I loved the Mike Rumsey segment! I love all the chemistry too, but seeing how it is in the natural form ties it together. From mineral to metal to chemistry!
Who else can I ask questions like, "if the Sun hits the Earth's Atmosphere with a high elemental proton filled severe solar storm, might the local atmosphere have been degraded by an obscene amount of burning diesel hydrocarbon smog enough to cause electric devices to explode. Something like pagers or walkie talkies,"?
Amazing productions still. I never cease to be amazed by how much knowledge you can squeeze into these videos. The history, chemistry, geology, video production insights, and so much more
Around 14 years ago I found this channel, tracked down the Professor's email and asked a silly question on perpetual motion, to which he actually replied, to my amazement. The bismuth video actually inspired me to create some very beautiful crystals and jewelry, thank you for that. I'm now just checking up on the channel to see how the team is doing and am very comforted to see everyone doing well. Love you guys and thank you so much for everything.❤
Outside of a few highly exotic aerospace alloys, largely experimental solid electrolyte fuel cells, high color rendering index metal halide lamps, and erbium dental lasers, scandium still has practically no uses. Even the latter two applications are disappearing due to LED adoption and simpler erbium YAG lasers that don't contain any scandium, respectively. Barely 20 tons of it is used each year world wide. Compare to its next door neighbor titanium at a relatively huge 230,000 tons per year, or even neodymium at 60,000 tons! Even bismuth which is 3,000 times rarer in the Earth's crust has a yearly production of about 20,000 tons, a thousand times greater than scandium.
Bismuth might be overall rarer in the whole Earth's crust, but more concentrated at some places or is a byproduct when mining for other elements, therefore it is much cheaper to produce. Scandium is very expensive to produce and it's properties are not special enough that it can't be replaced with other materials, so it isn't widely used.
From what I (barely) understand about scandium, it was pretty much deposited by an asteroid impact that scattered a fine layer of dust all around the world.... hence why its so hard to concentrate.
Huh, I'm surprised its not used more in alloys despite its rarity. Way less toxic than Beryllium, less flammable than Magnesium, less dense than Titanium. I suppose the cost turns people off but even then, I expected more uses out of it.
This is a brilliant revision of the Scandium video. Really loved the burning filings - it's just beautiful. Also thanks for the French practice at 8:10
BTW, I really enjoyed seeing the mineral crystals of the mineral baring the element. I don’t remember seeing this done before in your videos. Truly enjoyed it!! I love rocks & minerals!!
You’re a gem and so are all of your videos sir. One of my favorite channels in the world. Just wanted to say thanks for all the wonders and knowledge you’ve shared over the years.
I was very happy to see this video. I own a Smith & Wesson revolver which is made with their famous aluminum-scandium alloy. They charge quite a bit of money for the scandium revolvers they make compared to the regular aluminum alloy or steel alloy revolvers. It would be nice to know if the scandium really does make the aluminum alloy significantly stronger because the scandium guns are in magnum calibers.
The principal commercial use of scandium in the US used to be white metal halide arc lamps which were based on a mixture of sodium and scandium halides. I believe that European manufacturers used a different chemistry based on indium and dysprosium, although I don't know why.
Scandium likes to form the oxyhalide when in and aquious halide acid. The halides are best formed by heating scandium in a halide vapor. Scandium iodide or bromide are a very important light emitting chemical for metal halide lamps.❤
Awww yeah, my favorite chemistry channel is back once again! I always loved the elements series ever since the originals, and these updates are always a nice way to keep it going.
Great to see the series continue. A question though: is there any unique property of scandium? Or in other words, is there any application of it which absolutely requires it rather than any other element?
I very much enjoyed this video, as I worked with reactions of Scandium complexes in the gas phase for my Ph.D. back in the 1990's. To get the Scandium in the gas phase we used laser ablation to generate the Sc(I) ions, and I remember the appearance of the scandium metal we used for the target was exactly like the metal in your video.
Neil does not flinch in the slightest when the Scandium finally catches fire. What an absolute legend! I love that he's "mute", kinda like the Teller of chemistry. I can't actually remember hearing him talk in any previous videos ...
I loved chemistry in high school, and was pretty good at the theory and calculations, but I was worthless in the lab. Nothing ever went right. I got mad respect for people like Neil that can turn all the ideas and equations into reality.
the most important use for Scandium is as an alloying element with Aluminum, 0.5% to 2.0% typically makes the alloy as strong as the strongest aluminum alloys and makes it so that it retains this strength after welding (typical aluminum alloys lose most of their strength after welding), but since Scandium is so rare we don't use it, which is really too bad.
Thanks for the video. I'm currently doing my PhD in materials science on a piezoelectric ceramic called AlScN. So a solid solution of AlN and ScN. I only see the Sc as small metallic disks for sputtering so really nice to see some other things happen to it.
I love these videos. Please keep making them. I do notice, from time to time, a technical issue with the camera work. At times, when Martin is being filmed the background book shelves are in perfect focus, but he is not. I wonder if the autofocus settings are wrong.
The fact that this is a newly pure element of such quantity being produce on earth is jaw dropping. I don't know the estimated value of such a material, but I'm sure it will not come cheap.
I love your videos if you do a profession which has nothing to do with chemistry this here is like a few hours being in a paradise thank you I dream all day long chemistry
Perhaps covered in an earlier video, but scandium is added in a small amount (0.5%) to aluminium to make it much stronger, for use in aircraft. There is now a requirement for Sc in fuel cells for electricity generation and one major company in San Francisco is recycling scrap aluminium from aircraft to get the scandium because otherwise it is so difficult to obtain.
Although Mendeleev called scandium eka-boron, it really resembles aluminum more. To tell the truth, boron and aluminum both act like group 3 and group 13 elements and gallium was his eka-aluminum. Gallium doesn't concentrate in minerals, either, but it does occur in zinc ores, so it's easier to get. I bet you could do a thermite-type reaction with scandium.
Explosion goes off in Neil's face, zero expression change. Love that guy.
Cool as a cucumber.
Lol 😅 so true. He's quite a character.
I came here to say that. I would have panicked. Dude is a professional
The man is a machine. A mandroid if you like.
Helps to keep your hair short
16 years on TH-cam and still going 👍 ... Thanks to the whole team, before and behind the camera.
Yep we are gratefull🎉
i literally grew up with it XD. Was O levels student, now Postdoc in Materials Science! AlScN is probably the hottest area you will see Sc
If this channel came out in the 2020s it would die in less than 5 months.
@@Clonetrooper0130why do u say that?
Right on, been on since '05. It's pretty cool to think, maybe a little bit of me is in that algorithm somewhere.
4:23 Neil causes Scandium to flinch, and not the other way around
Neil was like stone
Neil is so badass that he wore a tank top during the experiments
Neil is the Chuck Norris of Chemists😂
4:20 Even when there's a bright flash and fire at less than arm's length from his face, Neil has the same expression.
I bet even his eye pupil diameter did not change.
Exactly what I was thinking. Cool as a cucumber. Wonder what it takes to rattle him.
Neil's reaction to the burning is so robotic, it's like he's done this before
*bright explosion of burning metal*
Neil: "hmm, yes. Very interesting 🗿"
this channel never gets old
Its entertainment value decays slower than a Bismuth atom
And I think it never will.....❤
I loved the Mike Rumsey segment! I love all the chemistry too, but seeing how it is in the natural form ties it together. From mineral to metal to chemistry!
Never get tired of watching and listening to these guys explain and predict and tinker.
I see the Professor is looking sharp, we need you with us for another 100 years sir.
3:26 Neil is jacked 😧
Almost as hard as his nerves, he barely blinked when it caught light
Fam, stone cold. “I been here before”…
@@matewis1 professionalism at it's finest.
The Chemical Stig.
Hard disagree.
Neil is an absolute unit
I believe you mean goat🐐😊
Science rests on his shoulders
“Hench” is the term I believe.
Best chemist channel for non chemist student but outsider
Protect Prof at all costs
Neil is actually his undercover bodyguard
His protection is assured
Who else can I ask questions like, "if the Sun hits the Earth's Atmosphere with a high elemental proton filled severe solar storm, might the local atmosphere have been degraded by an obscene amount of burning diesel hydrocarbon smog enough to cause electric devices to explode. Something like pagers or walkie talkies,"?
A truly great episode! Seeing the mineral form and how rare Scandium is added great context.
Amazing productions still. I never cease to be amazed by how much knowledge you can squeeze into these videos. The history, chemistry, geology, video production insights, and so much more
Around 14 years ago I found this channel, tracked down the Professor's email and asked a silly question on perpetual motion, to which he actually replied, to my amazement.
The bismuth video actually inspired me to create some very beautiful crystals and jewelry, thank you for that.
I'm now just checking up on the channel to see how the team is doing and am very comforted to see everyone doing well.
Love you guys and thank you so much for everything.❤
As the first sample burst into bright flash, Neil's face was as serene as a Tibetan master's.
This channel is an TH-cam treasure
Outside of a few highly exotic aerospace alloys, largely experimental solid electrolyte fuel cells, high color rendering index metal halide lamps, and erbium dental lasers, scandium still has practically no uses. Even the latter two applications are disappearing due to LED adoption and simpler erbium YAG lasers that don't contain any scandium, respectively. Barely 20 tons of it is used each year world wide. Compare to its next door neighbor titanium at a relatively huge 230,000 tons per year, or even neodymium at 60,000 tons! Even bismuth which is 3,000 times rarer in the Earth's crust has a yearly production of about 20,000 tons, a thousand times greater than scandium.
Bismuth might be overall rarer in the whole Earth's crust, but more concentrated at some places or is a byproduct when mining for other elements, therefore it is much cheaper to produce. Scandium is very expensive to produce and it's properties are not special enough that it can't be replaced with other materials, so it isn't widely used.
From what I (barely) understand about scandium, it was pretty much deposited by an asteroid impact that scattered a fine layer of dust all around the world.... hence why its so hard to concentrate.
Scandalous
I guess one of those aerospace alloys is what the scandium revolver is made from. They feel like a plastic toy they are so light.
Huh, I'm surprised its not used more in alloys despite its rarity. Way less toxic than Beryllium, less flammable than Magnesium, less dense than Titanium. I suppose the cost turns people off but even then, I expected more uses out of it.
That super slow mo shot was so beautiful
This is a brilliant revision of the Scandium video. Really loved the burning filings - it's just beautiful.
Also thanks for the French practice at 8:10
loved the geology segment!
Whoever does the very subtle soundtracks to these videos is doing a great job
80g of scandium is a pretty generous gift!
This has got to be one of the best examples of how Science should work. Magnificent.
Thank you for all the brilliance you have shared with us.
Thanks for watching with us.
BTW, I really enjoyed seeing the mineral crystals of the mineral baring the element. I don’t remember seeing this done before in your videos. Truly enjoyed it!! I love rocks & minerals!!
I really enjoyed seeing the scandium minerals. The video sequence of scandium filings burning was stunning.
always a treat seeing another of these pop up
I thought this could be part 3 of a 21-part series, one for each proton! Plus the isotopes as a bonus!
Could watch these all day! 🙂 Thanks Team-PV
You’re a gem and so are all of your videos sir. One of my favorite channels in the world. Just wanted to say thanks for all the wonders and knowledge you’ve shared over the years.
This man looks more like a professor of science than anyone else I've ever seen, haha.
I was very happy to see this video. I own a Smith & Wesson revolver which is made with their famous aluminum-scandium alloy. They charge quite a bit of money for the scandium revolvers they make compared to the regular aluminum alloy or steel alloy revolvers. It would be nice to know if the scandium really does make the aluminum alloy significantly stronger because the scandium guns are in magnum calibers.
Neil is so calm and stoic as the scandium is lighting off!
That’s the first time I’ve seen scandium used for any reason!! So coool!!
I have a revolver partly made of scandium.
@@spocko2181 wow! Now that’s cool!!
Neil's filings are always a beautiful addition to these videos.
4:47 For a second there I got spooked and thought the professor was going to tell us about Raid Shadow Legends.
my goodness that super-slowmo footage with the music at the end was so beautiful
"we finally got ahold of a bunch of scandium, what do we do with it?" "Burn it, of course!"
The mark of a true scientist
"I persuaded Neil"
Like that was difficult.
Isn't it obvious?
Me when I get a whole bunch of money
The principal commercial use of scandium in the US used to be white metal halide arc lamps which were based on a mixture of sodium and scandium halides. I believe that European manufacturers used a different chemistry based on indium and dysprosium, although I don't know why.
Professor Neil Is Heartwarming See You Again!
Finally Find Another Answer Through These Years To My Student Questions!
Thank you for all of these fantastic videos!!
You’re welcome. Thank you for watching.
Scandium likes to form the oxyhalide when in and aquious halide acid. The halides are best formed by heating scandium in a halide vapor. Scandium iodide or bromide are a very important light emitting chemical for metal halide lamps.❤
Awww yeah, my favorite chemistry channel is back once again! I always loved the elements series ever since the originals, and these updates are always a nice way to keep it going.
When Prof says "before I tell you the result" I was so ready for him to tell me about Ground News or Brilliant or one of the many, many VPNs.
I have no idea what you're talking about but I love watching these videos. Please make more.
He’s talking about scandium
Great to see the series continue.
A question though: is there any unique property of scandium?
Or in other words, is there any application of it which absolutely requires it rather than any other element?
I very much enjoyed this video, as I worked with reactions of Scandium complexes in the gas phase for my Ph.D. back in the 1990's. To get the Scandium in the gas phase we used laser ablation to generate the Sc(I) ions, and I remember the appearance of the scandium metal we used for the target was exactly like the metal in your video.
It was awesome to see how an element is found naturally. Great add to the video
Neil does not flinch in the slightest when the Scandium finally catches fire. What an absolute legend! I love that he's "mute", kinda like the Teller of chemistry. I can't actually remember hearing him talk in any previous videos ...
I loved chemistry in high school, and was pretty good at the theory and calculations, but I was worthless in the lab. Nothing ever went right.
I got mad respect for people like Neil that can turn all the ideas and equations into reality.
Great to see you back professor !
They need to produce merch with their iconic faces… The quintessential mad scientist and his silent, somber bald headed assistant.
Beautiful mineral samples 😃
What a gift! The professor returns!
love the jane street ad. whoever set that up is a marketing genius
Scandium costs about $270 per gram. So, the 87 grams is worth about $22,680 (!)
Makes for an expensive sparkler
Hello, thank you very much for these chemistry videos. Super!
Sincerely, Antonio Constantin🙂
the most important use for Scandium is as an alloying element with Aluminum, 0.5% to 2.0% typically makes the alloy as strong as the strongest aluminum alloys and makes it so that it retains this strength after welding (typical aluminum alloys lose most of their strength after welding), but since Scandium is so rare we don't use it, which is really too bad.
The scandium filings were amazing, wow.
Got some literally right here...
SW1911SC E-Series scandium-framed .45
Same... I've got a model 327. .357MAG in scandium... awesome firearms!
@@MrMaxyield And the 1911 suppresses quite nicely, too 😁
Thanks for the update videos everyone.
This channel still rules. Don’t change the format.
Thanks for the video.
I'm currently doing my PhD in materials science on a piezoelectric ceramic called AlScN.
So a solid solution of AlN and ScN.
I only see the Sc as small metallic disks for sputtering so really nice to see some other things happen to it.
So good, thank you all !
The speed of precipitation reactions never fail to amaze me.
5:50 more worried about the Bromine fumes obscuring the Scandium than breathing in the fumes😂
That's cool you got ahold of so much.
I love these videos. Please keep making them. I do notice, from time to time, a technical issue with the camera work. At times, when Martin is being filmed the background book shelves are in perfect focus, but he is not. I wonder if the autofocus settings are wrong.
14:05 that combustion is spectacular!
Always good to see a new Periodic Video
Watching that effect, you had it sparkling ✨
Sir Martyn: Great video. Greetings from Canton, OH.
I am here and listening ❤
The fact that this is a newly pure element of such quantity being produce on earth is jaw dropping. I don't know the estimated value of such a material, but I'm sure it will not come cheap.
So glad to see you again. Thank you
Please do another video on Uranium! Which is, of course, named after uranus, which is quite a large gas planet! (Possibly full of methane).
I can't believe I've been here so long 😁 I've always found your videos entertaining yet quaint
That ignited and burned very fast and bright, must have been a impressive energy release.
Fascinating, my favourite subjects are Chemistry & Biochemistry.
Awesome video! Thanks for presenting this excellent information.
Thanks for giving scandium!❤ this channel is cool
Neil truly is the Chuck Norris of Chemistry.
Neil didn't need a fume hood for the Bromine. The Bromine fumes simply dissipated away from Neil's presence.
Neil expression being stone cold when confronted with an scandium explosion centimeters in front of his face fits the character exceptionally well.
The whisker of scandium oxide(?) looks similar to the molybdenum droplet string. Nice
If science had an avatar, it would be this guy
A phenomenal video!
I keep seeing (new) and I'm like wow finally a new element
Just for reference according to Google that the 80 gram parcel of Scandium is worth $21,600 that's a good friend you have😂
About $22k/kg, not 80g
Got to love an enthusiastic scientist
I love theses vids... And I specially love the scientific term ' large lumps' in ref to surface area..
13:04 NEIL SPEAKS!!!
Geologist here - more rocks and minerals please!
I love your videos if you do a profession which has nothing to do with chemistry this here is like a few hours being in a paradise thank you I dream all day long chemistry
Glad to be of service.
Perhaps covered in an earlier video, but scandium is added in a small amount (0.5%) to aluminium to make it much stronger, for use in aircraft. There is now a requirement for Sc in fuel cells for electricity generation and one major company in San Francisco is recycling scrap aluminium from aircraft to get the scandium because otherwise it is so difficult to obtain.
Beautiful burning , amazing, the world gets to see it, scandium burning.
Scandium/Aluminum alloy is used in some firearms production, as it is stronger and more heat-resistant than aluminum on it's own and it is lighter.
4:07
Neil did not even blink.
Yes he did! and that's how I know it was an impressive reaction!
Right there 4:22 , you only catch him blinking in the slow mo, with a bit of a delay, like his blinking was a conscious decision and not a reflex.
@@petevenuti7355 Even more impressive.
Hurray!!! At last a new video with the team!😅
Can’t believe he is still alive.
Although Mendeleev called scandium eka-boron, it really resembles aluminum more. To tell the truth, boron and aluminum both act like group 3 and group 13 elements and gallium was his eka-aluminum. Gallium doesn't concentrate in minerals, either, but it does occur in zinc ores, so it's easier to get.
I bet you could do a thermite-type reaction with scandium.