What is FASCISM?
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 22 ส.ค. 2023
- / horsespt
/ horses.ig
SOURCES:
The Anatomy of Fascism, by Robert O. Paxton
Fascism, by Stanley G. Payne
Fascism, by Roger Griffin
A History of Fascism, 1914-1945, by Stanley G. Payne
The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind, by Gustave Le Bon
Music:
Christoffer Moe Ditlevsen - Before Daybreak
Magnus Ludvigsson - Valse Triste Niçoise
Gavin Luke - Late Night Sketches
Gavin Luke - Chance Encounter
Magnus Ludvigsson - Circus Leaving Town
Franz Gordon - Theme for Autumn
Franz Gordon - Raincoat Waltz
Rikard From - Hidden Beneath
ADDENDUM:
Fascism is a controversial topic. What I hope to have presented here is, however, a nonpartisan description of generic fascism based on authoritative academic sources and the general consensus among these sources. These sources are listed in the video’s description.
This video exists to provide a framework for understanding and identifying fascist movements (and the situations in which they thrive). It is not a narrative history of fascist philosophy. It is not a critique on any current political movements.
There is a correction I'd like to make for this video: At 3:14, this video shows the Spanish Primo de Rivera in front of a Mexican flag. This was, of course, a mistake. I don't feel this fundamentally changes the message of the video in any way, but I am sorry for the error.
Economics of Fascism
There is some disagreement amongst scholars on whether fascism has a recognizable economic system. The sources used in making this video unanimously agree that fascism has no such system, and that various fascist leaders did not work towards a common economic goal. Some scholars, additionally, argue that fascism is characterized by an lack of economic goals entirely. I have listed sources on screen during this video to substantiate certain economic descriptions, because this topic specifically is liable to some disagreement.
Totalitarianism as the Goal of Fascism
Fascism’s unifying aim is not a totalitarian system. No fascist regime has ever put forth a cohesive, complex enough plan to enact complete totalitarianism. Even Nazi germany is not widely recognized as totalitarian by political historians.
Nazis as fascists
The widespread scholarly consensus is that National Socialists were fascist. In recent years, there has been a movement saying that the Nazis were not fascist. I do not personally agree with this movement, and nor do the vast majority of academic sources I’ve found. If you would like to learn more about this, I suggest Ryan Chapman's video on the subject: The Nazis Weren't Fascist? (th-cam.com/video/0gfYbEk6rBY/w-d-xo.html&ab_channel=RyanChapman)
As always, thank you for watching. I love you all
Ew, so... Pretentious
The "movement" trying to rebrand the Nazis as non-fascist is largely lead by....well...fascists. They're trying to get away from historic fascism so they can sell you on future fascism.
@@Lscott-fk2snwhat about it?
@@maxonmendel5757 its a reference
If fascists don't have an economic goal, it's because their economic goal was the status quo. The already stablished economic system.
Capitalism's emergency button that they use every time there's a crisis and they must repress a worker revolution at all costs.
They put up a theater to blame the current crisis in everything but the current mode of production.
Mom sending me to bed by 8 pm was fascism
Parents telling me to brush my teeth is an unjustifiable hierarchy
And if you don't obey and fight back it's called revolution
At least they don't send you to the shower!
Sorry if this dark joke makes anyone sad
we shall band together a show our form of ultra nationalism (stay awake till 3am)
Socialists are very clear about what they claim is fascism - its supposed to be capitalism with the mask off. It's naked exploitation of the proletariat.
So what are socialist states like? Workers are ruthlessly exploited to profit a socialist elite. All property is controlled b a socialist aristocracy. Rural workers are forced onto socialist-run plantations and kept there against their will. An entire secret police apparatus is maintained to keep workers from escaping. Anon who makes note of this is labeled as art of the "far right" and harassed.
Socialists who left Marxism in the 1930s and 1940s were right. These people are Left fascists. Now theyre all thats left of the socialists. Left fascism is what socialism has been since the rise of Lenin.
“Fascism can’t be defined in a single sentence”
Reddit in shambles
Well it can be defined with a single sentence though...
"Everything within the state, everything for the state, nothing without the state."
Done, defined it for you, if you wanna know what that all entails, go watch an actual video about fascism, every ideology can be summed up as to their core belief in one sentance, and if someone claims it cannot, it tells you that the person does not understand the ideology at all.
@@vonvonvonvonvonvonvonvonvo7009you could definitely apply that sentence to some current non fascist countries
@@vonvonvonvonvonvonvonvonvo7009
"Everything within the state, everything for the state, nothing without the state."
nah thats not fascism, it can be any authoritarian ideology like communism wtf
@@justcallmehaterik
worth noting that in actual communism the state isnt actually supposed to even exist, and is meant to only act in an adminstrative role until power, land and resources have been adequately distributed among equal communes, thus the name Communism.
Communism as we've seen it, be it the soviets, the chinese or cubans, has been what some would call "red fascism", aka fascism dressed up with the pretense of socialist ideology.
Fascism is fascinating to me because it is founded on conflict while having the paradoxical goal or guarantee of a future fascist utopia - which in reality never comes to pass precisely because of the reliance on perpetual conflict.
i still don’t see why this is treated as facsist lore almost, while ignored as a major tool in the actions of almost all dictatorships in particular but also the more extreme authoritarian regimes. It’s basically just at its core a more extreme take on the political process of scapegoating and diverting attention to some type of generally either vulnerable minority group or belief system, or a more hyperbolic and metaphorical arch enemy, usually in the form of an entire country, religion, economic system or class and of course race.
Almost all of these types of eternal fights have been seen in post ww2 non democratic regimes (although even the US, and Western Europe did so to a smaller degree with communism and concepts like 1st world vs 2nd world, the difference is these did not stand as official state enforced beliefs and often got challenged by opposition within the west, and at least allowed discourse, it’s also evident for countries like mine bordering the iron curtain and now bordering Russia that communist expansion WAS a severe threat as the soviets wanted our arse very much) The main example i see as almost fascistic levels of this victimising and warlike nationalist indoctrination that are still never called out for it much, are the Islamic, socialist states of the 60s, and the state capitalist theocracies of modernity, in regards to either Jews, The “collective west” and of course non believers, as a less known example.
Will the main obvious example is cult of personality type communist regimes, mostly Mao who went as far as warring with Chinas own traditions and cultural heritage, ie tearing down palaces, massive renaming campaigns removing old roots, and cultural revolution declaring a simply ludicrous war on “anti revolutionary” elements including Intellectualism, Rightism, traditionalism(mostly targeting religious beliefs) and other stuff targeting basically anyone who threatened maos power under a guise of this.
The reason I go into so much detail btw is because through those examples and ideas I simply cannot see the difference between fascism and other regimes that seem to avoid that political label based on either religion or political compass leaning… i think the lack of any clear understanding of what fascism is besides the fascists own explanation and definition, and of course the facsist states and actions of ww2. But even then I’ve seen people claim Imperial Japan in ww2 WASNT fascist because Fascists have to be white supremacists apparently… yeah the definition needs work
Hmmmm, I wonder why that sounds so strangely familiar?
My understanding is that this is why it's so important for us to be diligent and not let our society give in to entropy.
Once the other systems start failing a sizeable enough chunk of the population, especially if they hold majority, than more and more fascism starts sounding appealing.
I worry that a lot of these factors are present in modern America. I really hope both parties can step away from the edge so to speak of each extreme.
The more the left and right are divided, the more it feels like they idealize fascist tools towards eachother
Sounds like communism
Yes it is founded on a conflict because it’s based on dialectical materialism. The Marxist method for solving conflicts. The term >>>THIRD
There is a mistake in minute 3:15 you said "Mexican fascism" but the person on the right is José Antonio Primo de Rivera. He was a spanish fascism representant that founded La falange española, not mexican. Good video btw
Llorele
I don't think you can consider him a fascist. Falangism is completely different than fascism
@@pandysnufkin it is typically either considered fascist or pseudo fascist due to the existing similarities, and the fact that the ideas of falangism were primarily inspired by Italian Fascism.
hahaha, he might wanted to put Jose Antonio Urquiza and ended up putting Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera
I was wondering who that was, I'm mexican and had no idea, thanks for the clarification
It should probably be mentioned that 'fasces' has more cultural significance to Italians than merely a bundle of sticks. It was a tool for the 'lictors' (enforcers) of ancient Roman authority figures to administer corporal punishment at will. It is a symbol not only of unity, but of strength, power, and the regimentation of society.
Yeah it's also how the catholic church killed millions of people by burning them at the stake.
It is an allegory, not something that matters in every day life... i 8te people who makes deductions out of details
@@pierren___a deduction would be me pointing out that fascism shares the same root word as the f-slur and acting like that means something
@@rttnkng thats my point
@@pierren___ yes i understand that is your point however your point isnt valid to op's comment. he just added an extra fun fact on an educational video and you got mad because it doesnt change your day to day life. you are the insufferable person here.
I've gone on lots of internet searches and down many rabit holes trying to get a grip on Fascism, and it's not simple. This video is great.
you watched a 25m vid in 5 minutes? impressive
@@Aztecsoviet2.5x baby
TIK has a 5 hour video with primary sources on the topic
Just read books written by fascists.
@@rabbiezekielgoldberg2497 yeah that's probably not a good idea, most people with an open mind that try reading that material tend to grow to agree with the authors, and we can't have that because they're evil wypipo
Nobody seems to pick up on how fascism was a reactionary movement for its time. Liberalism got blamed for WWI and the new-kid-on-the-block Communism was looking scary. People were trying to run away from those two ideologies and fascism offered something different; a "Third Way" it often advertised. I think you hit that fascism was tailored for that time period, and name calling people that today is mostly fruitless.
you have absolutely no idea what youre talking about
Think more before you comment
The book series Dune did a great job at displaying what a fascist regime looks like, creating the rise of a messianic figure who intentionally/unintentionally creates a system which combines religion, mysticism, and law that sweeps through their sci-if universe
Lot of themes talked about in this video essay are reflected in the books, from cult of personality to exploring the effect it has on people swept up in the awe of what’s happening to their government, and worth a read if you want to experience an interesting take, not to mention a cool sci-fi world
Фанатов Дюны в комментариях встречаю больше чем фанатов "Саги о форкорсиганах" и Джоджо...
Kind of like the antifa cult.
Are you entirely braindead or just trying to start an argument for self satisfaction?@@marcshields3677
What a nonsense lol. The author of the book openly says that imperial society is totally feudalistic. Did you even read the book?
That’s not even close to the definition lol
I'm italian and here in Italy we talk a lot about Fascism expecially in school because it's a thing that has touched us in the past and it's unequivocally part of our country's history. I'm really happy to see a content on youtube that's about this theme, well written edited and with a lot of cool informations. Keep it up man
You talk about fascism a lot because your country and many others are run by socialists, who love calling things fascist so they can present themselves as the protectors
If it werent for funny moustache fascism would be praised lol
@@lasersummit7895agreed.
Looking at what we have today.
A form of fascism-lite is exactly what we need, in the UK anyway.
But it’s too late, the rot is seeping out of the cities now.
Apparentemente le scuole non hanno avuto molto effetto🥲 guarda chi hanno eletto...
Si beh guarda, non sono qui a giudicare i gusti elettorali che una persona può avere perchè non è proprio il luogo ma onestamente penso che le persone che hanno votato per la maggiore siano state boomer, e quelli che si trovano a metà tra quello e i millenial quindi comunque il sistema era un po' diverso a partire dall'istruzione. Ovviamente parere mio quindi ci sta che uno la possa pensare diversamente@@tommasoastaldi2513
Your narration is just the right side of monotone as to be calm, clear but not dull. Your content lives up to your thumbnails. Engaging and not patronising, free from gimmicks.
Nice work.x
Fascism is when people disagree with me
I dont think so
@@jww362 yeah it is
@@jww362 youre disagreeing. Very fascist 🥵
Is when you be quiet and that information is classified its good we remade it for you
Fascism is when I have to work.
What a magnificent production. You are so delicate, dedicated and subtle with the concepts, that anyone who doesn't see the logical and rational middle ground might be almost not willing to see it. I congratulate you once again on your work. Education has such an important role to play in helping us build a better world, but education without criteria is meaningless, and I think you play precisely that: to nurture judgement, tolerance, understanding, and a broader vision of the human being and society. The last minutes are delicious, I had to stop the video and ask myself: am I missing something around me, am I really aware of what could be happening? It was phenomenal, thank you so much!
A couple of weeks ago you instantly became my favorite video essayist. Keep ‘em coming
Agreed 👍👍👍
bro.... you realize that 95% of the information in this video is incorrect? Find better educators than some youtube shmuck. This is historically illiterate. There are several archivists these days that present only factual information. Typically found on gab
yeah holy shit i remember 2 month ago this guy had like 10k-20k or something subscribers
The worlds most violently, destructive political ideology would be communism. That is a fact. Which ideology is responsible for the most deaths?
he doesnt even deserve 100 subs. He is teaching you all incorrect history@@spacecadet1333
the uniformity in the quality, and the clear, uncompromised artistic vision in each of his videos make them more than worth the watch. in 25 minutes, this single video has given me more information on the topic of fascism than the majority of my classes have prior. fantastic work on these.
This is one of the most fascinating well done videos I have ever seen.
I myself have been trying to define this and explain it to my wife and it is incredibly difficult. This was fantastic, thank you .
Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera was not Mexican. He was Spanish
You are a phenomenal essay writer friend. Can’t believe I’ve only recently discovered your channel! You deserve so much more recognition
This, yes.
do you know what "essay" means?
@@Losangelesharvey Do you know what capitalisation means?
I like your editing style, the tone in which you present and the material you have chosen. Good stuff
dude you are so good at this. you are entirely refreshing. great work.
Well damn the algorithm. I recently searched for videos on this exactly and didn't find quite what I was looking for. Then I happened on you because of videos on completely different topics, and there this was the whole time. Anyway, thank you for it. Just the explainer I was looking for.
As a historian specialized in nazism and grand son of a woman who was in the Hitler's youths, I salute the clarity and objectivity of your video! I would just add that fascism takes its roots in the denial of the Enlightment philosophy and French Revolution social order, as the beginning of the social and moral decline. It's really important to know that in order to understand why they hated individualism, democracy and why tehy were not using reason and bending science to fit their emotionnaly convincing narrative.
Be careful how you use your hands when saluting.
We Dutch people still want back our bicycles
Fascism takes rook in Enlightment philosophy. Revolution, nationalism, socialism "end of history" all originate within it. "third way" comes from Haegelian synthesis
I salute u too o/
"Not using reason and bending science" Sounds more like our current elites. They hated individualism and democracy because they saw what it would lead to, and they were right
Loved the video, but I always feel like people forget the single most successful fascist regime in history. They always mention Hitler in Germany and Mussolini in Italy, but the only fascist dictatorship that lasted well after WW2 was Francisco Franco's in Spain. He was allies with the other two mentioned dictators and managed to still be in power until his death in 1975. That is almost 40 years of uninterrupted fascist dictatorship
Edit: Ok, I didn't know that Franco being fascist or not was such a controversial topic. In Spain we have a word for people that lean towards the right political wing and usually are keen to Franco's ideologies: "facha". It's a word directly derived from "fascista" or fascist. Idk how his regime was viewed from outside of Spain, but here it's pretty clear that it was, at least, a semi-fascist dictatorship. Maybe it was not exactly the same fascism as that from the book, but it was clearly based on it and it was modified to the extend that it let him stay in power for that long.
Hi - thanks for this comment. I'm glad you brought this up.
This is what my research showed on the subject of Franco: Despite using some fascist methods, Franco is not widely agreed to have been a fascist. In fact, most scholars would agree that the Franco regime was not fascist. While close in many ways, Franco's regime held ties to the church and did not mass mobilize in the way traditional fascists do. Franco also saw himself as restoring Spain to some former version of glory. Fascists look to revolutionize a nation and create something entirely new and unprecedented.
Hope that's helpful! Thanks for watching.
Very good point. I'm old enough to have hitch-hiked through Franco's Spain.
Got picked up by the Guardia for sleeping by the roadside! Their uniforms were straight out of WW2 - all leather, jackboots, and guns. They didn't brutalise me or anything - just let me out in the morning. It was all fine - they didn't even seem angry - if anything, they were amused! French cops (ostensibly non-fascist) were much worse.
I'm also glad that Horses mentions the BUF (the British Union of Fascists). It is something that is not mentioned here in the UK much at all. But it should not be forgotten.
@@HorsesOnYT Interesting. didn't the fascists in italy had a myth of a once great italian people that dated from the roman empire? And that's where they derive the eagle symbol from? and they were just trying to make Italy great again or something like that?
And for a system that manages to have the support of the masses. Wouldn't it make sense for it to adapt to the reality of these masses. Catholicism being a very strong institution for the spanish people of the time?
To me franco's regime was clearly fascist. So was salazar's in portugal, all the latin american dictatorships, and recent political movements in countries like the USA (trump), UK (johnson), France (le pen), Italy (meloni (with several ties to the fascist party)), hungary (orban), turkey (erdogan), Brazil (bolsonaro), argentine (milei) and several others.
If they're not a carbon copy of the fascist party of italy, "neofascist" wouldn't be too much of a stretch in my opnion.
@@ciro_costa i think you are using fascism way too broadly, perhaps more like authoritarian or conservative. combining trump and mussolini is dishonest, same as combining bernie and Pol pot.
@@lonle6506 Fair. But the characteristics are there. The appeal to an idealistic time that came before. The mass appeal. The reactionarism. Combat of labour rights. Cult of "god, nation and family". The list goes on.
Very well presented, I enjoyed your balanced and unbiased presentation on a topic that as you mentioned is becoming a throw away line.
I haven’t finished but… godamn is the editing good on this video
Quickly becoming my favourite channel on TH-cam. Amazed at how prolific yet concise your work is!
Exactly what I came here to say!
I have learned so much from this channel in just a few weeks.
And artful!
His channel is awesome
I dont think that word means what you think it means.
fascism is when people I dont like do the thing I dont like
Honestly
Fascism is when you’re either based and red pilled or based and blue pilled
Watch Europa the last battle.
Based. Read Siege and The Turner Diaries as well.
Based
Good watch
Судя по комментариям видео более чем смотрибельно и я его посмотрю, а пока не начал напишу моё определение фашизма, я разобью его на основные части:
-Интегральный национализм(этнический или гражданский)
-Солидаризм(примерение социальных класов, идей, групп)
-Консолидация общества
-Культивированный милитаризм
-Национализация крупной промышленности при этом содействуя крупным предпринемателям и корпоративная экономика
-Идея о возрождении нации, ну или о перестройки мира...
Это я опредилил как базовые основы фашизма и мне кажется что я прав
Редактировано: я посмотрел, ты потрясающий ! Больше спасибо за видео, это и вправду было очень познавательно и смотреть было очень интересно !
Side note, in 3:13, the mentioned "Mexican fascist" isn't Mexican, it is Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera, a Spanish falangist.
Yes I also saw that Fangalist and Legionism are two topics that weren't mentioned
I just commented that too, I dont get how he confused him for a Mexican lol
I downvoted and stopped looking the video only for that lol
Spanish falangism seeked to unite all Hispanic countries under it
@@SVRSK he confused the names, there it was a mexican called Jose Antonio Urquiza
This video is so underrated I learned a lot from this video this feels more than a youtube video this feels like it comes out of a book
This is excellent work. Thank you!
This is probably one of the best vids on fascism I've watched. You've done a service to the world
Then your bar is set pretty low.
... incredibly low ...
How many vids on fascism have you watched??
Born yesterday head-ass
@@KrSolarRay This one and... yes.
This is genuinely one of the best video essays I’ve seen. Thank you for this wonderful video, can’t wait to see more from you.
❤️❤️ ty!
@@HorsesOnYT "Histories most violently destructive political ideology"? *AHEM* Communism & it's body count has entered the chat.
@@HorsesOnYTfascism
făsh′ĭz″əm
noun
A system of government marked by centralization of authority under a dictator, a capitalist economy subject to stringent governmental controls, violent suppression of the opposition, and typically a policy of belligerent nationalism and racism.
A political philosophy or movement based on or advocating such a system of government.
Oppressive, dictatorial control.
From The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 5th Edition.
Dude, you need to change that fact at 3:16. José Antonio Primo de Rivera was a Spanish fascist who never ruled a thing (yet his father was a so called "soft" dictator in the early 20's). Not Mexican whatsoever, man. Please
@@7y7tartufowhat do you expect them to do? TH-cam removed video annotations...
Very well done. I enjoy your work.
This was a very compelling video.
so happy to have found your channel, it’s such a refreshing change of pace and you write beautifully. A clear appreciation for art and culture.
Cultured thug explains fascism better
So happy to be here for the growth of your channel
This video is good enough to be sent in for publication in an academic journal. Really fantastic.
All I can say is WOW! I learned something about Fascism. Excellent presentation.
I can’t tell you how much I enjoy the cadence, tonality and precision of your speech. Your voice is just soothing enough to allow for ease of listening while bringing the content to the forefront. Thank you for your interesting videos and the variety of subject matter! Wether you have ties to a fancy restaurant or no, I imagine myself seated at a table with a view, enjoying a Cabernet, while listening to “Smooth subjects with the Horses guy”.
I suppose it must have been something other than the content.
Every video you post is amazing, Michael. So well made and your explanations are perfect. Thank you for creating such captivating content!! I'm glad I found you awhile back.
I've recommended this video to so many family members and co-workers.
Thanks 🤙
FINALLY, a sensible, logical and non-side-picking informative piece of media that actually helps on understanding what fascism really is. Thank you so much for doing this, you have gotten yourself a new subscriber.
Nietzsche came up, my heart stopped. Good you cleared things up. Yes, his work was utilized by the movement but they reimagined his entire philosophy, using elements that fit their message.
That is true. In my opinion Nietzsche and intellectuals in general should be cautious for the reason of misinterpretation/manipulation by others of what they have said or done. There will always be bad people and thankfully there will always be good people as well, but it pays to be mindful of how you say what you say.
did you know hitler was a massive niezsche fan
@@user-nw9kk5zw2s and? H also liked dogs. It proves literally nothing. Moreover, H was never into philosophy, he wasn't clever enough, and couldn't properly utilize it. Nietzsche is an integral part of philosophy, he has nothing to do with IIWW and its atrocities. Many philosophers are adored by questionable people. Their philosophy being distorted doesn't mean it's evil. I study philosophy, and trust me, the übermenschen is not related to what people think. Nowadays, stoics are being devalued and misinterpreted by alphabros but their lack of actual passion and focus don't take from the core of the philosophy. You can read "Also sprach Zarathustra" with sensible commentary for yourself, and you'll see it has nothing to do with evil or domination. Nietzsche himself never identified with the idea of übermenschen. It's a story of loneliness, responsibility that noble knowledge Zarathustra wants to share with the world. You'll find no evil in Nietzsche's writings and people from all political spectrums acknowledge his lack of involvement in IIWW events. There were other "thinkers"involved in etho-research. I don't wanna be banned, so I won't get into it. But let the poor Friedrich be. He had a difficult life and a horrible end, we don't need to add to his issues calling him a nzi because the idea of übermenschen was misused. The same professor who taught us Marx's materialism, cried telling the story of Nietzsche loosing his ability to write, slowly becoming a prisoner of his bed 😭
please, as if we were told the truth about him. @@zogwort1522
I bet you've never even read nietzche, nietzche's logical conclusion clearly lead to fascism, that a country and people have self-determination.
really appreciate your work, man. discovered your channel less than a month ago and it's one of my favorites already. keep up with the good work!
I feel like all my cousins watched this video and then came to thanksgiving dinner like they had some sort of doctorate in political science lol. Great video. Made for a very intriguing lunch break.
Another outstanding video. Thank you.
This essay was decent but there are several things I take issue with. First of all, it's inappropriate to lump fascism and national socialism together. They're two distinct ideologies that developed independently of each other.
The fascists were radical syndicalists that broke ranks with the Italian Socialist Party over WW1, which they believed would weaken the capitalist empires of Europe, creating fertile ground for a socialist revolution.
National socialism was predicated on racial consciousness. Hence the Nazis obsession with racial hygiene (eugenics).
And if we're going off chronology, Anton Drexler founded the German Workers' Party in Jan 1919, two months before Mussolini founded the Italian Fasces of Combat. Which means national socialism predates fascism.
And while it's true that fascists and national socialists romanticized the past, the societies they idolized were not the same. The fascists modeled Italy after Julius Caesar's Rome. The national socialists modeled Germany after Frederick the Great's Prussia.
You're correct about the etymology of fascism but that isn't what Mussolini was referring to. Fascism was an homage to the Fasci Siciliani, consevative socialists in Sicily that formed syndicates called fasci.
It's also incorrect to claim that fascism has no economic system. The fascist economy is based on an economic theory called corporatism or corporativism as Mussolini called it. Workers are organized into syndicates which are then organized into national monopolies called corporations. These corporations are then integrated into the national government. In Mussolini's Italy this governing body was called the National Council of Corporations.
Lastly, I have to scoff at the ridiculous assertion that fascism is the most destructive ideology in history. Even if you ignore the fact that national socialism and fascism are separate ideologies, the destruction wrought by "fascism" still pales in comparison to communism. Not just in terms of death toll but in human suffering. To say nothing of the environmental damage inflicted by communist regimes. And yet, one ideology is incessantly demonized while the other is given a free pass. Why do you suppose that is?
@sydmccreath4554 much obliged sir
It took a while to find this comment below many other comments with less peer approval. I wonder, why is that?
Fascism is simply a response to the rapid individualism, materialism, and secularism corrupting our world today. I hope it gets a foothold again, I’d take a Fascist government over a “liberal democracy” any day!
No fascism is pure evil.
I've loved seeing your skyrocket in sub count. I subbed when you were at about 60k, which is by no means small, but it's been wild to see it shoot up so fast. Well deserved. My gf isn't very into most TH-cam content, but I was able to show her your video about Hemmingway and it moved us both to tears. Keep doing what you're doing -- look forward to whatever comes in the future.
For all of you who want to see a list of what might help us identify fascist or fascistoid systems is the 14 features of fascism by Umberto Eco. It is obviously not perfect, it misses a few things that should have been there but it describes them really well!
Eco's list is useless, since not only is the list too vague and generic but also specifically because of that, it can be applied to any totalitarian, authoritarian and dictatorial regime. Also Eco even denied Fascism being an ideology in the first place. He is completely clueless.
@Historia.Magistra.Vitae. Fascism does lack a pathos of any kind and it was basically just invented for morons that think political power should be worshipped on a weird level.
23:23 - 24:00 ive re-watched this video a few times and every time I hear this I genuinely get full body chills
Also, I am in love with your editing, It's like watching a mini documentary, but for FREE!
I swear I learn so much from each and every video on this channel. So much amazing information all narrated and presented beautifully. Keep up the great work!
Great video, but I was really confused at the lack of mention of the Japanese regime. It differed significantly in some ways from its European counterparts (for example, finding its ideological footing in Ludendorff's _Der totale Krieg_ instead of _Mein Kampf_ ), yet still was pure fascism.
Also, one of the key characteristics of fascism is famously presented as an Italian idiom of the time: _Me ne frego_ -- I don't give a damn.
Your video implies populistic mass participation of the populace in politics (specifically, support of the ideology), but in reality, once in power, fascism always focused on stopping the population from participating in politics, be it Germany, Italy or Japan.
I guess this supports your initial statement about fascism being amorphous, but I was still a bit confused as to why you never mentioned these famous aspects of the regimes.
Cheers.
Japan was not fascist, it had some factors such as Authoritarianism, expansion via imperialism and heavy promotion of uniformity of thought and violence, but it also lacked other factors such as Paramilitarism, A single party dictatorship (the government was a coalition) and the Palingenesis or rebirth that is needed, the cult of personality was around the emperor who was a meant to be a figurehead and was portrayed as a divine being above politics. Japan was more of an example of Authoritarian conservatism.
Are you telling me, the guy who had conceived the word fascism, doesn’t know what it means? 😂
To me, personally;
Horse’s writing style is a rich, churning mixture of Jacob Geller, Machine Thinking, and LEMMiNO.
His retelling of The Golden Globe Race and the subsequent disappearance of Donald Crowhurst is by far the best I’ve seen.
Qxir did a video on the topic which it wasn’t bad by any means.
But, last night I was hooked for the entire 45 minute run time of Horse’s video: “Madness at Sea.”
It was a great watch and I would definitely recommend.
(A bit long winded and brown nosey, I know. But, I just wanted to say good job and you’ve got a new subscriber.)
💪🏼😎👍🏼
Very nice, we got very similar taste in creators and their content.. I will have to check Machine thinking, since that is the only one I didn't discover yet.. Have a great day!
@@relight6931
He doesn’t have a whole lot of content; I suggest the one about how the invention of screws shaped the entire modern world. Or the one where he talks about making a perfectly flat surface with nothing to start from. How you could take three stones, A,B, and C. Something about how only rubbing A and B together wouldn’t work because they would only mate up with one another so you add the third stone as a sort of gauge letting you know that once all three stones can mate up perfectly flat and interchangeably then you can be certain they are, indeed, perfect.
It’s a neat video.
Don’t get me wrong, I like lots of content but these quasi-educational videos are great. I think they’re called video essays.
Jacob does a lot of his essays on video games which I think is just great. His video on the Uncanny Reality of Silent Hill is probably one of his best.
This video is incredible and thoughtful. Really appreciate your effort for quality like this, absolutely important especially in today’s era.
facism is when someone says something mean to me
Fascism is a political and social philosophy that imbues a fervent adoration for one's nation and its people. This ideology venerates the nation and its interests, placing them at the very center of its value system. The emotional state of nationalistic devotion to the country and its folk is a fundamental cornerstone of Fascism, as it seeks to preserve and promote the well-being of the nation as a whole.
The Fascist doctrine is rooted in the belief that the nation is the highest form of collective identity and that it represents a sacred and indivisible entity. It is a philosophy that values the collective over the individual, as it recognizes that the well-being of the nation is inextricably linked to the well-being of its citizens. As such, the interests of the nation and its people are synonymous and inseparable.
Fascism, therefore, champions the cause of the nation and its people by defending their interests against external and internal threats. It is an ideology that seeks to promote the welfare of the nation by encouraging social cohesion and national unity, while denouncing anything that undermines these values. In doing so, it seeks to establish a strong and stable state that is capable of withstanding any challenges to its sovereignty and independence.
In conclusion, Fascism is an ideology that holds a deep and passionate love for the country and its folk. It is an emotional state that is rooted in the belief that the nation is the highest form of collective identity, and it seeks to promote the well-being of the nation by defending its interests against all threats.
half of my final year in my history degree was a study of european fascism and fascism in the modern world and i have to say seeing the likes of payne and griffin appear in your analysis really lends credence to your words. Youve clearly done the legwork on research, top notch mate. one thing id argue on though, when i was doing my paper on it i interpreted palingenetic not as revolutionary but as reactionary. a rebirth from the perceived attacks upon society i.e franco and his propaganda that the catholic church in spain was under attack and as we see today with fascists espousing views against the perceived attacks on "society" by equal rights movements. Calling palingeneticism revolutionary just wasnt how i would define it.
You’re right, there is nothing revolutionary about Fascism
I guess you could define palingeneticism as both reactionary and revolutionary (if that’s not an oxymoron). Fascists don’t just oppose social progress and reform, but they actively seek to revert society to an idealised, distant past through revolutionary methods (ie. paramilitary violence). I might be reaching there though, I haven’t properly studied fascism since Christmas
@@willkp50 revolution is difficult to define, just like fascism. certainly the debate has never been settled- even among tendencies like anarchism or marxism, which place the idea of revolution at the very center of their theories, there is always internal disagreement over what defines both revolution and reactionary counterrevolution. its probably worth noting that none of these left wing movements consider a military coup to be revolutionary, while fascists absolutely would, with the reigns of state power trading hands (albeit outside of the lawful channels) instead of being defeated and dismantled. Franco's regime was absolutely a partially successful military coup, and both Hitler and Mussolini undermined the governments they belonged to from within and both were able to seize power without armed conflict.
@@willkp50 "they actively seek to revert society to an idealised, distant past"
I'm not sure how this is accurate? What past are they reaching for? I find the concepts of Fascism as entirely modern.
@@JimbotheoneThe italians went for the roman empire and the germans for HRE and German Empire. Its called third reich for a reason.
Every single time I ask for a definition for what's fascism I get 1 of 4 outcomes:
1. Get blocked.
2. Get told to use google.
3. Get told that "It can mean so many things and is such as complex topic, there are just so many different variants of fascism and you may just need to look at it from a different angle"
4. "You".
Super helpful.
It hurts because most definitions of fascism found online, they include the term right wing, but if you remove that meaningless term.... You get a straight up definition of communism. Then you look up what political ideologies the founders of fascism had... and all of them were socialists with a few marxists. It's an authoritarian ideology born from socialism where the party controls both the state and the businesses so similar to communism that after the starvation period, communist nations become fascist ones.
I prefer option 4. look and behold; here I am.
@@Solarsurfer88 "So fascism is when I'm against authoritarian governments, against discrimination, and love dogs? Nice"
@@juanrodriguez9971 choose your own adventure
I get told "Nazi Germany" and nothing else
Another very important factor for the rise of fascism, is when the elites found themselves threatened by the classes below it, in all these countries in wich fascim arised, the communists, and other working class movements, started to became bigger and bigger, the communist party whas the biggest one in germany, in itally the anarchists and communists started to gain power. The upper classes supported, both financially and ideologically the fascists parties, in order to either suffocate the working classes, and deviate their attention from them, pointing the cause of people's misery to be the immigrants, the jewish, hommossexual's and "moral decadency" (one common trait of fascists is the fact that, absolutelly every single problem in society, derives from a moral rootcause) not a material one, like economical crisis, poor working conditions, exploitantion of cheap labour etc..
This is fantastic, I really applaude you.
This channel is going to go far. Love your editing style, keep up the good work!
Best video I’ve seen in awhile. Reminds me that there is actual skill and dedication in people rather than mindrotting TikTok and TH-cam videos. Nice one!
Deep thoughts.
Yes. Let's get started, and never give up.
I plan on sharing this video with the folks who just don't get it...
You should make more comprehensive videos like these about other political ideologies. Keep up the great work!
Like zionism !
your editing is so captivating
Thanks for mixing the Pot.
The most important scholar and theorist of Fascism as an ideological typology is A. James Gregor. You should do a follow-up video responding to his work.
I love this video, so much. Much of it isn't new information to me by now, but the merit of that information being succinctly packaged with care and purpose cannot be understated. It was emotionally moving to watch this and just reflect
I really dig the style of your video here, how it effortlessly carries us from one idea to the next. Your video makes no promises, yet it delivers us to a poignant understanding of this terrible thing that evades definition by showing us what it HAS been. Great job! I look forward to seeing more.
People in the comments choosing only black or white whether you're a nationalist or a Communist like there is no any other regular ideologies
They're like children
Yeah its kinda sad to see a lack of common nuance of thought
In Europe we only consider Mussolini the one true fascist. What governments in Germany, Portugal and Spain and later in countries like Romania or East Germany are considered dictatorships. It's true Mussolini and Hitler had much in common but Hitler's regime was sustained by intensive domestic propaganda once the Bundestag was under the Nazis rule and in Italy Mussolini enforced his power with muscle and had his fascios on high alert throughout all his regime (Italy had a strong deep underground communist movement). While its true there's no rigid economic system these regimes of similar nature had an obsession with industry, national products and a trade balance on plus and high gold reserves. National banks strongly regulated by the political sphere. These principles were meant to keep the white collars under tight leash as well. Fascists and dictators only like to be friends with the military.
This was an exceptional crystallization of an abstract idea.
I feel the same yearning for simplicity as those who trade their capacity for critical thought in for an undying loyalty to a universal father figure. Every cell in my body resists this giving in though, because evil is as simple as the willingness to sit back while state-sanctioned violence happens to someone that isn't you.
Fascism: appealing to a group sentiment and trying to elevate that group above all others
Would highly recommend Jon Meades’ “Jerry Building: Mussolini, Monuments and Modernism” as a more lyrical exploration of this same topic (not to take away from this excellent vid)
Anything but flawless but absolutely marvelous
I'd argue the first Fascist philosopher (Giovanni Gentile) was correct in his description of Fascism.
Fascism is a deification of the State. In the way a theocracy would say it obeys the will of God, a Fascist would say it obeys the will of the State.
This is also why Mussolini described the Fascist State as "ethical" (meaning having an ethic, not meaning good)
The State is a god whom all are beholden to.
It's not "ultra-nationalism" because a nation and a State are not the same thing.
Far too much of this discourse has been tainted by people trying to push their political point of view onto a view which isn't their own as a way to lionize their position in contrast to their opposition
And if anyone claims that states and nations are the same thing, point out that every nation has a state, but states do not have nations. They are the government of a nation.
You mean a guy who invented Fascism knew what Fascism is? no way Fascism is just a generic bad bad man with mustache bad guy, didn't you watch the video?
@@FilipCordashey my man ever heard of something called lying?
I have no idea how you are so dimwitted that you can't grasp the concept of someone lying. Either that or you are just intentionally lying yourself. Which, since you try to frame people calling fascism by what it is as "trying to paint an ideology in a bad light" seems like a big possibility.
Anyways, gentile and mussolini were both nutorious liars, mussolini lied so much and switched up his statements so much that there is an entire wikipedia section just on his lying 😂.
If you take mussolinis words unctitically or take gentiles words uncritically you are simply not academically enclined. Primary sources are never too be taken at face value uncritically. It's a simple rule
This is nonsensical. Hans H. Hoppe is a fascist and an anarcho-capitalist.
@@FilipCordasfascism is bad
weird that needs to be said to you filip
Excelent explanation. I've never heard a better definition of such a complex and loaded word.
Great explanation 👍
Fascism is when my mom won't let me have my tostinos pizza rolls
Such a captivating video essay with amazing visuals. Keep it up brother!
There's one thing about Fascism is they always have relationship with nostalgia as a sort of a fire to warm their palms in a never ending winter that is their nation's ever changing environment. I see this pattern in every Fascist that use the "Back then we were xyz and now we are xyz". Mosley, Adolf and Benito always look at the past as of a manual to learn from rather than a event of warning. And suprisingly they fall faster than the empires they try to imitate.
"Putin"
not everything in the past is bad
its also worth remembering that they rose faster than these empires too. in a few years germany went from bread costing 500.000 marks to building highways and cheap cars for people. also went from 6.5 mill workers out of job to 3m. if there's anything that brings downfall to any nation its expansion. they never did anyone any good. maybe the british, but thats debatable. but yes, at least adolf and benito expanded in an unapologetic manner and unsustainably too. hence why they rose quickly, but fell even quicker.
@@satriabagaskara4198 From an economic standpoint, it makes a lot of sense. They see a time when the economy was better, and push to try and reach that point. But since it’s a short-sighted strategy ideology, they push for unsustainable production in the short term instead of permanent shifts in production possibilities.
There’s also the confusion of correlation vs causation: thins were better because strong men were in charge, instead of because of the years of work put into building the country to the point it was.
Edit: I should specify that this is pretty speculative. I’m currently an economics 1 student, so it’s on the mind, but not really something that I have a super nuanced understanding of. If anyone who knows more would like to share, I’m always down to learn.
And yet it’s incredibly important to remember the past had, like today, a vast amount of competing viewpoints, experiences and agendas in not only the actual primary perception of the cause and effect of historical events (ie leaving out background often on things like the first crusade) but also the retelling and accurate preserving of accurate sources over censorship or propaganda of the past. Therefore if we fail to ever give the “positive” viewpoint of the past, often by focusing on the acts of elites, politicians and warlords over the largely human struggle for mere happiness and family of the common folk ie 95% of history and your ancestors, you can also risk demonising the past such as modern North American society seems to sadly be trending towards. This is, just like glorifying the past, reliant on one sidedness and hyper fixation on modern perceptions and modern false equivalence to create a narrative that pushes, in both cases, towards an insultingly ignorant and straight up false idea of the past, ruining the idea of learning from history to improve, or in the case of demonising the past, specifically demonising only certain actions and cultures within the past, almost claiming they CANNOT be learned from, except to avoid and fight against everything they supposedly stood for.
Ignoring how fascism is the merger of corporate and state power and capitalism in decay is a massive flaw. Political discourse without an economic analysis will always be surface level.
_"Ignoring how fascism is the merger of corporate and state power"_
It was not. There was no merging of any kind, nor was there any "corporate power". Fascism was strictly State power.
_"and capitalism in decay "_
Wrong. Fascism had nothing to do with capitalism whatsoever. On the contrary, it was a socialist ideology which strictly opposed capitalism. If anything, Fascism was marxism in decay, since many saw Marxist-Leninism fail and switched into (National) Syndicalism instead, also known as "Yellow socialism".
@@Historia.Magistra.Vitae. Fascism literally maintained all core characteristics of capitalism: private ownership of the means of production, commodity production, wage labor, and market mechanisms.
Furthermore, state-owned enterprises such as power plants, steel mills, banks, railways, insurance firms, steam shop companies, and ship yards were handed over to private owners in both Italy and Germany. Fascist paramilitary groups were also used to suppress labor unionists, socialists, and communists.
There’s a reason Ettore Conti, an Italian industrialist, stated that, “Mussolini was the candidate of the plutocracy and the business associations.” In Germany, the capitalist class supplied the Nazis with motor cars, loudspeakers, and funds for various sub-organizations.
To summarize: fascism maintains all core characteristics of capitalism, the fascist state was used to aid the capitalist class, and the capitalist class provided support to fascist governments. These are all pretty basic historical facts.
@@arthurmorgan1550 _"Fascism literally maintained all core characteristics of capitalism:"_
Wrong. They maintained none.
@@arthurmorgan1550 _" private ownership of the means of production, "_
Wrong. Government controlled the means of production via Corporatism.
Great video
Hey what books were they burning? We should look into that.
Books by Jewish people , communist books , socialist books , books on sexology. Karl Marx's books were the first books burned in Germany....
Yes, seems like a certain political group is awfully similar to the NatSocs. Hmm.
@@Water_Destroys_Magnets good
@@TouringWolf42like leftists? Yes
Sir, yet another coming through to say, I appreciate the incredibly large amount of work that went into this video.
It is becoming increasingly difficult to even find the information to create any type of video or study on this topic ( or most topics for that matter ).
Ty ❤️❤️❤️
If you want to learn what it is, the best 3 books are…
1. Origins and doctrine of fascism, by Giovanni Gentile
2. The philosophy of fascism, by Mario Palmeri
3. The coming corporate state, by Raven Thomson (which showed not only a syndicalist mode of production was possible for their economic ideas).
Fascists were pretty prolific writers so there’s plenty of primary sources on the ideology
The bundle of rods stood for caning punishment, the axe for capitol punishment symbolizing the authority of the consul. That's why the lictores carried the fascis in front of them in ancient rome it symbolized the states power over the life and body of his subjects
Beautifully comprehensive in articulation.
Fascism is the passive exploitation of Mood to facilitate Brutality in the guise of Self Preservation.
Mood is constituted of sentiments. Experiences. Not as Experienced. But as historical narratives manifested into Real Life plays...
As a Reminder.
I love your channel; The style, the pace, the content, the editing, the subjects and most importantly the effort you put into not showing your part of a group. It's so refreshing to see a channel thats able to talk about political/societal/philosophical subjects while not actively trying to push some stupid personnal agenda. As long as I can't tell where you belong It always keeps me guessing on what you''ll say next, as well as keeps away most the bulshit that comes with claiming to be in a group
aboslutely amazing video, as a sociology student, i can still see a lack of critical thinking towards political standpoints among the academic realm. This video is truely educational and crtical towards this sensetive topic.
He's wrong on several things in this video. Do your own research. Read Giovanni Gentile if you actually want to know what fascism is.
If you have studied "sociology" at university and talk about the "academic realm" you're most certainly part of the most leeching worthless "intellectual" group of trash amongst society. This is not a political statement, I just hate the professional managerial class of leeches who always butt in in every discussion of ideas they cannot define or comprehend.
As a sociology student how do you feel about zionism?
@@Iron_Wyvern the same giovanni gentile that was closely associated with mussolini?
@@Iron_Wyvern care to enlighten us on what those things are?
"There's no unifying economic system under Fascism."
WHAT IS CORPORATISM??!!
The economical system of every Fascist State. 🙄
Corporation as in Syndicate. Fasci was the name of the Italian Trade Unions. Fascism is literally National Syndicalism with a philosophy of Actualism. Corporation meant literally an organ of the body.
Spengler didn't advocate for a Caesar figure, he merely thought this is part of the cycle of history. Spengler did not believe civilization could be "saved" from itself but that it's natural cycle will be followed inevitably.
Great video. It’s important to keep things as academic as possible when appealing to a broad crowd in order to maintain the message, and you did that very well. Some people feel the need to dumb down this kind of content, but I think people are smart enough to grapple with complex ideas.
I feel like this video is saying that only historical fascists are fascists so we shouldn't be allowed to define it as a political theory or point out any similarities in today's governments.
@@JohnSmith-mc2zzI kind of got that vibe too, but idk if that was intentional or accidental.. It's concerning, especially after reading project 2025. We need to be talking about that more as it's a direct threat happening right now. I worry vids like this will only muddy the waters when facing real fascist characteristics like with project 2025 or other political issues of today. I do think people are too eager to jump towards whatever scary word is popular atm & that's very problematic on its own. However pointing out characteristics are also still important too.
@@ShinyNix86 I think if you're an avowed leftist you have an alternative definition of fascism which includes many conservatives and some liberals, in contradiction to this video. I agree the Republican agenda in our lifetime has been and will continue to be very sinister. Strangely, I think the "fascism" laid out in this video describes many self-described "Marxist-Lenninist" governments, the prime example today being China. Liberalism is under strong political attack, and people like social democrats and some anarchists are also inclined to defend it while simultaneously criticizing it.
this video is mentally weak and afraid to make a point. fascism and communism are almost the same, except fasciism doesn't own but only controls. Fascism and communism are central power systems, which make them both leftist. Right wingers want small government, no centralization and self defence being more important than having a police state like leftist regimes. Woke isa fasciist tool like hating jews was for Germany. It's identity politics.
In canada we had banks freeze accounts for political opinions. tHe video maker here maybe is too afraid to understand his side is fasciist.
In Canada we have a merger of banks, government, media, and corporations. We have a government that funds the media and controls the algorithms of the whole internet here./
Fasciism isn't so hard to understand. Anyone trying to make it difficult to understand is trying to fool you.
@@JohnSmith-mc2zz Modern fascists like the group Casapound take their main inspiration from the Jamahiriya of Muamar Gaddafi and talk of emulating China, and are also far more Pan-European seeing Italy as 1 part of a Europe that views the United States as the enemy of a forming Eurasia. This is very different from 20th century fascism so it’s important to focus on the core ideas
Her: you have such good taste in fashion
“Im quite the fascist🗿”
I remember when chump said ...
" at heart im a nationalist"
He never said it again after that one time because his people told him it was turning people off.
Woodrow Wilson is a textbook example of someone with high minded liberal ideas making things 10x worse.
Same with FDR. Its sickening that people treat him like a hero.
Woodrow Wilson was a monster.
The '14 Points' was a very important concept.
I'm also thinking LBJ's War on Poverty and what it did to the black community, though the social definition of liberal has changed a lot since then so my understanding of high-minded liberal may be flawed.
What high minded liberal ideas did he espouse? It’s extremely easy to be a liberal when it gets you in power. The way he used his power was authoritarian and unprecedented.