Statistics 101: Single Sample Hypothesis Z-test Alpha and p-values

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 22 ม.ค. 2025

ความคิดเห็น • 58

  • @zhenminliu
    @zhenminliu 4 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    Brandon has done an excellent series of videos for people who want to learn statistics from scratch. It assumes a fairly low level of prerequisite Math ability. If you are more advanced, you can skip or scan certain parts of the videos and go for the innumerable gems. The gems shine light on key concepts and pitfalls in understanding. Thanks Brandon for helping me, a 69-year old retiree, learn statistics. I deeply admire your tremendous efforts and perseverance in producing these hundreds of videos. Wonderful ❣️

  • @8surya
    @8surya 4 ปีที่แล้ว +15

    Hi Brandon,
    I haven't studied statistics thoroughly ever before. I am grateful to have come across your videos. They are easy to follow and do not miss anything at the same time.
    The examples in each topic makes it to be able to relate to a real life problem.
    Thank you.

  • @Tinker-nn4yy
    @Tinker-nn4yy 7 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    I found you last week. The exam is in two days. Its a compressed, seven week semester. The instructor wouldn't even answer my question when I asked him for the definition of a p-value. Ohio State.
    They got half the course farmed out to MacMillan publishing. The book suffers from poor editing and vagueness. The instructor is abysmal. I started finding success with Khan academy but there are week areas there. I have put in scads of hours.
    You are very very very good. You are a life saver. And you have a clear and soothing voice which is a major plus for my frayed nerves.
    THANK YOU!!!

  • @redwoodtutorsltd6687
    @redwoodtutorsltd6687 10 ปีที่แล้ว +18

    Thanks Brendon. I have looked at a lot of material which was nowhere near your simple and excellently designed lesson plans and plenaries. Keep going, your work is invaluable to many.

  • @birsencanan-mcglone495
    @birsencanan-mcglone495 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I am a statistics teacher. Thank you for your efforts making these videos. I will be using them in my classes and share with my student.

  • @S.Carton_Esq.
    @S.Carton_Esq. ปีที่แล้ว

    I want to avoid hyperbole, but this lecture series is a true masterpiece of education. If B.F. disappeared from the internet tomorrow (hopefully he won't), this series would endure long after. It is an achievement of immense work, organization, and directed energy. There is far too much to list, but one feels the guiding yet unobtrusive hand of a true master in these videos.

  • @Shinykip
    @Shinykip 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    The entire playlist has been stellar, but this video was just -- MONEY!! Absolutely wonderful job!

  • @sairamsubramaniam8316
    @sairamsubramaniam8316 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Sir, you are a true legend! I am preparing for my stats exam and your videos are really helpful. I have no words to thank you. I wish your service reaches millions of deserving students!

  • @NirajKumar-hq2rj
    @NirajKumar-hq2rj 8 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    I have been following this series of statistics video to clarify certain doubts related to my other Data Science course, I must say, Its amazing teaching ability, its content, pace , clarity and the flow ..outstanding !!!

  • @katiegrav6983
    @katiegrav6983 7 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    this playlist has saved my life! thank you so much!!

  • @macutieshiba
    @macutieshiba 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    I love how you speak slow giving me plenty time to think and catch up with what you're saying. Thank you so much for helpful videos!! :)

  • @lindaworkman4826
    @lindaworkman4826 10 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Thanks so much for the help! Your step by step instruction ( and being able to pause to write notes and check Z table) has made this seem as simple as.. just following steps. Your kind words in understanding the struggle to comprehend are also uplifting.
    Our course is using a Z table with numbers representing the percentage of scores that fall between the Z score and the mean ( z=1.96 shows a percentage of .4750).I have no clue how to use it. ( I guess I have to subtract from 50 and then multiply by 2) I finally had to find other tables to follow your videos.
    Thanks Again!

  • @mohamedkhadarabdimohamed462
    @mohamedkhadarabdimohamed462 6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    You really helped me and saved a lot of time that I should have spent to understand these concepts... Thanks a lot.

  • @eliinaandersson
    @eliinaandersson 8 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    This cleared up a lot of questionmarks during my statistics course! Thank you!

  • @mr.laurogarzamampo5770
    @mr.laurogarzamampo5770 9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Very well done. Much appreciated and very useful. Great graphics. Excellent articulation. The video presentation method is superior to the classroom because it can be paused for note taking or other needs. MUCH better than the book because math is a procedure, not a concept, thus like any actual process, it must be observed and practiced to be learned.

  • @angilfantcho618
    @angilfantcho618 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    videos are amazing. these things are actually quite easy thanks to you. i guess passing the knowledge to another is a skill. good job

  • @veeranagoudayaligar
    @veeranagoudayaligar 10 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Just perfect. Thank you so much.
    For viewers; patiently watch all thee parts and then think about your questions.

  • @adhiamboalali
    @adhiamboalali 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi Brandon
    I just wanted to say thank u for your playlists. They have really helped me during these online learning and pandemic times🤞🤞.

  • @surbhijain5111
    @surbhijain5111 9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Everything is so well explained ...Great job .
    looking forward for more of yours videos which would help me learn better .. thank you .

  • @doi9r
    @doi9r 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    i love how you encourage at the beginning and end of the videos :)

  • @Iamsad120
    @Iamsad120 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    God bless you 💘, for making such easy to understand statistic videos, I have always called statistic "sadistic" because it causes me so much pain lol thank you again

  • @keonflemming4390
    @keonflemming4390 9 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    great work! ure a pro!

  • @1nanogrrl
    @1nanogrrl 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi Brandon. These videos have been a lifesaver for me as a more visual/lecture learner. Why are the z values different theoretically when there is a one tail test than a two tail test?

  • @dr.snehaljoshi1968
    @dr.snehaljoshi1968 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    excellent explanation. only suggestion is...include more examples....

  • @osamakable
    @osamakable 11 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    From the tables Area to the lift of Z in case of 2.5 is 0.9938, 0.0062 for -2.5
    Please advise

  • @ylazerson
    @ylazerson 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great video once again!

  • @xenaz8988
    @xenaz8988 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi, I would like to ask why the P-value in this video is greater than α, and then we can reject H0; however, in the other video, the P-value is less than α and we also reject H0? Thank you to explain.

  • @brendacarter2483
    @brendacarter2483 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi Brandon, 9:50 minutes into this video you started discussing p values. For the life of me I cannot find .0062 in the z table. Please explain how you came up with a p value of .0062 from a z value of 2.5. Thank you.

    • @johnshepherd2011
      @johnshepherd2011 11 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      The Z-table gives the area to the LEFT of the z value. If you look at the Z-table, it will give a p-value of 0.9938. However, in the Starbucks example, we are looking for the area to the RIGHT of the z value, which we get by:
      1-0.9938 = 0.0062
      Hope that helps! :)

    • @brendacarter2483
      @brendacarter2483 11 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Hi John, it does! Thank you!!!

    • @brendacarter2483
      @brendacarter2483 11 ปีที่แล้ว

      John, can I ask another question? How do I find p if the only thing I am given is u, a range of x out of y, and the degree of confidence?

    • @talhaanwer8559
      @talhaanwer8559 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@johnshepherd2011 Hi John, Thanks for your answer. I just need one more clarification that in Z-Table you took Z=2.5 @ a=0.00, however a=0.01 so if we take at a=0.01 then it could be 0.9940 rather than 0.9938? your advise please
      Thanks!

  • @ricardoafonso7563
    @ricardoafonso7563 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    .
    thank you .. a nice comparison of alpha ...

  • @scorpiusjoecrux2039
    @scorpiusjoecrux2039 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Beautiful work as I said earlier. I have one little question though.
    How do I calculate p values for ANOVA one way and two way test?
    Do we need to use interpolation at any point? If so what are my references?

  • @lexgabrees
    @lexgabrees 9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Just a quick question. Why is the observed significance level only the part to the right of our test statistic of z = 2.5 ? Why does it not also include the area between our critical z = 2.33 and the z = 2.55 ?

    • @deepakirtt
      @deepakirtt 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      Sorry Lex Gabrees, it is not the observed significance, it is the observed probability of rarer events (greater values), so we consider the right to our point of interest 2.5 and compare it with the right to our critical value of test statistic, here its z=2.33 and conclude whether or not, my value is greater than cut off value for the mentioned significance level. Naturally, you can also observe that the area under the curve decreases with increase in the z score, so p-value should be less than the significant p-value to reject your null hypothesis

  • @lpmercedes07
    @lpmercedes07 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great videos! Thank you so much! :)

  • @eong4513
    @eong4513 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi Brandon. Quick question. I get how to derive both the z-score/critical value and the p-value. But after watching this video, and knowing they both lead to the same conclusion, when do you use which method? What's the point of using the p value method; and how is it different from using the z-test? Thank you in advance! And please keep making these videos. You have a gift for explaining complex concepts well:)

    • @BrandonFoltz
      @BrandonFoltz  5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Hello! p-value is usually the way to go for the end result because we express hypothesis conclusions as compared to our alpha level, 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, etc.

    • @eong4513
      @eong4513 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@BrandonFoltz Oh I see! Thank you!!

  • @birsencanan-mcglone495
    @birsencanan-mcglone495 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Brandon, are you going to do any on Method of Moment estimates or/and maximum Likelihood estimates?

  • @ptettamanti3264
    @ptettamanti3264 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    hell yeah thank you dude

  • @cococnk388
    @cococnk388 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thanksssss so muchhhhhhhh

  • @balajis7756
    @balajis7756 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks for this video. What does the p-value exactly mean?
    For Example:
    If we get p=0.18 & Alpha=0.05 We fail to reject the Null,
    what does that 18% or 0.18 mean?
    Please clarify me.

  • @MrCordlu
    @MrCordlu 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    I would like to know more about p-value, can you help me?

  • @chenwei7
    @chenwei7 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks Brendon!

  • @brianknoll3840
    @brianknoll3840 7 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    My only suggestion has nothing to do with the content. I am finding it very confusing (in many of your videos) to find the 'part 1' and 'part 2' videos. You don't have 'part xx' in your title so I am never sure if I'm watching the second half of the first video or some other video completely. A clear naming convention would be a huge help.

    • @BrandonFoltz
      @BrandonFoltz  7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Hi Brian! I actually have all the videos organized into nice, neat playlists. The thumbnails also have the playlist and video number. You can also find the playlists here: wp.me/P1TVs6-1R Thanks for watching my friend! Keep on learning. 🙃

  • @rkhanrocks
    @rkhanrocks 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    In the previous video when alpha =0.05 z=1.96 but in this video z is 1.6, is this an error?

    • @shashankupadhyay821
      @shashankupadhyay821 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Hi,
      Z-crit = 1.96 when alpha= 0.05 for a two-tailed test
      Z-crit = 1.645 when alpha= 0.05 for a one-tailed test( here the example of starbucks is used)
      Hope this helps.

  • @Fabio-mf4jg
    @Fabio-mf4jg 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    amazing

  • @SY-fb7yc
    @SY-fb7yc 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Around 0'48", alpha equals 0.05, the z- test critical value should be 1.96, right? Where's the 1.645 from? Whoever answer this, thanks in advance :)

    • @fender.strat23
      @fender.strat23 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      On his previous video on the playlist he was doing this example problem which had a one-tailed test. Hence with alpha = 0.05 on a one-tailed test the critical value is 1.645 instead of 1.96 which is on the two-tailed test! :)

  • @nirmanonline
    @nirmanonline 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    great

  • @SuperstarPecanbar
    @SuperstarPecanbar 9 ปีที่แล้ว +16

    0 dislikes, because how could you.

  • @happysongytube
    @happysongytube 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    XIE XIE!