredfort) causing major climatic changes, e.g., snowball Earths, etc.?
Yes, there have been studies, but so far, not very conclusive. E. g. look up the article "Asteroid that formed Vredefort crater bigger than previously thought".
Comets & the Horns of Moses is a very interesting book that ties impact cycles, myths & legends with rise/fall of civilizations. So are a couple of other books by same author(s). Referenced in those are Victor Clube & William Napier, Mike Baillie, Mike Bailey(Clube & Napier), Richard Firestone& Allen West.
@@frauleenijssens9353 Just looked it up - sounds like pseudoscience to me. E. g. the author claims that comets are fundamentally electric / electromagnetic in nature, which is just utter nonsense. And she herself says that history is a "hobby" for her, i. e. she has no formal education in that topic. Which William Napier do you mean? There were several important persons of that name. However, none of them was a historian either. Victor Clube is an astronom, not an historian either. And I strongly suspect that he disagrees with the author of that book on the nature of comets! "Mike Baillie, Mike Bailey" Are these two different persons, or is one of those simply a misspelling? Also, why do you list Clube and Napier two times? Or are these again two different persons?
@@bjornfeuerbacher5514 have you seen recent discovery...comet tail coming from asteroid 2015 VA108? One of 15 such asteroids found by NASAs Citizen Science Project. Also see James McCanney's electric model for comets...in a nutshell: asteroids are dead comets, not dirty snowballs. Also, rocks(asteroids) are metal oxides...H+O means hydroxyl, not water, not ice. Protons knock O atoms off and combine with them. Hope this helps you catch up with the science of the electric universe.
Thanks for the video. I have one for the list. Ligas Crater, is 2.8 miles across and possibly hit in 1159 BC. It is located just off the coast of Southwest Florida at the southernmost end of Naples, Florida. Also, there are two 0.9-mile elliptical, secondary craters just onshore in the mangroves adjacent to the main crater. If the date is confirmed correct. This event wiped out the old Calusa Tribe and all coastal people of the Gulf of Mexico, and Cube, and as far away as the Bahaman Islands. The new Calusa Tribe was descended from the mountain tribes of Cuba as all of the coastal peoples were wiped out. This is an event that has major historical significance and I have not been able to persuade professional geologists to help document and confirm this crater. I had a geologist take samples of the rock from the rim of this crater, but he was elderly and has since died. Hoping this feature and its tragic history are not lost to history.
This was an excellent presentation. Your graphics and text supported your narrative well and provided just the right amount of detail. There was one earlier and bigger impact, when the Earth was struck, and the moon was formed. Would that be reflected in surface geology still?
i live near nördlingen (the german crater ries (6:48)) and it is so beautiful there. if you happen to be in southern germany, this whole region is definelty worth a visit.
Hello! Very good video also pretty successful and seeing how you haven't posted anything for 4 months after releasing such a well doing video I've been wondering maybe there's a chance that the editing of this recording exhausted you? Becouse if so I'd be extremely happy to be up for the job, becouse these ideas are amazing and getting such a big view jump is astonishing! I think you could make this channel quite the money maker. If you aren't in search of an editor then it's no problem, but even so you should keep on posting, im not much into geography myself but this video actually made me interested without even realising it!
I thought this was a very informative video, I knew there were quite a few extant and visible craters around the world, but to get good photos of them and the data of their size and age was great!
I'm in! I love maps. I love space stuff......and stuff from space, even when it's been gifted to us at a crazy speed (as long as I'm not under it). I also love information being presented in a much more visual style. Subbed! I'm glad this channel got noticed by the algorithm. OzGeographics is another favorite, but its geography based, though it does have a lot of vids on impact craters.
Fascinating and very well presented indeed. The narrator’s voice, so often poor on lots of videos was pitch perfect. The question is, I guess, are we likely to have another one or are we looking at a recording of an earlier development stages of the universe?
Thanks. I liked many aspects of this video, not least: the matter-of-fact narration, tho the talking was a bit rushed. Keep it going! I was exploring a remote part of northern Thailand. Alongside a limestone hill, I found a house sized rock that had two straight/vertical sides/rifts which were at right angles to each other and connected at its corner. It was as tho the flat sides were hand-hewn, but they were 100% natural. The cracked rifts were about 3.5 ft wide. The whole thing was 2 km west of the Mae Fah Luang bridge, alongside the Kok river, in a scenic area. There are also caves there, plus a giant red fig tree where deer and monkeys used to gather.
9:40 fun fact there is a theory since Hawaii is no where near any fault lines that this impact compressed the earths mantle and squeeezed lava out the other side of the earth giving rise to Hawaii
But doesn't Hawaii sit above a known hot spot which has been creating islands for millions of years as the crust passes over it -- creating a chain of islands and seamounts that extend almost 4000 miles?
This got me to thinking about a huge crater that I happened upon when working in Saudi Arabia in 1983/84 when our driving. Just checking I found what is Black Crater near Hail. With the benefit of the internet now I see it is a volcanic crater. Still very impressive.
South African dude here. I was born inside that crater and my family still own farmland in it. It's way too big to even identify as a crater until you explore the mapping. Arguments have raged for several years now with people speculating that region of SA having had the worlds largest reserves of gold and platinum group metals due to the impact penetrating the crust so deeply and ejecting deep Earth material to the surface.
It seems that the force of impact may also explain the presence of diamonds as well considering that they are the product of carbon under intense heat and pressure that would have been created by a meteor strike.
@ChiveauxSnow-fk4qw Crater is away from fault lines between the tectonic plates.
Asteroids can also have high concentrations of rare metals, maybe it was a metal rock that hit?
@ChiveauxSnow-fk4qw That was covered in the video.
This is true. The original metals formed with the Earth all melted and sank into the core. All the ore we mine within a few miles of the surface that isn't volcanic, was deposited later from asteroid impacts. This is also where Canada gets its vast nickel deposits from
As someone from Sudbury, one thing is i can assure that this town would not exist if that asteroid didn't hit, almost a complete mining economy here. Great vid!
I studied Geology and Mining Engineering in Sudbury, can't say it was my favourite city, but at least you guys still have somewhat affordable housing.
Were all the minerals there brought by the asteroid?
@@mtrest4 In short no. Some of the minerals for sure were deposited by the bolide but it is impossible to know what percentage because it was 1.85 billion years ago. What the impact did create is meltzones where trace amounts of metals naturally occurring in the earths crust are essentially liquified and then they begin to separate and clump together because of similar densities, melting points, etc. When they cool they form ore zones or areas that can be mined profitably because the now have higher mineral/metal content.
There is an amazing series on TH-cam called ORE DEPOSITS 101. You should check it out.
@@Brett733 sounds accurate, nothing to do and the roads are terrible lol
@@mtrest4 No, some of the minerals but in short, large bolide impacts create meltzones and then similar metals/minerals bunch together due to like densities and physical properties etc... When they cool they result in orezones which can be mined for profit.
The meteor that formed Barringer Crater came so close to hitting the visitor's center.
Bwahahahahah snort guffaw. GIGGLE.
Nice of it to land at the end of the paved road.
Brilliant 😂
(I'm just glad all those meteors didn't hit at the same time, that would have really dinged insurance rates)
True. It's really amazing how often they come so close. Thanks for mentioning.
That was extremely lucky for the visitors, they don't have to face death.
6:46 hi there, it is important to say that the town shown (Nördlingen) is round because of the medieval town wall. Not because of the crater rim. The crater is 50 times bigger than that. Good video tho!
but the town is still inside the crater
@@mreggs3731 Yep. That's 1 burg that really is a "hole!"
@@mreggs3731 Yes, but there is also a bunch of villages inside the crater that are not round at all. From the church tower, you can see the crater ring as a curious ring of hills around the horizon. That´s how big it is.
It’s probably likely that the medieval wall was built around the crater because the uplifted terrain provided natural fortification, an interesting way to view it.
@@Matt-jp6if No the crater has literally nothing to do with the wall or town itself. The people building it probably didnt even notice that they were setteling inside a crater, since it is so large.
South African here. My country rarely experience earthquakes, volcanos, tornados, tsunamis and other natural calamities - other than droughts and floods we are sitting pretty . Good to know we hold the record for the biggest meteor impact
South Africa contains the Kaapvaal craton which is some of the oldest and most stable rock on the planet (it's more than 3 billion years old). Our geology is actually pretty interesting due to how extensive the geological record of the craton is given its age and its erosion resistance due to the arid climate of the region- although I recognise how "interesting geology" may sound like a bit of an oxymoron.
Deniliquin structure (~450 million year old circular structure around 500 km across in Australia): you sure?
@@IC1101-Capinatator I'm not surprised that an Aussie want's to deny a South African one single piece of victory. WTF is wrong with you bunch of British boot-lickers?
Ei, puteti fi mandri si de faptul ca aveti cea mai mare rata a criminalitatii de pe glob.
kind f funny how except a few hits along the top and the middle Africa tends to be pretty unhurt ... same with the asian east and a bit of Australia ... and just the west coast of the Americas with the tip of South America being ok .... the rest of us got a beating for sure
As a South African this makes me want to start digging up my backyard just incase I get lucky
best chance to find something compared to anywhere else in the world
Wonderful map & database view. Gene Shoemaker was a legend not only for his devotion to impact discoveries and analysis along with his wife but the famous discovery of Shoemaker - Levi Comet ; real-time observations of the impacts on Jupiter that really opened scientists eyes to the immense impact energy evolution in Jupiter"s atmosphere that dwarfed Earth's size and what these ancient impacts on Earth truly entailed and surely to happen again.
Thank You!!
Oh man - New Zealand gets left off the map *again!* :)
Not for the solar micro nova 😅
Reallying not a map you'll want to be on 😜
I watched this to see if we had any were not even on the map lol
5:41 Draw an X where Tasmania used to be.
Maybe it has to do with the abundance of Laser Kiwi
In my elder years, this kind of thing becomes more and more interesting. Very nice presentation! Geology is a wonderful science. Keep up the good work!
Interesting video; but I noticed that there was only one described crater which is under water. I assume that a meteor which strikes our planet is just as likely to hit any given spot on the planet, whether is it covered by water or not, and since about 70% of our planet is covered by oceans (not to mention the ice sheets which still or once covered major areas), the number of major hits our planet has taken may be much greater than what the land-based craters indicate.
Excellent point!!
Indeed, but most oceanic craters disappear as oceanic crust is subducted. Pretty much all of the world's oceanic crust was created no more than 200 million years ago, so older impacts were purged from the record.
There are multiple reasons for fewer known oceanic impact craters in spite of more area.
One is that smaller impactors only form a very short-lived temporary crater in the ocean water. If that happens, all you can detect geologically is tsunami deposits and, if you're lucky, some seafloor deposits. There is one well-known example: the Eltanin impact 2.5 million years ago in the southwest Pacific off Chile (look it up). So only larger impacts produce a crater on the seafloor.
A second reason is, obviously, that it is more difficult for geologists to explore the seafloor.
A third reason was already named by drex6347: seafloors get subducted and thus are generally much younger than continental crust.
Also, considering how little of the ocean floor has been mapped, how difficult is to reach it, and how difficult would be to notice a large crater covered by marine life in shallow depth or in the darkness of abyssal depth, finding any submarine craters at all would be an exploit.
The Wilkes Land crater under Antarctic sea ice should have been mentioned. 3 - 5 times the size of KT extinction asteroid. Permian extinction was most likely caused by this asteroid. The Siberian traps which suddenly erupted are antipodal to this crater. NASA’s GRACE satellite found evidence of the Wilkes Land crater by detecting a MASCON (mass concentration).
The city of Nördlingen's circular wall has nothing to do with the geological structures of the much larger Nördlinger Ries crater. In fact the city is not in the center but on the southwest of the crater basin.
I love these super detailed videos on somewhate niche topics. Thanks for providing such a well explained video!
jerma jumpscare
@@offan- giant enemy spider jumpscare
7:42 Oh wow, I've been to Kara-kul and had no clue it was an impact site. Makes sense now actually given the size of the impact, the lake itself isn't small but it feels that way because of scale of the flat valley and mountains surrounding it - turns out the whole thing is a dent in the mountain range from a meteor. Mindblowing. Really loved this video, thanks.
An extremely good video, presenting data in a well organized way. I like that only 'craters' that are well accepted by the scientific community are presented. A couple of interesting craters that I would have liked to see presented are:
1. The Chesapeake Bay impact helped form a bay that has been very important in American history.
2. The Cumberland Gap impact helped create the easiest path through the Appalachian Mountains, rediscovered by Danial Boone. This speeded up the Western Expansion of the settlers, getting them across the biggest physical mountain barrier to Western Expansion, greater than the Rocky Mountains, curiously enough. Another historically important impact.
Born, raise, and spent most of the life in Hampton and everyone can tell where the outer rim of the Chesapeake Bay Impact Crater is. Inside the crater, the ground water is so salty and disgusting that one can't even water the grass without risk of killing it. Just a couple of miles outside, the ground water is fine. Outside some iron, the ground water is actually safe to drink and use.
I read that the tsunami created by the Chesapeake Bay impact reached as far inland as the Blue Ridge mountains. Further north on the Atlantic coast is the Toms Canyon impact site, at the mouth of Toms River in NJ, where the river meets the ocean, and may have happened at the same time as the Chesapeake event.
Is there evidence of the Cumberland Gap being caused by an impact? AFAIK, it's a classic example of how rivers can maintain a pass by eroding their beds as fast as the mountains around them rise.
The Bays were created by an impact in Michigan. That's why they all have an oval shape and they all point to Michigan, like a blood spatter pattern.
Awesome. From a Canadian who's looking at maps all the time. And the crater patterns on other planets and moons.
There is a perfect semicirle in the Eastern shoreline of Hudson's bay that sure looks like a big impact crater but I haven't seen it listed as one.
Take a look.
@@abrahamdozer6273 I’m sure the reason why is because there isn’t definitive evidence that it is a meteorite crater.
I mean, anyone with a map of Canada can tell you that it certainly does look like one.
@@tonydai782 I get it but it sure looks like one ... even has a cluster of islands at the focus of the circle. It's a more perfect circle than a lot of the impact craters listed. I'm sure the reason why is that they don't have enough evidence but ... take another look and forget what you think that you know.
@@abrahamdozer6273 there is something like 2000+ more he didn't list as they are not confirmed or dated.
the moon has over 9100 visible crater impacts, earth will have been hit lots more than that, it just they ether get erased or are air burst so the crater is gone or didn't form
@@abrahamdozer6273 It for sure is a crater, I made some calculations with Google Earth Pro and the diameter must be around 450km.
This was a really Informative video, you could explore more of these craters.
I’ve been to Barringer Crater. They have a large piece of the iron meteor that created the crater inside of the viewing area. Worth the trip.
Ya me too, quite a place!
Have to disagree. Barringer Crater is now $55 a person just to see the crater post-Covid. Go and look from a distance and high ground.
@@kainepeterson6638 wow. $55 is ridiculous. It’s been almost ten years since I was there.
@@kainepeterson6638 Thats crazy. I remember being there when I was younger and it was around $20
It was so fortunate that the meteorite missed the Visitor Centre !
Very cool graphic that includes both size and time. Great explanation, too. Well done!
I really enjoyed this video. Thanks for putting forth so much effort on siting sources and explaining each crater. I will now watch your other vids....finally the algorithm suggests something worth watching!
Great and novel idea concept on this video, clear advancement in production value as well! You may have knicked a natural crossover audience from the space community on this one.
Excellent compilation. The hard work is appreciated. Thank you!
Glad you enjoyed it!
@@geogvizI would buy a hard copy of a map showing all these impacts!
Cool video, thanks for the work putting it together. The annular lake in Quebec has stood out when I explored google maps, it was unclear to me if it was a crater or just an extensive dam works that created it. It is on my bucket list to go see in person.
I live in Baie-Comeau (closest city from the dam and the crater) and the dam offers a small museum of its construction if I remember correctly. The crater is not well documented though, mainly because most people here work for this dam and a few smaller ones. I haven’t been there in a while since it’s very far away for what it is, but there’s definitely something set up for tourists out there!
Thank you for this interesting perspective of earth at the receiving end of meteors.
Great video mate - I was hooked all the way through.... and learnt many things!
I found Gosses Bluff by accident on google Earth. Couldn't see any tracks in, so I thought it might be unknown. Also on second thought I guessed it to be volcanic, because of the height of the walls. Thanks for clearing this up for me.
What an interesting video! I particularly liked seeing the way different weathering conditions affected the impact craters, some nearly obliterated while some are easily recognizable (by Geologists that is). Great presentation!
Fascinating. I had no idea surviving impact craters were so widespread and numerous.
We should have had more impact craters than the moon owing to Earth's more stronger gravity. Thank the weather and plate tectonics for erasing 99.99% of all impact craters.
Another Saffa here! The Vredefort Dome site is truly huge, and VERY old. If ever you travel to South Africa, this is a must see! Many example of ejected matter, and other features still exist to see, even after such a long time!
Great video!
The biggest one might be in Antarctica though with a 480km diameter (Wilkes Land). And there is a really nice patially hidden one in north west Greenland (Hiawatha, 31km).
Also look up the Deniliquin Structure in Australia. Estimated to be around 500 km if confirmed to be an impact crater. It could have been responsible for the Late Ordovician mass extinction.
Oooh, nice one!
@@MarkxTube Look up Shiva Crater west of Mumbai India. A geologic feature 600 km long by 400 km wide created around the time of the Dinosaur extinction event. If confirmed then it would make the Chicxulub impact puny by comparison. The 24 kilometer Boltysh crater in Ukraine and the 20 km Silverpit crater north of the German coast were also dated around the same time. 4 mass extinction level impacts around the same time. It's a miracle 25% of life managed to survive.
Wilkes Land crater is one of the most interesting ones because it is theorized to have caused the Permian-Triassic mass extinction 252 million years ago. It is thought that the Wilkes Land crater was caused by a 40 km diameter asteroid (compared to the 10 km Chicxulub asteroid), and that it also caused the Siberian Traps volcanism on the other side of the earth (antipode point) which was also a factor of the Permian-Triassic mass extinction.
I live in the closest city from the Manicouagan crater and the most notorious thing in the region is actually the dam. Of course it’s the biggest dam of its type in the world, but people tend to ignore how we have one of the largest craters on earth sitting “nextdoors”.
I got to see the barringer crater from a jet while on my way to LA, was incredible to see as it was always on my wishlist to see with my own eyes as a little kid. Got so lucky I looked out the window when I did!
They since found a bigger one than Vredefort, in Deniliquin Australia, late last year or early this year,
Edit: A crater diameter of around 520km after looking it up again
Looking at maps of that area shows few other impacts.
I bet there's a few smaller ones in that area that were obliterated by it.
Deffo @@jimmiller6704
@@jimmiller6704
Traits so ancient that erosion has almost completely obscured the shape
..... I think the most obvious sign remaining is large scale circular magnetic anomalies
You missed: The Hiawatha crater in Greenland has a diameter of approximately 31 kilometers (19 miles). This massive impact structure is buried beneath the Greenland Ice Sheet, and it was first discovered using ice-penetrating radar data in 2018. 🙂
Great map of all the Land Craters. That leaves over 70% unexplored...
Everything on the seafloor (including impact craters) that is older than 200 million years has already been recycled unfortunately.
Great video! One other popular impact crater, but too far north to be seen on this map, the Hiawatha impact crater in northern Greenland. It impacted when Greenland was green with forests.
This is crazy! I just visited meteor crater in spring break last week. It’s truly humbling to see the scale and power of nature in this form. Also very well preserved, it felt like looking at a time capsule of when the impact happened.
Excellent summary of these extrordinary and unique events! I visited an impact crater in Quebec in 2005, along the coast, near Lac de le Tourelle, amazing. Even more amazing was my visit to Bosumtwi Impact Crater in Ghana in 2022. Over 900 ft deep depression and more than 10 km across it was truly incredible. We just saw it on a map and said let's go there, spectacular!
Can’t wait to see Joe Rogan freak out about this video
Hes definitely smoking a fat one waxing his bald head thinking to himself "how can i incorporate this into my podcast"
@@thatonescrambler Probably trying to think of which alt-right crackpot to bring on the show next to spread conspiracies about it with.
“Hey Jamie…”
What a fascinating video. The thing that interests me about craters is the prevalence of valuable minerals and oil in their vicinity. Quite a cool thing really.
I'm surprised you don't have Hiawata crater in Greenland represented on the map? It's about 35 Km wide.
Wow ... thats amazing. Thats like the first time I saw all the craters in one single video. Great content. Wow.
Can you make a video of the largest non verified/ proposed impacts?
Great video. I’ve been to Barringer crater when my grandparents lived in Arizona, it’s crazy to think of all the craters that are so much larger than it since Barringer feels absolutely enormous.
Alright! Great topic for a video!!
Absolutely fascinating.
Well done putting this together, this is right up my alley!!
Don’t forget Hudson bay and the great lakes
Nice work. Had no idea there were so many still visible.
6:44 That's the town of Nördlingen and that ring is just its medieval city walls - not an impact feature, as far as I know. The impact crater the town sits in has a diameter of 25 kilometers.
I grew up in Middlesboro, Kentucky, which was built in the Middlesboro crater.
Natural defensive ramparts. Genius for the security minded.
Thanx for doing all the hard work. A short, concise, and extremely informative video. Thanx man! I knew we kept you guys around for a reason😅
This puppy's take: the universe really doesn't care whether we live or die.
The world was for the dinosaurs taking, and if not for the meteor; us mammals would have never dominated land.
This is a fantastic presentation. Thank you.
A number of years ago, I queried a geologist who specialized in impact craters, and asked him if Hudson's Bay was one, based on the circular dimensions. He said YES, it is, noting they found shocked quartz around and in the formation. And yet, it is not listed on any indexes that I could find.
Maybe the quartz was shocked by gas prices...?🤔
It's a coverup. Some geologists get very defensive over this.
I noticed the omission, as well...pretty obvious, circular pattern
..
What an incredible video display. It always blows my mind to think of the forces involved at the time of impact. I imagine one hitting the Moon, what we’d see, if anything.
Just the forces in Earths tectonics is incredible
6:47 they took “an asteroid can’t strike twice in the same place” to a whole new level
Barringer Crater is amazing....and worth a visit.
Well done !
Thank you so much for sharing all these valuable information. Best regards from Panama 🇵🇦
Why doesn't any scientists acknowledge the Hudson bay crater on the south eastern shore? You can clearly see the round shore line and the island pushups off shore.
Because it’s no longer thought to be an impact crater, you think they don’t know their job?
The islands (Belcher Islands) are sandbars.
I think it was glaciers that made it like that though it does look like it would be a crater
I don’t get that either. All very large very round geology winds up being impact craters.
6:43, Ries Crater: Also worth mentioning is that the astronauts of Apollo 14 were taught here how to investigate and recognize the geological features of meteor craters. :)
oi what have you done to New Zealand with the map :(
So so sorry. But no confirmed craters there in the impact database and I wanted to maximize the zoom level. Can we blame the active landscape there and the map projection?
Astonishing, only wishing it was longer, a true genius ❤
Thanks for the video very, very informative.I never knew that there were so many crater impacts. In another sense It gets you nervous to know that it's not as unusual as we think.
Great now I’m gonna be terrified for the next month or two. Fuk you very much for presenting this so articulately with undeniable visual references. To be clear, we are doomed right? So Elon has the right idea?
I'm so sorry, but I couldn't stop laughing while reading this comment 😁
Great video, thanks! I work in airborne gravity surveys and I was sure we found a buried roughly 8km diamater crater in West Africa. But our geologists reckoned it's an eroded circular intrusion. Sadly we never had a chance to go there and see if we could find tell-tale impact geology.
But christians say the earth is 6k years old.....
They're wrong. It's 4.5 billion years old.
That's what happens when you believe in book that was written by people with very limited knowledge about their world
You say that as if Christianity is the only religion that believes that
Great video! No BS, just facts! I'll have to check what else you've touched on. Fantastic! Keep up the great work. 👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻
This was really good!
Informative video! Has there been study or discussion about the larger impacts (specifically Vredfort) causing major climatic changes, e.g., snowball Earths, etc.?
Yes, there have been studies, but so far, not very conclusive. E. g. look up the article "Asteroid that formed Vredefort crater bigger than previously thought".
Comets & the Horns of Moses is a very interesting book that ties impact cycles, myths & legends with rise/fall of civilizations. So are a couple of other books by same author(s).
Referenced in those are Victor Clube & William Napier, Mike Baillie, Mike Bailey(Clube & Napier), Richard Firestone& Allen West.
@@frauleenijssens9353 Just looked it up - sounds like pseudoscience to me. E. g. the author claims that comets are fundamentally electric / electromagnetic in nature, which is just utter nonsense. And she herself says that history is a "hobby" for her, i. e. she has no formal education in that topic.
Which William Napier do you mean? There were several important persons of that name. However, none of them was a historian either.
Victor Clube is an astronom, not an historian either. And I strongly suspect that he disagrees with the author of that book on the nature of comets!
"Mike Baillie, Mike Bailey"
Are these two different persons, or is one of those simply a misspelling?
Also, why do you list Clube and Napier two times? Or are these again two different persons?
@@bjornfeuerbacher5514 have you seen recent discovery...comet tail coming from asteroid 2015 VA108? One of 15 such asteroids found by NASAs Citizen Science Project.
Also see James McCanney's electric model for comets...in a nutshell: asteroids are dead comets, not dirty snowballs.
Also, rocks(asteroids) are metal oxides...H+O means hydroxyl, not water, not ice. Protons knock O atoms off and combine with them.
Hope this helps you catch up with the science of the electric universe.
Cool video. Though I thought the Chicxulub crater had been redated to being closer to 66mya instead of the 65mya you had in the video.
Excellent presentation!
Very interesting. I visited the crater in Estonia. It is small but the processes involved can be easily understood
Fun and instructive. Congratulations ,Planetary and Space Science Centre.
Incredible video. Thanks for uploading 👌
Thanks for the video. I have one for the list. Ligas Crater, is 2.8 miles across and possibly hit in 1159 BC. It is located just off the coast of Southwest Florida at the southernmost end of Naples, Florida. Also, there are two 0.9-mile elliptical, secondary craters just onshore in the mangroves adjacent to the main crater. If the date is confirmed correct. This event wiped out the old Calusa Tribe and all coastal people of the Gulf of Mexico, and Cube, and as far away as the Bahaman Islands. The new Calusa Tribe was descended from the mountain tribes of Cuba as all of the coastal peoples were wiped out. This is an event that has major historical significance and I have not been able to persuade professional geologists to help document and confirm this crater. I had a geologist take samples of the rock from the rim of this crater, but he was elderly and has since died. Hoping this feature and its tragic history are not lost to history.
this is an amazing video man. like everything ab it works. really liked it!
The meteor going across the screen at 5:13 startled me so much in bed because I thought it was a bug
Awesome presentation. Watching from the PHILIPPINES. There is so much we still do not know about the earths history.
This was an excellent presentation. Your graphics and text supported your narrative well and provided just the right amount of detail. There was one earlier and bigger impact, when the Earth was struck, and the moon was formed. Would that be reflected in surface geology still?
i live near nördlingen (the german crater ries (6:48)) and it is so beautiful there. if you happen to be in southern germany, this whole region is definelty worth a visit.
This video took a lot of work, respect!
Hello! Very good video also pretty successful and seeing how you haven't posted anything for 4 months after releasing such a well doing video I've been wondering maybe there's a chance that the editing of this recording exhausted you? Becouse if so I'd be extremely happy to be up for the job, becouse these ideas are amazing and getting such a big view jump is astonishing! I think you could make this channel quite the money maker. If you aren't in search of an editor then it's no problem, but even so you should keep on posting, im not much into geography myself but this video actually made me interested without even realising it!
Really enjoyed the video. Very informative and succinct. Thank you.
I thought this was a very informative video, I knew there were quite a few extant and visible craters around the world, but to get good photos of them and the data of their size and age was great!
This was super interesting and very well explained! I learned so much in these few minutes!
Great video in style, format, and presentation. I wonder if large mining companies are homing in on crater sites or have been for some time.
I'm in! I love maps. I love space stuff......and stuff from space, even when it's been gifted to us at a crazy speed (as long as I'm not under it). I also love information being presented in a much more visual style. Subbed!
I'm glad this channel got noticed by the algorithm. OzGeographics is another favorite, but its geography based, though it does have a lot of vids on impact craters.
Another channel you might like is GeologyHub. He's done a lot of videos on impact craters, as well as other topics.
Fascinating and very well presented indeed. The narrator’s voice, so often poor on lots of videos was pitch perfect. The question is, I guess, are we likely to have another one or are we looking at a recording of an earlier development stages of the universe?
I'm amazed at how many craters at northern latitudes are still visible despite having experienced several glaciation cycles.
The glaciation made them more visible by scraping away overburden.
Great work this is beautiful
What a brilliant channel I have found here wow
One thing I have noticed as very lucky is all these impacts missed the viewing platforms and souvenir shops.
Kinda wild to think Sudbury had such a massive impact all those years ago. When I think of Sudbury I usually think about Letterkenny
Very nice.
One could make endless great videos on this theme.
Well not quite endless,
because sooner or later we gonna take a hit from one of them.
beautiful video!!
Excellent video. How many ocean impacts have there been, wow ??
Great video.
Didnt they recently find a major impact around Greenland, correlating with the Youngar-Dryas event?
Hiawatha crater, under Hiawatha glacier. More recently it's been dated to about 60 million years ago, much older than previously believed.
see
Comprehensive refutation of the Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis (YDIH)
--Vance T. Holliday et al
Thanks. I liked many aspects of this video, not least: the matter-of-fact narration, tho the talking was a bit rushed. Keep it going! I was exploring a remote part of northern Thailand. Alongside a limestone hill, I found a house sized rock that had two straight/vertical sides/rifts which were at right angles to each other and connected at its corner. It was as tho the flat sides were hand-hewn, but they were 100% natural. The cracked rifts were about 3.5 ft wide. The whole thing was 2 km west of the Mae Fah Luang bridge, alongside the Kok river, in a scenic area. There are also caves there, plus a giant red fig tree where deer and monkeys used to gather.
9:40 fun fact there is a theory since Hawaii is no where near any fault lines that this impact compressed the earths mantle and squeeezed lava out the other side of the earth giving rise to Hawaii
But doesn't Hawaii sit above a known hot spot which has been creating islands for millions of years as the crust passes over it -- creating a chain of islands and seamounts that extend almost 4000 miles?
@@arkwill14yes
Hawaii is a few million years old, the South African one is billions. Not even close to around the same time
Great presentation.
This got me to thinking about a huge crater that I happened upon when working in Saudi Arabia in 1983/84 when our driving. Just checking I found what is Black Crater near Hail. With the benefit of the internet now I see it is a volcanic crater. Still very impressive.