You are very knowledgeable and have obviously educated yourself as well as conventional education at my next opportunity I will help fund your endeavors. Hats off
Salt is a devilish thing to crystallize; it has a strong tendency to form stepped crystals no matter how pure it is. The only solution I have found is to evaporate the solution *very* slowly, in my case by leaving it in a closed cupboard over the winter months. I suspect this is an intrinsic property of sodium chloride since a number of other chlorides formed perfect crystals with much less fuss. (For comparison I had an easier time growing lead iodide crystals.)
***** This is actually quite simple, if slow. If you take a lump of something and suspend it in solution (best method I have found is a microscope slide with string glued to each corner so it's level.) then variations in temperature will cause some of it to dissolve. This denser solution will sink to the bottom of the solution where it will crystallize. This can happen in days for very soluble substances like salt but takes longer the less soluble something is. my lead iodide crystals took about six months to reach the 5mm scale. Putting the container in sunlight speeds things. The upshot of this is you can do it on the multi-liter scale and just leave it somewhere to await the results.
This individual's glassware looks very very familiar, and the timing of the donation is also very perfect, so i think i know who the individual is :) But, as you said, we shall respect his or her privacy. Whether I am right or not, I do thank you both endlessly for your contributions to the field; they are certainly appreciated!
If I recall my LED theory, the reason that they do not work well for charging photo-luminescent materials is due to the colors produced at the photo-junctions and how the photons are utilized. With white LEDs, the semiconductor materials blue or ultraviolet photons. For the diodes producing blue light, some of it is emitted and the rest strikes phosphors that emit yellow light. This combination of blue and yellow produces a rough approximation of "white". For the LEDs that produce ultraviolet light, essentially none of the UV escapes the LED lens, which is coated with various phosphors to produce various colors of light - usually red, blue and green which the eye interprets as some sort of "white" .
great score on the glass dude! I also want to thank who donated it to you!! you have tought me alot, so the more equipment you have the more you can teach us!! i didnt get much change from $1000 for mine... Love all your vids!! :D
The difference in difficulty with growing sodium chloride crystals over those of alum and copper sulphate is that the solubility of sodium chloride increases much less with temperature. Thus if you are getting large (but irregular) crystals using the exact same method as that of alum or copper sulphate, it is likely that most of the crystal is not from sodium chloride.
Just to attempt to make some amount of pyrimethamine is such a bad ass idea! Man your videos are awesome, I can't wait for the ones about setting up your own lab come out.
Please make a video on a few common battery types along with a few you personally like, detailing the chemical reactions in the batteries. That would be amazing.
Thank you so much for these videos! I'm 52 and still have that curiosity just like when I was a young boy. I recently started studying Biology, and that led to the Atomic level which pulled me toward Chemistry. Funny how my OCD mind goes where it leads me. If I hit the Lottery, we will make a pure research lab. Because I will invest my money to live on, and the rest we can do Science for the purity of it. Good comments on the way things are. Money drives EVERYTHING now more than ever in history, and I feel it limits us severely in all aspects of our lives and our future. It also drives the Stupid people (those that run with discoveries and feed off of the unknowing) to start making claims that are only half truths and coming up with a money making scheme based on their quack science. So I've discovered in my own studies. Google "find out your lifespan by telomeres" This is BS at its finest. Anyhow..."End Rant" Thank you for the Nerd Porn!! I appreciate your videos, and commend you on admitting when you make a mistake. (We are only human, it's all good) I work with so many people that cannot ask for help, or admit their mistakes. Sad Really.
This comment section...50 people thinking they are clever for mentioning breaking-bad or methamphetamine. People, meth really isn't difficult at all to make. The difficulty in making the mythical super high grade meth isn't so much that you need some super-special recipe to do it or some magic technique; that was just a plot device in the show. In truth, as is the case with quite a lot of chemistry, there comes a level of purity where in, getting it more pure involves doing financially unwise things, like expending more energy in larger and more complicated distillation methods; or letting more and more of your feedstock go to waste because the stuff doesn't end up on the purified side of your apparatus. I presume this is why Nurdrage isn't going to bother to produce medical-grade stuff in his upcoming series. That last level of purification and analysis is pretty dry time-consuming work, and wouldn't make for terribly good videos.
Medical grade pharmaceuticals are set up to VERY high standards, and most of the time, recrystallization and A/B extraction will work just fine. It mostly depends on the reagents/methods used. For example, one making methamphetamine via the phenyl acetic acid route will most likely start out by reacting KCN or NaCN with a benzyl halide to form benzyl cyanide, which is then converted to phenylacetic acid via sulfuric acid. Using this method, you MUST purify it as much as possible, since you used the very potent cyanide in making it. The phenyl acidic acid is then reductivly aminated to form methamphetamine. Now if one instead starts with pure, reagent grade P2P, cyanide contamination isnt an issue as it would’ve been removed by manufacturers. The closer the molecule is to the final product when you first start chemically altering it, the purer and safer it will be. Most of the time, people are consuming extremely impure meth with contains deliberately added poisons.
Regarding fuel, cells the unfortunate property of platinum that makes it an amazing catalyst in fuel cells and other things is it's atomic radius. The usual failure Mode for Platinum catalysts is causing a reaction so violent that the platinum is expelled from the system with the products. Unless we find a catalyst that operated on a different principal or is significantly less susceptible to passivation platinum will likely be a limiting resource for humanity.
+Far Creek Forge What'll be cool is, in the next couple decades or so, when we're mining asteroids, the supply and price of most PGMs will change (literally) astronomically. (But likely not gold, so if you're looking to maintain an investment stockpile, I'd suggest gold is better than platinum.) I, for one, can't wait until iridium pipe shows up at McMaster Carr. It'll still be expensive, no doubt, but absolutely available enough to use in quantity as an engineering material. I doubt there's been very much study of PGMs and alloys for structural purposes; the things we could do with chemically inert, refractory, high strength structures are wonderous to contemplate (with fuel cells being only one currently known, and currently limited, application!).
Hello Mr NurdRage Just watching this vid now, and at 5:50 (approx) you described your work as PhD, and myself, as a former biochemistry student turned into organic chemistry, got my ear on you, since enzyme mimicry is one of my favourite fields of research, just because, damn... We have such a lot of naturally occuring products with pharmaceutical interest ,such as ergot alkaloids, THC, psilocybin(wich is set to be produced by genetically engineered microbes), taxol, digitalis cardiac glycosides, and much more, and thinking that all that complex molecules were being made by natural sources using enzymes as catalysts, i would love to see more enzime mimics (such as mimics of enzymes involved on the biosynthesis i referred) being developed for use as catalysts on organic chemistry and pharmaceutical productions Hope an answer from you NR
Dr. N. Butyl Lithium, what glassware suppliers would you recommend a beginner hobby chemist shop from? Also, in regards to simulated reactions, I'm sure that quantum computing is what will ultimately allow us to fully and accurately simulate chemical reactions.
Setting up an amateur lab? Is someone going to be "Breaking bad"? My questions 1. Is it possible to create a plasma effect using chemicals? 2. Considering 2nd law of thermodynamics is, if organic molecules can evolve in complex entities over eons of time, how do you conserve the 2nd law, i.e., decrease in entropy leads to increase in entropy to balance the equation. 3. how do you integrate quantum mechanics into your modeling of reactions?
It's a great thing. A wonderful treasure. Unfortunately, I could only get 10% of what was there. And that with my own money. Unfortunately, there is not much support for science in our country. I hope you make beautiful inventions.
I'm not sure that the portland cement answer applied to portland cement. It seemed to explain what concrete was & how it became concrete, but portland cement is like a glue that is used for many masonry materials, not just concrete. I'm not sure that that was accurately answered or explained. Concrete = Rock, Sand, Cement (portland), & water, in large quantities it comes in a truck with a big drum on the back. Portland cement, in large quantities, probably comes from a train car or 55 gallon drums. There is a difference.
very interesting . i like the videos even though i understand very little except the basics , i am 13 . i do enjoy these ones . wondering if you can make a video on carbon based on alkanes , alkenes and alkynes and other carbon compounds . i think you know organic chemistry very well as anyone learning chemistry will tell you , i have an aunt in america working for a famous company starting with something in AS , i dont remember but i love chemistry and keep up the great work , and i hope you make stuff frequently . sorry if this was long .
There are a bunch of other big technical hurdles with fuel cell cars that will probably never make hydrogen fuel cell cars possible; or we need to find some fundamentally different ways of doing things (like higher QE catalysts). Most importantly and primarily, the thermoneutral voltage of water splitting is 1.48V while the splitting potential is 1.23V. Long story short, this means in order to both produce and consume hydrogen, the difference is necessarily converted into a phonon (=heat), which reduces the maximum fundamentally possible cycle efficiency to (1.23/1.48)^2=69%. For current tech low-temperature (=immediately available, efficient) fuel cells, this excess heat needs to be quickly removed at low temperature (about 60C) in order to keep the reaction going, which puts a lower bound on the volumetric power density of a fuel cell. This in turn affects what catalyst complexes you can use and how the supporting pipework and electronics need to behave, which leads to a bunch of problems including the inability to quickly throttle (due to the speed of diffusion of protons), a quite significant loss of hydrogen through the tailpipe which needs to be regenerated and problems with electrode poisoning. In short, PEM fuel cells are giant engineering compromise and having worked with them I just don't see this happening. We need something else. I'm much more interested in autocatalyzing SOFCs (which you can feed pretty much any hydrocarbon), but these have no efficiency benefit over ICEs. Besides, there is no hydrogen infrastructure, there is not enough platinum and palladium and there is no way to fix these societal issues in time before battery electric vehicles outcompete both fuel cells and ICEs.
I have two questions, and hopefully you'll do me the honor of answering both. First, why is it that so many organo-metallics spontaneously combust? Especially the methyls. Why, for instance, does Methyl Aluminium burst into ravenous flames as soon as it's removed from the container? Secondly, what is it you're making in this video? Thanks. Roger
If you use table salt for growing salt crystals, use kosher salt instead of normal iodized salt or you'll have sodium iodide contamination, kosher salt does not contain iodine.
if i were a research chemist, i would spend every day trying to discover more less addictive pain relief for the millions of chronic pain sufferers. I have had severe chronic spinal pain for 30 years and there are many who spend most of their life in pain.
please do more organic chemistry! I would like to see lutidine and denatonium synthesis. Maybe some dyes too (diazo dyes should be pretty easy) I also have a question: If you do a very complex organic reaction with low yield (e.g. 25%) or with very complex products (disqualifying distilation and making solvent extractions hard to optimise) or both, how do you separate the products and obtain reasonable purity for next steps of synthesis? Also, could you do a How-to video on designing an organic synthesis pathway? I try to design some of my own (with no ability to try out) and I feel like I'm overusing grignards especially in conjunction with epoxides. Another question: can you O-alkylate product of grignard reaction before acidic work-up (magnesium halide alkoxide)?
look up Maldon salt company UK, they have a couple of videos of old world salt making they still use. sea water works great..BUT you dont boil it, you filter extremely well then evaporate at around 65C overnight, the Magnesium salts float to the top in flakes, remove these and carry on evaporating overnight. PURE salt then forms on the bottom and is raked up. Take a look at the documentary that was made for Maldon salt UK, apparently sea salt supplier to the queen. One last point from them, use saturated sea salt from a marsh area at spring tide time.
Wow, learning alot even from a Q & A. Also, do you mind if you could make your voice a little higher? I know you are trying to hide your identity, but can you make it just a bit higher?
hey Nurdrage... ive been a huge fan for a long time now and I love chemistry and engineering. I am a senior in HS and applying to universities as chemical engineering as my major. Needless to say I think I will like chem engineering and I know the vast differences (between that and chemistry) So my question is where did you go to study and what actually did you study in college? You got your PHD doctorates degree right? How long did you go to school for? I have a lot more questions so if you can shoot me back please!!!! Well thanks so much NurdRage you've sparked many interests in me and I hope to be half the chemist you are one day!!!! (I have a lab set up at home and I do a lot of your experiments :) )
a couple year back I had found a condenser like the one a the star of the video in a flea market but the one i found some kid had decided that if they smash the top it would make a great one off bong if there something that can a amateur chemist cringe specially when you learn the price of a new one
I have a question: Apparently methanoic acid can behave as an aldehyde because it can be thought of as having a CHO group. Does this mean that methanamide can exhibit aldehyde-like chemical properties since it also has that CHO group? Do they undergo all the reactions like any other carbonyl compound would?? (like reaction with 2,4 DNPH etc.)I'd be so glad if you could answer this because this has been bugging me for a long time and i haven't been able to find the answer anywhere else. Thanks in advance!!(i'm reposting this coz it seems like you missed out on this one:P)
I have noticed that shining a red diode laser on green glow in the dark material causes it to darken where the beam hits. I assume it's some quantum mechanical process but could you explain it in detail? Does it have any practical use?
+NurdRage I recall research using Carbon structure as replacement for platinum, from what I recall, it has quite a lot shorter life than platinum but works as well and well Carbon is everywhere so it should be vastly cheaper, cheap enough to make it a replaceable item in fuel cell car. While googling, I found this site, but youtube does not allow me to paste anything apparently. Typing it out, hope I get it correct. Http://www.gizmag.com/nanorod-catalyst/23090/ There is another using polymers but url is much longer and I am likely to make a typo somewhere.
They say that Toyota fuel cell, use electrolyte to draw electrical power from chemical reaction of hydrogen with oxygen. This electrical power must be huge. So there is a way to capture that enegrgy from oxygen and hydrogen reaction. This is very interesting. Obviously industry dont want peo0ple having something that would not require profit, but I am curious for this technology for long time now. My idea was to use pressure from same reaction and use turbine to convert it to kinetic then electric energy but this Toyota cell dont have any moving parts except compressed hydrogen.
Can you reproduce Hennig Brand's method of making white-phosphorus by distilling urine. We've probably all seen it before, but distilling urine and thinking of Brand's neighbours is always good for a laugh.
sodium chloride is a pain just getting out of solution by evaporation solubility is just so high it's not cool getting out if solution without evaporating some 80% of the water and growing crystals is pobably even worse potassium chloride is much nicer
Would your answer to the question about what you would research given unlimited money have been different before you became youtube famous? Or have you always had this inherent drive to educate freely?
I have some goggles made of PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride). I need to reshape them, I'm trying to find a chemical method instead of boiling water. I've tried heat but the material becomes brittle and cracks. I didn't see any phthalates last time I went to home depot. Or how do I make methylene chloride? Thanks.
+Axel Werner It's a flammable sugar alcohol (glycerol) that has three nitro groups attached to it. Nitro groups (NO3) act as oxidizers. When you provide lots of oxygen so closely to something flammable it reacts so quickly it creates large amounts of expanding gas which causes the explosion. "Detonation of nitroglycerin generates gases that would occupy more than 1,200 times the original volume at ordinary room temperature and pressure."
Lysergic acid diethylamide?I've done quite a bit of research on LSA from Morning glory seeds but they contain other chemicals that are poisonous and can cause sever cramps and vomiting not to mention diarrhea, I've heard about people eating the seeds or grinding them and using cold water extraction but I have a bad feeling about LSA, is it possible to extract just the LSA without any of the other chemicals that can cause the number of things I have listed?Also is it even potent at all?
+joblessalex I think I recognize that glassware, I think it is from another person that did some other youtube chemistry videos but no longer appears to be producing videos anymore.
I don't think meth labs need to use so many fiddly pieces of glassware, except perhaps in Breaking Bad. Industrial methamphetamine production equipment would look more like moonshine distillation apparatus. A large modified beer keg with some precipitation and heating elements for instance.
@@Robert08010 OMG 😁 I CANT BELIEVE YOU REPLIED TO THIS COMMENT 5 YEARS LATER. I was 15 years old when I typed that lol. Now I’m almost 21. God dam time really flies!
Many of the questions this month were so damn dull. Someone should ask him how is babby formed or how girl get pragnent. You know, some dank shitblike that.
At first I thought this was real and thought he was black lmao, I was like jesus christ it sounds like hes been smoking pot and weed all his life. But didn't wanna be rude so just kept hush hush.
I'm not sure if this is totally accurate but their is more than one person, one possibly being a woman, based on my observations, of the hands and voice patterns, and a possible fluctuation in the voice modulator or it is a different voice but is only a hypothesis, besides the fact being a youtuber is a risky profession
ChemPlayer actually uses a synthesizer. NurdRage uses his own voice but modifies it a bit ;) Could it have anything to do with the stigma towards garage chemistry? I mean, if not for Walter White...
His/her/it's voice is changed as said in a previous qna I think, and he/she/it changes the voice for protection and/or confidentiality. Remember that nurdrage has said some confidential stuff in the qna's, and I agree with it all, but some people won't, and some people will take it too far. From a voice you can check if they are a male or female. Then you can look through a large amount of chemists in their region. I think Canada as nurd had Canadian pennies in the pennies to gold vid. Anyway, from that they could probably find their name easily on the Internet and/or if they live near there they could personally investigate. They would then be able to find their workplace and then where they live. And extremists at the very least can generate a large amount of hate mail. I swear the laws of conservation are wrong, people make hate out of nothing...
+yo momma I highly doubt authorities care about him defacing currency, and if they did, Google holds all of his financial information, something the authorities can subpoena. Now his employers, that's a different story.
Lmao I thought that was his actual voice and thought he was black the first time I heard it, lmao but I didn't wanna be disrespectful so I kept it to myself.
The glassware probably came from a meth lab who else would want to donate that much, its heavily used, and he wanted to be anonymous. meth lab confirmed
I have just read this week about a nitrogen doped, graphene cobalt catalyst that was discovered to be comparable to platinum in the splitting of water to hydrogen and oxygen. The article explained that this compound could eliminate the need for platinum in fuel cells. Does this discovery increase the viability of fuel cell technology for applications such as automobiles? Was the expense of Platinum the main reason you believe that fuel cell technology will not be the future of automobiles? I have included a link to the article that announces the discovery of the properties of this new compound. Thanks, Daniel Nusbaum www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/10/151021115126.htm Chem Student
There is no need to call the man a "jackass" if you do your research on him. Half of the drug is given away for free, and will continue to be. The only people that have to pay the 750$/pill premium is the people that can afford it. The low-income persons who rely on the drug will continue to have access for it for low or no cost. But I mean, if you want to make assumptions based on headlines without reading the articles thoroughly or choose to not listen to his interviews. Thats cool too. But let's not demonize someone who's trying to make a less toxic medication for people that are already dying.
+WigglingWaffles The original cost of the drug was ~$13.50/pill. This isn't a small incremental increase to reflect changing economic conditions, this is a jackass move to make money at the expense of the sick and desperate. And just because someone can afford it doesn't mean they deserve it.
So the rich people that ARE paying 750$/pill dont deserve it? They're the ones fronting the money to pay for the research into a less toxic drug. It's free to those who cannot afford that premium. He even said in an interview that over half of their inventory is given away or sold for
+WigglingWaffles I believe what he is trying to say is that even though the rich can afford the pill doesn't mean they deserve to have to pay way more than what the drug is actually worth.... In the first place what separates the "rich" and "poor". What about the middle who, while able to afford it, will still find it a burden.
+WigglingWaffles I believe what he is trying to say is that even though the rich can afford the pill doesn't mean they deserve to have to pay way more than what the drug is actually worth.... In the first place what separates the "rich" and "poor". What about the middle who, while able to afford it, will still find it a burden.
+WigglingWaffles I believe what he is trying to say is that even though the rich can afford the pill doesn't mean they deserve to have to pay way more than what the drug is actually worth.... In the first place what separates the "rich" and "poor". What about the middle who, while able to afford it, will still find it a burden.
No guarantees i'll be successful in making pyrimethamine but i'm going to give it a try.
this is a stupid question but do you know how to make meth
I hope you will still upload the series even if you fail at getting the correct end result.
You said in your video that it would not be medical grade so what impurities would be left? and how do you minimise/remove them?
+Moe Man16 What's His Name?
+NurdRage i wonder, what are you reacting in the video for this episode?
You are very knowledgeable and have obviously educated yourself as well as conventional education at my next opportunity I will help fund your endeavors. Hats off
I find your level of information and professionalism just awesome! Keep up the good work!
Wow, this is still timely in regards to how science is treated by politicians!
im so happy about the amature lab series
Will dl-mandeic covert to ppa?
Love what you said about batteries vs fuel cells - amazing insight 7 years ahead.
Salt is a devilish thing to crystallize; it has a strong tendency to form stepped crystals no matter how pure it is. The only solution I have found is to evaporate the solution *very* slowly, in my case by leaving it in a closed cupboard over the winter months. I suspect this is an intrinsic property of sodium chloride since a number of other chlorides formed perfect crystals with much less fuss. (For comparison I had an easier time growing lead iodide crystals.)
*****
This is actually quite simple, if slow. If you take a lump of something and suspend it in solution (best method I have found is a microscope slide with string glued to each corner so it's level.) then variations in temperature will cause some of it to dissolve. This denser solution will sink to the bottom of the solution where it will crystallize.
This can happen in days for very soluble substances like salt but takes longer the less soluble something is. my lead iodide crystals took about six months to reach the 5mm scale. Putting the container in sunlight speeds things. The upshot of this is you can do it on the multi-liter scale and just leave it somewhere to await the results.
I grow thca crystals 😂.
This individual's glassware looks very very familiar, and the timing of the donation is also very perfect, so i think i know who the individual is :) But, as you said, we shall respect his or her privacy.
Whether I am right or not, I do thank you both endlessly for your contributions to the field; they are certainly appreciated!
If I recall my LED theory, the reason that they do not work well for charging photo-luminescent materials is due to the colors produced at the photo-junctions and how the photons are utilized.
With white LEDs, the semiconductor materials blue or ultraviolet photons. For the diodes producing blue light, some of it is emitted and the rest strikes phosphors that emit yellow light. This combination of blue and yellow produces a rough approximation of "white". For the LEDs that produce ultraviolet light, essentially none of the UV escapes the LED lens, which is coated with various phosphors to produce various colors of light - usually red, blue and green which the eye interprets as some sort of "white" .
Whoever donated all that glassware was very very cool indeed... Thumbs up, high five, or whatever salute is applicable to your culture.
great score on the glass dude! I also want to thank who donated it to you!! you have tought me alot, so the more equipment you have the more you can teach us!! i didnt get much change from $1000 for mine... Love all your vids!! :D
The difference in difficulty with growing sodium chloride crystals over those of alum and copper sulphate is that the solubility of sodium chloride increases much less with temperature. Thus if you are getting large (but irregular) crystals using the exact same method as that of alum or copper sulphate, it is likely that most of the crystal is not from sodium chloride.
The most success I've had with growing sodium chloride crystals is by the evaporative method, although it took a week to get to a few mm in size.
Just to attempt to make some amount of pyrimethamine is such a bad ass idea! Man your videos are awesome, I can't wait for the ones about setting up your own lab come out.
Scoot Malcheski, you the real MVP man!
Please make a video on a few common battery types along with a few you personally like, detailing the chemical reactions in the batteries. That would be amazing.
Fantastic place to start the journey.
Thank you so much for these videos! I'm 52 and still have that curiosity just like when I was a young boy. I recently started studying Biology, and that led to the Atomic level which pulled me toward Chemistry. Funny how my OCD mind goes where it leads me.
If I hit the Lottery, we will make a pure research lab. Because I will invest my money to live on, and the rest we can do Science for the purity of it. Good comments on the way things are. Money drives EVERYTHING now more than ever in history, and I feel it limits us severely in all aspects of our lives and our future. It also drives the Stupid people (those that run with discoveries and feed off of the unknowing) to start making claims that are only half truths and coming up with a money making scheme based on their quack science. So I've discovered in my own studies. Google "find out your lifespan by telomeres" This is BS at its finest. Anyhow..."End Rant" Thank you for the Nerd Porn!!
I appreciate your videos, and commend you on admitting when you make a mistake. (We are only human, it's all good) I work with so many people that cannot ask for help, or admit their mistakes. Sad Really.
+NumberTenGi Thank you for your kind words! :)
Thank you very much sir .
This comment section...50 people thinking they are clever for mentioning breaking-bad or methamphetamine. People, meth really isn't difficult at all to make. The difficulty in making the mythical super high grade meth isn't so much that you need some super-special recipe to do it or some magic technique; that was just a plot device in the show. In truth, as is the case with quite a lot of chemistry, there comes a level of purity where in, getting it more pure involves doing financially unwise things, like expending more energy in larger and more complicated distillation methods; or letting more and more of your feedstock go to waste because the stuff doesn't end up on the purified side of your apparatus.
I presume this is why Nurdrage isn't going to bother to produce medical-grade stuff in his upcoming series. That last level of purification and analysis is pretty dry time-consuming work, and wouldn't make for terribly good videos.
And they need to learn that not everything that starts with „meth-„ is a drug
Medical grade pharmaceuticals are set up to VERY high standards, and most of the time, recrystallization and A/B extraction will work just fine. It mostly depends on the reagents/methods used. For example, one making methamphetamine via the phenyl acetic acid route will most likely start out by reacting KCN or NaCN with a benzyl halide to form benzyl cyanide, which is then converted to phenylacetic acid via sulfuric acid. Using this method, you MUST purify it as much as possible, since you used the very potent cyanide in making it. The phenyl acidic acid is then reductivly aminated to form methamphetamine.
Now if one instead starts with pure, reagent grade P2P, cyanide contamination isnt an issue as it would’ve been removed by manufacturers. The closer the molecule is to the final product when you first start chemically altering it, the purer and safer it will be. Most of the time, people are consuming extremely impure meth with contains deliberately added poisons.
Further advances in quantum computing should greatly help with predicting and simulating chemical reactions.
awesome channel great vid as always NR good job !
9:24 You can blame that on the "scientists" (almost exclusively in medicine, psychology and sociology) who publish fraudulent results.
+RonJohn63 yeah, it greatly pains me to see scientists publishing shit. Not all do, but the few that do put the rest of us in a bad light.
+NurdRage one of the things i find amazing about you is the way you are straight forward.keep up the good work.
Regarding fuel, cells the unfortunate property of platinum that makes it an amazing catalyst in fuel cells and other things is it's atomic radius. The usual failure Mode for Platinum catalysts is causing a reaction so violent that the platinum is expelled from the system with the products. Unless we find a catalyst that operated on a different principal or is significantly less susceptible to passivation platinum will likely be a limiting resource for humanity.
+Far Creek Forge What'll be cool is, in the next couple decades or so, when we're mining asteroids, the supply and price of most PGMs will change (literally) astronomically. (But likely not gold, so if you're looking to maintain an investment stockpile, I'd suggest gold is better than platinum.)
I, for one, can't wait until iridium pipe shows up at McMaster Carr. It'll still be expensive, no doubt, but absolutely available enough to use in quantity as an engineering material. I doubt there's been very much study of PGMs and alloys for structural purposes; the things we could do with chemically inert, refractory, high strength structures are wonderous to contemplate (with fuel cells being only one currently known, and currently limited, application!).
Hello Mr NurdRage
Just watching this vid now, and at 5:50 (approx) you described your work as PhD, and myself, as a former biochemistry student turned into organic chemistry, got my ear on you, since enzyme mimicry is one of my favourite fields of research, just because, damn... We have such a lot of naturally occuring products with pharmaceutical interest ,such as ergot alkaloids, THC, psilocybin(wich is set to be produced by genetically engineered microbes), taxol, digitalis cardiac glycosides, and much more, and thinking that all that complex molecules were being made by natural sources using enzymes as catalysts, i would love to see more enzime mimics (such as mimics of enzymes involved on the biosynthesis i referred) being developed for use as catalysts on organic chemistry and pharmaceutical productions
Hope an answer from you NR
Sweet!!! that's a dope idea for a series.
Dr. N. Butyl Lithium, what glassware suppliers would you recommend a beginner hobby chemist shop from? Also, in regards to simulated reactions, I'm sure that quantum computing is what will ultimately allow us to fully and accurately simulate chemical reactions.
Couldn't agree more with the answer you gave Danny Chan (8:37)
Setting up an amateur lab? Is someone going to be "Breaking bad"?
My questions
1. Is it possible to create a plasma effect using chemicals?
2. Considering 2nd law of thermodynamics is, if organic molecules can evolve in complex entities over eons of time, how do you conserve the 2nd law, i.e., decrease in entropy leads to increase in entropy to balance the equation.
3. how do you integrate quantum mechanics into your modeling of reactions?
It's a great thing. A wonderful treasure. Unfortunately, I could only get 10% of what was there. And that with my own money. Unfortunately, there is not much support for science in our country. I hope you make beautiful inventions.
I'm not sure that the portland cement answer applied to portland cement. It seemed to explain what concrete was & how it became concrete, but portland cement is like a glue that is used for many masonry materials, not just concrete. I'm not sure that that was accurately answered or explained. Concrete = Rock, Sand, Cement (portland), & water, in large quantities it comes in a truck with a big drum on the back. Portland cement, in large quantities, probably comes from a train car or 55 gallon drums. There is a difference.
very interesting . i like the videos even though i understand very little except the basics , i am 13 . i do enjoy these ones . wondering if you can make a video on carbon based on alkanes , alkenes and alkynes and other carbon compounds . i think you
know organic chemistry very well as anyone learning chemistry will tell you , i have an aunt in america working for a famous company starting with something in AS , i dont remember but i love chemistry and keep up the great work , and i hope you make stuff frequently .
sorry if this was long .
There are a bunch of other big technical hurdles with fuel cell cars that will probably never make hydrogen fuel cell cars possible; or we need to find some fundamentally different ways of doing things (like higher QE catalysts). Most importantly and primarily, the thermoneutral voltage of water splitting is 1.48V while the splitting potential is 1.23V. Long story short, this means in order to both produce and consume hydrogen, the difference is necessarily converted into a phonon (=heat), which reduces the maximum fundamentally possible cycle efficiency to (1.23/1.48)^2=69%. For current tech low-temperature (=immediately available, efficient) fuel cells, this excess heat needs to be quickly removed at low temperature (about 60C) in order to keep the reaction going, which puts a lower bound on the volumetric power density of a fuel cell. This in turn affects what catalyst complexes you can use and how the supporting pipework and electronics need to behave, which leads to a bunch of problems including the inability to quickly throttle (due to the speed of diffusion of protons), a quite significant loss of hydrogen through the tailpipe which needs to be regenerated and problems with electrode poisoning. In short, PEM fuel cells are giant engineering compromise and having worked with them I just don't see this happening. We need something else. I'm much more interested in autocatalyzing SOFCs (which you can feed pretty much any hydrocarbon), but these have no efficiency benefit over ICEs.
Besides, there is no hydrogen infrastructure, there is not enough platinum and palladium and there is no way to fix these societal issues in time before battery electric vehicles outcompete both fuel cells and ICEs.
I have two questions, and hopefully you'll do me the honor of answering both.
First, why is it that so many organo-metallics spontaneously combust? Especially the methyls. Why, for instance, does Methyl Aluminium burst into ravenous flames as soon as it's removed from the container?
Secondly, what is it you're making in this video?
Thanks.
Roger
If you use table salt for growing salt crystals, use kosher salt instead of normal iodized salt or you'll have sodium iodide contamination, kosher salt does not contain iodine.
Speaking of computational chemistry, have you seen Dr. Christian Schafmeister's molecular Lego?
if i were a research chemist, i would spend every day trying to discover more less addictive pain relief for the millions of chronic pain sufferers. I have had severe chronic spinal pain for 30 years and there are many who spend most of their life in pain.
Good choice, Scott!
What is being stired in the background?
I think it's iron and Hydrochloric acid.
... That container on the mixer in the background, not being centered, is messing me something fierce man...
please do more organic chemistry!
I would like to see lutidine and denatonium synthesis.
Maybe some dyes too (diazo dyes should be pretty easy)
I also have a question: If you do a very complex organic reaction with low yield (e.g. 25%) or with very complex products (disqualifying distilation and making solvent extractions hard to optimise) or both, how do you separate the products and obtain reasonable purity for next steps of synthesis?
Also, could you do a How-to video on designing an organic synthesis pathway? I try to design some of my own (with no ability to try out) and I feel like I'm overusing grignards especially in conjunction with epoxides.
Another question: can you O-alkylate product of grignard reaction before acidic work-up (magnesium halide alkoxide)?
That Sodium Crystal guy should try Dishwater Salt that is much more clean than normal Table Salt.
look up Maldon salt company UK, they have a couple of videos of old world salt making they still use. sea water works great..BUT you dont boil it, you filter extremely well then evaporate at around 65C overnight, the Magnesium salts float to the top in flakes, remove these and carry on evaporating overnight. PURE salt then forms on the bottom and is raked up.
Take a look at the documentary that was made for Maldon salt UK, apparently sea salt supplier to the queen.
One last point from them, use saturated sea salt from a marsh area at spring tide time.
Dear Nurf Rage,
Thanks for your educating videos,
I was wondering if I can use reverse osmosis membrane as electrolysis membrane
Wow, learning alot even from a Q & A. Also, do you mind if you could make your voice a little higher? I know you are trying to hide your identity, but can you make it just a bit higher?
Nice glassware. So your new leading benefactor is ... Walter White?
hey Nurdrage... ive been a huge fan for a long time now and I love chemistry and engineering. I am a senior in HS and applying to universities as chemical engineering as my major. Needless to say I think I will like chem engineering and I know the vast differences (between that and chemistry) So my question is where did you go to study and what actually did you study in college? You got your PHD doctorates degree right? How long did you go to school for? I have a lot more questions so if you can shoot me back please!!!! Well thanks so much NurdRage you've sparked many interests in me and I hope to be half the chemist you are one day!!!! (I have a lab set up at home and I do a lot of your experiments :) )
I have UV light not bigger than a bean but it's scary; quartz glass all assembled on stainless steel...
Scary
im having a chemistry competition soon and I wanted you to tell about: Suboxides,superoxides and peroxides , please:-)
im almost positive that NurdRage is TAOFLEDERMAUS
The Tesla cars "Slowly taking off". I'd say they're taking off quite quickly, faster than a Bugatti Veyron! (Pun city!)
a couple year back I had found a condenser like the one a the star of the video in a flea market but the one i found some kid had decided that if they smash the top it would make a great one off bong if there something that can a amateur chemist cringe specially when you learn the price of a new one
I have a question: Apparently methanoic acid can behave as an aldehyde because it can be thought of as having a CHO group. Does this mean that methanamide can exhibit aldehyde-like chemical properties since it also has that CHO group? Do they undergo all the reactions like any other carbonyl compound would?? (like reaction with 2,4 DNPH etc.)I'd be so glad if you could answer this because this has been bugging me for a long time and i haven't been able to find the answer anywhere else. Thanks in advance!!(i'm reposting this coz it seems like you missed out on this one:P)
will you ever do a video on aluminum anodizing.
I have noticed that shining a red diode laser on green glow in the dark material causes it to darken where the beam hits. I assume it's some quantum mechanical process but could you explain it in detail? Does it have any practical use?
I want to know, even though you focus more on chemistry and this is astronomy, but what is your opinion on white holes
I just want the basic things for soxhlet extractor and and distillation apparatus for separating solvents from materials to reuse it
+NurdRage I recall research using Carbon structure as replacement for platinum, from what I recall, it has quite a lot shorter life than platinum but works as well and well Carbon is everywhere so it should be vastly cheaper, cheap enough to make it a replaceable item in fuel cell car.
While googling, I found this site, but youtube does not allow me to paste anything apparently. Typing it out, hope I get it correct. Http://www.gizmag.com/nanorod-catalyst/23090/
There is another using polymers but url is much longer and I am likely to make a typo somewhere.
+NurdRage Wow check this out. New method. bit.ly/1OQPN4f
Does electrolysis break different or all chemical bonds at certain temperatures of a complicated molecule ?
They say that Toyota fuel cell, use electrolyte to draw electrical power from chemical reaction of hydrogen with oxygen. This electrical power must be huge. So there is a way to capture that enegrgy from oxygen and hydrogen reaction.
This is very interesting. Obviously industry dont want peo0ple having something that would not require profit, but I am curious for this technology for long time now. My idea was to use pressure from same reaction and use turbine to convert it to kinetic then electric energy but this Toyota cell dont have any moving parts except compressed hydrogen.
Could you write a list of the basic things you need to buy to set up a lab 4 basic things obviously you use most of the same equipment in your videos
Hey could you point "swim" in the right direction in making his own synthyroid ?
So they named the car the Toyota Future
Have you ever tryed to use titanium coated drill bits for electrolysis
Can you reproduce Hennig Brand's method of making white-phosphorus by distilling urine.
We've probably all seen it before, but distilling urine and thinking of Brand's neighbours is always good for a laugh.
I teach in a school in Lebanon and we have a lot of the expensive chemical you talk about... If you were closer I would invite you to use the lab.
i am kinda sad the owner of the glasswhere quit but i am sure you will put it to good use
Me too, it's very good glassware. I just hope they went on to better things. :)
sodium chloride is a pain just getting out of solution by evaporation
solubility is just so high it's not cool getting out if solution without evaporating some 80% of the water and growing crystals is pobably even worse
potassium chloride is much nicer
Your content is so satisfying!id be so willing to be a patron for 1000/video if I had the cash
Hey anon you rock!
Would your answer to the question about what you would research given unlimited money have been different before you became youtube famous? Or have you always had this inherent drive to educate freely?
good stuff, keep it up
Hey my question is very urgent.... Can I use leather gloves in handling sulfuric acid
love the vids
Very interesting
Well,Here's My Dose Of Science :)
+Awesome That's sad.
It really is
I have some goggles made of PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride). I need to reshape them, I'm trying to find a chemical method instead of boiling water. I've tried heat but the material becomes brittle and cracks. I didn't see any phthalates last time I went to home depot. Or how do I make methylene chloride? Thanks.
YAY HES GONNA SHOW US HOW TO MAKE CRYSTAL METH!!! :D
No, I think that was "crystals", meh...
NurdRage lives in Québec? :-0
would be interesting to learn something about nitro glycerine , what it is, how it works and how its done ^-^
+Axel Werner It's a flammable sugar alcohol (glycerol) that has three nitro groups attached to it. Nitro groups (NO3) act as oxidizers. When you provide lots of oxygen so closely to something flammable it reacts so quickly it creates large amounts of expanding gas which causes the explosion. "Detonation of nitroglycerin generates gases that would occupy more than 1,200 times the original volume at ordinary room temperature and pressure."
I think you should join kahn academy youll have a lot of supporters I think
Can any one tell me what solutions would be the best to carry out a recrystallization of impure potassium hydroxide?
hmmm ''correct me if im wrong'' and then a very personal answer to a very personal question dosent make much sense
can you make termite whit Al replaced whit chroom?
sounds like you thought of a use for the quantum computers.
Lysergic acid diethylamide?I've done quite a bit of research on LSA from Morning glory seeds but they contain other chemicals that are poisonous and can cause sever cramps and vomiting not to mention diarrhea, I've heard about people eating the seeds or grinding them and using cold water extraction but I have a bad feeling about LSA, is it possible to extract just the LSA without any of the other chemicals that can cause the number of things I have listed?Also is it even potent at all?
Take an organic chem class and go from there.
Also, erowid.org
Thanks for the help
All that glassware must've came from a meth lab.... No reasonable person would donate that much.
+joblessalex I think I recognize that glassware, I think it is from another person that did some other youtube chemistry videos but no longer appears to be producing videos anymore.
+Nolansykinsley Could be. It's just with that amount of free glass, you must've completely quit the field or something...
I don't think meth labs need to use so many fiddly pieces of glassware, except perhaps in Breaking Bad.
Industrial methamphetamine production equipment would look more like moonshine distillation apparatus. A large modified beer keg with some precipitation and heating elements for instance.
Meth labs are fucking breaking bad shit. Its just beakers. Hot plates. And chemicals.
+joblessalex Breaking Bad props =)
where can I get and what would be the most suitable equipment to produce 30% hcl in laboratory on a small scale of 2 liters
jeovanny
money to buy muriatic acid
i love you
Id like to make a donation of 50.00 if i can ask a few questions about oxides and alumina will you help me.
wait a month until you get paid for the video series ;)
the guy who gave this glass ware probly had a meth lab
Most guys who used to have a meth lab are not around to give their shit away. And the police generally don't give the stuff away either.
@@Robert08010 OMG 😁 I CANT BELIEVE YOU REPLIED TO THIS COMMENT 5 YEARS LATER. I was 15 years old when I typed that lol. Now I’m almost 21. God dam time really flies!
Many of the questions this month were so damn dull. Someone should ask him how is babby formed or how girl get pragnent. You know, some dank shitblike that.
Question. Whats with the voice synthesizer?
At first I thought this was real and thought he was black lmao, I was like jesus christ it sounds like hes been smoking pot and weed all his life. But didn't wanna be rude so just kept hush hush.
What's wrong with it? :) Me like
I'm not sure if this is totally accurate but their is more than one person, one possibly being a woman, based on my observations, of the hands and voice patterns, and a possible fluctuation in the voice modulator or it is a different voice but is only a hypothesis, besides the fact being a youtuber is a risky profession
+moneyman295 I do realize that was badly worded, it's hard to type(broken screen) and got ahead of myself, thus skipping organization
ChemPlayer actually uses a synthesizer. NurdRage uses his own voice but modifies it a bit ;)
Could it have anything to do with the stigma towards garage chemistry? I mean, if not for Walter White...
not as an insult, but this isnt your real voice is it? so could you reveal your real voice? ;P
His/her/it's voice is changed as said in a previous qna I think, and he/she/it changes the voice for protection and/or confidentiality. Remember that nurdrage has said some confidential stuff in the qna's, and I agree with it all, but some people won't, and some people will take it too far. From a voice you can check if they are a male or female. Then you can look through a large amount of chemists in their region. I think Canada as nurd had Canadian pennies in the pennies to gold vid. Anyway, from that they could probably find their name easily on the Internet and/or if they live near there they could personally investigate. They would then be able to find their workplace and then where they live. And extremists at the very least can generate a large amount of hate mail. I swear the laws of conservation are wrong, people make hate out of nothing...
+yo momma I highly doubt authorities care about him defacing currency, and if they did, Google holds all of his financial information, something the authorities can subpoena. Now his employers, that's a different story.
Lmao I thought that was his actual voice and thought he was black the first time I heard it, lmao but I didn't wanna be disrespectful so I kept it to myself.
The glassware probably came from a meth lab
who else would want to donate that much, its heavily used, and he wanted to be anonymous.
meth lab confirmed
+will Philip Not really the stuff you would really need in a methlab, nor would you want.
I have just read this week about a nitrogen doped, graphene cobalt catalyst that was discovered to be comparable to platinum in the splitting of water to hydrogen and oxygen. The article explained that this compound could eliminate the need for platinum in fuel cells. Does this discovery increase the viability of fuel cell technology for applications such as automobiles? Was the expense of Platinum the main reason you believe that fuel cell technology will not be the future of automobiles? I have included a link to the article that announces the discovery of the properties of this new compound. Thanks,
Daniel Nusbaum
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/10/151021115126.htm Chem Student
Can someone donate glassware to me... pls
Its BTTF Day!!!
Are there any interesting reactions with mercury metal?
There is no need to call the man a "jackass" if you do your research on him. Half of the drug is given away for free, and will continue to be. The only people that have to pay the 750$/pill premium is the people that can afford it. The low-income persons who rely on the drug will continue to have access for it for low or no cost. But I mean, if you want to make assumptions based on headlines without reading the articles thoroughly or choose to not listen to his interviews.
Thats cool too. But let's not demonize someone who's trying to make a less toxic medication for people that are already dying.
+WigglingWaffles The original cost of the drug was ~$13.50/pill. This isn't a small incremental increase to reflect changing economic conditions, this is a jackass move to make money at the expense of the sick and desperate. And just because someone can afford it doesn't mean they deserve it.
So the rich people that ARE paying 750$/pill dont deserve it? They're the ones fronting the money to pay for the research into a less toxic drug. It's free to those who cannot afford that premium. He even said in an interview that over half of their inventory is given away or sold for
+WigglingWaffles I believe what he is trying to say is that even though the rich can afford the pill doesn't mean they deserve to have to pay way more than what the drug is actually worth.... In the first place what separates the "rich" and "poor". What about the middle who, while able to afford it, will still find it a burden.
+WigglingWaffles I believe what he is trying to say is that even though the rich can afford the pill doesn't mean they deserve to have to pay way more than what the drug is actually worth.... In the first place what separates the "rich" and "poor". What about the middle who, while able to afford it, will still find it a burden.
+WigglingWaffles I believe what he is trying to say is that even though the rich can afford the pill doesn't mean they deserve to have to pay way more than what the drug is actually worth.... In the first place what separates the "rich" and "poor". What about the middle who, while able to afford it, will still find it a burden.
Hello