Statistics 101: Single Sample Hypothesis t-test Concepts
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 5 ต.ค. 2024
- Statistics 101: Single Sample Hypothesis t-test - Part 1
Part 1: Conceptual Background
Part 2: Example Problems
In Part 1 of this video, we discuss the basics of single sample hypothesis testing when we do not know the population standard deviation and/or are using a small sample, n under 100. We also discuss how alpha and the t-distribution influence the location of the critical value(s).
For this type of test, we are comparing a sample mean to a hypothesized population mean. We examine the rejection region, nonrejection region, and the critical values that separate them. Finally, we learn to compute the t-statistic. Enjoy!
My playlist table of contents, Video Companion Guide PDF documents, and file downloads can be found on my website: www.bcfoltz.com
The initial pep-talk made me NOT run away from statistics.
Wasn't expecting the pep talk. But it brightened my morning!
Michael Lewis haha thanks Michael! We all need a pep talk now and then and sometimes it's all we need to get motivated and feel positive. Glad you found the video helpful! All the best, B.
t test
Oh thank you! I am a learner first and foremost and just LOVE helping others grow and develop. You can do it just hang in there, we are all rallying for you! - B
The beauty of a teacher is not in how much he/she teaches but how much the students learn.. You are indeed amazing. Thank you
Brandon, I ran away from my maths classes in the 70s and from college stats classes in the early 80s. You are helping me with what nobody could teach me then. You are a genius. And you deserve my commendation. May God keep you going stronger.
I learned more from you in 10 minutes than I did from my Quantitative Methods instructors in 5 weeks. Thank you.
+Schmitty300 Teaching is an Art, my friend.
These videos will remain forever green. God bless you Best Stat Prof on this side of eternity
What a serious thing you are doing here. This is a really hight qualified lesson, the didactic details, the voice modulation, the video rhythm, the environmental music, etc, etc, etc. Excellent!!! Thanks for your work.
That pep talk was adorable and just what I needed. Great video, thank you! :)
There was a time when I would rather eat broken glass than do statistics. Thanks to you, I'd rather do stats! Seriously, these videos have been tremendously helpful.
lol
I am preparing to take the ASQ Black Belt Certification Test. I wish we had you for the instructor. Your instruction method and presentation far exceeds the efforts the instructor we had this past summer. Thanks to your video. I was able to relearn Hypothesis tests and actually understand it! What a break through. I use this stuff everyday on the job. Thank You.
How did your test go?? I am preparing for the ASQ CQE and so far this is the most comprehensive material i have found!!!
Great video. Taken many stats courses, this is one of the best explanations of these concepts in a cohesive form I have seen. Thank you.
Thanks. I keep coming back to these series to refresh my knowledge
your videos are making freak out a little less about my upcoming stats final.... something tells me ill be seeing these in my sleep over the next 2 weeks. thanks for doing what you do!!!
you saved me from thesis tragedy, can't thank you enough. you make stats easy
You can do it! Have faith in your abilities and work-ethic. Coming back to a Ph.D. program after time away is an awesome credit to your desire to realize your self. It is all going to work out in the end my friend. Pay it forward when you have the chance. All the very best, B.
Thanks Rachel! Professors almost always have the best intentions but I know they have a zillion things to do. But I am very glad you find the videos helpful. May we all continue to learn and grow! All the very best, B.
Brandon Folz is the best teacher i ever had for statistics, you rock harder than a brick!
THANK YOU! My professor is so unclear I was losing hope of understanding before the next assignment is due. Thank you for including the words of encouragement at the start! Thank you even more for your clear and thorough explanations throughout. I now feel confident that I will figure it all out eventually and do well in the class if I keep watching your videos and practicing. Thank you!!!
You're a good teacher, thanks for being patient. Any good math teacher I've had doesn't rush through things.
I don't know if you watch Expedition Unknown, but your voice and accent remind me of the voice and accent of the host. Thank you for the encouraging words! It has made this long study session a little easier. :)
This is best on the entire TH-cam platform on the statistics as it covers from very basics with excellent concepts and examples. Wow. Amazed your effort Professor Brandon
Thank you so much. I'm already nervous for my statistic finals next week, but this helps a lot. Great explanation.
These videos are FANTASTIC!!! I have taken stats courses in my undergrad and grad school but this is the first time I am truly understanding it. So thanks a lot!
I just want to let you know that your videos are fantastic and very helpful. I am taking Psych Stats and I was struggling with some basic concepts. Your video just answered all my questions. Keep it up!
I have watched several of your videos. I am in intro to statistics and have a hard time figuring out t test and what it does and just the basic meaning. You have been very helpful. Thank you very much!
I like the encouraging words at the start. Lord knows it's a struggle. Two more weeks. thanks.
Hi, i am an MBA student from india .it is very helpful.every stats student should watch this video.thank u ,god bless u.........
I am a PhD student who always needs refreshers for stats. Your videos are my #1 choice and have been, so thank you!!!!
Thank you Rebecca!
Rebecca Ryan wow that's pretty disappointing
Hey me too!! :)
I am happy that there are people like you in this world who make things much easier and intuitive sir. I wish i was your student at some point in my life.
Thank You so much for what you have been doing to the community.
I enjoy watching your videos; they are great for when I need help in my AP Statistics course. I also enjoy how you teach. Keep up the great work!!
Thanks Joshua! I am glad you find them helpful. Keep on learning; never stop. All the best! - B
thanks for the encouraging words! I am an ER nurse and Statistics class is the hardest class I have ever taken!!!:)
It all depends on the sample size. At n=100 the z- and t- are almost the same. The t- just accounts for the limits of sampling as n decreases. It's not that we "want" a less representative sample, it's that it just comes with the territory of sampling. With small samples, the interval has to be wider for us to be 95% confident that interval contains the "true" population mean.
I was about to drop my statistics class - thanks for saving the day!
Oh thank you so much for your kind words! However YOU are getting yourself through statistics. :) Making the effort to learn and improve and the desire to do well are what is getting you through. And that is all you. Thanks for sharing with your classmates...that is wonderful! All the best, B.
Thank you for your carefully created video. I am currently writing my master's thesis, and need to include a T-Test. Being that I never took probability, this was an incredible source of information. I haven't got all of the terms committed to memory, but I certainly understand what is going on with this now.
i have been studying panicking and looking everywhere for my final. your the first to really help. thank you so much!
same likewise he helped me too, all the best for your paper.
This is my last chapter in Elementary Statistics online. I don’t a teacher that posts lectures or anything, so I’m basically teaching myself through Pearson. If it weren’t for gifted teachers like you, I would not be able to get through it. I am forever grateful to you!
Lp
Recording that pep talk to play to myself every morning. So inspired!
You are awesome. I was totally lost before this. God bless you and continue to do what you do!
I love you fatherly teacher. God bless your heart, mind and soul. May you reach infinite wisdom. Simply thank you.
Thank you so much!! Your videos are helping me so much and I just wish I had found them a bit sooner then I wouldnt have had such a bad time with my stats course the entire semester. You are a great and talented teacher!! Truly!
Thank you, Brandon. I am struggling for my student life, it's so lucky to meet your video!
Thank you so very much, I am studying for my Basic Statistics final at this time. I have gained more understanding watch just one of your videos than I have during the entire class. Thank you for taking the time to explain the concepts. I feel confident that I will pass the exam this week. Bless you!
His lecture is a great. I have to listen time to time to refreshing myself.
...and that is because in the t-distribution there is more variability or uncertainty due to the sample size being smaller than the population (which it is by definition). So the endpoints (t-values) move outward to account for this variability.
Thanks for the video. I understood the contents, and you speak well and clear, understandable even for people whose English is not their native language. I would ask you a video about the Levene test.
You are a good man for sharing this with us. Helps me soooo much. Thank you.
This is so great it will really help me with my sats class. This is giving me the faith that I will make it. Thank so Much Brandon Foltz. Thank You!!
Thanks for the introductory motivational speech.
Excellent! Thank you! I now follow each stat class up with these videos.
Amazing content. I am extremely grateful for giving ne the opportunity to learn for free and improve myself.
Best tutorial I have ever had.
Thanks Brandon: your work from an educational perspective is amazing. Kudos to you!
These videos make more sense than my lecturer at university! Thank you!
Thanks for making and sharing these great videos. They are so clear. I like the way you encourage people to keep learning. I also like it that you will go over the previously discussed topics before starting the new ones. Greatly appreciate your efforts.
thanks.......Your lectures are of great help to learn the fundamentals.....
Excellent! Thank you so much for the thorough explanation, Brandon! 👏
I would have flunked if it hadn't been for your lectures. Thank you so much! :)
Pep talk was exactly what i needed
What a great series of tutorials. Yes, keep it coming.
Why thank you...but YOU are the awesome one! You have committed to taking the journey of learning and growing and improving. I am just the map-maker. :) All the best, B.
This is a superb lecture. Thanks a lot Brandon. It helped me a lot. Looking forward to listen to Part 2 of your lecture.
Thank you, this has to be the best video and explanations I have seen so far. Great explanations! i will be watching more of your videos.
Thank you so very much. Your warm style is very kind. Stats is like going to the doctor with a mysterious symptom... we need someone to hold our hand. And if we have nobody, maybe a nurse will do :-). Thank you!!
I wish you had been my stats professor!! t-tests make sense now. Thank you!!!
Videos are not arranged sequentially or numbered accordingly. I AM MISSING THE CONTINUITY..
I MUST SAY YOU HAVE UPLOADED great videos. thanks.
Chetankumar Naik Hi! Yes the videos are all arranged in playlists and then sequentially within each playlist. Please view my channel page for all the playlists.
Your teaching style is excellent! Thank you.
Great video, congratulations! Awesome idea to compare the Z to the T distributions, made me really understand the concepts!
your motivational quote during the start of the video made my day
thanks
It is really helpful. Thank you very much indeed! Bye from Cambodia
Thanks for your videos dude. These really help to clarify some of the stuff that I've been learning. You teach the fundamentals so well that it helps me to understand other problems much better.
This clarification made me keen to do similar videos in the future.
Simple and exhaustive explanation
4 years later, and that pep talk still helps
great videos and your skill as a teacher is unparalleled
thanks for the pep talk! U sooo neeeded it!
VERY GOOD STEP BY STEP TUTORIALS.THANKS
Brandon Rocks - Best Stats teacher
Respected Sir, Very Good Presentation, Your pleasing lecturing make my study Simple
Thanks for the video, this was very helpful especially the pep talk in the beginning of the video.
Thanks is not enough to express my gratitudes to your effort. I would to see more videos for econometrics also... Your style in explanations is amazing and fits all kinds of people,,,, Looking forward to hear new topics... Than you +Brandon Foltz
Thank you for sharing, your video is one of the better ones I've seen.
sir your explanation is great.it helped me a lot.please give a complete lecture on theory of attributes
Hi Ana! Thanks for your question. I cover your first question at around the 9:20 mark. There I talk about samples, sample sizes, and sigma known/unknown. As far as real life situations, I go through practice problems in Part 2.
The videos are of great help....but I don't know where to begin, can you add a hyper-linked list of contents as we have in the text books...so one can follow from Chapter First to Last Chapter...
Don't stop making video's. Thank you. Do you know how to teach use spss? That would be my only suggestion.
Thanks, last week was my first week of school and hated stats but this was really helpful 😄
In the t-distribution, the middle of the curve gets "squished" down and thus the probability is pushed out towards the sides. Kind of like a sandwich with too much ketchup or mustard on it; when you bite down it squirts out the sides leaving less in the middle. The higher t-value is like getting wider bread to hold all of your ketchup! :) Make sense?
You made it too easy to follow and understand. Thank you Brandon.
Need help to understand why every sample size has its own t-distribution unlike Z-distributions. Is it due to degree of freedom?
Hi Nikul! The numerator is always the square root. I checked the Wikipedia entry for Student's t-test and it is also square root. Which entry were you looking at?
Thank you Pedro! All the best in your studies. - B
Thank you! I love your pep talk.
Gold.
Thank You for sharing your knowledge.
thank u so much Brandon... u r a life saver
Thank you for the words of encouragement. The videos are really nice.
Good explanation . Attention to details are very good .:)
professor Foltz, great video. I am a software engineer and project manager trying to learn stats for the sake of ML and data analytics. This is very helpful. i have a question though, @ 10:08 if n> or = 100 you always use z-distribution and z-test. But what about population standard deviation (sigma)? we will still not have it to use a z-test right? Please clarify.
Thank you so much for posting your video!
Thank you very much Brandon for this video!