I like how you can see the partial Rubidium glass container zipping around the bottom rim of the water container like a very fast torpedo. It must have went around like twice in the first tenth of a second cause you see it go by then it explodes again back at the point you seen it zip past. So either it expelled some of the metal out and exploded shortly after or it went around twice very fast. It almost had a pulsating tempo as if to keep it's momentum going.
If you watch the right side of the screen carefully at 5:48 through 5:50 you will actually see that the ampule has jumped up out of the water and is near the top of the screen. What I think actually happened is that your second reaction occurs when the ampule lands back in the water, as the reaction begins at the right had side of the vessel at around 5:57 to 5:58. To take this a little further, I would say that what is happening is similar to the charcoal/liquid oxygen reaction where the gas that is created is keeping the ampule bouncing on top of the water and then it throws it up into the air where the reaction slows and when it hits the water again it begins to strongly react. You are also able to see shards of glass ejected from the water towards the right of the screen between 5:44 to 5:47 which seems to indicate that you have a pressure wave that not only propagates from the explosion to the right but also hits the side of the container driving that wave towards the right as well. When the ampule hits at the right around 5:58 the reaction pressure waves seem to move back towards the left.
Actually looking at it again and pausing frequently, I think that you can actually see the ampule circling around the indented ring of the container from the left side where it first enters the water. The signs are the purple light and stronger explosions at around 5:46 and 5:47 at the front of the container, just before the ampule ejects up from the water on the right hand side.
If this experiment to be held in dark then sir form where the rubidium vapours will absorb reddish light to give violet colour? ......my imagination says this.....
@@klausolekristiansen2960 Your reply made me watch this video again 😊 By the way indicator as well as rubidium is said be absorbing light of visible spectrum of different wavelengths , And suppose it's dark then there will be no light absorbed and hence no light will emitted as well that's what I was trying to say bruh
I'd like to thank you guys. Thanks to you, I've managed to ace a verbal examination regarding my acceptance into a high school that trains chemists - the best one in Hungary! Thanks to your videos, I've managed to talk about very broad topics for quite a long time with the examiners and we both enjoyed the conversation. Once more, Thank you very much!
wow, absolutely brilliant! i didn't catch the emissions until the professor mentioned it. there's a lot going on in such a short amount of time. can't wait to see more chemistry in slow motion.
at 3:21 I can see a flash on the right side of the container. In the next frame I can see the tip of the tube shoot up out of the container until frame 3:25 when it begins to descend back into the container to explode again. It looks like what's happening is that the tube drops into the container, rockets around the container in a series of three explosions, then drops back into the container to keep exploding from the exposed end.
When I first saw the announcement of slow-mo videos on this channel, I really wasn't sure I'm gonne like them. But these videos are brilliant Brady! You don't get lost over the beautiful slow-mo pictures - there is still a lot of chemistry involved. Very nice!
Couldn't agree more. However you all and Brady came up with the idea that the professor could add detailed narration is beyond me, but thanks for reinforcing the material in such a personal manner.
One of the very small things I appreciate about when the prof explains something is that he never says "this is what happened" unless he knows for sure, if he's drawing conclusions he states before hand that "What i think what happened was..." and gives an educated guess. He's most likely right and probably has a pretty good idea he is right, but just for the off chance he isn't he makes sure we know it's his opinion
The addition of the slow motion camera make these videos better, but the step by step explanation by the Professor, ramped the "cool science" factor up by an order of magnitude
If you look closely you can see the intact bottom of the ampule shoot round counterclockwise and then launch up and out of the container before hitting the backdrop towards the right site and falling back in. This is why you see two distinct sets of reactions. The airborne ampule can be seen fairly clearly when the prof is explaining the purple/lilac emissions.
I obsessed with chemistry since I was 12 (year 1990). My time of glory for chemistry started in 1992 when I was 14. At that time, I have to learn chemistry through limited old school books. I never imagine would own a computer, let alone internet connection. Now, everything is on top of my palm and tip of my fingers.
Colorful reactions are great and explosive ones are even better. When you have both at once its entertaining as well as interesting. Good video. Keep up the good work gentlemen.
There is no need for a reaction control system, nor even the rounded bottom. All directions the ball of metal can take will ultimately end up on the radius in rough or smooth motion about the center. The blob of metals appears to make around 2 rough circuits of the tub perimeter and each time slag is removed the reaction speeds to a burst and the blob moves on with renewed momentum.
Regarding the emission of light--do you think it's the visible spectrum, or possibly partially UV or IR? In my cameras, the sensitivity of the CCDs encompasses more than the visible spectra, it also includes some UV and IR. One way to test this is to point the camera at a hot object emitting heat but not visible light and see if that is recorded as a visible glow on video.
Once again by pure chance a superior experiment/display is produced! (KMnO4 reaction) Top marks! Loved the addition of an indicator to the trough. Can't wait till the next slow-mo video!
The really interesting part of this reaction is that not only does the Rubidium go off in stages, but like the Professor said, each time the water rushes down the remaining tube of the Ampule and reacts with another piece, the remaining Ampule also gets pushed around the container, like an engine that's being 'pushed' forward by focusing repeated explosions out of a nozzle like one of those early 'thrust powered by atomic bombs' rockets from Project Orion.
one thing only slightly touched on is that, because the ampule bottom is largely intact and rounded; the reaction applies force all to one side of the rubidium mass, with the opposite side being able to move through the water quite easily. If you look closely just after the first reaction you can kindof see a trail of bubbles shoot across the front of the tank before the second reaction. In effect, they've made the world's smallest torpedo. Now we just need a tiny reaction based control system.
Hydrogen is a fantastic fuel. An engine running on H does not produce nearly as much pollutants as gasoline/diesel. Not even comparable. Best option for thermodynamic engines. But the thing is that it's expensive to produce. And storing it is also another problem (for cars). But you can bet that Big Oil doesn't want us to develop efficient methods. Don't know why you were pointed out as a spammer and got so many votes down. Your questioning is totally legit in my opinion. Cheers buddy! ;)
This is one of the best alkali metal reactions I have ever seen. Not the kind of thing to attempt in a glass trough, I think - is the plastic one made out of a bottle from a chilled water dispenser?
I'm glad your "small metallic collider" (aka, the anti-climax machine) worked out much better this time. That looked amazing! Would have been good to be able to see what was going on under the waterline. Maybe from below as others have suggested. (not easy though)
I wonder what sort of reaction you would get if you just kinda put a small amount of every element known to man into a container together and shook it about a bit
It's a very interesting question, and you've made me think quite a bit about it! I have a background in chemistry, and my initial thought is that you would get a reaction from the reactive elements. So hydrogen, sodium, lithium, chlorine, oxygen, and especially fluorine would be most involved in the reactants, each forming random compounds depending on what is around them. Water may form, table salt may form, it's anybody's guess. Then you would have the noble gases and several nonreactive metals sitting around, watching the events unfold. Great question!
I bet the amounts of different compounds would change randomly each time you tried it. Say the Sodium and Chlorine hit each other first, started a reaction at a different temprature than a different salt would make, taking a little more or a little less time to start burning the Hydrogen and Oxygen together, making slightly more or less water available to reach with X Y and Z, etc etc. Set off an avalanche and see if the snow falls along the same path or not.
I love the way they used the same video (uploaded in youtube) to explain the reaction in the video. More likable was the soothing music while the violent reaction was taking. :D
If you would like I can clarify your doubts a bit. Both of your questions were great. 1) Technically Rubidium and Phenophthalein [the fancy indicator :) ] when turns pink, at that time it is present in anionic (negative charged) form, and Rubidium forms a cation (positively charged) so the can combine, and must have combined. However the quantity of Phenophthalein is small compared to water, and thus Rubidium is in its hydroxide form in water majorly since water too provides negative OH ions. :)
I was surprised on the speed that the entire water supply turned.An even higher speed camera would have been nice to see the propagation.Great as always
It would be cool to see this with a different indicator. Perhaps a green or yellow indicator (under basic conditions) so that the purple light would be more visible. It could be used to follow the trajectory of the bulk of the rubidium. You could also perhaps better map the timing of the purple light, and the flexing of the bowl using this as well.
the reaction of rubidium with water produces hydrogen and rubidium hydroxide. the phenolphthalein indicator then reacts with the hydroxide produced in the original reaction to create water and the pink phenolphthalein anion, so the indicator doesn't significantly change the reaction, it only adds pink (also, the concentration of phenolpthalein is probably in the parts per million range)
its interesting that the reaction repeated in the manner you describe it, i would imagine the violent reaction would break the remaining intact section of the tube and expose the rest of the rubidium to water. given the fact its so powerful it even managed to violently bend the plastic container when it reacted,
The reason is that in non-specialized schools chemistry is really watered down since a lot of things do not effect people who don't work with it. However, you guys gave me the things that were left out of the term plans.
I agree with AuraStudios,I'd love to see it in a dark room.I agree with the concept of the reaction within the tube possibly causing the multiple reactions.I also think each reaction propelled the tube around the rim of the tub like a model rocket engine,or like a teher car on a string.Quite spectacular and beautiful.Do you think the emitted light would have the same color if it weren't for the Phenolphthalein?
It is, yes. Destin works with Brady occasionally. ALl of them (vsauce, smartereveryday, Brady's channels, minute physics, and a few others have started to collaborate, making all their videos more awesome)
8 ปีที่แล้ว +3
i love watching these videos (i dont know much but its still neat!)
So did the rubidium combine with pheline? (I don't know how to spell the indicator) Would they chemically combine if left alone? And do you try to recollect the rubidium from the water afterwards, or just "let it down the drain?"
@rocklea823 it is definitely him I know for a fact. Both he and Brady have posted videos recently about traveling and visiting one another. He was out there for a while and is in quite a few of their videos from time to time
The color actually comes from the phenolphthalein (an indicator) which becomes pink/fuchsia in it's alkaline form. In water, it happens when all the acidity is neutralized which happens at a pH of app. 8.3.
when the rubidium gives off the lilac colored light, why is the light lilac... you mentioned that the solution is red because it absorbed all other colors but reflects red but what happens when light is its source... is the air around it absorbing all other colors but reflecting this lilac color or is it the light wave that it is producing?
This is excellent, looks a bit like a daylight volcanic eruption. I'd recommend making a system which would dispense the cooled, solid metal in the form of a chunk onto a wide and shallow plate filled with 1-2 cm of water. That should give the most spectacular display of bursting vapor, hydroxide mist, spraying molten metal and coloured fire and should kind of like an asteroid impacting the ocean because of the molten material and the glow. It would be a bit more dangerous, though. Just a bit..
All the water, even the tiny drops that are splashing out of the container, turns pink almost instantly. It would be interesting, and quite possible (altho perhaps a bit tedious) to test the pink droplets for rubidium. I suspect the rubidium ions themselves are not diffusing so quickly thru the water, nor are individual hydroxide and hydrogen ions, but rather the water molecules collectively re-establish the equilibrium of the Arrhenius equation with unbelievable speed.
It's actually a highspeed camera, not a slow motion camera :) The HS camera can do, depending on model, between 1 and 3000 fps vs 24fps of a normal camera :)
The first explosion actually pushed the tube around in the water and the remaining Rubidium reacted giving explosions at different positions.The explosions seem to be pretty strong. Did the explosions break the remaining part of the tube by any chance?
Yeah faster camera and this experiment again would be awesome I thought I saw a whole chain reaction thing going on around the bottom from left to right of the tub with at least 7 or 8 explosions. that vapor light emission was cool to see too.
If you ever get a chance to use a high-speed camera again, perhaps you could use LEDs for the lights rather than hot incandescent lights so you won't have the melting/spray issue with the reactive metals?
It would be so cool to just see this element, let alone drop it in water. These scientists are so lucky to have access to all these goodies. Prof. Poliakoff, Please do a video on the ultra heavy elements (Ununseptium and such). Anyone ever wonder how heavy we can build?
fla playa Just because an element has a big atomic mass, does not mean that it is heavy as a solid. It depends on the density. A block of Osmium with the same volume would have a bigger weight as something like the really large atomic mass atoms at the end of the periodic table (not to say that Osmium doesn't have a big atomic mass, it is pretty massive aswell).
Two ways to define "heavy" in chemistry. The density of Rhenium is 20.02 g/cm3 tops out with Osmium at 22.59 g/cm3 and drops to 19.3 g/cm3 with Gold... The predicted density for Ununseptium is to be 7.1 g/cm3, which is craziness in my humble opinion. I was referring to large nuclei not density but I did just learn something. Never knew Osmium was the densest metal. Again I wonder how heavy or big we can build? Your prediction for the next 25 years?
Using dense materials doesn't necessarily mean it is practical for construction. More weight means more structure is needed to support it. Using lighter, flexible and resistant materials is more useful if you want to build "big". As for how big we can build, I think vsauce has a video on it or some channel like that. Using vanguard modern materials, a carbon nano-tube weave could resist the extreme forces required for a space lift, so if you count a cable that is 36000 km long as a construction, then I'd say that is one of the largest things we can build. Basically an elevator made of a cable and a ballast using the rotation of the earth to stay erect at the geostationary distance. For actual planned buildings, there is one in Saudi Arabia supposed to be 1km high, Kingdom Tower I think, That's pretty impressive.
I'm talking about building large atoms, not structures. The current biggest - heaviest - largest element is Ununoctinium 118. Again, I wonder how big - heavy - large we can build.
i think it would be very interesting to see the reaction also in the original time. or maybe you could mention how much slower you showed it in the video, just to get a feeling for the actual speed of the whole thing.
Dear periodicvideos ,don't you think that there are several explosions because the rubidium blows itself above the water and drop into it again and again ,like this video of the Anderson Univerity shows ? (/watch?v=RAFcZo8dTcU) that may be the reason for the last lumb of rubidium jumping out of container ? by the way is rubidium heavier than water ??
You guys should phone over to Gav and Dan from The SloMo Guys. They have some incredible high-speed cameras and have filmed things in a very high framerate; faster than I've ever seen from Destin. Adding Gav and Dan to your already-incredible team of scientists would make this picture even more awesome. Juuuuuuust a thought.
those elements are quite nice to handle in an atmosphere of agron or nitrogen. just saw ceasium last week in our glove-box, they did a reaction with it and no one got harmed ;)
i noticed something. When looking at it very closely i saw that the thing was flexing (as you said) And that the flexing caused some of the liquid to shoot out the middle.
I'm fascinated by the purple flames! Looks like the colour of caesium in a bunsen burner. (made a video on this :) ) Too bad, the reactions between the alkali metals and water have no higher aim than looking awesome...
Interesting. Actually, in hindsight that makes sense, considering how the small amounts of Cd and Rb we've seen in the video interact while falling through the air (i.e. not violently). Still, ampoule + hammer is both simpler and more satisfying to watch ;)
I like how you can see the partial Rubidium glass container zipping around the bottom rim of the water container like a very fast torpedo. It must have went around like twice in the first tenth of a second cause you see it go by then it explodes again back at the point you seen it zip past. So either it expelled some of the metal out and exploded shortly after or it went around twice very fast. It almost had a pulsating tempo as if to keep it's momentum going.
,
If you watch the right side of the screen carefully at 5:48 through 5:50 you will actually see that the ampule has jumped up out of the water and is near the top of the screen.
What I think actually happened is that your second reaction occurs when the ampule lands back in the water, as the reaction begins at the right had side of the vessel at around 5:57 to 5:58.
To take this a little further, I would say that what is happening is similar to the charcoal/liquid oxygen reaction where the gas that is created is keeping the ampule bouncing on top of the water and then it throws it up into the air where the reaction slows and when it hits the water again it begins to strongly react.
You are also able to see shards of glass ejected from the water towards the right of the screen between 5:44 to 5:47 which seems to indicate that you have a pressure wave that not only propagates from the explosion to the right but also hits the side of the container driving that wave towards the right as well. When the ampule hits at the right around 5:58 the reaction pressure waves seem to move back towards the left.
Actually looking at it again and pausing frequently, I think that you can actually see the ampule circling around the indented ring of the container from the left side where it first enters the water. The signs are the purple light and stronger explosions at around 5:46 and 5:47 at the front of the container, just before the ampule ejects up from the water on the right hand side.
How have I never seen this channel before? This video is 7 years old and I'm just seeing it for the first time. This is amazing.
I have a new respect for rubidium. That purple color is so vibrant!
The purple ist just from the indicator.
***** Oh, the description said phenolphthalein. Never mind! But still awesome!
^
Rubidium salts are usually white,water-soluble solids giving colourless solutions-only the flame is bright blue!
It would be cool to repeat this in darkness to see the light emissions alone... Very cool!
If this experiment to be held in dark then sir form where the rubidium vapours will absorb reddish light to give violet colour? ......my imagination says this.....
@@Rickyverma9834 No. The indicator blocks blue light, and looks red. The rubidium emits violet light. It would be visible in darkness.
@@klausolekristiansen2960
Your reply made me watch this video again 😊
By the way indicator as well as rubidium is said be absorbing light of visible spectrum of different wavelengths ,
And suppose it's dark then there will be no light absorbed and hence no light will emitted as well that's what I was trying to say bruh
I'd like to thank you guys. Thanks to you, I've managed to ace a verbal examination regarding my acceptance into a high school that trains chemists - the best one in Hungary! Thanks to your videos, I've managed to talk about very broad topics for quite a long time with the examiners and we both enjoyed the conversation.
Once more, Thank you very much!
wow, absolutely brilliant! i didn't catch the emissions until the professor mentioned it. there's a lot going on in such a short amount of time. can't wait to see more chemistry in slow motion.
Wait, is that Destin at 5:37?
I wondered exactly the same thing. It certainly looks like him.
It is indeed him.
Moldredmalco Yes it is destin. I guess he brought his hispeed camera.
Yes it is. Search smarter every day periodic videos
I wondered the same thing, Prolly he brought the hifps cam.. seed if you know his video of the article! I couldn't find
Even hard as nails Brady couldn't bend the container. That's one tough container.
I was so hoping the Prof was going to say that!
Rubidium is most reactive metal in a periodic table if we don't care about Caesium or Francium.He has explosive strength of strong TNT.
at 3:21 I can see a flash on the right side of the container. In the next frame I can see the tip of the tube shoot up out of the container until frame 3:25 when it begins to descend back into the container to explode again. It looks like what's happening is that the tube drops into the container, rockets around the container in a series of three explosions, then drops back into the container to keep exploding from the exposed end.
When I first saw the announcement of slow-mo videos on this channel, I really wasn't sure I'm gonne like them. But these videos are brilliant Brady! You don't get lost over the beautiful slow-mo pictures - there is still a lot of chemistry involved. Very nice!
Couldn't agree more. However you all and Brady came up with the idea that the professor could add detailed narration is beyond me, but thanks for reinforcing the material in such a personal manner.
One of the coolest videos you guys have made! Loved the Rb emission part, I didn't expect that at all.
this is one of the best slow motion reactions I have ever seen. Thanks Brady and Destin.
5:38, is that Destin from "Smarter Every Day" there? How come?
One of the very small things I appreciate about when the prof explains something is that he never says "this is what happened" unless he knows for sure, if he's drawing conclusions he states before hand that "What i think what happened was..." and gives an educated guess. He's most likely right and probably has a pretty good idea he is right, but just for the off chance he isn't he makes sure we know it's his opinion
The addition of the slow motion camera make these videos better, but the step by step explanation by the Professor, ramped the "cool science" factor up by an order of magnitude
Best slow motion reaction so far. Especially the purplish light near the end of the reaction.
If you look closely you can see the intact bottom of the ampule shoot round counterclockwise and then launch up and out of the container before hitting the backdrop towards the right site and falling back in. This is why you see two distinct sets of reactions. The airborne ampule can be seen fairly clearly when the prof is explaining the purple/lilac emissions.
I obsessed with chemistry since I was 12 (year 1990). My time of glory for chemistry started in 1992 when I was 14. At that time, I have to learn chemistry through limited old school books. I never imagine would own a computer, let alone internet connection. Now, everything is on top of my palm and tip of my fingers.
Great slo-mo Brady. This was a fun one and I look forward to all the new ones. Thinking about that T shirt too.
this video is so beautiful. it's astonishing. even Neil smiled, that's how beautiful it was.
Colorful reactions are great and explosive ones are even better. When you have both at once its entertaining as well as interesting. Good video. Keep up the good work gentlemen.
Phenolphthalein is my favourite indicator! I just love saying the "phth" part.... phthalein.... mmmm... diphthong..... naphthalene... phthesis.... :D
change your name to phteven
@@helterskelter416 genius
Chemistry is a bit of a mystery to me (as a social scientist), but these videos are most informative and entertaining. It also looks fun! Thanks :)))
There is no need for a reaction control system, nor even the rounded bottom. All directions the ball of metal can take will ultimately end up on the radius in rough or smooth motion about the center. The blob of metals appears to make around 2 rough circuits of the tub perimeter and each time slag is removed the reaction speeds to a burst and the blob moves on with renewed momentum.
Regarding the emission of light--do you think it's the visible spectrum, or possibly partially UV or IR? In my cameras, the sensitivity of the CCDs encompasses more than the visible spectra, it also includes some UV and IR. One way to test this is to point the camera at a hot object emitting heat but not visible light and see if that is recorded as a visible glow on video.
This guy is science, not a human, just science
That's untrue, he is one of the most human, straightforward and keen science vulgariser i've never seen
asdafafsadf
Absolutely stunning. Those light emissions are beautiful. Well done, and I enjoyed the analysis!
Once again by pure chance a superior experiment/display is produced! (KMnO4 reaction) Top marks! Loved the addition of an indicator to the trough. Can't wait till the next slow-mo video!
That was the most spectacular reaction you've had in a video yet. Amazing.
The really interesting part of this reaction is that not only does the Rubidium go off in stages, but like the Professor said, each time the water rushes down the remaining tube of the Ampule and reacts with another piece, the remaining Ampule also gets pushed around the container, like an engine that's being 'pushed' forward by focusing repeated explosions out of a nozzle like one of those early 'thrust powered by atomic bombs' rockets from Project Orion.
Its nice to see some youtubers who dont play games not saying im against it
That... was... AWESOME! Now I can finally say that I have a single favorite Periodicvideos video.
one thing only slightly touched on is that, because the ampule bottom is largely intact and rounded; the reaction applies force all to one side of the rubidium mass, with the opposite side being able to move through the water quite easily. If you look closely just after the first reaction you can kindof see a trail of bubbles shoot across the front of the tank before the second reaction. In effect, they've made the world's smallest torpedo. Now we just need a tiny reaction based control system.
Hydrogen is a fantastic fuel. An engine running on H does not produce nearly as much pollutants as gasoline/diesel. Not even comparable. Best option for thermodynamic engines.
But the thing is that it's expensive to produce. And storing it is also another problem (for cars). But you can bet that Big Oil doesn't want us to develop efficient methods.
Don't know why you were pointed out as a spammer and got so many votes down. Your questioning is totally legit in my opinion.
Cheers buddy! ;)
This is one of the best alkali metal reactions I have ever seen. Not the kind of thing to attempt in a glass trough, I think - is the plastic one made out of a bottle from a chilled water dispenser?
probably the prettiest video you've done yet
You need to build a sturdier and heavier "frame" to hang the ampoule and hit it with the hammer. The current one goes back and forth after the hit.
I'm glad your "small metallic collider" (aka, the anti-climax machine) worked out much better this time. That looked amazing!
Would have been good to be able to see what was going on under the waterline. Maybe from below as others have suggested. (not easy though)
I wonder what sort of reaction you would get if you just kinda put a small amount of every element known to man into a container together and shook it about a bit
You'd probably give birth to a tiny earth. =D
+darkIkarusEssence Aww, I like that answer. Thank you! :'D
It's a very interesting question, and you've made me think quite a bit about it! I have a background in chemistry, and my initial thought is that you would get a reaction from the reactive elements. So hydrogen, sodium, lithium, chlorine, oxygen, and especially fluorine would be most involved in the reactants, each forming random compounds depending on what is around them. Water may form, table salt may form, it's anybody's guess. Then you would have the noble gases and several nonreactive metals sitting around, watching the events unfold. Great question!
You would get a lethal dose of radiation from the ultra-heavy elements.
I bet the amounts of different compounds would change randomly each time you tried it. Say the Sodium and Chlorine hit each other first, started a reaction at a different temprature than a different salt would make, taking a little more or a little less time to start burning the Hydrogen and Oxygen together, making slightly more or less water available to reach with X Y and Z, etc etc.
Set off an avalanche and see if the snow falls along the same path or not.
I love the way they used the same video (uploaded in youtube) to explain the reaction in the video. More likable was the soothing music while the violent reaction was taking. :D
You guys are amazing. I would love to grow up and know as much about chemistry as you all do.
If you would like I can clarify your doubts a bit.
Both of your questions were great.
1) Technically Rubidium and Phenophthalein [the fancy indicator :) ] when turns pink, at that time it is present in anionic (negative charged) form, and Rubidium forms a cation (positively charged) so the can combine, and must have combined. However the quantity of Phenophthalein is small compared to water, and thus Rubidium is in its hydroxide form in water majorly since water too provides negative OH ions. :)
i love the play-by-play! this is a great way to do chemistry vids.
I love the protective side panels on the glasses!!!
These videos are amazing. Thanks. What did this sound like? It would be nice to see this at the end of the video in real time and sound.
Those flashes of violet rubidium vapour. Sooo BEAUTIFUL
I was surprised on the speed that the entire water supply turned.An even higher speed camera would have been nice to see the propagation.Great as always
Great as always. I just wish there was more sound of the reaction.
It would be cool to see this with a different indicator. Perhaps a green or yellow indicator (under basic conditions) so that the purple light would be more visible. It could be used to follow the trajectory of the bulk of the rubidium. You could also perhaps better map the timing of the purple light, and the flexing of the bowl using this as well.
the reaction of rubidium with water produces hydrogen and rubidium hydroxide. the phenolphthalein indicator then reacts with the hydroxide produced in the original reaction to create water and the pink phenolphthalein anion, so the indicator doesn't significantly change the reaction, it only adds pink (also, the concentration of phenolpthalein is probably in the parts per million range)
its interesting that the reaction repeated in the manner you describe it, i would imagine the violent reaction would break the remaining intact section of the tube and expose the rest of the rubidium to water.
given the fact its so powerful it even managed to violently bend the plastic container when it reacted,
at 3:20 look to the far right for like 2 seconds what is that white flash?
The reason is that in non-specialized schools chemistry is really watered down since a lot of things do not effect people who don't work with it. However, you guys gave me the things that were left out of the term plans.
Thank you for this explosion video. This is exactly the kind that entertains my young children.
This is one of the best and most fascinating videos made so far. Big grin on my face the entire time :D
That violet color of the rubidium was very nice. You should do more slow motion videos.
5:36 I think i saw the smarter everyday guy. did he made any video about it?
I agree with AuraStudios,I'd love to see it in a dark room.I agree with the concept of the reaction within the tube possibly causing the multiple reactions.I also think each reaction propelled the tube around the rim of the tub like a model rocket engine,or like a teher car on a string.Quite spectacular and beautiful.Do you think the emitted light would have the same color if it weren't for the Phenolphthalein?
Very well done! Love the slow-motion videos. Keep up the great work!
It is, yes. Destin works with Brady occasionally. ALl of them (vsauce, smartereveryday, Brady's channels, minute physics, and a few others have started to collaborate, making all their videos more awesome)
i love watching these videos (i dont know much but its still neat!)
The blue fire blowing through the pink water and mist looks incredible
So did the rubidium combine with pheline? (I don't know how to spell the indicator) Would they chemically combine if left alone?
And do you try to recollect the rubidium from the water afterwards, or just "let it down the drain?"
@rocklea823 it is definitely him I know for a fact. Both he and Brady have posted videos recently about traveling and visiting one another. He was out there for a while and is in quite a few of their videos from time to time
please do more videos containing the actual reaction formula i loved it!!!!
The color actually comes from the phenolphthalein (an indicator) which becomes pink/fuchsia in it's alkaline form. In water, it happens when all the acidity is neutralized which happens at a pH of app. 8.3.
when the rubidium gives off the lilac colored light, why is the light lilac... you mentioned that the solution is red because it absorbed all other colors but reflects red but what happens when light is its source... is the air around it absorbing all other colors but reflecting this lilac color or is it the light wave that it is producing?
One quick question about the reaction, what does the "smoke" that results from the reaction of the Rubidium and water consist of?
Poor Neil XD
this time we need to thanks Neil! for the hard work!
I've seen images around of heated mercury thiocyanate, any chance we could get a video about what goes on with that reaction?
Beautiful! Thanks for the lovely explanation, Prof. Poliakoff.
neil is the mvp of periodic videos
Thank you, I'm from Egypt and I watched this video and I understood it
This is excellent, looks a bit like a daylight volcanic eruption.
I'd recommend making a system which would dispense the cooled, solid metal in the form of a chunk onto a wide and shallow plate filled with 1-2 cm of water. That should give the most spectacular display of bursting vapor, hydroxide mist, spraying molten metal and coloured fire and should kind of like an asteroid impacting the ocean because of the molten material and the glow.
It would be a bit more dangerous, though. Just a bit..
Destin was in a couple of the other videos as well, and if I'm not mistaking, it's actually his high-speed camera (:
All the water, even the tiny drops that are splashing out of the container, turns pink almost instantly. It would be interesting, and quite possible (altho perhaps a bit tedious) to test the pink droplets for rubidium. I suspect the rubidium ions themselves are not diffusing so quickly thru the water, nor are individual hydroxide and hydrogen ions, but rather the water molecules collectively re-establish the equilibrium of the Arrhenius equation with unbelievable speed.
It's actually a highspeed camera, not a slow motion camera :)
The HS camera can do, depending on model, between 1 and 3000 fps vs 24fps of a normal camera :)
The first explosion actually pushed the tube around in the water and the remaining Rubidium reacted giving explosions at different positions.The explosions seem to be pretty strong. Did the explosions break the remaining part of the tube by any chance?
Yeah faster camera and this experiment again would be awesome I thought I saw a whole chain reaction thing going on around the bottom from left to right of the tub with at least 7 or 8 explosions. that vapor light emission was cool to see too.
Just what I was looking to see - thanks for posting.
You guys have a fantastic channel! Thanks for all of the awesome uploads.
If you ever get a chance to use a high-speed camera again, perhaps you could use LEDs for the lights rather than hot incandescent lights so you won't have the melting/spray issue with the reactive metals?
It would be so cool to just see this element, let alone drop it in water. These scientists are so lucky to have access to all these goodies.
Prof. Poliakoff, Please do a video on the ultra heavy elements (Ununseptium and such). Anyone ever wonder how heavy we can build?
fla playa Just because an element has a big atomic mass, does not mean that it is heavy as a solid. It depends on the density. A block of Osmium with the same volume would have a bigger weight as something like the really large atomic mass atoms at the end of the periodic table (not to say that Osmium doesn't have a big atomic mass, it is pretty massive aswell).
Two ways to define "heavy" in chemistry. The density of Rhenium is 20.02 g/cm3 tops out with Osmium at 22.59 g/cm3 and drops to 19.3 g/cm3 with Gold... The predicted density for Ununseptium is to be 7.1 g/cm3, which is craziness in my humble opinion. I was referring to large nuclei not density but I did just learn something. Never knew Osmium was the densest metal. Again I wonder how heavy or big we can build? Your prediction for the next 25 years?
Using dense materials doesn't necessarily mean it is practical for construction. More weight means more structure is needed to support it. Using lighter, flexible and resistant materials is more useful if you want to build "big". As for how big we can build, I think vsauce has a video on it or some channel like that. Using vanguard modern materials, a carbon nano-tube weave could resist the extreme forces required for a space lift, so if you count a cable that is 36000 km long as a construction, then I'd say that is one of the largest things we can build. Basically an elevator made of a cable and a ballast using the rotation of the earth to stay erect at the geostationary distance. For actual planned buildings, there is one in Saudi Arabia supposed to be 1km high, Kingdom Tower I think, That's pretty impressive.
I'm talking about building large atoms, not structures. The current biggest - heaviest - largest element is Ununoctinium 118. Again, I wonder how big - heavy - large we can build.
Great video! Did you see my comment about using gold in the atmosphere?
Ok, so we need en even faster camera for this one.
Awesome reaction!
i think it would be very interesting to see the reaction also in the original time. or maybe you could mention how much slower you showed it in the video, just to get a feeling for the actual speed of the whole thing.
Dear periodicvideos ,don't you think that there are several explosions because the rubidium blows itself above the water and drop into it again and again ,like this video of the Anderson Univerity shows ? (/watch?v=RAFcZo8dTcU) that may be the reason for the last lumb of rubidium jumping out of container ? by the way is rubidium heavier than water ??
You guys should phone over to Gav and Dan from The SloMo Guys. They have some incredible high-speed cameras and have filmed things in a very high framerate; faster than I've ever seen from Destin. Adding Gav and Dan to your already-incredible team of scientists would make this picture even more awesome.
Juuuuuuust a thought.
those elements are quite nice to handle in an atmosphere of agron or nitrogen. just saw ceasium last week in our glove-box, they did a reaction with it and no one got harmed ;)
i noticed something. When looking at it very closely i saw that the thing was flexing (as you said) And that the flexing caused some of the liquid to shoot out the middle.
love these videos, just wish the slow motion bit was all in one go, i would rather a ful explanation at first, then the video, then a recap with clips
Throwable pink/purple exposions, large ampule with glass divider, one half with Rb other with the Phenolphthalein water, Try it!
I'm fascinated by the purple flames! Looks like the colour of caesium in a bunsen burner. (made a video on this :) ) Too bad, the reactions between the alkali metals and water have no higher aim than looking awesome...
Best slow motion reaction yet!
2Ru + 2H2O -> 2RuOH + H2. Am I right? :) However the reaction heat seems not to be strong enough to ignite the hydrogen with the air oxigen.
Interesting. Actually, in hindsight that makes sense, considering how the small amounts of Cd and Rb we've seen in the video interact while falling through the air (i.e. not violently). Still, ampoule + hammer is both simpler and more satisfying to watch ;)