This video took about four months to make and wouldn't be possible without my supporters on Patreon. So I want to start by giving a huge thanks to them. If you'd like to chip in and support me check out www.patreon.com/rchapman. Video notes below: I designed 'we think with the blood of our nation' to be a memorable phrase that can help people identify fascism. That being said, it's not formulated like a formal definition and needs more nuances in order to stand as one, so I regret calling it a definition. The phrasing was meant to invoke a fanaticism behind a singular nationalist mass movement. Fascism does not tolerate other principles conflicting with its nationalism (something that distinguishes it from more moderate forms of nationalism that might be content, for example, existing in a democracy). Fascism's nationalism wants to impose itself on others. Other ways of thinking are obstacles to fascists that need to be removed. Political or economic systems like socialism or capitalism, as stated in the video, are only tolerated if they're believed to be helping the fascist cause. They're dropped, attacked or modified as needed. The 'we' in 'we think with the blood of our nation' means a collective of people thinking together as a political mass movement. Fascism has to be in the context of mass politics. It gains its power and legitimacy by inciting mass enthusiasms, making it a phenomenon of the modern era when political legitimacy was seen in terms of popular support. It's not something used to describe the rule of emperors or monarchs, who hold themselves to be sovereign - the highest political authority. Fascists leaders, by contrast, hold the nation to be more important than themselves. Everything they do, they do for the nation. They merely know and have the power to act in its interests. A tighter albeit more awkward re-rephasing might go something like 'We think together with the blood of our nation *and will tolerate nothing else*.' The phrase really just gets your foot in the door for understanding and identifying fascism, similar to how 'the abolition of private property' gets your foot in the door for understanding and identifying communism. Translating it into a formal definition would look something like: 'fascism is a political ideology that conceives ideal political life as being wholly governed by a singular conception of national consciousness.' You could also think of it as the rough right-wing equivalent to communism. Communists want to total political control over their state for a single conception of a socialist cause, just as fascists want total control over their state for a singular conception of a nationalist cause. I also think that Roger Griffin's definition is a good one, but again it's complex. If you want to remember Griffin's more easily, I think you can do fine reducing it down to the last part: 'populist ultra-nationalism.' To use that, you have to understand what populism is (I've made a video on it). More self-criticism: I simplified the conditions in Germany before Nazi rule down to hyperinflation and constraints from the Treaty of Versailles. There were about 16 years of turmoil between WWI and the Nazis coming into power and I wish I spent at least another sentence or two fleshing that context out. Hyperinflation was a factor behind the early success of the Nazi party and led Hitler to mount a failed coup in 1923, but it only lasted about two years. When Hitler came into power, he did it by riding a wave of despondency coming from another economic crisis: the Great Depression. The Treaty was still seen as a major villainous constraint on Germany at the time, but there was more emphasis on it being a national humiliation and military constraint than an economic constraint. The broad point is that economic conditions were quite bad (in all but a few years in the mid-late '20s), and Hitler (and many Germans) believed that Germany was being humiliated and needed to rise to its glorious potential. Fascism was their means of doing it. Some commenters also think I claimed that there have only been two fascist movements: interwar Italy and Germany. What I actually said is that they are the only two movements that have remotely uncontroversially earned the label (a point widely accepted among fascism scholars). You can make the case that other movements have been fascist. My point was that the fascism described in this video (which stuck close to our accepted scholarly understanding of it) should be the basis for identifying fascism elsewhere. Spain under Franco is the next 'fascism' people tend to pick, but that label tends to come from foreigners and not the Spanish themselves (at least from that time period). Most professional analysis I've seen rejects the label and argues that Franco's fascism was superficial. They claim he adopted fascist imagery and slogans to (successfully) get war support from Italy and Germany, and if you look at what he believed, his movement, his rule, then you'll see it wasn't fascist. More of a conservative military dictatorship. I plan on making a video on it at some point. I saw some people say Hitler wasn't a Catholic or take offense to the passing remark I made about his Catholicism. I think it's safe to say that he wasn't a Catholic in the traditional sense, but he was raised Catholic, claimed he believed in God (shown in the video), and also claimed to be a Catholic fairly late in his life. As he put it to his army adjutant Gerhard Engel in 1941: "I am now as before a Catholic and will always remain so" (from Engels' diary: 'At The Heart of the Reich'). I called it 'his Catholicism' and left it at that. One last thing: it seems a lot of people think 'National Socialism isn't Fascism,' which gets some basic things wrong and I think is a message being spread by other TH-camrs. My response to that is in this video: th-cam.com/video/0gfYbEk6rBY/w-d-xo.html - Ryan
@Ryan Chapman, 0:47 Germany was under National-Socialism, NOT Fascism. There's a difference. FASCISM DEFINED | The Difference between Fascism and National Socialism: th-cam.com/video/qdY_IMZH2Ko/w-d-xo.html A Short History of Mussolini and Fascism | TIKhistory WW2 Q&A 18: th-cam.com/video/06vJY9nLMXU/w-d-xo.html And here's one big one about Nazism. Hitler's Socialism | Destroying the Denialist Counter Arguments: th-cam.com/video/eCkyWBPaTC8/w-d-xo.html
This fusion of spirituality and nationality is likely why fascism is so hard for people to understand. It behaves more like a cult than a well-defined political ideology.
@@Thelatenightchipshopexperience Of course. The Communist Manifesto original draft was called "Draft of a Communist Confession of Faith" Bukarin literally referred to Marxism as a Cult as well. Most Collectivism relies on cultic behavior, forms of education and blind obedience. This includes Nationalism.
@@Thelatenightchipshopexperience this is such an idiotic statement, no most political ideologies are not cult like, most populism type of political ideologies are.
@@Thelatenightchipshopexperience Well, with the unfortunate side effect of playing both ends against the middle, ensuring destruction of any 'side'. This sort of ethical chameleon is inconsistent and just as detrimental to any policy as it may be beneficial. There is something consistent, however.. it will always support whatever hierarchy benefits it, regardless of consequence to others.. and to that end, it's only real agenda is betrayal and opportunism. Or in other words, it's sociopathic. A centrist would support a slaver, a fascist, a socialist, colonizer, or colony, for their own gain. They would be cult-like, in as far as they can use the cult, while in denial of their complicity. Frankly, compartmentalization doesn't make for a political policy, though if it did, it would desire one that is most exploitative, and would require a fair amount of gaslighting to navigate.
It's becoming increasingly difficult to find high quality content on TH-cam these days... But this was gripping, well delivered, and informative. Thanks muchly
He is simply lying to you like all the other indoctrinated millennials. No flavor of European Socialism is actually "right wing" at all. Communism, far left wing. Fascism is a little less far left wing. If youre so dumb you consider Adolf a European Socialist "right wing" then where is George Washington on your silly ignorant fake political spectrum?
I wouldn’t say this is “high quality”. I can shoot holes through this entire video, even just starting out it makes assumptions that 1. Fascism bad (why? dEmOkRaCy ain’t lookin so hot these days), 2. Fascism uses crowd pol and propaganda so it’s evil. The GAE is so manipulative and thoughtless for it’s staff not even people any more, it would make Le Bon blush. At least Fascist govs love THEIR OWN. In 500 years the founding stock of US will be totally replaced. So I ask, who was right? If our grandfathers knew what would be done to their grandkids 100 years later they would have thrown down their weapons, or even fought for Uncle A. Now go ahead and ban my comment, cut my tongue out. Prove me right, communist bullies. We should have listened.
'The masses have never thirsted after truth. They turn aside from evidence that is not to their taste, preferring to deify error, if error seduce them Whoever can supply them with illusions is easily their master, who ever attempts to destroy their illusions easily their victim' -Gustave Lebon: 'The Crowd: a study of the popular mind' 1895
I'm thankful to you for uploading such high quality lessons, the kind of lectures one would get only in a university, free of charge to the internet. Thank you. It's a service you are doing.
I’m italian. First of all, great video, you summed up the italian situation pretty well (even though there are some aspects that should be described more thoroughly to give a truly comprehensive view of our situation but I understand that if it were to be done this video would have been 3 hours long). One thing that didn’t allow Italy to become a truly totalitarian fascist state is that, unlike germans who (because of the legacy of protestantism) could somewhat homogenously speak german, Italy (especially in the south) had very low rates of italian literacy, and the country was strongly divided culturally in many pockets of different languages and cultures. And that’s why a huge number of italians never really subscribed to the idea of “italian supremacy” because many of them didn’t even consider themselves italian and honestly didn’t even cared to consider themselves one (especially in the South). Fascists tried to “italianize” Italy but they didn’t really succeed because of scholastic dispertion, poverty and overall a lack of care by huge swats of the population, and they managed to rise to power only because said poor, illiterate people (because of their situation) didn’t participate at all in the political life. I’m going to tell you an anecdote to clear this thing. When Hitler came and visited Italy in the late 30s, he visited Naples (my city, third largest in Italy and the most important military port in the country). During the parade, in total silence, Hitler and Mussolini greeted from a car with the fascit salute. In the total silence a voice from a old man rang out, saying “ma ch stann facienn? Vern si afora chiove?” (In neapolitan: “what are they doing? They’re checking if it’s raining?”) which gives you a very good portray of how the poor people saw fascism as a whole, and they were too concerned with their poor situation. Great video, keep it up!
You are right that protestantism in Germany with Luther's translation of the bible made a decisive contribution to the spread of the standard language and of literacy in general. However, like Italy, Germany was (and is) "strongly divided culturally in many pockets of different languages and cultures", as you put it. The division into protestant and catholic regions even contributed to this. Only the victory of protestant Prussia over catholic Austria (and it's many german allies) - which was of course a part of Germany and on the other hand had far reaching interests in its multi-ethnic empire, including parts of Italy - created the Protestant preponderance in 1866 and made Germany more "german" by excluding the ethnic minorities (the Czechs, etc.) under Austrian rule all together with Austria as a whole. There was fierce resistance to this, for example in Bavaria and the Rhineland. It was the tremendous economic success of Germany, of the whole project of the prussian-dominated empire, combined with the mass nationalism and imperialism that was rising all over Europe, that created an extremely passionate, maybe "desperate" and aggressive German national feeling, in the sense that Ryan describes it. This led to the First World War. The defeat and the Peace Treaty of Versailles, which was felt to be humiliating, made possible a victim myth that maybe always seems essential to me in order to join a population into a homogenous people (Volk) in the sense of blood and soil (Blut und Boden). Italy in contrary was a winner of the war and was a liberal monarchy right from it's unification while Germany only became one after it's defeat. The once so strong 19th century liberalism in Germany had been decisivly weakend by Prussias conservative dominance so that there was a much better basis for authoritarian politics in Germany. This proofed true during the Weimar Republic which never had strong sympathies among the majority of the people except for maybe the first months after the war and revolution before the Versailles treaty (by which I do not mean that without Versailles the republic may have succeeded).
Not only the Southern Question as it was called, but there was the fact that Italians just didn’t go along with authority well. Their willingness to ignore demands of the government they do evil things, referred to in history as the banality of good, kept Italian Fascism from the depravities of National Socialism. But it was the people not the government that stayed the hands of evil. Fascism was mild until Mussolini became partnered with Hitler and was forced as the junior partner to bend to German will especially in the killing of the Jews. The anti-Jew laws only came to Italy in 1938. Deportation of Jews only under German occupation.
Ryan you have nailed it yet again with ONE SMALL FLAW. When you use the word "NATION" you are using it like an American as a synonym for "COUNTRY". In the context Mussolini and Europeans of the early 20th century used it it is actually more of a synonym for "NATIONALITY". I refers to "A PEOPLE" who identify as sharing a cultural/linguistic/ethnic heritage. It can expand to encompass the country and government but Italy and Germany had just gone through NATIONALIST struggles for unity the prior century working to unite the Italian and German Nations/People into one Nation-State. The cultural/linguistic/ethnic is what identifies the Nation. That is why Fascism so easily becomes a racist philosophy rather than an economic/class philosophy like Marxism. THANKS AGAIN FOR YOUR GREAT WORK! 😀
So if there was a NATIONALITY that was only a few generations old, comprisedof somewhat disparate parts but was centred on a common language and generally shared myth, was an amalgam of, say, 50 states, had experienced civil war but drew on a powerful shared myth to bind itself, was highly militaristic and driven to expand its influence, was highly receptive to the promise of being made great again - that would be a good candidate for fascism?
@@Metalworks41190 Not by the definition offered here, but there are dozens of definitions (perhaps too many for the word to be useful). Many of those take the form of a checklist. Most of the points of which America now checks. Perhaps the most recognised scholar of the subject, Robert Paxton, pronounced your last President as fitting his definition. The same was perhaps not true of all your institutions last time. Next time may be different. If I were to make my own checklist it would include things such as * an amalgam of state and corporate power impervious to democratic constraint * extreme militarism and sacralisation of the military * a powerful myth of a unique, special national destiny * projection of state power * treatment of dissent as treason * any claim of a national security concern negates all other values * control of dissent (which does not need to be by violent means..... I could go on. America, and its empire have a turnkey fascist structure in place. At present it's not necessary to exercise control through the clumsy use of violence we've seen elsewhere. That's just a setting.
@@Metalworks41190 Also I'd suggest one change to "we think with the blood of the nation". Leader thinks, we just act. So "We act from the blood of the nation".
I've always used the term fascism to describe any ideology that promotes the annihilation of those who think differently. Now I see that intolerance is an attribute of fascism, but not its essence.
I've usually heard of it being used in the context of an ideology that contains a large amount of discrimination, even if that's not right, that's just what I've seen.
I've always seen it used as synonym for: 'I can no longer rationalise my opinion, this causes me emotional distress, so I will call you a fascist in the hopes of instilling fear of "being on the wrong side of history" and thus shutting you up'
It isn’t an inherent attribute of fascism. The Germans weren’t fascists. The Italians called themselves fascists BUT he was a socialist his entire life and so was his entire family. Almost every single policy aligned with socialism in their ideology. It’s just another left wing ideology. They were National Socialists as opposed to modern day leftists and communists/ Marxists of that time who are GLOBAL SOCIALISTS/ COMMUNISTS. There are so many things wrong with this video that it may as well be disregarded.
I am astounded by your ability to keep such a long video and nuanced topic so structured and on point. The 40 minutes were not tiring, confusing or boring. Same goes for your video on Socialism - it's impressive really.
It’s nice to see honestly I studied fascism and socialism in 2020 and into this year very extensively I mainly focused on socialist ideologies since they’re generally more interesting to me and have a lot more history behind it and a lot of what I could read on fascism even just as ideas without history it was actually depressing how hateful it got at times
@@violetraven9440 ''i've read up on socialism'' ''im so disgusted by fascism though'' LMAO..... Read more then. Your cool and edgy ideological cult of socialism+ has slaughtered 200 million ethnic minorities, religious opposites, political opposition since its inception. And socialism, fascism, communism are interchange-ably one and the same. LMAO.
@@JejuIju 1 I never said if I was a socialist or not and 2 socialism and fascism is completely different even on this channel there’s a video explaining what socialism is you don’t have to like something to study it when everyone is using it as a cudgel against literal liberals socialism by definition is just worker ownership of companies meaning everyone has some level of control over the direction of their workplace, we have worker cooperatives as a good example unions in the past were largely socialist as well and we have them to thank for child labor laws the weekend the fact you’re not locked into your workplace until everyone is done and so many other things we take for granted today the Soviet Union was socialist Vietnam is still socialist so is Cuba and it’s highly debated if China is socialist or not, then you have the CNT Rojava and groups like Red Neck Revolt, so as I said there’s a lot of fascinating history from all around the world there’s active debate on what is socialism anarchism and what the best way to go about something like that is ie radical unionization vanguard parties getting rid of technology violent protests peaceful protests and many more so even in contemporary socialism there’s a lot of discord among the people involved which is interesting to watch, plus to top it off there’s a debate on if we should have any involvement with any other country. Fascism on the other hand in contemporary conversation is people calling for the deaths of people they don’t like and people who look different they believe for example that white American Christians are superior to everyone else and therefore are the only ones with the right to exist they are literally blood thirsty committing acts of terrorism and calling for the death of others for existing and in the past pretty much the whole history of fascism is starting violent coup d’état,s wars terrorism and genocide after genocide, fascism is interesting to study too and very important to be knowledgeable on as is socialism but even so I can’t make it through as much fascist content and I literally can’t debate fascist the same way I can with socialist because it’s genuinely dangerous socialist are generally smarter too
@@violetraven9440 literally everything you wrote after "Facism is..." is wrong. Did you watch the video? I like how you demonize white Christians though as if that furthers your point, considering you made a blanket statement. You're just an ignorant racist.
@@violetraven9440 The Soviet Union wasnt socialist, it did very little to accomplish the goals of Karl Marx. They were essentially state capitalists when really examined. I really doubt that the proletariat has much power in any of the countries you listed as being socialist.
You are by far the best creator on the academic side of TH-cam. Ive never seen anyone cover such topics with impartiality and this degree of depth. I hope you get the exposure you deserve!
I agree that his depth is a great starting point to learning about these topics. I look forward to incorporating Ryan’s chain of thoughts and videos into a long form, history/philosophy of man (so evolutionary biology and psychology) curriculum for homeschoolers. Thank you, Ryan!
You did an amazing job explaining this to everyone here. I for have looked for a in depth video like this and could never find a good answer of what it actually was . Thank you
I'm only at 4:09 and I noticed others commented the same way I'm about to; The in depth exploration of why historic figures did what they did is something a lot of people lose out on. I also love the fact you explained in detail the philosophy that drove those people. I will definitely be subscribing and sharing! Thank you!
ΔΗΛΑΔΗ ΟΙ ΕΛΛΗΝΕΣ ΠΟΥ ΕΔΙΩΞΑΝ ΤΟΥΣ ΤΟΥΡΚΟΥΣ ΜΕΤΑ ΑΠΟ 400 ΧΡΟΝΙΑ ΚΑΙ 140 ΕΠΑΝΑΣΤΑΣΕΙΣ..ΕΙΝΑΙ ΦΑΣΙΣΤΕΣ? ΓΙΤΙ ΔΕΝ ΜΙΛΑΜΕ ΑΠΛΩΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟ ΑΙΜΑ ΑΛΛΑ ΤΟ ΧΥΣΑΜΕ ΚΙ ΟΛΑΣ. ΚΑΙ Σ ΑΥΤΗ ΤΗΝ ΓΗ ΚΑΤΟΙΚΟΥΜΕ ΧΙΛΙΑΔΕΣ ΧΡΟΝΙΑ ΕΧΟΝΤΑΣ ΔΙΑ.ΟΡΦΩΣΕΙ ΜΙΑ ΑΠΟ ΤΙΣ ΠΙΟ ΙΣΧΥΡΕΣ ΤΑΥΤΟΤΗΤΕΣ ΣΤΗΝ ΓΗ.
I'm only 15 minutes in and I have to say you're doing a great job. Especially because we can see your sources as you read directly from them. Then after reading a passage you simplify it. I look forward to learning more from your channel.
thank god someone is actually explaining this word. i feel like it’s thrown around like an insult and no one actually knows it’s meaning or context. this is sooooo needed thank you!!
It was an extremely specific ideology that can be easily defined tbh….. Fascism as described by its ideological creator Giovanni Gentile…..”Fascism as a consequence of its Marxian and Sorelian patrimony conjoined with the influence of contemporary Italian idealism, through which Fascist thought attained maturity, conceives philosophy as praxis.” Fascism is defined by the world’s leading scholar Emilio Gentile, “For Mussolini, syndicalism was the most modern embodiment of the spirit of Marxist doctrine, which he added to the myths of his Nietzschean aristocratic philosophy to reach a socialism of quality rather than quantity.”
When I was in high school, we had the best pre-game pep rallies that filled us with school pride and unity. That made a huge impression on me. Decades later, I still think about being swept up by that energy. In that case it was used for good. But we also see how the usurpation of that energy can be used to inspire acts of madness and horror. Thought provoking video. Thank you.
You could call psychology ‘mind control’. That’s what we do… clearly we try and go about it in a positive way, but it has been used nefariously in the past. Psychology has been used for wicked ends. Laura Dodsworth
@@sthomas7211 Psychology is, like all 'ologies' 'the study of . . .' That's it. Don't pervert it. What you are describing may use knowledge from psychology, but it is not psychology, it is something else.
That's a perfect microcosm of this idea of how it takes hold I'd not thought of. Although using children as the fodor for the concept ur statement offers a perfect experiment that proves out just how easily populations can be manipulated under the right circumstances. I used to participate in that high school and even college ray rah stuff and ud get a little stir of pride in ur gut at those rallies and i didn't even like my schools so this effect must be something of a ROM were born with in the interests of survival on a hostile planet. Large numbers of like thinking and acting hominids will survive against less organized groups.
Hey, someone actually from Germany here. Thank you for the video, this is a great and "wonderful" exploration of our dark history, and how easy, and dangerous it can be to slowly fall for these wicked ideas. We in Germany, of course, learn a lot about this in school, and for good reason. Yet having a video like this in English, reaching for the international community of people, for who this topic isn't the highest priority in history and sociology classes, is priceless. Again, thank you so very much for your work here.
Also from Germany... My grandfather (poet and school teacher) died somewhere in Russia, volunteering in 1944, even though he was too old to be drafted. My grandmother was a photographer with her own career (... which wasn't that common at the time). They used to live in Berlin, moved to a tiny village in the woods of Bavaria because "back to the roots, back to earth and blood", they were intellectuals, free-thinkers, nudists, progressives by the standards of their time, and ended up Nazis. I've taken from that to be skeptical of esotericism, nationalism, ideologies of any kind.
Schools brainwash. You are the product of brainwashing. We all are. You're not going to delve deeply into the truth through this brainwashing video either!
@@Antraeus I'm afraid there is no brainwashing in school. Over here, people of my age have or had actually living grandparents that lived through this time. I could actually talk to a lot of direct witnesses of the time, and I did so, over many years. So whatever you think or someone told you, let me tell you that you're wrong with whatever conspiracy story you come up with. This happened. It actually really happened. Fascism and Nazi ideology is actually one of humanities greatest atrocities in all of history, and we need to do everything we can to prevent this from ever happening again. And let me tell you again: If you think otherwise, you are plain wrong.
@@Tiaslin After the war the Allies (or sinister International Jewry who were in control behind the scenes and had already declared economic war on Germany in 1933) wanted Germans to suffer and regret taking part in the war. And they even declared outright that, through constant indoctrination, the German people would not even know who they were anymore.
I don't normally get into much of this kind of content. I haven't seen many other videos to rate it against. All I know is this really got me thinking, kept me fully and aptly engaged, taught me a lot of things and gave me a new appreciation for that time period and scarily a lot of things that have taken place in our own current time period.
As does everyone knowing (or thinking they know) what they're talking about. It means that we have repeated the cycle without knowing it because people misuse the word fascist as an insult which allows it to ferment in the underworld.
It didn’t cease to exist in 1945. Baa’thism in Syria and Lebanon, the Syrian socialists nationalists, Juan Peron in Argentina and Nasser in Egypt essentially instated fascism states and most like Nasser formed their green shirts movement and were surrounded by SS officers as advisors
670 thousand views are not nearly enough for the importance of this particular history lesson. What you have created here is extraordinary in it's comprehensive simplicity. Thank you.
Very well done and thought out. It's so easy to get caught up in the "crowd" and get convinced to do horrible things all while feeling righteous. Especially if you are already looking for acceptance or somewhere you can belong.
You mean like throwing your family members and fellow citizens in camps or jail for not taking a newly developed vaxx? As I witnessed right here in America, a large percentage of the population can be turned into total monsters with enough media and governmental coercion.
And that’s really the hallmark of an extreme political movement. Similarly dark stuff in Marxist countries. It’s too bad The Possessed isn’t the best known of Dostoevsky’s works. It really nailed the problem with political extremism.
@@Facerip Yes it is. Believing the state should control (enslave) everyone is extreme thinking. Marxism is a more murderous ideology than fascism. Those that praise Marxism without understanding this are dangerously stupid people.
I'm so happy I happened upon this channel, this is absolutely fascinating. Thank you for all the reading and research you clearly put into this. It's so refreshing to see a smart, young person doing work like this.
Ryan, I had to comment on your extensive and educational reflection on the definition of Fascism. We hear the word strewn around all the time but I've never been exposed to the history, analysis and refection on the subject in such a detailed way. You learn something new everyday. Thank you!
Your definition of fascism goes a long way toward explaining why Italian fascism never really jelled. The people of Italy did not, at least in that era, think of themselves primarily as Italians. They thought of themselves as Romans, or Venetians, or Sicilians. The idea of Italian nationalism, of thinking with the blood of a single nation, did not come naturally to the majority of Italians. Their concept of blood and of nationality was much smaller in scope.
Only an ignorant reactionary or deliberate liar would post a video like this. Fascism is the raw power of finance capital. It has nothing to do with Marxist socialism/Communism and is indeed its polar opposite. The confusion comes from Hilter calling himself socialist when he also specifically said that his version of socialism was anti- marxist.
Italian fascism was not a race-oriented movement (until it had to curry favour with the German national socialists in the late 1930s). For example, in the 1920s, one third of Italian Jews were members of the Italian fascist party.
I hope you believe me on how much gratitude I have for content like this. Made with such thoughtfulness and careful attention to detail to make it understandable. This one video taught me concepts that otherwise had been confusing or muddied through time/intentional misdirection/or through the regurgitation of misinformation perpetuated as fact. I'm really grateful for all the work and care you've clearly put forward to help other people understand such important pieces of our shared history. ❤️
19th century: this is the great century of individualism 20th century: this is the great century of collectivism 21st century: the FOMO hits different in this bussin situationship
Dude! You are so good at this. I started watching your videos to "learn a bit" but I think I'm now addicted. I can tell that you love talking about this stuff, and it's causing me to love learning about this stuff as a result. Thanks for the premium content, it is much appreciated!
Nah not really, he didn't quote Gentile, the founding philosopher of Fascism. If you're going to have a go at defining it then you need to start at the beginning.
Congratulations, Ryan, this is a great explanation. Thorough, well researched and far from the common oversimplifications and stereotypes. Thank you for your work.
I have to disagree. He completely misunderstands the VERY important differences between the operation of National Socialists versus Fascist regimes AND the justification each system employs for suppressing minority groups. Fascism survived the second world war in Spain and Portugal into the 1970s because Fascism is a corporate statism. Fascism doesn't make territorial claims based on racial imperatives. Fascism doesn't persecute minorities on the basis they are not part of the single race (Ayrians) or group (Proletariat). Fascism persecuted all threats to the state's power including religion per se and literally co-opted capitalist ventures into the nation (cooperativism). The Nazis did effectively control private industry but their reason for doing so was the same reason Marxism did so, to bring about the manifest destiny of the common people. Marx identified the common people as the prolitariat, whereas Hitler identified a particular genetic line as the oppressed and an impurity within it as the oppressor. Oppression dynamics and manifest destiny is integral to socialism. This is precisely how Critical Social Justice theory (CSJ) or Wokism operates. CSJ is socialist, but like National Socialism it is attempting to overthrow the oppressor using the claims of the collectivised minorities against the oppressed majority. Communist Antonio Gramsci invented this Cultural Marxism, and the Frankfurt school's Herbert Marcuse developed it using his "oppressive tolerance" doctrine based on "Critical Theory". The Woke are a new racially justified form of Socialism, just as the Nazis were before them. It is straight Liberationism from the Marxist playbook. Instead of the employee class, it is the immigrant, the sexual minority, the racial minority, that is 'oppressed' by the system set up by white-heteronomative-patriarchy . A new form of Socialism, where the oppressed minorities are pitched against the majority host culture.
@@AndyJarman You bring up a number of points that probably merit further discussion on their own. But if I understand what you are saying, you think that the Nazis were more like marxist socialists than fascists. I disagree. I think Ryan is right in that nazism is fascism taken to its logical consequences. One thing, though. Neither Franco's Spain - certainly not after 1950 - nor Salazar's Portugal were anything close to fascist regimes. They were both authoritarian, conservative dictatorships .
@@nataliorivas487 I would say that you're right, but I think that Nazism and Italian Fascism just developed differently due to the nations they developed in. Germany already had large anti-semitic sentiments in many places, so that became a part of the ideology due to the mass political nature of fascism, while in Italy, this was much less so the case. I would agree that they are both fascist states, however not necessarily the same ideologically. I think that a lot of it just has to do with the variability in Fascism in terms of the nation it develops in and the leaders of the Fascists themselves; while fascism does have many defining characteristics, as Ryan put it, they do whatever it takes to "make the nation great," which varies radically depending on who ends up in charge. For Hitler, that meant creating a racially pure society in which only the "Aryan" race would be left. For Mussolini, the racism was much more subdued, and his goal was mostly militaristic expansion and the establishment of a totalitarian empire to restore the glory and honor of Italy. Essentially, Hitler wanted to do the same thing as Mussolini, but with the massive caveat of extremely racist policies. So overall, while I agree that both are fascist states in nature, I think that the racist + genocidal policies of the Nazist Fascism developed more out of Hitler and his close supporters as well as preexisting conditions in Germany.
@@AndyJarman What a load of deliberate lies and nonsense. Fascism is the raw power of finance capital. It has nothing to do with Marxist socialism/Communism and is indeed its polar opposite. The confusion comes from Hilter calling himself socialist when he also specifically said that his version of socialism was anti- marxist. and when in power had socialists, unionists sent to Dachau.
Wow, what a well-thought-out, researched video. Well done! You took a difficult subject, defined it, explained it, and gave us a very useable definition.
Thank you, Ryan. The algorithm kindly found you for me. I'm delighted. The process by which you developed your hypothesis was impressive. I can't wait to dive into your other work.
The crowd mentality is an amazing phenomenon.in the early 70’s I attended a festival in golden gate park during a Hari Krishna celebration. The parade of practitioners danced and chanted while strolling down one of the roads in the park.i found myself dancing and chanting without realizing I had started following the mass of people. I noticed how it just took over my mind. Effortlessly.
Woodstock 99 vs. Woodstock 69.....Very interesting what happens in 30 years and how people change. And of course the reasoning behind it all. Of course the tycoons who wanted to make a quick buck have no responsibility in the Train wreck that was Woodstock 99 nor would the leader of a violent crowd.
I've never been so sure in a subscription. The video is well divided into easy to understand chapters while preserving the level of exactness and the use of the right terminology throughout, which is necessary for every serious topic. Cherry on top for me was the humble ending. Not buying into algorithm and asking for a subscription from viewers, only a simple "Thank you", radiating the confidence of someone worth learning from.
always amazes me when youtube brings up new channels among my recommendations but I'm glad to have found yours and this was an interesting video to watch... I am currently a third year history and political science student at the University of Western Ontario so I found the explanation very thorough and I appreciate it.. cheers
Consider that you might be watching propaganda whenever this happens. People who are actually true critics of the government, and criminality in the government, aren't allowed on here.
@@benjigeez No we can't. Most people don't understand what is in their own best interest. I live in the United States, I see MANY self destructive fools in this country.
Meh, an ant colony is more of the picture Communism tries to portray to the world. When communism really is one of the biggest hoaxes made by man. "A system for the workers" when a few rich and powerful control it and keep everyone heavily controlled.
I have watched every single video on your channel and just want to say your approach to teaching is refreshing. Often times these kinds of subject are taught in a sort of academic language that can be hard to follow or on the other end of the spectrum without depth or research (and often with some level of contemporary political colorization). I think you strike a perfect balance between these two method and I feel like I have learned a lot from your works. I joined Patreon for the first time just to support your channel, keep up the good work.
I found this video quite compelling. The timeline of influence and action lends itself to the understanding of reason, or the why. Will definitely be checking out your other works and sharing with others to help dissect the world we live in presently.
The Hegelian dialectic applied to Capitalism and Marxism resulta in "private-public partnerships" a.k.a. a form of fascism. Chinese Communist Party operates more like fascists than communist. The CCP operates more like Mussolini's Italy than it does the Soviet Union.
In my experience, the word "fascist" and accusations of fascism are used to make audiences emotional and get scared of being controlled or oppressed by the government. Honestly the truth of the word and the ideology behind it is much more unsettling.
Fascism is an ideology that does not prescribe the mode of execution. The application of fascism in Nazi Germany was unique to Adolf Hitler and his ambitions. Obviously, Mussolini’s application of fascism did not result in genocide. Therefore, if Mussolini and Hitler were both definitionally Fascist, then genocide is not a fundamental policy of Fascism. In fact, when it comes to body count, Communism claimed more victims than Nazism and Italian fascism combined. But like fascism, Communism does not necessarily prescribe violence to achieve its end.
@@renaissanceman9168 VIU BEM QUE EU SOU POVO SOU GENTE DA ARGENTE INVESTITIGADOR POR ELES TER ME GONGADO PROVOU TER ME AJUDADO NESTA INVESTIGAÇÃO . POIS EU SOU FIRME NA MINHA POSIÇÃO ESTA E A QUESTÃO DE EU SER O INFERNO PRA ELES TAI A DIFERENÇA SE TU FOR A SIM NINGUÉM PODERÁ TER INLUDIR POR NADA . #
@@renaissanceman9168 Do you find it interesting that the ideas of Karl Marx can be said to be the root of both ideologies and have so many deaths "credited" to them? Maybe Karl is much worse than Hitler and we need stories about time travel that go back to eliminate Mr. Marx. He is in the running for my most dangerous human to ever live.
Fascism only really comes down to complete government control. To be anti-fascist is to be for individual freedom from the nation, and yet the nation may be based on that very premise. Go figure.
I do feel that you should mention Francoist spain as a semi-fascist nation, partially to pinpoint something which is not totally fascist (which does help outline the parts that create it) and partially to raise awareness of the fact that Spain did sorta go through over forty years of something beyond simple hardship under Francisco Franco, and not many people seem to know about it.
The estado novo in Portugal as well under Salazar which we tend not to think about in the anglophone world because of the long relationship between Portugal and the UK even through their dictatorship
@@footballnick2 The people of Portugal were the poorest in Europe under Salazar and they had the highest rate of illiteracy. Also if you lived in one of the Portuguese overseas territories they were desperately clinging onto you basically lived under constant martial law. Not great
Fascism: "The needs of the state and the needs of the people should be the same so as to reduce conflict" Me: Okay so far so good Fascism: "and if there is conflict, the state wins" Me: 👁️👄👁️
@@Salami-I-Like-Um It must be a burden on your mental fortitude to pretend you know something about a topic having 0 reading and actual understanding beyong superficial gibberish on said topic. Let it go of the burden. It will do you well.
That's just a totalitarianism with a sprinkle of nationalism. Fascism is imperialist monarchy in the name of the "master race". Maoism has a great leader but it's not fascism. Imperialism has monarchy and exploitation but it's not fascism. Fascism needs hirachy without mercy combined with nationlism. The "lesser races" do not matter but the individual of the "master race" doesn't matter either.
All extremist ideologies are left wing. Right-wingers believe in individual responsibility, individual freedom, small government, and low taxation. You can not get an extreme version of that.
"Blut und Boden", blood and soil was probably not what I would have thought of, so I'd like to thank Ryan Chapman for doing so because....well, he already said it. Will anyone remember? It's a start
Absolutely incredible video. Your neutral, in-depth take backed up by solid literature and examples is extremely informative and refreshing. Instant sub.
Your channel provides some amazingly presented content. Because it does something very very rare these days. That is, neutral, unemotional, uneditorialised, informed content. It’s something I would have accepted as the norm 20 years ago, but is unheard of these days. Too many TH-camrs and talking heads are telling us what to think, how to feel, and what conclusions to draw. Thank you for treating your audience like adults.
This video is filled with so many falsehoods and blatant lies that it should be disregarded. He is extremely ignorant when it comes to these things he is attempting to speak about. The Nazis were NOT fascists. They were NATIONAL SOCIALISTS. The Italians called themselves fascists but Mussolini was a socialist his entire life and so was his entire family. These 2 leaders practiced NATIONAL SOCIALISM as opposed to GLOBAL SOCIALISM/ GLOBAL COMMUNISM like the Bolsheviks / Marxists of the time and the same with the leftists of today.
Excellent explanation. Thanks for taking a balanced view rather than the usual people trying to align facsim with the opposite of their own political view.
I really like this channel because it breaks my habit of bite sized information that usually only serves to confirm what i already believe to understand about a certain topic. It gives me a chance to not fully identify with one or the other point of view, which, in these times, is a rare and comforting commodity
I had a close attachment to my grandfather Tomasso. He came to the USA from Italy in 1920. I was 20 years old in 1968 when I visited him to say goodbye. I was home on military leave with orders to report to Vietnam in 3 days. It was the 1st and only time he spoke to me of being in the Italian Calvary 13:01 WWI. 54 years later I still remember the gist of the conversation. He was escaping “Fassci, Mussolini, poverty and starvation”. In 1968 had no idea what he was talking about. Today I realize he was a wise old sage.
Regarding what you spoke on with "The Crowd:" during my time in security and law enforcement, I can say there is a lot of truth to this. When people get into a crowd, mob, or any large group they think less as an individual and their behavior is based more on how the group feels. You see this in things like "the bystander effect," or even how performers work the crowd. If you've been to a good concert, you've felt it. When the energy of the crowd is high, so is yours. Police use this in crowd control or to quell riots. Anti riot tactics are meant to make the crowd think more like an individual but keep the police in a "group think." Half as Interesting has a great video on it.
@@chloegrobler4275 yes and there's a science behind it. From how they worship in the beginning with song to the sermon of which something will make you question yourself and your guilt to the soft depressing alter call song to the tithe or offering. When I realized what it was doing it felt very unJesus like. That's who I myself look to for influence. How would Jesus treat this person or situation? Would he give or take? The only thing I read that Jesus took was kindness not money or clout. I don't put myself in any religious category including Christianity. I am just a human being with a soul doing my best to spread warmth and kindness where I can. If I can't give money to someone in need a hug, supportive smile, listening ear, shoulder to cry on could help even more.
@@joedirt3970 I suppose. I'm glad you aren't saying you're a Christian. One accord, and a common purpose is what the church service is about, if it's not for you, that's fine. The guilt you felt, maybe you should've, but I don't know? I feel guilty when I do wrong, to turn that off, or to want to? You don't need to be a Christian to feel guilt. Jesus said don't worry about what's in your purse to his disciples, so yes, we are supposed to give to people who are in service to Christ, but they should also be good stewards, and there's no denying some aren't good stewards. This can be said of any organization, but churches in sheer numbers are much less corrupt than a lot of non Christian Charities. I remember when I gave money to the Clinton Foundation to help Haitians. I was pretty broke at the time too, to find out what they did, really sad. It was also a valuable lesson.
21:40 What you’re describing is just… capitalism. The Nordic countries aren’t "part capitalist, part socialist", they’re capitalist. Part of that is state capitalism, but it’s still capitalism. The US isn’t "part socialist" because the military is run by the State. As you point out later, the core idea of socialism (or communism) is the abolition of private property. Property owned by a state is still private property, hence "state capitalism". FWIW, I really appreciate Kevin Passmore’s approach to "defining" fascism in their 2nd edition of "Fascism: A Very Short Introduction".
@@redryan20000 however you define socialism, it doesn't mean just "the government gives you stuff." Spending a lot of government money on schools, food, and education while keeping a capitalist economy is not "socialist." It is Keynesian. And hey, you don't even have to take my word for it! Mussolini actually speaks up about this: he referred to the economics of John Maynard Keynes as "useful introduction to fascist economics." He also bragged in the 30s that Fascism was akin to America's "New Deal"--America's Depression-era programs of relief that helped prop up capitalism for another century or so. Now, I think a big difference between pure Keynesian economics and Italian Fascism's version of it was the "Corporatist" approach to keeping industry and labor working hard to energize the war machine. But it would be wrong to say that Corporatism "replaced" capitalism. It actually gave capitalists a place of HONOR! It simply meant that Mussolini got to get the rich capitalist leaders of several industries in a room together every once in a while and said "Hey, Massimo! You can't sell scrap metal to the Greeks!" or whatever. But other than that, if you actually look at the Fascists in Italy, they did nothing but PRIVATIZE industries for the first several years they were in power! Even the press wasn't run directly by the government but through his capitalist buddy who had built an empire in radio. Even later, during the Depression, when the banks needed bailouts, the Fascists bought stock in the banks, but didn't actually nationalize them. It's more like what we did during our own financial crash--which is to REWARD stupid capitalists for exploiting us by giving them money because they are "too big to fail" and yet just failed. (I'm afraid to post links on here but DM me and I'll send you my sources... but this is all stuff you can probably find on wpdia).
Absolutely fantastic remarks and analysis, this is why I try to explain many socialist/communist who doesn't understand how economy and political economy works
I'm a retired professor of psychological anthropology. I'm only up to about 2:30 in your video, but I'm deeply impressed by your analytical rigor, intellectual honesty and obvious desire to promote insight, critical thinking and reason well done! I would be among those who would quibble about the Nazi regime "being fascist," but by stating firmly that only two polities can non-controversially be considered "fascist" you have already gone far beyond the norms in truly attempting to understand the term and presumably use it judiciously. Having not watched the entire video yet, I don't know what you get into later on, but one comment I would offer (in case it isn't something you address). Fascism, and the Nazi movement which was largely influenced by it are two very specific examples of a broader type of socio-political order we can call totalitarianism. There are and have been various forms of totalitarianism, and while the term is legitimately restricted primarily to post-industrial era polities, similar sorts of despotic or autocratic regimes are quite prevalent throughout human history. Generally, when people make the error of calling their modern day counterparts or opponents "fascist" what they really should be saying if they wanted to accurately and precisely express their thoughts would be to call them autocrats or totalitarians or perhaps despots. Now if we can make advances in the misuse of the catch-all terms "Left" and "Right" on the political spectrum as well as "Liberal vs. Conservative" we are off to an intellectual revolution!
Criticism in the comments is often valid. Tbh, this video here just pales in Comparison to the Fash-Coverage of 'Some More News', even if we only include the videos literally have the F-Word in the Title.
Well Diche, I agree totalitarianism is the umbrella term for despotic regimes. As I know you know fascism is one very specific kind of autocratic ideology and we use the term as a differentiator versus communism, socialism and other kinds of totalitarianism because if we were to use this term alone it would be too vague and wouldn't explain what kind of dictatorship we're talking about.
I suspect "fascist" as an invective both during and after the fall of fascism extant came from communists needs to have a "word" that hit as hard as "commie" did in the west. I agree with you, "left" and "right" don't mean a hell of a lot if you're attempting to compare what those words meant in 1935 Europe against the modern "left" and "right" in the United States. Classical liberal values were despised by both the "left" and "right" of 1935 Europe. ETA: Watched through. Very nice job on a very complex subject. It seems Mr. Chapman reached the same conclusion I did in regards to why "fascism" is bandied about so often. He didn't draw the obvious conclusion, admittedly outside the scope of what he wanted to achieve, that when religion is suppressed, or any morality that values the individual for that matter, it becomes quite easy for the collectivists to break some weak eggs for "the greater good". A belief in the intrinsic, immutable value of every man woman and child is the only thing that protects the weak from the strong. Wonderful job, Mr. Chapman.
Excellent video! Thank you so very much! I’ve saved it to my list so I can watch it again. There’s so much information here it’ll take me a few times to watch the video so it really sinks in.
I do not know why this video was suggested for me, but I am so glad that it was. This is very well thought out and constructed. To anyone that has not already, many of the books referenced here are so worth reading in full if you found this video interesting! Looking forward to watching through your backlog over the new few weeks!
@Tommy Gunnarsson sure, sure.. If you believe someone in power will do something to knowingly and willingly decrease it you probably still believe that socialism can work, it just hasn't been done the right way.
@Tommy Gunnarsson Except that never happens, and never will. People don't give up power. Marx was a dope for many reasons but his basic misunderstanding of human nature was the dopiest.
Perfect definition of left of centre way of thinking. A BIG state is the common denominator in Fascism of Mussolini, Nazism of Hitler and Totalitarianism of Stalin.Disappointed by the dismissal of Fascism as a LEFT ideology.
"Ideological subversion" is a term that originates from the Cold War era, specifically in the context of Soviet psychological warfare and intelligence activities. It refers to the process of changing the perception of reality of a society in such a way that despite the abundance of information, no one is able to come to sensible conclusions in the interest of defending themselves, their families, their community, and their country.
This is a great job 👏 Thank you. Everybody should know this. Have you thought in making shorts with only fragments of this big video. Hoping some people that look the shorts want to know more and look after to see this video.
I am glad to see an exploration of Fascism that isn't just a regurgitation of Umberto Echos Ur-Fascism, it is interesting to see how the actual fascists thought about their own political ideology and their logic for doing what they did, it helps us understand how so many people, especially intellectuals fell for the ideology in the early 20th century.
Bias-less journalism is a fake term. All content, whether it’s in print media or a video on TH-cam, has been created by humans and thus will carry some form of bias. Pls open your eyes ppl, don’t be lulled to sleep by a so called “journalist with integrity.”
Communism and fascism are more similar to each other than to democracy. This idea is known as the Horseshoe Theory. Instead of being on opposite ends of a linear spectrum, the far left and far right bend towards each other, forming a horseshoe shape where they meet around authoritarian, military-controlled government.
Centrist bs, communism as described by marx is economic democracy to add to the already existing (although in his opinion because of capital flawed) political democracy. Marx mentions freedom more then equality in his work because for him communism is just economic freedom to add to political freedom. You can agree or disagree with him, but communist have always been the biggest opponents of fascist, while the liberal democrats chose to work with fascist in countries like germany.
“It’s not who votes that counts, it’s who counts the votes that matters” -Stalin The hive minds and intellectuals who are goose stepping towards another totalitarian reality is frightening.
I dont think stalin represents fascism, though. His dictatorship was in the other side of the political spectrum. Fascism is the alliance of the political elites with the economic elites. Its extrem right. Kind of what the united states is right now.
Indeed. It reminds me how we do things on personal level. We promise ourselves that we will not eat junk food, that we will workout and we will clean up the house, but we always somehow end up making same mistake over and over again. The same thing seems to play out on a grand scale from time to time.
Thank you for this video and this more precise definition . I’m truly getting sick of people across the political spectrum throwing around fascist to pretty much describe anytime they disagree with someone or anytime the government does stuff that limits their freedom.
It makes for rallying hyperbole when a state oppresses the people in the name of the collectivist good, that you point to those that were most effective at doing so in recent history.
Let me give my definitions Then and Tell you why I disagree. National Socialism is broadly speaking to be defined as: Pan- germanic totalitarian Ultranationalist aryanism fascism (talking about Generic Fascism) is: National Syndicalism The Term Fascio in Italian was used AS a Synonym to the Term Trade Union. Why? Well what IS a Trade Union? A Trade Union is a Union of Workers uniting into an organization advocating for their interests. IT IS collective of worker, group of Workers, a Brunch of Workers Entering into an organization. One could even Claim that it is a bundle of Workers like a bundle of Sticks. A bundle in Italian AS already Stated IS a Fascio. Fascism is Nothing but Syndicalism or to be precise: Fascism (generically speaking ) is an Ultranationalist totalitarian Form of Syndicalism. Instead of saying Trade Union however They (the fascists) used the Term Corporation. Infact the the Term Corporation IS Just a another Name for Trade Union, for a corporation IS a Trade Union brought into the national System that is the State. To conclude Nazism = folkish Aryanist totalitarianism with Pan Germanic characteristics Fascism = National Syndicalism with a philosophy of Actualism. Nazism and Fascism are similar but Not the Same Thing. Both AIM to Ideologically create a Synthesis between Socialism and Nationalism for their respective Peoples and Nations. One idealistic about, the Other embraced racist materialism. THEY ARE NOT THE SAME Fascism finds its roots in sorelian vitalism, and Syndicalism. Nazism finds its roots in German Socialism, which already Antisemitic during its existence and the Racial Theories of the late 19th century, AS Well AS some Nietzschian Thought.
@Urban Development yes. They do. They cannot actually argue the point so they make you slog through unnecessary bullshit constantly and it makes you look like you're struggling to get anywhere while their oversimplistic views get through easily.
This young scholar is a blessing and a public utility - let's make it possible for historians and philosophers like Chapman to enjoy greater renown and accessibility - for those who thirst for knowledge but find themselves restrained by matters social, racial and/or economic.
So many people think the word Fascism was made in modern times by people looking back and branding it "fascism". Not true at all. Great perspective offered in this video. Thank you!
It is most unfortunate that those who have fallen under the myth and/or hive-crowd mentality are the least likely to view or even attempt to understand the historical facts ad knowledge you have presented. Thank you for making the effort.
I think the biggest problem is what was the biggest strength of fascism, and what Hitler himself mentioned in Mein Kampf: the narrower, the simpler the ideas, the more likely they are to appeal to the crowd - because they correspond with the crowd's intellectual level. Looks like Hitler didn't have much regard for his followers and it also explains why nationalist parties seem to have the most cynical members. But that also means that a democratic society is destined to create a hell for itself because most people are simple, and logic, intellectual depth, the ability to see the bigger picture and even true compassion are all relatively scarce. Please tell me that I'm wrong.
@@frusia123 I'm sorry, but I think you're right. Almost every "true-believer" of any ideology I've seen has been mostly repeating slogans and catchphrases seemingly with no understanding of their meaning, instead of actual arguments.
People often question themselves and their positions when they are alone..”do i have this right”? “Am i arguing a valid position”?? Always wise to understand the oppositions viewpoint when standing against them...now to listen 👂
Two videos into your channel and I’m hooked!!! Obviously your content is complex, but your delivery is clear and concise. When you do explain in more detail, it’s not drawn out and self indulgent. Very cool!!! The coolest thing though…I have no idea what your political views are. In my opinion, probably the most unbiased show I’ve watched regarding these topics. Thanks for all the hard work.
Great breakdown of a complex topic. One slight point of contention: Your "Blood & Soil" conclusion is spot on, but fascism also seems to always include a 'Cult of Personality'. Think of a "fasces"; the root word of 'fascism': a bundle of rods, held together by tightly-wrapped cord. The symbolism of the reeds being individually weak, but strong when bound together, parallels your blood & soil, with the nation's people as the blood, them being the reeds. But the fasces' reeds are bound together around an axe. The axe is the strong, autocratic leader. In ancient Rome, the Axe was Caesar or the senate. In Italian fascism, Mussolini was the axe. In Germany, it was Hitler. Both fascist states were built around the 'man', as much as, if not more than the people.
I would say the Cult of Personality, is an aspect of any successful political leader. Whether the above fascists, Lenin or Stalin, Chairman Mao, Pol Pot, ...Obama, Justin Trudeau, the Queen, Biden....even Trump. Sometimes the cult of personality is naturally contagious and effective, sometimes it is forced by media, propoganda, censorship and/or jack boots.
I've been studying fascism for decades, and yours is arguably the best definition I've come across. Your idea that Blood and Soil (Blut und Boden) is the backbone of this definition is accurate as long as we remember that Blut does not refer only or even completely to DNA. Perhaps its primary element is myth, which also figures prominently in your treatment.
@@scambammer6102 I don’t now that “populist ultra-nationalism” is precise enough. Maybe a necessary aspect, but it doesn’t include the Hegelian philosophical roots that makes the individual a servant of the social myths and goals or the ethno-centricity of the politics.
@@donald4nola Ryan's formulation doesn't include the Hegelian roots either, and I don't think that's needed for the description anyway. It is interesting historical background, but has little to do with how fascism presented itself on the ground.
@@scambammer6102 I see what you’re saying, but without sacrificing the individual to the needs of the state, I don’t think it’s fascism. But it probably doesn’t matter on the ground. Virulent ultra-nationalism gets ugly enough.
@@donald4nola that’s an interesting point. From the fascist’s POV, the individual doesn’t sacrifice his interests to those of the state. Rather, the interests of the state and individual merge. The interests of the individual ARE the interests of the state. Obviously that’s a debatable assertion.
You can’t really define fascism accurately without it’s roots. The word fascism comes from the syndicalist trade unions in the south of Italy which were called fascio, the party was originally the revolutionary fascio of international action, before dropping the internationalism. Also, the intellectual origins are French via the Cercle Proudhon which attempted to reconcile the mutualist economics of the anarchist Pierre-Joseph Proudhon with the integral nationalism of Charles Maurras. Part of this group was Georges Sorel, who Mussolini cited as his main inspiration and without there would be no fascism. This syndicalist root held into the fascist era as the syndicalists of Edmondo Rossoni were the single largest organisation with 3 times the membership of the fascist party itself. German national socialism was a weird mix of existentialism, the Völkisch movement, the ideas of Houston-Stewart Chamberlain and the conservative revolution. It was an economic lecture from Gottfried Feder that drew Hitler into the party, and before him it much more resembled something of an agrarian corporate state. Spanish falangism, Romanian legionarism, Brazilian integralism, Mexican Synarchism etc all had their own variants, but the key tennant was always philosophical idealism under a corporate state, this seems to be the only fixed dogma
Congrats! a fabulous work on an ideology, a word, that is so often and commonly used - and abused - mostly without any fundamental knowledge of it. Thanks a lot!
Ryan, thank you for this lesson- very well done. I don't think the word fascism is used loosely to describe the current condition of India. PM Modi's BJP party is a right-wing Hindu-nationalist party with close ideological and organizational links to the RSS. The RSS unabashedly takes inspiration from Adolf Hitler, asserting that India belongs to Hindus and that the country’s minorities (first target being Muslims, then Christians and others) should be treated along the lines of the Nazis’ treatment of the Jews. Dehumanization of Muslims, public lynchings, and destruction of mosques and homes have already begun while the government and police of the "world's largest democracy" turn a blind eye. If the world body continues to ignore this situation, there will be another genocide. .
India has been a follower of Russian communism for a very long time. It is not surprising if they changed their flavor of socialism from Communism to fascism.
How about in Pakistan, the " country of the pure."? Do you see any sign of fascist treatment of their religious minorities? Besides, isn't genocide of the Hindus the project of the Muslim invaders?
@@markaguilera493 Wrong! Pakistan has a lot wrong; however, it is not the same as India. There is prejudice in the Pakistani population, but the government does not have an agenda of genocide. RSS and Hindutva's agenda is to rid India of all non-Hindus by conversion or killing. BJP politicians are openly calling for the genocide of Muslims- look it up in any credible news source. Muslims are systemically oppressed by the ruling party, army, and police. Your bigoted reference to the past, "Muslim Invaders," should correctly be "Mogul Invaders." They were invaders that happened to be Muslim. Would you call the Nazi Party the "Christian Party" because Nazis were Christian, and Hitler proclaimed, "Our movement is Christian?" I wouldn't even call Hindutva Hindus because Hinduism is a peaceful religion. Moguls did not go to India to commit genocide or spread Islam- they went there to expand their imperialism, like any other monarchy. Moguls had Hindu advisors, generals, and wives. One of the most famous Moguls, Akbar, even created a new religion for himself consisting of Hindu and Muslim beliefs. If you were correct, the second most populated country in the world wouldn't be 80% Hindu and 10% Muslim today.
My parents were born in 1924 or 25 and grew up in Berlin, Germany. They were happy members of Hitler Youth durIing the 1930's. Dad was drafted to the Eastern front during the 2nd half of the WWII. They emigrated to Canada in the early 1950's where I was born. Dad would espouse values of Work, Pride, Respect. Were these values of Nazis, etc. before the war ? Very interesting videos. Thx
Work, pride, respect and other rules like being on time have always been “german” principles, even before WW1, that’s why the german population felt so violated after that defeat and the respectless treaty of versailles which helped Hitler gain influence amongst the population (my take as a 22 y/o German living in Berlin).
@@roykressin8229 how was „aryan german elitism“ a virtue? Explain. Germany always had a huge working class that doesn’t associate with elitism, and the aryan stuff eas brought up by hitler and didnt exist before and after
@@tomkem.6515 I shouldn't have used the word 'virtue'. Value or idea would be better word choice here. Specifically I listed being on time as a virtue :) . The results of Hitler's German elitism ideas in history were undeniably terrible and abhorrent and not virtuous at all. So, now a senior citizen myself but the son of a WWII German soldier (as described above as the PEI guy), I'm still working on untangling these ideas and values. I'm asking how were these ideas, values codified, institutionalized and taught to Hitler youth in the 1930's? Work, Pride, Respect, Punctuality, Discipline, Elitism.
@@roykressin8229 i got you, sorry if I came across as hostile. My grandparents never talked about the war, and when by granddad tried he got caught in trauma, freezed and startetd to tear up in silence. But my grandma always said that her youth was the best time of her life (she was part of the Hitler Jugend) so I imagine they hd great influence on young people back then and knew how to utilize their energy and naiveness to their own goals.
“Please take to heart the lesson of history and what happens when you vote on the basis of symbolism and rhetoric. It doesn’t matter how smart you are, unless you stop and think.” ~T. Sowell
@@TheNonEdibleCheese if ‘highly intelligent’ is how you want to describe him… I wouldn’t. This is a pretty sad attempt. Do you want to try something else? Or are you set on seeing this one through?
I would just like to say as someone who studies history that your presentation was perfectly done, presenting facts and information in an unbiased way. Thank you for breaking things down into terms that the average person can easily understand.
To a person like me, who gets really annoyed and irritated with the widespread loose use of this word as an insult and with no determined meaning, especially in my country (Portugal), this was a marvelous and clarifying video. Thank you.
The "loose" use of the word likely comes from the definition so closely matching what we see in the western world today, simply by subtracting two words. Fascism: a political philosophy, movement, or regime that exalts race above the individual and that stands for a centralized autocratic government, severe economic and social regimentation, and forcible suppression of opposition.
Another view of fascism is that it's a response to communism. Where communism goes against naturalism, fascism embraces it. Communism wants to make all people equal despite the natural differences of people, fascism wants to praise the differences to seek the best there of. From that perspective you can see how fascism might appeal to the crowd just like communism had it's appeal.
It's the alternate to communism in consideration that collectivism is the way forward. Where communism wants to transform from the individual to the state, then to the people; fascism looks to stop at the state, seeing it as the ultimate authority.
@@misterkid I don't agree. Communism works by getting people to police each other and report each other to the state. fascism does the same thing. They use myth to fuel this behavior among people. The myth seems plausible and people buy into it. Both want to make the world a better place, communism uses the equality myth, and fascism uses the greatness of the country myth.
@@misterkid Words are meaningless at the most just a tool. But mob mentality is swayed by them, myths of beliefs. So stating what something "is" is different that isolating "how" people allow power to transfer.
@badda_boom Uh oh, somebody didn't watch the video! He specifically mentioned how the Nazis were, in fact, not fascist. But rather an adapted idea of Leninism. Bruh moment for you
@@badda_boom8017 Well the most common thought people have when the word Fascism is mentioned is Nazi Germany. So he explained how Germany greatly contributed to the ideas of a working fascist world. Maybe Germany shouldn't have been mentioned, but considering that Germany and Italy are the ONLY ones that have made anything like a fascist government I think it's still very note worthy to mention that. Ryan probably would have given another example, but Fascism was only done by Benito Musssolini and he coined the term in 1919 or something like that. Which isn't that long ago
the information that I have looked for is distorted , take the definition of facism from a 1980's dictionary and then look it up online , it has been perverted for one groups political needs
This is such a great contribution to the educational part of youtube. Truly great work. I knew a lot of this, as I grew up in Germany and we discuss a lot of this in school but I also learned new things and bits, thank you so much!
I think this is a well-researched, well-argued video. Thank you very much. Here are some comments: 1) I’m still left with the feeling the ideological boundary line between Fascist and Not-Fascist is very blurry at the edges. It’s not as sharp as the distinction between permitting private property and abolishing it. Nationalism, and the invocation of blood and soil, both long pre-date Mussolini. Here’s Herodotus recording the Athenians promising total support to their Spartan brothers in the fight against the Persian invaders: “(We give you) the kinship of all Greeks in blood and speech, and the shrines of gods and the sacrifices that we have in common, and the likeness of our way of life, to all which it would ill beseem Athenians to be false.” While Herodotus isn’t describing modern, post 1821-style Greek nationalism, the blood and soil evocation is definitely already there. I don’t think it’s helpful to describe such ancient sentiments as “Fascist”. 2) It’s also worth noting that some manifestations of nationalism are isolationist rather than expansionist (e.g. Sakoku era Japan, “little Englander” sentiment in the UK, “beware of foreign entanglements” isolationism in the US, Swiss particularism, De Valera’s policy of Irish neutrality, maybe modern Bhutan). 3) Italian Fascism wasn’t really racial. Mussolini’s mistress and ideological soul-mate was Margherita Sarfatti, who was Jewish. Italian Fascism only became truly anti-semitic once Mussolini became completely dependent on German power. 4) One non-exclusive but important feature of Fascism was the systematic use of war powers during peace time. All the countries which fought in World War One wound up with some state direction of industry, in a public-private state-managerial hybrid. But most countries unwound things after 1918 (and even Lenin and the Bolsheviks went from War Communism to the looser New Economic Policy once the Civil War was won). Mussolini’s public works programme to clear the Pontine Marshes felt like a new departure at the time. It had a pseudo-military intensity which went beyond previous norms of peacetime mobilisation. Ultimately the Bolsheviks easily out-did Mussolini in their willingness to use war powers during peace time, to relocate people, put them in collective farms, etc. But Mussolini’s example was widely noticed... 5) Here is a quote from the inaugural address of FDR: “If we are to go forward, we must move as a trained and loyal army willing to sacrifice for the good of a common discipline, because without such discipline no progress can be made, no leadership becomes effective.... We are, I know, ready and willing to submit our lives and our property to such discipline, because it makes possible a leadership which aims at the larger good.... I assume unhesitatingly the leadership of this great army of our people.... In the event that the Congress shall fail... I shall ask the Congress for the one remaining instrument to meet the crisis - broad Executive power to wage a war against the emergency, as great as the power that would be given to me if we were in fact invaded by a foreign foe…” Is that a little bit “fashy”? Not full-on Fascist, but still borrowing from its rhetorical style...
Much of lefts ideas resemble this behavior on the same level. Its on a grander scale, they have support (and lack of)across the globe, creating divides amongst people and governing bodies. Hence you either are with us or against us mentality. Very little middle ground, promoting everything who doesnt agree with them with demonizing imagery. They have not hidden that they favor a collection communism, socialism. Marxism, just a few I have seen, ideology. They shifted as wanting to keep slavery on race, to keeping all races in a slavery to support them first, whats left over for us to conflict over. So they ditched the weaker powers of state control and keeping blacks as race meant for slavery. Control on the federal level has more power and if they "support" to the defense and equality of minorities they gain their support as well as from the majority using hate as the unify emotion. The impressive part is how they use Americas faults, ironically the ones they capitalized, as the uniting factor, how we need to right the wrongs of history. Its not the blood we share, its the blood we dont share and the blood thats has been shed that they are able to gain the "good of nation" mentality. Much of the pandemic this can be seen, promoting reporting neighbors and such for disobeying their mandates, the societal enforcement to force the vaccines, Fauci funding China for Gain of Function of coronaviruses, create the problem in concealment, and reveal the solution in the open. Propaganda through the media which they inherently control. Dont get me wrong both sides have corruption. Its just what is there goal if corruption and whether or not its on an individual personal gain or organizational singular goal. I do know is that it is not a government for the people by the people of the people.
@@floorcoatin4u I agree 100%. We cannot vote ourselves out of this, but that is a start. Our decades of comfort and inaction while the Dems have been mobilizing have permitted this Leviathan to devour every institution. We must step up and get involved. If that means home schooling, running for the school board, being a poll watcher, or something more broad, we have to step up before everything, our children in particular, is lost.
Well put and thoughtful input. In my reading of ancient history a re emerging theme (the human proclivity towards idolatry, all the energy spent making the dumb idols speak, and all the energy spent keeping them speaking). Fascism has had a few different meanings over time but the basic ingredients seem to remain as you so well pointed out. ( An exclusive blood culture bounded by a large territory or nation).I mention idolatry because there are many analogues and cultural artifacts that were used to reinforce an authorial mythical "god given'" nature attached to various blood lines .
@@bethcoddington2150 In what way would you change things? What specific thing has this current administration done that is so bad? We can agree that things could be better, but the venomous propaganda must stop.
This video took about four months to make and wouldn't be possible without my supporters on Patreon. So I want to start by giving a huge thanks to them. If you'd like to chip in and support me check out www.patreon.com/rchapman. Video notes below:
I designed 'we think with the blood of our nation' to be a memorable phrase that can help people identify fascism. That being said, it's not formulated like a formal definition and needs more nuances in order to stand as one, so I regret calling it a definition. The phrasing was meant to invoke a fanaticism behind a singular nationalist mass movement. Fascism does not tolerate other principles conflicting with its nationalism (something that distinguishes it from more moderate forms of nationalism that might be content, for example, existing in a democracy). Fascism's nationalism wants to impose itself on others. Other ways of thinking are obstacles to fascists that need to be removed. Political or economic systems like socialism or capitalism, as stated in the video, are only tolerated if they're believed to be helping the fascist cause. They're dropped, attacked or modified as needed.
The 'we' in 'we think with the blood of our nation' means a collective of people thinking together as a political mass movement. Fascism has to be in the context of mass politics. It gains its power and legitimacy by inciting mass enthusiasms, making it a phenomenon of the modern era when political legitimacy was seen in terms of popular support. It's not something used to describe the rule of emperors or monarchs, who hold themselves to be sovereign - the highest political authority. Fascists leaders, by contrast, hold the nation to be more important than themselves. Everything they do, they do for the nation. They merely know and have the power to act in its interests. A tighter albeit more awkward re-rephasing might go something like 'We think together with the blood of our nation *and will tolerate nothing else*.'
The phrase really just gets your foot in the door for understanding and identifying fascism, similar to how 'the abolition of private property' gets your foot in the door for understanding and identifying communism. Translating it into a formal definition would look something like: 'fascism is a political ideology that conceives ideal political life as being wholly governed by a singular conception of national consciousness.'
You could also think of it as the rough right-wing equivalent to communism. Communists want to total political control over their state for a single conception of a socialist cause, just as fascists want total control over their state for a singular conception of a nationalist cause.
I also think that Roger Griffin's definition is a good one, but again it's complex. If you want to remember Griffin's more easily, I think you can do fine reducing it down to the last part: 'populist ultra-nationalism.' To use that, you have to understand what populism is (I've made a video on it).
More self-criticism: I simplified the conditions in Germany before Nazi rule down to hyperinflation and constraints from the Treaty of Versailles. There were about 16 years of turmoil between WWI and the Nazis coming into power and I wish I spent at least another sentence or two fleshing that context out. Hyperinflation was a factor behind the early success of the Nazi party and led Hitler to mount a failed coup in 1923, but it only lasted about two years. When Hitler came into power, he did it by riding a wave of despondency coming from another economic crisis: the Great Depression. The Treaty was still seen as a major villainous constraint on Germany at the time, but there was more emphasis on it being a national humiliation and military constraint than an economic constraint. The broad point is that economic conditions were quite bad (in all but a few years in the mid-late '20s), and Hitler (and many Germans) believed that Germany was being humiliated and needed to rise to its glorious potential. Fascism was their means of doing it.
Some commenters also think I claimed that there have only been two fascist movements: interwar Italy and Germany. What I actually said is that they are the only two movements that have remotely uncontroversially earned the label (a point widely accepted among fascism scholars). You can make the case that other movements have been fascist. My point was that the fascism described in this video (which stuck close to our accepted scholarly understanding of it) should be the basis for identifying fascism elsewhere. Spain under Franco is the next 'fascism' people tend to pick, but that label tends to come from foreigners and not the Spanish themselves (at least from that time period). Most professional analysis I've seen rejects the label and argues that Franco's fascism was superficial. They claim he adopted fascist imagery and slogans to (successfully) get war support from Italy and Germany, and if you look at what he believed, his movement, his rule, then you'll see it wasn't fascist. More of a conservative military dictatorship. I plan on making a video on it at some point.
I saw some people say Hitler wasn't a Catholic or take offense to the passing remark I made about his Catholicism. I think it's safe to say that he wasn't a Catholic in the traditional sense, but he was raised Catholic, claimed he believed in God (shown in the video), and also claimed to be a Catholic fairly late in his life. As he put it to his army adjutant Gerhard Engel in 1941: "I am now as before a Catholic and will always remain so" (from Engels' diary: 'At The Heart of the Reich'). I called it 'his Catholicism' and left it at that.
One last thing: it seems a lot of people think 'National Socialism isn't Fascism,' which gets some basic things wrong and I think is a message being spread by other TH-camrs. My response to that is in this video: th-cam.com/video/0gfYbEk6rBY/w-d-xo.html
- Ryan
That reading list is seriously impressive (not to mention Hegel who isn't even listed)! What is your reading speed??
May you please produce an in-depth video on historicism.
Neocon, neoliberal and Islamist please
Chilling when we think about the US.
@Ryan Chapman, 0:47 Germany was under National-Socialism, NOT Fascism. There's a difference.
FASCISM DEFINED | The Difference between Fascism and National Socialism: th-cam.com/video/qdY_IMZH2Ko/w-d-xo.html
A Short History of Mussolini and Fascism | TIKhistory WW2 Q&A 18: th-cam.com/video/06vJY9nLMXU/w-d-xo.html
And here's one big one about Nazism. Hitler's Socialism | Destroying the Denialist Counter Arguments: th-cam.com/video/eCkyWBPaTC8/w-d-xo.html
This fusion of spirituality and nationality is likely why fascism is so hard for people to understand. It behaves more like a cult than a well-defined political ideology.
All collectivism is a cult. Even Marxism.
All political ideologies are cult like. The pragmatics and centrists stand alone in a sea of religiosity.
@@Thelatenightchipshopexperience Of course. The Communist Manifesto original draft was called "Draft of a Communist Confession of Faith" Bukarin literally referred to Marxism as a Cult as well.
Most Collectivism relies on cultic behavior, forms of education and blind obedience. This includes Nationalism.
@@Thelatenightchipshopexperience this is such an idiotic statement, no most political ideologies are not cult like, most populism type of political ideologies are.
@@Thelatenightchipshopexperience Well, with the unfortunate side effect of playing both ends against the middle, ensuring destruction of any 'side'. This sort of ethical chameleon is inconsistent and just as detrimental to any policy as it may be beneficial. There is something consistent, however.. it will always support whatever hierarchy benefits it, regardless of consequence to others.. and to that end, it's only real agenda is betrayal and opportunism. Or in other words, it's sociopathic.
A centrist would support a slaver, a fascist, a socialist, colonizer, or colony, for their own gain. They would be cult-like, in as far as they can use the cult, while in denial of their complicity. Frankly, compartmentalization doesn't make for a political policy, though if it did, it would desire one that is most exploitative, and would require a fair amount of gaslighting to navigate.
It's becoming increasingly difficult to find high quality content on TH-cam these days... But this was gripping, well delivered, and informative. Thanks muchly
It didn’t give a definition of its political ideology
High-quality and TH-cam seem rather paradoxical. ;)
He is simply lying to you like all the other indoctrinated millennials. No flavor of European Socialism is actually "right wing" at all. Communism, far left wing. Fascism is a little less far left wing. If youre so dumb you consider Adolf a European Socialist "right wing" then where is George Washington on your silly ignorant fake political spectrum?
@@manulux2966 Fascism isn’t an ideology, it’s a reactionary movement.
I wouldn’t say this is “high quality”. I can shoot holes through this entire video, even just starting out it makes assumptions that 1. Fascism bad (why? dEmOkRaCy ain’t lookin so hot these days), 2. Fascism uses crowd pol and propaganda so it’s evil. The GAE is so manipulative and thoughtless for it’s staff not even people any more, it would make Le Bon blush. At least Fascist govs love THEIR OWN. In 500 years the founding stock of US will be totally replaced. So I ask, who was right? If our grandfathers knew what would be done to their grandkids 100 years later they would have thrown down their weapons, or even fought for Uncle A. Now go ahead and ban my comment, cut my tongue out. Prove me right, communist bullies. We should have listened.
'The masses have never thirsted after truth. They turn aside from evidence that is not to their taste, preferring to deify error, if error seduce them
Whoever can supply them with illusions is easily their master, who ever attempts to destroy their illusions easily their victim'
-Gustave Lebon: 'The Crowd: a study of the popular mind' 1895
pretty fucking poignant at this current time
Facebook moms and their essential oils.
@@ScottlandTheWise It has always been fucking poignant. Jesus, stop with this current time bullcrap.
Very roundabout way of saying echo chamber but yes, it is a very thought-provoking statement - take a like
@@valsan1323 MAGA alert
I'm thankful to you for uploading such high quality lessons, the kind of lectures one would get only in a university, free of charge to the internet. Thank you. It's a service you are doing.
Watch TIK history for a more accurate analysis
Haha you would never get this lecture at any university. Universities are marxists. Facism is marxist at its core.
Universities would never lecture this
I’m italian. First of all, great video, you summed up the italian situation pretty well (even though there are some aspects that should be described more thoroughly to give a truly comprehensive view of our situation but I understand that if it were to be done this video would have been 3 hours long).
One thing that didn’t allow Italy to become a truly totalitarian fascist state is that, unlike germans who (because of the legacy of protestantism) could somewhat homogenously speak german, Italy (especially in the south) had very low rates of italian literacy, and the country was strongly divided culturally in many pockets of different languages and cultures. And that’s why a huge number of italians never really subscribed to the idea of “italian supremacy” because many of them didn’t even consider themselves italian and honestly didn’t even cared to consider themselves one (especially in the South). Fascists tried to “italianize” Italy but they didn’t really succeed because of scholastic dispertion, poverty and overall a lack of care by huge swats of the population, and they managed to rise to power only because said poor, illiterate people (because of their situation) didn’t participate at all in the political life. I’m going to tell you an anecdote to clear this thing.
When Hitler came and visited Italy in the late 30s, he visited Naples (my city, third largest in Italy and the most important military port in the country). During the parade, in total silence, Hitler and Mussolini greeted from a car with the fascit salute. In the total silence a voice from a old man rang out, saying “ma ch stann facienn? Vern si afora chiove?” (In neapolitan: “what are they doing? They’re checking if it’s raining?”) which gives you a very good portray of how the poor people saw fascism as a whole, and they were too concerned with their poor situation.
Great video, keep it up!
You made that all up, nobody is buying it.
You are right that protestantism in Germany with Luther's translation of the bible made a decisive contribution to the spread of the standard language and of literacy in general. However, like Italy, Germany was (and is) "strongly divided culturally in many pockets of different languages and cultures", as you put it. The division into protestant and catholic regions even contributed to this. Only the victory of protestant Prussia over catholic Austria (and it's many german allies) - which was of course a part of Germany and on the other hand had far reaching interests in its multi-ethnic empire, including parts of Italy - created the Protestant preponderance in 1866 and made Germany more "german" by excluding the ethnic minorities (the Czechs, etc.) under Austrian rule all together with Austria as a whole. There was fierce resistance to this, for example in Bavaria and the Rhineland. It was the tremendous economic success of Germany, of the whole project of the prussian-dominated empire, combined with the mass nationalism and imperialism that was rising all over Europe, that created an extremely passionate, maybe "desperate" and aggressive German national feeling, in the sense that Ryan describes it. This led to the First World War. The defeat and the Peace Treaty of Versailles, which was felt to be humiliating, made possible a victim myth that maybe always seems essential to me in order to join a population into a homogenous people (Volk) in the sense of blood and soil (Blut und Boden). Italy in contrary was a winner of the war and was a liberal monarchy right from it's unification while Germany only became one after it's defeat. The once so strong 19th century liberalism in Germany had been decisivly weakend by Prussias conservative dominance so that there was a much better basis for authoritarian politics in Germany. This proofed true during the Weimar Republic which never had strong sympathies among the majority of the people except for maybe the first months after the war and revolution before the Versailles treaty (by which I do not mean that without Versailles the republic may have succeeded).
German Fascism was more brutal than Spanish or Italian Fascism because Germans are more efficient. The Spanish secret police would get you manana.
Not only the Southern Question as it was called, but there was the fact that Italians just didn’t go along with authority well. Their willingness to ignore demands of the government they do evil things, referred to in history as the banality of good, kept Italian Fascism from the depravities of National Socialism. But it was the people not the government that stayed the hands of evil. Fascism was mild until Mussolini became partnered with Hitler and was forced as the junior partner to bend to German will especially in the killing of the Jews. The anti-Jew laws only came to Italy in 1938. Deportation of Jews only under German occupation.
@@Fugazi667-u3c yes it's appropriating that as a justification. Don't be daft, the writer meant disabled people
Ryan you have nailed it yet again with ONE SMALL FLAW. When you use the word "NATION" you are using it like an American as a synonym for "COUNTRY". In the context Mussolini and Europeans of the early 20th century used it it is actually more of a synonym for "NATIONALITY". I refers to "A PEOPLE" who identify as sharing a cultural/linguistic/ethnic heritage. It can expand to encompass the country and government but Italy and Germany had just gone through NATIONALIST struggles for unity the prior century working to unite the Italian and German Nations/People into one Nation-State. The cultural/linguistic/ethnic is what identifies the Nation. That is why Fascism so easily becomes a racist philosophy rather than an economic/class philosophy like Marxism.
THANKS AGAIN FOR YOUR GREAT WORK! 😀
He did point that out around 25:22. A specific group of people, not just everyone within a geographic boundary.
So if there was a NATIONALITY that was only a few generations old, comprisedof somewhat disparate parts but was centred on a common language and generally shared myth, was an amalgam of, say, 50 states, had experienced civil war but drew on a powerful shared myth to bind itself, was highly militaristic and driven to expand its influence, was highly receptive to the promise of being made great again - that would be a good candidate for fascism?
@@theosphilusthistler712 America is not Fascist knock that off.
@@Metalworks41190 Not by the definition offered here, but there are dozens of definitions (perhaps too many for the word to be useful). Many of those take the form of a checklist. Most of the points of which America now checks. Perhaps the most recognised scholar of the subject, Robert Paxton, pronounced your last President as fitting his definition. The same was perhaps not true of all your institutions last time. Next time may be different.
If I were to make my own checklist it would include things such as
* an amalgam of state and corporate power impervious to democratic constraint * extreme militarism and sacralisation of the military * a powerful myth of a unique, special national destiny * projection of state power * treatment of dissent as treason * any claim of a national security concern negates all other values * control of dissent (which does not need to be by violent means..... I could go on. America, and its empire have a turnkey fascist structure in place. At present it's not necessary to exercise control through the clumsy use of violence we've seen elsewhere. That's just a setting.
@@Metalworks41190 Also I'd suggest one change to "we think with the blood of the nation". Leader thinks, we just act. So "We act from the blood of the nation".
Thank you for crystalizing what this idea/movement is. It's been a popular word-grenade tossed by both political parties at the other.
I've always used the term fascism to describe any ideology that promotes the annihilation of those who think differently. Now I see that intolerance is an attribute of fascism, but not its essence.
I've usually heard of it being used in the context of an ideology that contains a large amount of discrimination, even if that's not right, that's just what I've seen.
I've always seen it used as synonym for: 'I can no longer rationalise my opinion, this causes me emotional distress, so I will call you a fascist in the hopes of instilling fear of "being on the wrong side of history" and thus shutting you up'
It isn’t an inherent attribute of fascism. The Germans weren’t fascists. The Italians called themselves fascists BUT he was a socialist his entire life and so was his entire family. Almost every single policy aligned with socialism in their ideology. It’s just another left wing ideology. They were National Socialists as opposed to modern day leftists and communists/ Marxists of that time who are GLOBAL SOCIALISTS/ COMMUNISTS. There are so many things wrong with this video that it may as well be disregarded.
@@TommyGunz327Nazism and Fascism are corporatist not socialist.
Well that's a dumb use. There are many ideologies that somehow tried to annihilate their opponents.
I am astounded by your ability to keep such a long video and nuanced topic so structured and on point. The 40 minutes were not tiring, confusing or boring.
Same goes for your video on Socialism - it's impressive really.
It’s nice to see honestly I studied fascism and socialism in 2020 and into this year very extensively I mainly focused on socialist ideologies since they’re generally more interesting to me and have a lot more history behind it and a lot of what I could read on fascism even just as ideas without history it was actually depressing how hateful it got at times
@@violetraven9440 ''i've read up on socialism''
''im so disgusted by fascism though''
LMAO.....
Read more then. Your cool and edgy ideological cult of socialism+ has slaughtered 200 million ethnic minorities, religious opposites, political opposition since its inception.
And socialism, fascism, communism are interchange-ably one and the same.
LMAO.
@@JejuIju 1 I never said if I was a socialist or not and 2 socialism and fascism is completely different even on this channel there’s a video explaining what socialism is you don’t have to like something to study it when everyone is using it as a cudgel against literal liberals socialism by definition is just worker ownership of companies meaning everyone has some level of control over the direction of their workplace, we have worker cooperatives as a good example unions in the past were largely socialist as well and we have them to thank for child labor laws the weekend the fact you’re not locked into your workplace until everyone is done and so many other things we take for granted today the Soviet Union was socialist Vietnam is still socialist so is Cuba and it’s highly debated if China is socialist or not, then you have the CNT Rojava and groups like Red Neck Revolt, so as I said there’s a lot of fascinating history from all around the world there’s active debate on what is socialism anarchism and what the best way to go about something like that is ie radical unionization vanguard parties getting rid of technology violent protests peaceful protests and many more so even in contemporary socialism there’s a lot of discord among the people involved which is interesting to watch, plus to top it off there’s a debate on if we should have any involvement with any other country. Fascism on the other hand in contemporary conversation is people calling for the deaths of people they don’t like and people who look different they believe for example that white American Christians are superior to everyone else and therefore are the only ones with the right to exist they are literally blood thirsty committing acts of terrorism and calling for the death of others for existing and in the past pretty much the whole history of fascism is starting violent coup d’état,s wars terrorism and genocide after genocide, fascism is interesting to study too and very important to be knowledgeable on as is socialism but even so I can’t make it through as much fascist content and I literally can’t debate fascist the same way I can with socialist because it’s genuinely dangerous socialist are generally smarter too
@@violetraven9440 literally everything you wrote after "Facism is..." is wrong. Did you watch the video? I like how you demonize white Christians though as if that furthers your point, considering you made a blanket statement.
You're just an ignorant racist.
@@violetraven9440 The Soviet Union wasnt socialist, it did very little to accomplish the goals of Karl Marx. They were essentially state capitalists when really examined. I really doubt that the proletariat has much power in any of the countries you listed as being socialist.
You are by far the best creator on the academic side of TH-cam. Ive never seen anyone cover such topics with impartiality and this degree of depth. I hope you get the exposure you deserve!
I agree that his depth is a great starting point to learning about these topics. I look forward to incorporating Ryan’s chain of thoughts and videos into a long form, history/philosophy of man (so evolutionary biology and psychology) curriculum for homeschoolers.
Thank you, Ryan!
The only thing cooler than finding this channel, is being early to the show.
The thing that sucks is most people don’t want the truth. But this guy shares truth
Agree
@@petraliebkind9309 What is? Do you have some recommendations?
You did an amazing job explaining this to everyone here. I for have looked for a in depth video like this and could never find a good answer of what it actually was . Thank you
I'm only at 4:09 and I noticed others commented the same way I'm about to; The in depth exploration of why historic figures did what they did is something a lot of people lose out on. I also love the fact you explained in detail the philosophy that drove those people.
I will definitely be subscribing and sharing!
Thank you!
This. Was. Incredible.
I’ve had to listen to it 3 times just to digest the history and knowledge you put into this!
BRAVO MAN!
In my sick bed and trying to keep my brain working.
@@manbearpig7521I hope you are feeling better now
🤓
I'm on my 2nd listen 😅
ΔΗΛΑΔΗ ΟΙ ΕΛΛΗΝΕΣ ΠΟΥ ΕΔΙΩΞΑΝ ΤΟΥΣ ΤΟΥΡΚΟΥΣ ΜΕΤΑ ΑΠΟ 400 ΧΡΟΝΙΑ ΚΑΙ 140 ΕΠΑΝΑΣΤΑΣΕΙΣ..ΕΙΝΑΙ
ΦΑΣΙΣΤΕΣ?
ΓΙΤΙ ΔΕΝ ΜΙΛΑΜΕ ΑΠΛΩΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΟ ΑΙΜΑ ΑΛΛΑ ΤΟ ΧΥΣΑΜΕ ΚΙ ΟΛΑΣ.
ΚΑΙ Σ ΑΥΤΗ ΤΗΝ ΓΗ ΚΑΤΟΙΚΟΥΜΕ ΧΙΛΙΑΔΕΣ ΧΡΟΝΙΑ
ΕΧΟΝΤΑΣ
ΔΙΑ.ΟΡΦΩΣΕΙ ΜΙΑ ΑΠΟ ΤΙΣ ΠΙΟ ΙΣΧΥΡΕΣ ΤΑΥΤΟΤΗΤΕΣ
ΣΤΗΝ ΓΗ.
I'm only 15 minutes in and I have to say you're doing a great job. Especially because we can see your sources as you read directly from them. Then after reading a passage you simplify it. I look forward to learning more from your channel.
thank god someone is actually explaining this word. i feel like it’s thrown around like an insult and no one actually knows it’s meaning or context. this is sooooo needed thank you!!
people simply use it as a euphemism for totalitarianism related to white supremacy.
It was an extremely specific ideology that can be easily defined tbh…..
Fascism as described by its ideological creator Giovanni Gentile…..”Fascism as a consequence of its Marxian and Sorelian patrimony conjoined with the influence of contemporary Italian idealism, through which Fascist thought attained maturity, conceives philosophy as praxis.”
Fascism is defined by the world’s leading scholar Emilio Gentile, “For Mussolini, syndicalism was the most modern embodiment of the spirit of Marxist doctrine, which he added to the myths of his Nietzschean aristocratic philosophy to reach a socialism of quality rather than quantity.”
Only complete dolts threw it around in such a manner.
He never defined it, purposely avoided explaining Nation came from Natal as in birth… blood.. Volk.
@@zyyl1949I'd even go one simpler. National syndalclism with a philosophy of actualism.
When I was in high school, we had the best pre-game pep rallies that filled us with school pride and unity. That made a huge impression on me. Decades later, I still think about being swept up by that energy. In that case it was used for good. But we also see how the usurpation of that energy can be used to inspire acts of madness and horror. Thought provoking video. Thank you.
Or a false perception of it
I never went to them, seemed a good time to skip out for awhile. LOL
You could call psychology ‘mind control’. That’s what we do… clearly we try and go about it in a positive way, but it has been used nefariously in the past. Psychology has been used for wicked ends.
Laura Dodsworth
@@sthomas7211 Psychology is, like all 'ologies' 'the study of . . .' That's it. Don't pervert it. What you are describing may use knowledge from psychology, but it is not psychology, it is something else.
That's a perfect microcosm of this idea of how it takes hold I'd not thought of. Although using children as the fodor for the concept ur statement offers a perfect experiment that proves out just how easily populations can be manipulated under the right circumstances. I used to participate in that high school and even college ray rah stuff and ud get a little stir of pride in ur gut at those rallies and i didn't even like my schools so this effect must be something of a ROM were born with in the interests of survival on a hostile planet. Large numbers of like thinking and acting hominids will survive against less organized groups.
Hey, someone actually from Germany here. Thank you for the video, this is a great and "wonderful" exploration of our dark history, and how easy, and dangerous it can be to slowly fall for these wicked ideas. We in Germany, of course, learn a lot about this in school, and for good reason. Yet having a video like this in English, reaching for the international community of people, for who this topic isn't the highest priority in history and sociology classes, is priceless. Again, thank you so very much for your work here.
Also from Germany... My grandfather (poet and school teacher) died somewhere in Russia, volunteering in 1944, even though he was too old to be drafted. My grandmother was a photographer with her own career (... which wasn't that common at the time). They used to live in Berlin, moved to a tiny village in the woods of Bavaria because "back to the roots, back to earth and blood", they were intellectuals, free-thinkers, nudists, progressives by the standards of their time, and ended up Nazis.
I've taken from that to be skeptical of esotericism, nationalism, ideologies of any kind.
You're full of bull droppings.
Schools brainwash. You are the product of brainwashing. We all are. You're not going to delve deeply into the truth through this brainwashing video either!
@@Antraeus I'm afraid there is no brainwashing in school. Over here, people of my age have or had actually living grandparents that lived through this time. I could actually talk to a lot of direct witnesses of the time, and I did so, over many years.
So whatever you think or someone told you, let me tell you that you're wrong with whatever conspiracy story you come up with. This happened. It actually really happened.
Fascism and Nazi ideology is actually one of humanities greatest atrocities in all of history, and we need to do everything we can to prevent this from ever happening again. And let me tell you again: If you think otherwise, you are plain wrong.
@@Tiaslin After the war the Allies (or sinister International Jewry who were in control behind the scenes and had already declared economic war on Germany in 1933) wanted Germans to suffer and regret taking part in the war. And they even declared outright that, through constant indoctrination, the German people would not even know who they were anymore.
I don't normally get into much of this kind of content. I haven't seen many other videos to rate it against. All I know is this really got me thinking, kept me fully and aptly engaged, taught me a lot of things and gave me a new appreciation for that time period and scarily a lot of things that have taken place in our own current time period.
Ignorance of history dooms us to repeat it.
October 7, the short version of WW2. Slaughter your own people for power and control. Mind boggling evil.
As does everyone knowing (or thinking they know) what they're talking about. It means that we have repeated the cycle without knowing it because people misuse the word fascist as an insult which allows it to ferment in the underworld.
It didn’t cease to exist in 1945. Baa’thism in Syria and Lebanon, the Syrian socialists nationalists, Juan Peron in Argentina and Nasser in Egypt essentially instated fascism states and most like Nasser formed their green shirts movement and were surrounded by SS officers as advisors
After the 2024 election, are we repeating this?
Ask Ukrainians and Croats .,..they know it the best as both REPEATED their 1941-1945 in 1991-nowadays ... /2014-until Russians crush them.
670 thousand views are not nearly enough for the importance of this particular history lesson. What you have created here is extraordinary in it's comprehensive simplicity. Thank you.
"comprehensive simplicity" wow, an oxymoron that fits our times...woe is our future lament
@@DiZastur Hi there. I would disagree. Hardly an oxymoron.
@@DiZastur it's all about the signal dude, intellect is a gown
What the hell are y'all talking about? Lol
And to think the fascist actually got away with kicking Trump out of office
Very well done and thought out. It's so easy to get caught up in the "crowd" and get convinced to do horrible things all while feeling righteous. Especially if you are already looking for acceptance or somewhere you can belong.
Strong state with hyperpatriotism, captured by big business....could adequately describe the US of today. Hatred of the intellectual.
You mean like throwing your family members and fellow citizens in camps or jail for not taking a newly developed vaxx? As I witnessed right here in America, a large percentage of the population can be turned into total monsters with enough media and governmental coercion.
And that’s really the hallmark of an extreme political movement. Similarly dark stuff in Marxist countries.
It’s too bad The Possessed isn’t the best known of Dostoevsky’s works. It really nailed the problem with political extremism.
@@gregkosinski2303 Marxism is not extremism.
@@Facerip Yes it is. Believing the state should control (enslave) everyone is extreme thinking. Marxism is a more murderous ideology than fascism. Those that praise Marxism without understanding this are dangerously stupid people.
I'm so happy I happened upon this channel, this is absolutely fascinating. Thank you for all the reading and research you clearly put into this. It's so refreshing to see a smart, young person doing work like this.
Ryan, I had to comment on your extensive and educational reflection on the definition of Fascism. We hear the word strewn around all the time but I've never been exposed to the history, analysis and refection on the subject in such a detailed way. You learn something new everyday. Thank you!
Your definition of fascism goes a long way toward explaining why Italian fascism never really jelled. The people of Italy did not, at least in that era, think of themselves primarily as Italians. They thought of themselves as Romans, or Venetians, or Sicilians. The idea of Italian nationalism, of thinking with the blood of a single nation, did not come naturally to the majority of Italians. Their concept of blood and of nationality was much smaller in scope.
Only an ignorant reactionary or deliberate liar would post a video like this.
Fascism is the raw power of finance capital. It has nothing to do with Marxist socialism/Communism and is indeed its polar opposite.
The confusion comes from Hilter calling himself socialist when he also specifically said that his version of socialism was anti- marxist.
Italian fascism was not a race-oriented movement (until it had to curry favour with the German national socialists in the late 1930s). For example, in the 1920s, one third of Italian Jews were members of the Italian fascist party.
@@secallen well said...it appears like you actually studied history.
It still doesn't.
What? Italian fascism was not race oriented?
I'm only 5 minutes in and I'm already fascinated how Gustave Le Bon already completely comprehended something that's still so relevant today.
I see what you did there. Fascinated you are)
Le Bon just needed to call it "The Hive Mind Effect".
Fascism is what you don’t agree with. Duh. Just look at Twitter.
read Aristotle you'll be surprised...
Hope you have a great day & Safe Travels!
As if these were new concepts in his time! What tyrant did not have at least a rudimentary grip on the fundamental ideals!
I hope you believe me on how much gratitude I have for content like this. Made with such thoughtfulness and careful attention to detail to make it understandable. This one video taught me concepts that otherwise had been confusing or muddied through time/intentional misdirection/or through the regurgitation of misinformation perpetuated as fact. I'm really grateful for all the work and care you've clearly put forward to help other people understand such important pieces of our shared history. ❤️
Yes, how very right you are.
Baaaaa baaaa sheeple
😊ou
19th century: this is the great century of individualism
20th century: this is the great century of collectivism
21st century: the FOMO hits different in this bussin situationship
Dude! You are so good at this. I started watching your videos to "learn a bit" but I think I'm now addicted.
I can tell that you love talking about this stuff, and it's causing me to love learning about this stuff as a result.
Thanks for the premium content, it is much appreciated!
Nah not really, he didn't quote Gentile, the founding philosopher of Fascism. If you're going to have a go at defining it then you need to start at the beginning.
Congratulations, Ryan, this is a great explanation. Thorough, well researched and far from the common oversimplifications and stereotypes. Thank you for your work.
'Some More News' covers this.
I have to disagree. He completely misunderstands the VERY important differences between the operation of National Socialists versus Fascist regimes AND the justification each system employs for suppressing minority groups.
Fascism survived the second world war in Spain and Portugal into the 1970s because Fascism is a corporate statism. Fascism doesn't make territorial claims based on racial imperatives.
Fascism doesn't persecute minorities on the basis they are not part of the single race (Ayrians) or group (Proletariat).
Fascism persecuted all threats to the state's power including religion per se and literally co-opted capitalist ventures into the nation (cooperativism).
The Nazis did effectively control private industry but their reason for doing so was the same reason Marxism did so, to bring about the manifest destiny of the common people.
Marx identified the common people as the prolitariat, whereas Hitler identified a particular genetic line as the oppressed and an impurity within it as the oppressor.
Oppression dynamics and manifest destiny is integral to socialism.
This is precisely how Critical Social Justice theory (CSJ) or Wokism operates.
CSJ is socialist, but like National Socialism it is attempting to overthrow the oppressor using the claims of the collectivised minorities against the oppressed majority.
Communist Antonio Gramsci invented this Cultural Marxism, and the Frankfurt school's Herbert Marcuse developed it using his "oppressive tolerance" doctrine based on "Critical Theory".
The Woke are a new racially justified form of Socialism, just as the Nazis were before them. It is straight Liberationism from the Marxist playbook.
Instead of the employee class, it is the immigrant, the sexual minority, the racial minority, that is 'oppressed' by the system set up by white-heteronomative-patriarchy .
A new form of Socialism, where the oppressed minorities are pitched against the majority host culture.
@@AndyJarman You bring up a number of points that probably merit further discussion on their own.
But if I understand what you are saying, you think that the Nazis were more like marxist socialists than fascists.
I disagree. I think Ryan is right in that nazism is fascism taken to its logical consequences.
One thing, though. Neither Franco's Spain - certainly not after 1950 - nor Salazar's Portugal were anything close to fascist regimes. They were both authoritarian, conservative dictatorships .
@@nataliorivas487 I would say that you're right, but I think that Nazism and Italian Fascism just developed differently due to the nations they developed in. Germany already had large anti-semitic sentiments in many places, so that became a part of the ideology due to the mass political nature of fascism, while in Italy, this was much less so the case. I would agree that they are both fascist states, however not necessarily the same ideologically. I think that a lot of it just has to do with the variability in Fascism in terms of the nation it develops in and the leaders of the Fascists themselves; while fascism does have many defining characteristics, as Ryan put it, they do whatever it takes to "make the nation great," which varies radically depending on who ends up in charge. For Hitler, that meant creating a racially pure society in which only the "Aryan" race would be left. For Mussolini, the racism was much more subdued, and his goal was mostly militaristic expansion and the establishment of a totalitarian empire to restore the glory and honor of Italy. Essentially, Hitler wanted to do the same thing as Mussolini, but with the massive caveat of extremely racist policies. So overall, while I agree that both are fascist states in nature, I think that the racist + genocidal policies of the Nazist Fascism developed more out of Hitler and his close supporters as well as preexisting conditions in Germany.
@@AndyJarman What a load of deliberate lies and nonsense.
Fascism is the raw power of finance capital. It has nothing to do with Marxist socialism/Communism and is indeed its polar opposite.
The confusion comes from Hilter calling himself socialist when he also specifically said that his version of socialism was anti- marxist. and when in power had socialists, unionists sent to Dachau.
Wow, what a well-thought-out, researched video. Well done! You took a difficult subject, defined it, explained it, and gave us a very useable definition.
Wrong
@bantix9902 care to explain?
Someone finally bothered to actually research and explain it instead of calling everyone fascists. This is also helpful for research
😅😂
@@bantix9902Right
Thank you, Ryan. The algorithm kindly found you for me. I'm delighted. The process by which you developed your hypothesis was impressive. I can't wait to dive into your other work.
The crowd mentality is an amazing phenomenon.in the early 70’s I attended a festival in golden gate park during a Hari Krishna celebration. The parade of practitioners danced and chanted while strolling down one of the roads in the park.i found myself dancing and chanting without realizing I had started following the mass of people. I noticed how it just took over my mind. Effortlessly.
these are not the droids your looking for.😄 just having fun on it I understand what your saying.
Did it make you wanna pick up an AR15?
It made me start looking for my electronic cabbage. 😁
(no, I wasn't there. I'm just goofy)
Woodstock 99 vs. Woodstock 69.....Very interesting what happens in 30 years and how people change. And of course the reasoning behind it all. Of course the tycoons who wanted to make a quick buck have no responsibility in the Train wreck that was Woodstock 99 nor would the leader of a violent crowd.
Fundamental to all political movments is human psychology...
I've never been so sure in a subscription. The video is well divided into easy to understand chapters while preserving the level of exactness and the use of the right terminology throughout, which is necessary for every serious topic. Cherry on top for me was the humble ending. Not buying into algorithm and asking for a subscription from viewers, only a simple "Thank you", radiating the confidence of someone worth learning from.
All moot points... neoMarxism was the winner of WWII.
The West currently lives under Marxist totalitarianism.
always amazes me when youtube brings up new channels among my recommendations but I'm glad to have found yours and this was an interesting video to watch... I am currently a third year history and political science student at the University of Western Ontario so I found the explanation very thorough and I appreciate it.. cheers
Consider that you might be watching propaganda whenever this happens. People who are actually true critics of the government, and criminality in the government, aren't allowed on here.
@@benjigeez No we can't. Most people don't understand what is in their own best interest.
I live in the United States, I see MANY self destructive fools in this country.
I’ve always felt fascism was the human form of an ant colony.
More like cockroaches.😂
Meh, an ant colony is more of the picture Communism tries to portray to the world. When communism really is one of the biggest hoaxes made by man. "A system for the workers" when a few rich and powerful control it and keep everyone heavily controlled.
You're not wrong tho
Both communism and fascism - both far Left - have no room for individualism.
What is then communism?
I have watched every single video on your channel and just want to say your approach to teaching is refreshing. Often times these kinds of subject are taught in a sort of academic language that can be hard to follow or on the other end of the spectrum without depth or research (and often with some level of contemporary political colorization). I think you strike a perfect balance between these two method and I feel like I have learned a lot from your works. I joined Patreon for the first time just to support your channel, keep up the good work.
The widespread pretentiousness among academics is a dease for the education of the masses.
I found this video quite compelling. The timeline of influence and action lends itself to the understanding of reason, or the why. Will definitely be checking out your other works and sharing with others to help dissect the world we live in presently.
These last 3-4 years we've been slipping into fascism
The Hegelian dialectic applied to Capitalism and Marxism resulta in "private-public partnerships" a.k.a. a form of fascism.
Chinese Communist Party operates more like fascists than communist. The CCP operates more like Mussolini's Italy than it does the Soviet Union.
Anyone here after the 2024 election? Chilling..
Feel like you didn't watch the video 🤔
@@leighlong5447 yeah luckily we avoided Fascism. The Biden/Harris machine had been stopped
Great Work. Your conclusions are thought provoking. "The Crowd" is next on my reading list. There is a lot to be learned here. Thanks Ryan!
I have to say: your videos are incredibly clear. Thank you for working so diligently to do that.
This is truly educational. I love all the research put into this exceptional exploration of Fascism. Well done!
Who is here in November 2024?
I'm here after the US election
You should be here after EVERY election, not just the ones your candidate doesn't win.
In my experience, the word "fascist" and accusations of fascism are used to make audiences emotional and get scared of being controlled or oppressed by the government. Honestly the truth of the word and the ideology behind it is much more unsettling.
Fascism is an ideology that does not prescribe the mode of execution. The application of fascism in Nazi Germany was unique to Adolf Hitler and his ambitions. Obviously, Mussolini’s application of fascism did not result in genocide. Therefore, if Mussolini and Hitler were both definitionally Fascist, then genocide is not a fundamental policy of Fascism. In fact, when it comes to body count, Communism claimed more victims than Nazism and Italian fascism combined. But like fascism, Communism does not necessarily prescribe violence to achieve its end.
@@renaissanceman9168 VIU BEM QUE EU SOU POVO SOU GENTE DA ARGENTE INVESTITIGADOR POR ELES TER ME GONGADO PROVOU TER ME AJUDADO NESTA INVESTIGAÇÃO . POIS EU SOU FIRME NA MINHA POSIÇÃO ESTA E A QUESTÃO DE EU SER O INFERNO PRA ELES TAI A DIFERENÇA SE TU FOR A SIM NINGUÉM PODERÁ TER INLUDIR POR NADA . #
@@renaissanceman9168 Do you find it interesting that the ideas of Karl Marx can be said to be the root of both ideologies and have so many deaths "credited" to them? Maybe Karl is much worse than Hitler and we need stories about time travel that go back to eliminate Mr. Marx. He is in the running for my most dangerous human to ever live.
Ryan does the best at history and truth.
Fascism only really comes down to complete government control. To be anti-fascist is to be for individual freedom from the nation, and yet the nation may be based on that very premise. Go figure.
This is the best in depth explanation of fascism I’ve ever seen on TH-cam and you succeeded in giving me a phrase I can walk away with. Great work!
This was very wholesome. Really enjoyed listening to it. You also have a great voice and calm which makes it easy to follow.
I absolutely cannot believe that this is the first time I discovered your account. Holy cow. Thank you so much for the videos
The leftist social nationalist are the party for hitler.
i think this guy nails it the best.... Historian Ian Kershaw once wrote that "trying to define 'fascism' is like trying to nail jelly to the wall."
It is more easy to just read fascist books
@y z no I don't know what fascium is.... enlighten me.
The most accurate definition of facism is just a cult
I do feel that you should mention Francoist spain as a semi-fascist nation, partially to pinpoint something which is not totally fascist (which does help outline the parts that create it) and partially to raise awareness of the fact that Spain did sorta go through over forty years of something beyond simple hardship under Francisco Franco, and not many people seem to know about it.
Francoist Spain became a time of a thriving moral nation, growing at a rapid rate.
The estado novo in Portugal as well under Salazar which we tend not to think about in the anglophone world because of the long relationship between Portugal and the UK even through their dictatorship
@@greatmightypanda Estado Novo was a great time for Portugal though.
@@footballnick2 The people of Portugal were the poorest in Europe under Salazar and they had the highest rate of illiteracy. Also if you lived in one of the Portuguese overseas territories they were desperately clinging onto you basically lived under constant martial law. Not great
People don’t think about Spain very much but their actual symbol during Franco‘s time was a bundle of sticks which in Latin was called a fasces.
Fascism: "The needs of the state and the needs of the people should be the same so as to reduce conflict"
Me: Okay so far so good
Fascism: "and if there is conflict, the state wins"
Me: 👁️👄👁️
Socialism with a different name
Say it louder for the socialists in the back
@@Salami-I-Like-Um It must be a burden on your mental fortitude to pretend you know something about a topic having 0 reading and actual understanding beyong superficial gibberish on said topic. Let it go of the burden. It will do you well.
That's just a totalitarianism with a sprinkle of nationalism.
Fascism is imperialist monarchy in the name of the "master race".
Maoism has a great leader but it's not fascism.
Imperialism has monarchy and exploitation but it's not fascism.
Fascism needs hirachy without mercy combined with nationlism. The "lesser races" do not matter but the individual of the "master race" doesn't matter either.
All extremist ideologies are left wing. Right-wingers believe in individual responsibility, individual freedom, small government, and low taxation. You can not get an extreme version of that.
"Blut und Boden", blood and soil was probably not what I would have thought of, so I'd like to thank Ryan Chapman for doing so because....well, he already said it. Will anyone remember? It's a start
Absolutely incredible video. Your neutral, in-depth take backed up by solid literature and examples is extremely informative and refreshing. Instant sub.
Damnit Ryan, you ruined my picnic plans for today! Another great video as always. Thank you for all the effort put in these videos
This is what exceptional scholarship looks like. Thank you for clarifying such a complex and politically manipulated ideology.
Your channel provides some amazingly presented content. Because it does something very very rare these days.
That is, neutral, unemotional, uneditorialised, informed content. It’s something I would have accepted as the norm 20 years ago, but is unheard of these days. Too many TH-camrs and talking heads are telling us what to think, how to feel, and what conclusions to draw. Thank you for treating your audience like adults.
This video is filled with so many falsehoods and blatant lies that it should be disregarded. He is extremely ignorant when it comes to these things he is attempting to speak about. The Nazis were NOT fascists. They were NATIONAL SOCIALISTS. The Italians called themselves fascists but Mussolini was a socialist his entire life and so was his entire family. These 2 leaders practiced NATIONAL SOCIALISM as opposed to GLOBAL SOCIALISM/ GLOBAL COMMUNISM like the Bolsheviks / Marxists of the time and the same with the leftists of today.
Excellent explanation. Thanks for taking a balanced view rather than the usual people trying to align facsim with the opposite of their own political view.
I really like this channel because it breaks my habit of bite sized information that usually only serves to confirm what i already believe to understand about a certain topic. It gives me a chance to not fully identify with one or the other point of view, which, in these times, is a rare and comforting commodity
I had a close attachment to my grandfather Tomasso. He came to the USA from Italy in 1920. I was 20 years old in 1968 when I visited him to say goodbye. I was home on military leave with orders to report to Vietnam in 3 days. It was the 1st and only time he spoke to me of being in the Italian Calvary 13:01 WWI. 54 years later I still remember the gist of the conversation. He was escaping “Fassci, Mussolini, poverty and starvation”. In 1968 had no idea what he was talking about. Today I realize he was a wise old sage.
Regarding what you spoke on with "The Crowd:" during my time in security and law enforcement, I can say there is a lot of truth to this. When people get into a crowd, mob, or any large group they think less as an individual and their behavior is based more on how the group feels. You see this in things like "the bystander effect," or even how performers work the crowd. If you've been to a good concert, you've felt it. When the energy of the crowd is high, so is yours.
Police use this in crowd control or to quell riots. Anti riot tactics are meant to make the crowd think more like an individual but keep the police in a "group think." Half as Interesting has a great video on it.
same with church services.
The bundle of sticks that represents Fascism is what you describe.
@@chloegrobler4275 yes and there's a science behind it. From how they worship in the beginning with song to the sermon of which something will make you question yourself and your guilt to the soft depressing alter call song to the tithe or offering. When I realized what it was doing it felt very unJesus like. That's who I myself look to for influence. How would Jesus treat this person or situation? Would he give or take? The only thing I read that Jesus took was kindness not money or clout. I don't put myself in any religious category including Christianity. I am just a human being with a soul doing my best to spread warmth and kindness where I can. If I can't give money to someone in need a hug, supportive smile, listening ear, shoulder to cry on could help even more.
@@joedirt3970 I suppose. I'm glad you aren't saying you're a Christian. One accord, and a common purpose is what the church service is about, if it's not for you, that's fine. The guilt you felt, maybe you should've, but I don't know? I feel guilty when I do wrong, to turn that off, or to want to? You don't need to be a Christian to feel guilt. Jesus said don't worry about what's in your purse to his disciples, so yes, we are supposed to give to people who are in service to Christ, but they should also be good stewards, and there's no denying some aren't good stewards. This can be said of any organization, but churches in sheer numbers are much less corrupt than a lot of non Christian Charities. I remember when I gave money to the Clinton Foundation to help Haitians. I was pretty broke at the time too, to find out what they did, really sad. It was also a valuable lesson.
21:40 What you’re describing is just… capitalism. The Nordic countries aren’t "part capitalist, part socialist", they’re capitalist. Part of that is state capitalism, but it’s still capitalism. The US isn’t "part socialist" because the military is run by the State. As you point out later, the core idea of socialism (or communism) is the abolition of private property. Property owned by a state is still private property, hence "state capitalism".
FWIW, I really appreciate Kevin Passmore’s approach to "defining" fascism in their 2nd edition of "Fascism: A Very Short Introduction".
Your mistake here is you equate socialism and communism, which just doesn't hold up.
@@redryan20000 however you define socialism, it doesn't mean just "the government gives you stuff." Spending a lot of government money on schools, food, and education while keeping a capitalist economy is not "socialist." It is Keynesian.
And hey, you don't even have to take my word for it!
Mussolini actually speaks up about this: he referred to the economics of John Maynard Keynes as "useful introduction to fascist economics." He also bragged in the 30s that Fascism was akin to America's "New Deal"--America's Depression-era programs of relief that helped prop up capitalism for another century or so.
Now, I think a big difference between pure Keynesian economics and Italian Fascism's version of it was the "Corporatist" approach to keeping industry and labor working hard to energize the war machine. But it would be wrong to say that Corporatism "replaced" capitalism. It actually gave capitalists a place of HONOR! It simply meant that Mussolini got to get the rich capitalist leaders of several industries in a room together every once in a while and said "Hey, Massimo! You can't sell scrap metal to the Greeks!" or whatever.
But other than that, if you actually look at the Fascists in Italy, they did nothing but PRIVATIZE industries for the first several years they were in power! Even the press wasn't run directly by the government but through his capitalist buddy who had built an empire in radio.
Even later, during the Depression, when the banks needed bailouts, the Fascists bought stock in the banks, but didn't actually nationalize them. It's more like what we did during our own financial crash--which is to REWARD stupid capitalists for exploiting us by giving them money because they are "too big to fail" and yet just failed.
(I'm afraid to post links on here but DM me and I'll send you my sources... but this is all stuff you can probably find on wpdia).
@@d.m.collins1501 No I don't think it does. It's a more broad family of policies and ideologies.
Absolutely fantastic remarks and analysis, this is why I try to explain many socialist/communist who doesn't understand how economy and political economy works
@@d.m.collins1501So the IRI just didn’t exist?
I'm a retired professor of psychological anthropology. I'm only up to about 2:30 in your video, but I'm deeply impressed by your analytical rigor, intellectual honesty and obvious desire to promote insight, critical thinking and reason well done! I would be among those who would quibble about the Nazi regime "being fascist," but by stating firmly that only two polities can non-controversially be considered "fascist" you have already gone far beyond the norms in truly attempting to understand the term and presumably use it judiciously.
Having not watched the entire video yet, I don't know what you get into later on, but one comment I would offer (in case it isn't something you address). Fascism, and the Nazi movement which was largely influenced by it are two very specific examples of a broader type of socio-political order we can call totalitarianism. There are and have been various forms of totalitarianism, and while the term is legitimately restricted primarily to post-industrial era polities, similar sorts of despotic or autocratic regimes are quite prevalent throughout human history.
Generally, when people make the error of calling their modern day counterparts or opponents "fascist" what they really should be saying if they wanted to accurately and precisely express their thoughts would be to call them autocrats or totalitarians or perhaps despots.
Now if we can make advances in the misuse of the catch-all terms "Left" and "Right" on the political spectrum as well as "Liberal vs. Conservative" we are off to an intellectual revolution!
Criticism in the comments is often valid. Tbh, this video here just pales in Comparison to the Fash-Coverage of 'Some More News', even if we only include the videos literally have the F-Word in the Title.
I want every Republican in America to view the 35th minute of this video.
If I could, I'd make it a law.
Well Diche, I agree totalitarianism is the umbrella term for despotic regimes. As I know you know fascism is one very specific kind of autocratic ideology and we use the term as a differentiator versus communism, socialism and other kinds of totalitarianism because if we were to use this term alone it would be too vague and wouldn't explain what kind of dictatorship we're talking about.
I suspect "fascist" as an invective both during and after the fall of fascism extant came from communists needs to have a "word" that hit as hard as "commie" did in the west. I agree with you, "left" and "right" don't mean a hell of a lot if you're attempting to compare what those words meant in 1935 Europe against the modern "left" and "right" in the United States. Classical liberal values were despised by both the "left" and "right" of 1935 Europe.
ETA: Watched through. Very nice job on a very complex subject. It seems Mr. Chapman reached the same conclusion I did in regards to why "fascism" is bandied about so often.
He didn't draw the obvious conclusion, admittedly outside the scope of what he wanted to achieve, that when religion is suppressed, or any morality that values the individual for that matter, it becomes quite easy for the collectivists to break some weak eggs for "the greater good". A belief in the intrinsic, immutable value of every man woman and child is the only thing that protects the weak from the strong.
Wonderful job, Mr. Chapman.
Who has no insight can not promote insight.
Excellent video! Thank you so very much! I’ve saved it to my list so I can watch it again. There’s so much information here it’ll take me a few times to watch the video so it really sinks in.
I do not know why this video was suggested for me, but I am so glad that it was. This is very well thought out and constructed. To anyone that has not already, many of the books referenced here are so worth reading in full if you found this video interesting!
Looking forward to watching through your backlog over the new few weeks!
"Everything Within the State, Nothing Against the State, Nothing Outside the State" - IMO, perfect definition.
Lacks any spirit though...
@Tommy Gunnarsson sure, sure.. If you believe someone in power will do something to knowingly and willingly decrease it you probably still believe that socialism can work, it just hasn't been done the right way.
@Tommy Gunnarsson Except that never happens, and never will. People don't give up power. Marx was a dope for many reasons but his basic misunderstanding of human nature was the dopiest.
@@AllofJudea Marx wasn't being a dope when he said the state would dissolve, he was just lying. Granted he wasn't a smart man in general though
Perfect definition of left of centre way of thinking. A BIG state is the common denominator in Fascism of Mussolini, Nazism of Hitler and Totalitarianism of Stalin.Disappointed by the dismissal of Fascism as a LEFT ideology.
"Ideological subversion" is a term that originates from the Cold War era, specifically in the context of Soviet psychological warfare and intelligence activities. It refers to the process of changing the perception of reality of a society in such a way that despite the abundance of information, no one is able to come to sensible conclusions in the interest of defending themselves, their families, their community, and their country.
Exactly the same thing the radical leftists/ Bolshevik’s are doing today in every western country around the world. Complete subversion
This is a great job 👏 Thank you. Everybody should know this. Have you thought in making shorts with only fragments of this big video. Hoping some people that look the shorts want to know more and look after to see this video.
I am glad to see an exploration of Fascism that isn't just a regurgitation of Umberto Echos Ur-Fascism, it is interesting to see how the actual fascists thought about their own political ideology and their logic for doing what they did, it helps us understand how so many people, especially intellectuals fell for the ideology in the early 20th century.
Spain?
I know a few Spaniards who say they'd love Franco back.
What was he then?
A hit-man for Frey Bentos?
@@tonycoffey2485 and I know some trumpets ,that love to see the "orangutan" back .😂😆😂😂😂😂. 😁
@@arturovasquez8339 Watches whole video about fascism.... still doesn't know what it is.
@@arturovasquez8339 As an American watching this video it is so evident all around us
@@arturovasquez8339 Dehumanizing your political opponents...kind of like what a failed Austrian art student did. How very anti-fascist of you.
This is perfect journalism. No bias, just good analysis of literature and world history.
Well he was kinda bias against genecide
@@knightofsvea604 would be weird if not 💀
Bias-less journalism is a fake term. All content, whether it’s in print media or a video on TH-cam, has been created by humans and thus will carry some form of bias. Pls open your eyes ppl, don’t be lulled to sleep by a so called “journalist with integrity.”
@Fascist670 the real problem is idiots who believe in "international Jewry."
@FASCIST you're right.
This is my second video from your channel. Very well done. Really happy with my subscription
Communism and fascism are more similar to each other than to democracy. This idea is known as the Horseshoe Theory. Instead of being on opposite ends of a linear spectrum, the far left and far right bend towards each other, forming a horseshoe shape where they meet around authoritarian, military-controlled government.
Democracy is not without its fraughts.
Centrist bs, communism as described by marx is economic democracy to add to the already existing (although in his opinion because of capital flawed) political democracy. Marx mentions freedom more then equality in his work because for him communism is just economic freedom to add to political freedom. You can agree or disagree with him, but communist have always been the biggest opponents of fascist, while the liberal democrats chose to work with fascist in countries like germany.
"The only difference between a Communist and a Nazi is patriotism"
-Carroll Quigley
@UberGringo He was brilliant. I've read his book 'Tragedy & Hope' and it's one of my all time favorites.
@@UberGringo
Tell me you haven’t read theory without telling me you haven’t read theory
Fantastic work! It's so rare to meet an academic research in such a popular form. I've liked and subscribed.
Just one thing missing funding of capitalist and using fascist against communism.
th-cam.com/video/RrCzYu3hs68/w-d-xo.html
“It’s not who votes that counts, it’s who counts the votes that matters” -Stalin
The hive minds and intellectuals who are goose stepping towards another totalitarian reality is frightening.
I dont think stalin represents fascism, though. His dictatorship was in the other side of the political spectrum. Fascism is the alliance of the political elites with the economic elites. Its extrem right. Kind of what the united states is right now.
Indeed. It reminds me how we do things on personal level. We promise ourselves that we will not eat junk food, that we will workout and we will clean up the house, but we always somehow end up making same mistake over and over again. The same thing seems to play out on a grand scale from time to time.
And don't we know that...
I would never have thought of Trump as an intellectual . . . .
@@qcsorter4626 What do you mean trump?? The whole usa political system is fascist!!! Havent you realized it is an oligarchy?
Thank you for this video and this more precise definition . I’m truly getting sick of people across the political spectrum throwing around fascist to pretty much describe anytime they disagree with someone or anytime the government does stuff that limits their freedom.
It makes for rallying hyperbole when a state oppresses the people in the name of the collectivist good, that you point to those that were most effective at doing so in recent history.
@@Zeal_Faith_Humanity first off, this channel is not Marxist at all, it’s actually quite anti-Marxist. Second, I completely agree with your last point
@@Zeal_Faith_Humanity What are you like Gentile’s agent or something? Why are you pushing so hard for that one source?
Let me give my definitions Then and Tell you why I disagree.
National Socialism is broadly speaking to be defined as:
Pan- germanic totalitarian Ultranationalist aryanism
fascism (talking about Generic Fascism) is: National Syndicalism
The Term Fascio in Italian was used AS a Synonym to the Term Trade Union. Why? Well what IS a Trade Union? A Trade Union is a Union of Workers uniting into an organization advocating for their interests. IT IS collective of worker, group of Workers, a Brunch of Workers Entering into an organization. One could even Claim that it is a bundle of Workers like a bundle of Sticks. A bundle in Italian AS already Stated IS a Fascio. Fascism is Nothing but Syndicalism or to be precise: Fascism (generically speaking ) is an Ultranationalist totalitarian Form of Syndicalism. Instead of saying Trade Union however They (the fascists) used the Term Corporation.
Infact the the Term Corporation IS Just a another Name for Trade Union, for a corporation IS a Trade Union brought into the national System that is the State.
To conclude
Nazism = folkish Aryanist totalitarianism with Pan Germanic characteristics
Fascism = National Syndicalism with a philosophy of Actualism.
Nazism and Fascism are similar but Not the Same Thing. Both AIM to Ideologically create a Synthesis between Socialism and Nationalism for their respective Peoples and Nations. One idealistic about, the Other embraced racist materialism.
THEY ARE NOT THE SAME
Fascism finds its roots in sorelian vitalism, and Syndicalism. Nazism finds its roots in German Socialism, which already Antisemitic during its existence and the Racial Theories of the late 19th century, AS Well AS some Nietzschian Thought.
@Urban Development yes. They do. They cannot actually argue the point so they make you slog through unnecessary bullshit constantly and it makes you look like you're struggling to get anywhere while their oversimplistic views get through easily.
I literally listen to your videos everyday at work, on point explanations in all of them. Great work Ryan. keep it up.
This young scholar is a blessing and a public utility - let's make it possible for historians and philosophers like Chapman to enjoy greater renown and accessibility - for those who thirst for knowledge but find themselves restrained by matters social, racial and/or economic.
So many people think the word Fascism was made in modern times by people looking back and branding it "fascism". Not true at all. Great perspective offered in this video. Thank you!
It is most unfortunate that those who have fallen under the myth and/or hive-crowd mentality are the least likely to view or even attempt to understand the historical facts ad knowledge you have presented. Thank you for making the effort.
This is true, but you’d be surprised at the small groups of people who attempt to create an intellectual movement out of these nowadays.
I think the biggest problem is what was the biggest strength of fascism, and what Hitler himself mentioned in Mein Kampf: the narrower, the simpler the ideas, the more likely they are to appeal to the crowd - because they correspond with the crowd's intellectual level.
Looks like Hitler didn't have much regard for his followers and it also explains why nationalist parties seem to have the most cynical members.
But that also means that a democratic society is destined to create a hell for itself because most people are simple, and logic, intellectual depth, the ability to see the bigger picture and even true compassion are all relatively scarce.
Please tell me that I'm wrong.
@@frusia123 I'm sorry, but I think you're right.
Almost every "true-believer" of any ideology I've seen has been mostly repeating slogans and catchphrases seemingly with no understanding of their meaning, instead of actual arguments.
People often question themselves and their positions when they are alone..”do i have this right”? “Am i arguing a valid position”?? Always wise to understand the oppositions viewpoint when standing against them...now to listen 👂
Myth supported by fact is now known as... conspiracy
Two videos into your channel and I’m hooked!!!
Obviously your content is complex, but your delivery is clear and concise. When you do explain in more detail, it’s not drawn out and self indulgent.
Very cool!!!
The coolest thing though…I have no idea what your political views are. In my opinion, probably the most unbiased show I’ve watched regarding these topics.
Thanks for all the hard work.
Outstanding capacity to perfectly relay the essential bits of information in a very clear order. You sir have a gift.
Kinda like how the news companies were in the past.
Great breakdown of a complex topic. One slight point of contention: Your "Blood & Soil" conclusion is spot on, but fascism also seems to always include a 'Cult of Personality'. Think of a "fasces"; the root word of 'fascism': a bundle of rods, held together by tightly-wrapped cord. The symbolism of the reeds being individually weak, but strong when bound together, parallels your blood & soil, with the nation's people as the blood, them being the reeds. But the fasces' reeds are bound together around an axe. The axe is the strong, autocratic leader. In ancient Rome, the Axe was Caesar or the senate. In Italian fascism, Mussolini was the axe. In Germany, it was Hitler. Both fascist states were built around the 'man', as much as, if not more than the people.
I would say the Cult of Personality, is an aspect of any successful political leader. Whether the above fascists, Lenin or Stalin, Chairman Mao, Pol Pot, ...Obama, Justin Trudeau, the Queen, Biden....even Trump. Sometimes the cult of personality is naturally contagious and effective, sometimes it is forced by media, propoganda, censorship and/or jack boots.
I've been studying fascism for decades, and yours is arguably the best definition I've come across. Your idea that Blood and Soil (Blut und Boden) is the backbone of this definition is accurate as long as we remember that Blut does not refer only or even completely to DNA. Perhaps its primary element is myth, which also figures prominently in your treatment.
eh I don't like his definition it's too nebulous. "populist ultra-nationalism" is better.
@@scambammer6102 I don’t now that “populist ultra-nationalism” is precise enough. Maybe a necessary aspect, but it doesn’t include the Hegelian philosophical roots that makes the individual a servant of the social myths and goals or the ethno-centricity of the politics.
@@donald4nola Ryan's formulation doesn't include the Hegelian roots either, and I don't think that's needed for the description anyway. It is interesting historical background, but has little to do with how fascism presented itself on the ground.
@@scambammer6102 I see what you’re saying, but without sacrificing the individual to the needs of the state, I don’t think it’s fascism. But it probably doesn’t matter on the ground. Virulent ultra-nationalism gets ugly enough.
@@donald4nola that’s an interesting point. From the fascist’s POV, the individual doesn’t sacrifice his interests to those of the state. Rather, the interests of the state and individual merge. The interests of the individual ARE the interests of the state. Obviously that’s a debatable assertion.
You can’t really define fascism accurately without it’s roots. The word fascism comes from the syndicalist trade unions in the south of Italy which were called fascio, the party was originally the revolutionary fascio of international action, before dropping the internationalism. Also, the intellectual origins are French via the Cercle Proudhon which attempted to reconcile the mutualist economics of the anarchist Pierre-Joseph Proudhon with the integral nationalism of Charles Maurras. Part of this group was Georges Sorel, who Mussolini cited as his main inspiration and without there would be no fascism. This syndicalist root held into the fascist era as the syndicalists of Edmondo Rossoni were the single largest organisation with 3 times the membership of the fascist party itself. German national socialism was a weird mix of existentialism, the Völkisch movement, the ideas of Houston-Stewart Chamberlain and the conservative revolution. It was an economic lecture from Gottfried Feder that drew Hitler into the party, and before him it much more resembled something of an agrarian corporate state. Spanish falangism, Romanian legionarism, Brazilian integralism, Mexican Synarchism etc all had their own variants, but the key tennant was always philosophical idealism under a corporate state, this seems to be the only fixed dogma
This is a really great topic. I was curious about this and really appreciate your clarity.
Congrats! a fabulous work on an ideology, a word, that is so often and commonly used - and abused - mostly without any fundamental knowledge of it. Thanks a lot!
Ryan, thank you for this lesson- very well done. I don't think the word fascism is used loosely to describe the current condition of India. PM Modi's BJP party is a right-wing Hindu-nationalist party with close ideological and organizational links to the RSS. The RSS unabashedly takes inspiration from Adolf Hitler, asserting that India belongs to Hindus and that the country’s minorities (first target being Muslims, then Christians and others) should be treated along the lines of the Nazis’ treatment of the Jews. Dehumanization of Muslims, public lynchings, and destruction of mosques and homes have already begun while the government and police of the "world's largest democracy" turn a blind eye. If the world body continues to ignore this situation, there will be another genocide. .
India has been a follower of Russian communism for a very long time. It is not surprising if they changed their flavor of socialism from Communism to fascism.
RSS is somewhat like the Brownshirts of India.
Bajrang Dal is far far worse.
How about in Pakistan, the " country of the pure."? Do you see any sign of fascist treatment of their religious minorities? Besides, isn't genocide of the Hindus the project of the Muslim invaders?
@@markaguilera493 Wrong! Pakistan has a lot wrong; however, it is not the same as India. There is prejudice in the Pakistani population, but the government does not have an agenda of genocide. RSS and Hindutva's agenda is to rid India of all non-Hindus by conversion or killing. BJP politicians are openly calling for the genocide of Muslims- look it up in any credible news source. Muslims are systemically oppressed by the ruling party, army, and police. Your bigoted reference to the past, "Muslim Invaders," should correctly be "Mogul Invaders." They were invaders that happened to be Muslim. Would you call the Nazi Party the "Christian Party" because Nazis were Christian, and Hitler proclaimed, "Our movement is Christian?" I wouldn't even call Hindutva Hindus because Hinduism is a peaceful religion. Moguls did not go to India to commit genocide or spread Islam- they went there to expand their imperialism, like any other monarchy. Moguls had Hindu advisors, generals, and wives. One of the most famous Moguls, Akbar, even created a new religion for himself consisting of Hindu and Muslim beliefs. If you were correct, the second most populated country in the world wouldn't be 80% Hindu and 10% Muslim today.
Best description I’ve ever heard: 1/3 of the population wanting to kill another 1/3 while the final 1/3 stands by and watches.
My parents were born in 1924 or 25 and grew up in Berlin, Germany. They were happy members of Hitler Youth durIing the 1930's. Dad was drafted to the Eastern front during the 2nd half of the WWII. They emigrated to Canada in the early 1950's where I was born. Dad would espouse values of Work, Pride, Respect. Were these values of Nazis, etc. before the war ? Very interesting videos. Thx
Work, pride, respect and other rules like being on time have always been “german” principles, even before WW1, that’s why the german population felt so violated after that defeat and the respectless treaty of versailles which helped Hitler gain influence amongst the population (my take as a 22 y/o German living in Berlin).
@@tomkem.6515 On time, yes, and 'discipline' were also virtues, as well as 'aryan german elitism''. thx.
@@roykressin8229 how was „aryan german elitism“ a virtue? Explain. Germany always had a huge working class that doesn’t associate with elitism, and the aryan stuff eas brought up by hitler and didnt exist before and after
@@tomkem.6515 I shouldn't have used the word 'virtue'. Value or idea would be better word choice here. Specifically I listed being on time as a virtue :) . The results of Hitler's German elitism ideas in history were undeniably terrible and abhorrent and not virtuous at all. So, now a senior citizen myself but the son of a WWII German soldier (as described above as the PEI guy), I'm still working on untangling these ideas and values. I'm asking how were these ideas, values codified, institutionalized and taught to Hitler youth in the 1930's? Work, Pride, Respect, Punctuality, Discipline, Elitism.
@@roykressin8229 i got you, sorry if I came across as hostile. My grandparents never talked about the war, and when by granddad tried he got caught in trauma, freezed and startetd to tear up in silence. But my grandma always said that her youth was the best time of her life (she was part of the Hitler Jugend) so I imagine they hd great influence on young people back then and knew how to utilize their energy and naiveness to their own goals.
“Please take to heart the lesson of history and what happens when you vote on the basis of symbolism and rhetoric. It doesn’t matter how smart you are, unless you stop and think.” ~T. Sowell
Lol, imagine thinking Thomas Sowell is a good source to cite 😂 He’s ‘one of the good ones’
@@deltabot6550 Did you just make a racist comment about Sowell?
@@TheNonEdibleCheese mockingly, yes.
@@deltabot6550 So you're fine with racism as long as it's mocking a highly intelligent black man whom you don't like?
@@TheNonEdibleCheese if ‘highly intelligent’ is how you want to describe him… I wouldn’t. This is a pretty sad attempt. Do you want to try something else? Or are you set on seeing this one through?
Quality analysis. Well done for condensing this into such a coherent video
He is off base in many ways IMO. Tik history has a much more accurate breakdown
I would just like to say as someone who studies history that your presentation was perfectly done, presenting facts and information in an unbiased way. Thank you for breaking things down into terms that the average person can easily understand.
To a person like me, who gets really annoyed and irritated with the widespread loose use of this word as an insult and with no determined meaning, especially in my country (Portugal), this was a marvelous and clarifying video. Thank you.
The "loose" use of the word likely comes from the definition so closely matching what we see in the western world today, simply by subtracting two words. Fascism: a political philosophy, movement, or regime that exalts race above the individual and that stands for a centralized autocratic government, severe economic and social regimentation, and forcible suppression of opposition.
@@spuriouseffect I’m sorry but I do not understand your point. After such a clear video your comment is disappointingly confusing.
@@spuriouseffect Race is only in Germany’s fascism.
@@spuriouseffect Racism isn’t necessary in fascism. They just compliment each other well.
@@pale_hispanic2429 Yeah it's amazing how racist the Marxist Left is becoming.
Another view of fascism is that it's a response to communism. Where communism goes against naturalism, fascism embraces it. Communism wants to make all people equal despite the natural differences of people, fascism wants to praise the differences to seek the best there of. From that perspective you can see how fascism might appeal to the crowd just like communism had it's appeal.
It's the alternate to communism in consideration that collectivism is the way forward. Where communism wants to transform from the individual to the state, then to the people; fascism looks to stop at the state, seeing it as the ultimate authority.
@@misterkid I don't agree. Communism works by getting people to police each other and report each other to the state. fascism does the same thing. They use myth to fuel this behavior among people. The myth seems plausible and people buy into it. Both want to make the world a better place, communism uses the equality myth, and fascism uses the greatness of the country myth.
@@AstroSquid I'm not for Communism, that's just how it describes itself. The transition of power from capitalism to socialism to communism.
@@misterkid Words are meaningless at the most just a tool. But mob mentality is swayed by them, myths of beliefs. So stating what something "is" is different that isolating "how" people allow power to transfer.
@@AstroSquid right, but the hypothesized theory doesn't change, just the theory in practice. The ideologies are simply hypothesized theories
This was very well put together. I appreciate the level of detail and also the notion of breaking it down for most of us to understand. Subscribed.
He's wrong tho lol.
Nazis are not fascists.
@badda_boom Uh oh, somebody didn't watch the video! He specifically mentioned how the Nazis were, in fact, not fascist. But rather an adapted idea of Leninism. Bruh moment for you
@@QuiteCoffee i watched it. It shouldnt even be here. On a video called fascism in-depth explanation.
@@badda_boom8017 Well the most common thought people have when the word Fascism is mentioned is Nazi Germany. So he explained how Germany greatly contributed to the ideas of a working fascist world. Maybe Germany shouldn't have been mentioned, but considering that Germany and Italy are the ONLY ones that have made anything like a fascist government I think it's still very note worthy to mention that. Ryan probably would have given another example, but Fascism was only done by Benito Musssolini and he coined the term in 1919 or something like that. Which isn't that long ago
@@badda_boom8017 Legit you are so surface level. He included the topic because general knowledge is that they are, and he’s trying to explain that.
So glad I stumbled across your channel. 24:30 “Make Germany great again” sound familiar?
During a time where we have absolute information at our fingertips…people still don’t understand and are illiterate. Great video!
the information that I have looked for is distorted , take the definition of facism from a 1980's dictionary and then look it up online , it has been perverted for one groups political needs
@scabthecat so technically anything
@t luddite without a doubt 💯
Too much information without real world experience.
honestly there is peace in not understanding all these different meanings.
This is such a great contribution to the educational part of youtube. Truly great work. I knew a lot of this, as I grew up in Germany and we discuss a lot of this in school but I also learned new things and bits, thank you so much!
Another stellar explainer. If only my college professors had half your talent I might have paid more attention. Job well done, Ryan!
This was incredibly informative. Thank you so much, it’s hard to find good answers about stuff like this.
I TOTALLY AGREE with that Sign in the background, which read: "FASCISM is the DECAY of Capitalism"
🎯🎯🎯
@@Historia.Magistra.Vitae. Fascism isn't an economic ideology
Fascism arose in an agrarian nation where industrial capitalism barely even existed
@@eeee-rp1hp and you said that to say what?? You 🤡
I think this is a well-researched, well-argued video. Thank you very much. Here are some comments:
1) I’m still left with the feeling the ideological boundary line between Fascist and Not-Fascist is very blurry at the edges. It’s not as sharp as the distinction between permitting private property and abolishing it.
Nationalism, and the invocation of blood and soil, both long pre-date Mussolini. Here’s Herodotus recording the Athenians promising total support to their Spartan brothers in the fight against the Persian invaders: “(We give you) the kinship of all Greeks in blood and speech, and the shrines of gods and the sacrifices that we have in common, and the likeness of our way of life, to all which it would ill beseem Athenians to be false.” While Herodotus isn’t describing modern, post 1821-style Greek nationalism, the blood and soil evocation is definitely already there. I don’t think it’s helpful to describe such ancient sentiments as “Fascist”.
2) It’s also worth noting that some manifestations of nationalism are isolationist rather than expansionist (e.g. Sakoku era Japan, “little Englander” sentiment in the UK, “beware of foreign entanglements” isolationism in the US, Swiss particularism, De Valera’s policy of Irish neutrality, maybe modern Bhutan).
3) Italian Fascism wasn’t really racial. Mussolini’s mistress and ideological soul-mate was Margherita Sarfatti, who was Jewish. Italian Fascism only became truly anti-semitic once Mussolini became completely dependent on German power.
4) One non-exclusive but important feature of Fascism was the systematic use of war powers during peace time. All the countries which fought in World War One wound up with some state direction of industry, in a public-private state-managerial hybrid. But most countries unwound things after 1918 (and even Lenin and the Bolsheviks went from War Communism to the looser New Economic Policy once the Civil War was won). Mussolini’s public works programme to clear the Pontine Marshes felt like a new departure at the time. It had a pseudo-military intensity which went beyond previous norms of peacetime mobilisation. Ultimately the Bolsheviks easily out-did Mussolini in their willingness to use war powers during peace time, to relocate people, put them in collective farms, etc. But Mussolini’s example was widely noticed...
5) Here is a quote from the inaugural address of FDR:
“If we are to go forward, we must move as a trained and loyal army willing to sacrifice for the good of a common discipline, because without such discipline no progress can be made, no leadership becomes effective.... We are, I know, ready and willing to submit our lives and our property to such discipline, because it makes possible a leadership which aims at the larger good.... I assume unhesitatingly the leadership of this great army of our people.... In the event that the Congress shall fail... I shall ask the Congress for the one remaining instrument to meet the crisis - broad Executive power to wage a war against the emergency, as great as the power that would be given to me if we were in fact invaded by a foreign foe…”
Is that a little bit “fashy”? Not full-on Fascist, but still borrowing from its rhetorical style...
Sounds a lot like what this administration is doing now.
Much of lefts ideas resemble this behavior on the same level. Its on a grander scale, they have support (and lack of)across the globe, creating divides amongst people and governing bodies. Hence you either are with us or against us mentality. Very little middle ground, promoting everything who doesnt agree with them with demonizing imagery. They have not hidden that they favor a collection communism, socialism. Marxism, just a few I have seen, ideology.
They shifted as wanting to keep slavery on race, to keeping all races in a slavery to support them first, whats left over for us to conflict over. So they ditched the weaker powers of state control and keeping blacks as race meant for slavery. Control on the federal level has more power and if they "support" to the defense and equality of minorities they gain their support as well as from the majority using hate as the unify emotion. The impressive part is how they use Americas faults, ironically the ones they capitalized, as the uniting factor, how we need to right the wrongs of history. Its not the blood we share, its the blood we dont share and the blood thats has been shed that they are able to gain the "good of nation" mentality.
Much of the pandemic this can be seen, promoting reporting neighbors and such for disobeying their mandates, the societal enforcement to force the vaccines, Fauci funding China for Gain of Function of coronaviruses, create the problem in concealment, and reveal the solution in the open. Propaganda through the media which they inherently control.
Dont get me wrong both sides have corruption. Its just what is there goal if corruption and whether or not its on an individual personal gain or organizational singular goal. I do know is that it is not a government for the people by the people of the people.
@@floorcoatin4u I agree 100%. We cannot vote ourselves out of this, but that is a start. Our decades of comfort and inaction while the Dems have been mobilizing have permitted this Leviathan to devour every institution. We must step up and get involved. If that means home schooling, running for the school board, being a poll watcher, or something more broad, we have to step up before everything, our children in particular, is lost.
Well put and thoughtful input. In my reading of ancient history a re emerging theme (the human proclivity towards idolatry, all the energy spent making the dumb idols speak, and all the energy spent keeping them speaking). Fascism has had a few different meanings over time but the basic ingredients seem to remain as you so well pointed out. ( An exclusive blood culture bounded by a large territory or nation).I mention idolatry because there are many analogues and cultural artifacts that were used to reinforce an authorial mythical "god given'" nature attached to various blood lines .
@@bethcoddington2150 In what way would you change things? What specific thing has this current administration done that is so bad? We can agree that things could be better, but the venomous propaganda must stop.