I would absolutely ADORE an episode on indigenous fire regimes. In Southern Oregon, where I live, fire exclusionary policies have devastated our forests. Their composition has drastically changed from the drought and heat resilient pine stands, to overstocked mountaintops of Douglas-fir. This has resulted in a significant intensification of fires, and the deprecation of habitat and harvest-able tree girth and quality. I have a cursory understanding *that* local tribal groups used fire as a management tool, but the details, and broader context both within the local region and the entire continent is wholly lost on me.
@@AncientAmericas it was purposely suppressed by his advisor, and has only found light again in the last 20 years due to M Kat Anderson and other archeologists further removed from the insanity of the 20th and 19th century. It’s a fantastic book! Great introduction short of actually learning from fire knowledge holders and communities themselves
I wanna genuinely thank you. Your work has made me appreciate native history and culture much more than I did before, which is a real shame seeing how I’ve lived in Texas and New Mexico my whole life. Your Chaco Canyon episode really hit me hard because I visited some of those sites as a young child. These people, their cultures and histories should be required curriculum in our elementary and high schools. We focus too much on the frontiersmen and pioneers and too little on the amazing people and civilizations that were here before.
I agree. I live in north Florida and so actually, education on indigenous peoples, and the Spanish (and French) colonization was actually decently covered, at least l for an elementary education. That being said, in middle and high school it basically was dropped from the curriculum. So while I was exposed to these concepts and interested in them at a young age, this is the first opportunity I’ve ever had to hear them discussed in an “adult”/academic sense. Thank you, Ancient Americas.
ABQ local, and it surprises me that chaco canyon isn't better well known in the country. Barely anyone in new Mexico itself talks about it, let alone knows it even exists.
You sir gained another subscriber. I am Plains Ojibwe and Plains Cree from Manitoba. I love bison. My reserve has herd back home. We have two spirit bison as well. I like learning about Indigenous American history. I like learning about my tribal neighbors and tribes far from me like the Amazon and Central America. I just found this channel.
@@AncientAmericas oh hell yeah you bet. I know local historians and local tribal historians that I am related too. Used to hear stories and legends about the ice age and different time periods.
You, miniminuteman, and Stephen Milo all helped me realize I wanted to pursue anthropology and archeology. I’m currently finishing my freshman year of college and couldn’t be any more appreciative of the research and work yall do.
Dude, unless your family is well off-*don’t do it* you’ll be poor. As a man you have to provide for your future family and you won’t be able to unless you strike the lottery or stumble upon a way to make it lucrative. Keep what you enjoy as a hobby and do what you can to make money.
@@hotmess9640 shut the hell up with your *as a man* shit. I’m gonna do what I want to as a career because the career market is short archaeologists in almost every sector. I know the pay isn’t good. I made it through my first year of college staring at wages. The fun part is. My wife is allowed to make more than me
A few years ago my brother and I were on a road trip in the Black Hills of South Dakota. He looks at me while I’m driving and asks if we’d see any bison in the Hills, I say “Probably not, they’re gonna be more in the plains, not up here.” Less than five minutes later I’m proven very wrong and we get a view of one of these beautiful creatures up close (without aggravating it, thankfully.) I’m so glad these animals are starting to come back in larger numbers!
Bison east of the Appalachians are a fascinating and under-studied topic. Its unclear when they arrived, and they don't have a substantial presence in pre-columbian trash pits. But we do know they were there. In the Northeast and Midatlantic, troupes of between a dozen and fifty individuals frequently occupied savanna and river-bottom ecosystems west of the fall line. Its a really unique niche chapter of natural history that I hope gets more attention in the future.
There is a podcast called "Bear Grease" by Clay newcomb. In one of his audio books he says that Bison numbers probably exploded to unnaturally high levels after around 1500 when natives died off from European contact and diseases. This then probably made Bison go more into the east then they had prior.
The eastern bison and eastern elk were definitely in the northeastern USA. Kentucky has reintroduced elk. Also the camel family didn't die out in the americas. The andian deer is actually part of the camel family and ancient Peruvians developed the packa and llama from them.
Man I can’t express enough how much your work is appreciated. it’s hard to find legit information on Native American History, and a lot of the videos out there go about talking about these things in a mysterious/stereotypical kind of way. The way you go about presenting the information during your videos shows how realistic, curious, insightful, and respectful you are towards the cultures/people/topics you decide to cover. Your channel has been a gem for a while and it doesn’t seem to be letting up soon so thank you for that. if only everyone had your level of consideration!
Great video! Thank you for going into detail about Head-Smashed-In. That was really fascinating. I love this format of doing a deep dive into an animal resource.
Thank you! This was a really fun episode to make. If you want to read up in depth on Head-Smashed-In, there's a very good book on it written by archaeologist and bison expert Jack Brink. Highly recommend it.
I grew up in Calgary Alberta and I remembered going on a field trip to Head Smashed In Buffalo Jump. I don’t remember hardly a details though. I remember being surprised that it didn’t look like a very long drop, but I guess piles and piles of bison over so many years built up the base. I think they taught us about funnelling the bison, but your explanation really clarified it for me. I have a separate memory of sitting in a Teepee at the Glenbow museum and trying pemmican. Another class field trip.
Applause! I visited HSI Alberta as a teen, and it has stuck with me ever since living in alaska and hunting forest bison there gave me even more respect and awe of our ancestors. this was a very great episode of your wonderful channel. thanks!
You have my subscription because you are one of a few people that I know that know how and when to use the word "wont!" It made my ears perk up when I heard it. Thanks! And after seeing the description of the Bison Jump exercise it is likely that we can ever truly grasp the complicated process used. Yes, it had to have taken a hundred life times to get it done well.
a video on the stone walls and chambers of New England would be incredible. Ceremonial stone landscapes (CSLs) everywhere in NE, including dolmens, standing stones, balanced rocks, etc
Great video! I’ve been to Head Smashed-In Buffalo Jump twice and I want to go back. It’s an amazing archeology site and seeing the topography in person really gives you an idea on why it was used as a jump.
@@AncientAmericas If you ever head to Alberta I also recommend Old Women’s Buffalo Jump and Dry Island Buffalo Jump. They don’t have museums like Head Smashed-In but they are still worth visiting.
It makes sense that the Bison weren't domesticated. The hunt would have been a group activity that involved multiple tribes and ritual behavior. Domestication and farming represent a paradigm change in religious practice and power structure and I would think society would resist this change rather than adopt it unless necessary.
@@AncientAmericas 100% disagree. Domestication would have been beneficial. You even said yourself that people could not keep up with the herd and would have to time arrival. A domesticated herd would not have the issue. Like zebra, bison herd structure is not ideal for domestication. They have no leader. Tuarens, horses, wolfs, elephants all have a leader or hierarchy of their herds.
Bison are farmed commercially in Alberta, Canada (though it is very much a specialty/niche product). I am only a consumer, but I assume that these animals are domesticated. Wild herds certainly do exist, but hunting is prohibited.
@@williamharris8367 commercial bison are not pure American bison and would be hybridized with cattle. Also just cause an animal is farmed does not mean it is domesticated and the handling techniques still differ. Look at how the Maasai herd and interact with their cattle. Now imagine doing that with bison.
This video was an absolute banger. Bison are a huge part of the iconography here in south dakota, and i know a few ranchers that have them. They are awesome animals!
When you described the process of the cliff hunt it almost veered into the realm of non fiction prose. The description gave me goose bumps. You could experiment more with that!
I am persuaded that the die off of the mega fauna was greatly influenced by the Younger Dryas asteroid impact, with the immediate physical carnage, and the consequent return to ice age conditions contributing to their disappearance. Amazing content as always, thank you.
@@taxirob2248 The Younger Dryas is a real fact of life, but the cause has been hotly debated. Personally I’m not a meteor impact supporter, but until more studies are done we really don’t know.
@@SuperDave-vj9en I did not deny the Younger Dryas, but citing an impact event is speculative. There is not enough evidence for an impactor, not even as a hypothesis.
It was humans, climate change certainly had an impact but megafauna in africa (which would have evolved side by side with humans and therefore adapted to us) did way better than any other continent.
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I hope you really enjoyed your trip to Peru! I didn't get to go this year but I hope you do another trip in the future and can't wait to see some videos and pictures. Keep up the great videos.
I also hope we see more RPGs in the future based on or focused on the Pre-Columbian American Southeast as well as on Cahokia. Imagine an alternate history video game in which Cahokia survived or one where a Cherokee-Creek Confederacy was formed and was able to establish an independent recognized Native American sovereign state that modernized & industrialized.
I LOVE BISON, thank you for this video! Since I first watched your videos about 1 1/2 years ago (which you may remember from me commenting that "Paracas" sounded like "Pirakas"), I've grown to officially LOVE learning about history. UNFORTUNATELY, Europe, Oceania, and especially Africa are SO AWESOME in that regard that I've kind of shut myself off from learning the history of the Americas and Asia (unless if, for the latter, Madagascar and/or Mapungubwe are involved), but maybe watching your videos again will change that!
Amazing episode. And i'm extremely excited about the next episode. I've been hoping for videos on the indigenous peoples of the Great Plains for a while
Had no idea that the call for bison conservation started all the way back in the 1900s, I would’ve thought that was a much more recent thing. I guess seeing such an iconic, special animal disappear so fast horrified even non-indigenous people back then.
You single-handedly ignited my interest in these subjects. It's so refreshing to see someone who is so passionate about what is basically another world to us. And you have that very sober scholarly sensibility that classes up the whole channel. Thank you
I'm sure prehistoric peoples were also hunted by a select few extinct animals. He could make several videos of this in seperate time frames that would look totally different
Parrots used to inhabit far more of the North American continent. Both important obviously for ecology but also as part of society and cultural significance. Then the ecological destruction wrought by settler colonials depopulated the birds from Nebraska to New York, making their only habitats down south and coastal.
@@NCRonrad my moms comanche ( we i mean, itsa taa numunu) and I heard stories of heirloom shields and pendants with man hair and parrot and quetzal feathers and abalone pieces that were almost definitely traded for or gathered on an expedition south. More than likely in a private collection somewhere now, this was before the Indian schools took over so it was probably stolen and traded. my gramma and great uncle were taken from their folks because they didn't speak English and sent to live with a white Christian family that were shitty then they were saved by a Korean missionary family of all people and were raised with love from those people.
@@i8764theKevassitant sad but also glad they were saved. Sounds like an incredible set of family items too. In the four corners, Zuni, Hopi, Navajo take note and remember the “rain birds” parrots and other birds who always fly ahead of rain clouds. In addition to the macaw feathers (this is the first I hear of the Quetzal feathers this far up! But not surprised other considering the chocolate found hundreds of miles away from the Yucatán)
Thank you so much for each video, you have taught us all so many incredible things! You are an inspiration and have one of the best channels out there! ❤😊❤
Thank you for another extraordinary video! I don't think I've ever heard of bison corrals before this. The idea of trying to manage a thundering herd of hundreds of terrified one-ton bison is daunting, to say the least. These communal hunts must've been incredible. God be with you out there, everybody. ✝️ :)
I live not too far from a bison ranch and have been lucky enough to see them a few times. They're such beautiful majestic creatures and I'm thankful they're still around. Hopefully someday they'll be able to reclaim some of their former glory. We owe you an apology, bison!
OMG Im so happy you included sorces! Im making an Atlas for a class and theres this whole thing im doing about the relation of humans and "cows" in art during history
The genus bison is currently considered a synonym of bos (the genus that includes cattle, yak and gaur) based on the fact that it sits within bos genetically, unfortunately there is a bit of complication in the fossil record as *"Bison"* (the genus) is proposed to be the direct descendant of a completely different genus (leptobos) while there are bos species already knocking around.
For those who speak french or german , arte made a documentary of the history of the bison, and used this history to tell the storie of the natives and the storie of the american colonisation, very interresting
This is phenomenal content. Thank you for your efforts and dedication to historical accuracy. There is so much false mythology and speculation concerning American bison out there. You clearly did your research! Thank you for educating us on this beautiful facet of American history!!!
I remember reading an account of a European explorer encountering a bison herd that stretched from horizon to horizon & took the afternoon to pass. I can't remember where I read that unfortunately.
Lewis and Clark have stories about that. Many early colonizers make note of the incredible ecology on display as they set the stage for destruction going west
The insane contrast between the myth of Native Americans using “every part of the bison” and the extreme waste of successful bison jumps is startling to say the least. I’m not saying that they didn’t have their reasons for doing so, be they religious, cultural, or even practical and concrete, but it really does shed a new light on the whole modern cultural zeitgeist of Native American peoples’ way of life before the arrival of the Europeans.
There is a deep divide between needing a lot of meat and product and the ability to control those numbers who be killed. Also there was the extreme danger involved in doing this. People were killed during these hunts. This was not shooting pigs in a pen for fun and laughter, cock fighting or bear baiting.
Bisons, Buffalos, Elks, Moose, Caribous, Bears, Cougars, Wolves, And Eagles are some of the most respected Non Humans by loads of Amerindian Tribes yeah.
Agree, but Bison and Buffalo are the same. Buffalo is just how Europeans called them because of confusion with some french word (I think). Point is, bison = American buffalo
@@doktortutankamazon31wrong. No other animal was as integral to the survival of Plains Natives as the bison. The bison is the most important aspect of Plains Natives lives, even as told by the people, themselves. Their folklore and lifestyles literally tell as much. Leave your white man's romanticism of my ancestors out of educated discussion.
37:01 Indigenous fire regimes? Yes please. Just read "The Greatest Estate on Earth" by Bill Gammage , about the use of fire management in precolonised Australia. Like to hear about the use of similar techniques in North America
Interesting! Ive read lot of things here and there about how indigenous peoples in North America used fire and brush clearing and were pretty rigorous with their management of their hunting and gathering grounds- kinda changes your idea of precolonial America from a wilderness to more like a continent sized game park/timber farm.
Please tell me more about the crazy speed of those prairie fire. Love a Texas Panhandle resident who was stuck in town due to the fire at the end of February. But for real, it was burning 2 football fields a second.
It’s not dissimilar to what some archaeologists think happened in copper age/Bronze Age Europe and Asia, interestingly enough! The short version as recounted by me( not a historian)is that basically though farming grain/plants and sedentary lifestyles were established first, after horses were domesticated it made herding large herds of animals like cattle much easier, and these new nomad pastoralist people could just move if they ran out of grass or water fort their animals while the farmers were stuck if their crops failed. So they think a lot of the early farmers just might’ve abandoned their villages and become nomad horse/camel/cattle/reindeer herders because it was a lot more return for less work compared to growing cereal crops. Not surprising that natives in the Americas would’ve ditched their old ways once they saw how well being a nomad on horseback was working for others!
@@Replicaatealthough native Americans never had a history of agriculture or crop raising. They naturally began as nomadic and stayed that way until their lifestyle was…. Deleted, to put it kindly.
@@ekothesilent9456they most certainly had agriculture. The east coast native people taught the first pilgrims how to farm the new world crops. Corn was domesticated in central America and moved north all the way up to Canada. Most east coast native people were the equivalent of European neolithic farmers.
@@ekothesilent9456you must be new to this channel if you think native Americans don’t have a history of agriculture. From Cahokia to Tenochtitlan to the Andes, you can find sophisticated agricultural systems lol.
Is the reason that people think bison symbolize America is because the European bison died off before people started coming to America in droves. I recently found out about the European Bison and my mind was blown, I had no idea.
After watching this video. Im just thinking how did you gained this knowledge? Who told you our secrets? because you did a great job at covering the topic. I love it. Respect man.
Anyone who claims that Plains Indians over hunted bison should remember that it was Europeans who nearly drove them to extinction within just 100 years.
And you're right, Plain Indigenous never over hunted bison; on the contrary they carefully only killed grown males (bison travel in groups of either males, either females with babies), and they used every part of the animal.
@@lloydgush Bison travel in hordes of either only males, or females with the calves. That's how they could easily know they're going only after males, even for bison jumps.
It's somewhat a dark thought, but when mass production agriculture ends up largely abandoned from lack of water in a lot of states the bison may return to help stabilize the soils again.
Bison were in large numbers during European arrival because the old world diseases killed lots of hunters leading to explosion of Bison population, before that bison population was controlled by regular hunting.
As for domestication, there's no proof that indigenous peoples weren't keeping bison. We know that calves were caught and given as gifts and Monteczuma had some in his personal zoo, far south from where they'd originated. Many improved cultivars of food plant species were lost in the mass die-off and only rediscovered through the genetics of their pollen and seeds found at digsites, so it's plausible that domestic animals may have been lost as well.
Going to push back on the comments about Bison domesticability, the assumptions you're implying that all animals are domesticable to a much greater degree than they are even in cases where their relatives are Domestication events are vanishingly rare over human history and it's entirely possible that the bos species of Eurasia were more domesticable for reasons unrelated to their numbers. Especially given the absence of any domesticated bison species in Eurasia prior to the modern era even in cases where it's numbers declined at a less absurd rate than its American cousin Bison numbers have been *managed* in many historic cases just as deer, kangaroo, or salmon have been in a wide variety of places but never as a fully domestic species.
First, I'm not a biologist so take this with a grain of salt. Domestication involves controlling or influencing a group of animals and their reproduction in such a way that someone can select certain traits to continue (or not continue) to the next generation of that group of animals. That is possible with any animal but it's impractical for most and probably very difficult for others. I'm only arguing that bison domestication was possible but that it wasn't worth the time and effort of the plains people. Similar challenges probably faced people in Asia when they domesticated yaks, gaurs and aurochs. The difference is that they felt that the labor and time costs were worth it.
Honestly, your notation of the native American and buffalo culling by colonizers is pretty tame. From what I can tell, a lot of modern scholarship labels this as a genocide. Manifest Destiny was even cited by name as an inspiration for Nazi Lebensraum.
True. That’s a very important annotation on what was otherwise a great discussion of native people’s relationship with the bison and hunting techniques. What was done to the (seemingly endless bounty of) bison was a great travesty and a monument to the greedy and exploitative influence European colonists and ‘manifest destiny’ brought to native America. This was well illustrated in a recent PBS documentary by Ken Burns.
There are plenty of sources and people who want to talk solely about the genocide and slaughter. All that does is turn these proud people into victims of History. But that doesn't teach about the culture and the history for thousands of years prior too. This guy is really good at admitting that one thing happened but trying to teach everything before.
@@ElderFreeman413 What an incredibly dismissive thing to say. There are victims of history - that's objectively true and extremely important to note because the genocide of native Americans is largely not taught as such. It's not taught as such because those policies are still extremely relevant today. What you're doing is only one step removed from genocide denial. My original point still stands - he's trying to talk about the history of indigenous plains Americans, and their intentional genocide is probably one of the most important things to discuss. To do otherwise would be like talking about German history of 1900-1950 and barely mentioning the Holocaust. And he did very briefly mention it - all I am suggesting is that the terminology should be updated to modern scholarship that's more objective.
Dude this has to be some of the best documentation I've seen yet and I'm only 10 minutes into it! Praise God there's a documentary that matches the research papers regarding the science and all that other crap behind it I had to read. °~•.☆.•~° I mean to get to the good stuff I have to read all this prequel stuff in these papers and it's like, "Oh my God! I don't understand half of it!" Forces me to stop at every part that I do not understand and not move forward until I understand it 🥺😢😭 It's so miserable 😭 but I got to know!
i read an account/theory that bison were original going to extinction around 1400-1600 but with europeans diseases killing so many Native Americans that bison populations re bounced back to tens of million, saw this theory in the last decade. Think they used bison geology(dna) to see that they almost went extinct thats where this theory came from.
Adds further proof that we were 50 million to even 90 million plus people in North America alone. I Guess some sickness in the settlers wanted to make the extinction final
@@AncientAmericas yes this was a scientific paper(?) they said a few thousand bison were left to 7k, i think its been 4-7 years? since i read it. should redod the dates to1500-1600. i think this was a add on (research) because so few bison were left they were checking their genetic diversity and saw a recent genetic bottleneck.
@@Jay-ho9io been awhile this from a scientific paper looking/studing at bison dna/genelogy. another scientific youtuber quoted the paper. not gonna name other yt
Thank you. Havre, Montana, has a pretty cool Bison jump, too. Tours were available when I was in college in the 80s. Not sure if those are still available.
That's really cool. Definitely keep your distance though. I always cringe when I see people in national parks getting close to bison. Those things can wreck your day in the blink of an eye.
obviously off topic, but have you ever considered doing an offshoot series/channel about pre colonial oceania/australia/new zealand? love ur format, love ur videos, thanks for this one. 🦬🦬🦬🦬🦬🦬🦬🦬🦬🦬🦬🦬
Never once. Not because I have no interest in that area but just because my attention is focus on North and South America and Polynesia is outside it. I do think the Pacific and Polynesian history is incredibly fascinating and I'd love to see a channel focused on that.
I would absolutely ADORE an episode on indigenous fire regimes.
In Southern Oregon, where I live, fire exclusionary policies have devastated our forests. Their composition has drastically changed from the drought and heat resilient pine stands, to overstocked mountaintops of Douglas-fir. This has resulted in a significant intensification of fires, and the deprecation of habitat and harvest-able tree girth and quality.
I have a cursory understanding *that* local tribal groups used fire as a management tool, but the details, and broader context both within the local region and the entire continent is wholly lost on me.
Forgotten fires by Omer C Stewart is a fantastic starting point
@@NCRonradthanks for this. Added to my list
You and me both. I've had that episode on my list for years. It'll get made someday!
OMG! How did I not know about this book!? Thank you!
@@AncientAmericas it was purposely suppressed by his advisor, and has only found light again in the last 20 years due to M Kat Anderson and other archeologists further removed from the insanity of the 20th and 19th century. It’s a fantastic book! Great introduction short of actually learning from fire knowledge holders and communities themselves
I wanna genuinely thank you. Your work has made me appreciate native history and culture much more than I did before, which is a real shame seeing how I’ve lived in Texas and New Mexico my whole life. Your Chaco Canyon episode really hit me hard because I visited some of those sites as a young child. These people, their cultures and histories should be required curriculum in our elementary and high schools. We focus too much on the frontiersmen and pioneers and too little on the amazing people and civilizations that were here before.
I feel the same. It's been such an awakening
I agree. I live in north Florida and so actually, education on indigenous peoples, and the Spanish (and French) colonization was actually decently covered, at least l for an elementary education. That being said, in middle and high school it basically was dropped from the curriculum. So while I was exposed to these concepts and interested in them at a young age, this is the first opportunity I’ve ever had to hear them discussed in an “adult”/academic sense.
Thank you, Ancient Americas.
His Hohokam episode hit the same for me as an PHX local!! Such important work
ABQ local, and it surprises me that chaco canyon isn't better well known in the country. Barely anyone in new Mexico itself talks about it, let alone knows it even exists.
Thank you!
We are covering bison in my class this very week! From a small reservation school in the PNW, thank you! My kids always enjoy your videos.
Thank you! I hope they enjoy it!
@@AncientAmericas Mapuche
@@SallyGibson-ep1sobe sure to teach the kids how the white man almost made them extinct
You sir gained another subscriber. I am Plains Ojibwe and Plains Cree from Manitoba. I love bison. My reserve has herd back home. We have two spirit bison as well. I like learning about Indigenous American history. I like learning about my tribal neighbors and tribes far from me like the Amazon and Central America. I just found this channel.
Thank you! I'm very jealous that you got to grow up so close to bison. Must have been pretty cool to have them as a regular sight.
@@AncientAmericas oh hell yeah you bet. I know local historians and local tribal historians that I am related too. Used to hear stories and legends about the ice age and different time periods.
Googling "spirit bison" and from context, the closest thing I can figure is it means they have white fur?
@@pauldickman4379 You wouldn't get it Mate.
@@bizhiwnamadabi3901 Why? Is it hard to explain? I wasnt trying to offend by asking, just curious…
You, miniminuteman, and Stephen Milo all helped me realize I wanted to pursue anthropology and archeology. I’m currently finishing my freshman year of college and couldn’t be any more appreciative of the research and work yall do.
Thanks! That means a lot. Good luck with your studies!
Great career choice! I wish you all the best!
@@guillervz thank you very much
Dude, unless your family is well off-*don’t do it* you’ll be poor. As a man you have to provide for your future family and you won’t be able to unless you strike the lottery or stumble upon a way to make it lucrative. Keep what you enjoy as a hobby and do what you can to make money.
@@hotmess9640 shut the hell up with your *as a man* shit. I’m gonna do what I want to as a career because the career market is short archaeologists in almost every sector. I know the pay isn’t good. I made it through my first year of college staring at wages. The fun part is. My wife is allowed to make more than me
Our reservation in town just got some bison a month or so ago and it brings me so much joy every time I drive past them in the fields ❤
As it should. The natives only took what they needed. Unlike the white man who decimated herds in a short amount of time
Bro I was getting ready for bed! Now I HAVE to stay up another 45 mins to savor this!
Fear not, it will still be here tomorrow.
@@AncientAmericas yeah but it was worth staying up for
Big bison bros
Bison gang, Ancient Americas gang
@@AncientAmericas Mapuche
Ancient Americas kino just back on the menu boys 😍
A few years ago my brother and I were on a road trip in the Black Hills of South Dakota. He looks at me while I’m driving and asks if we’d see any bison in the Hills, I say “Probably not, they’re gonna be more in the plains, not up here.”
Less than five minutes later I’m proven very wrong and we get a view of one of these beautiful creatures up close (without aggravating it, thankfully.)
I’m so glad these animals are starting to come back in larger numbers!
I've been to Custer State Park in the Black Hills and it's a beautiful place to visit. There's bison all over the place!
There are Bidon Ranchers, developing in the plains. CROSS TIMBERS BISON is one ranch Dusty and Melissa Baker are owners and TH-cam Creators.
@@AncientAmericas Mapuche
Bison east of the Appalachians are a fascinating and under-studied topic. Its unclear when they arrived, and they don't have a substantial presence in pre-columbian trash pits. But we do know they were there. In the Northeast and Midatlantic, troupes of between a dozen and fifty individuals frequently occupied savanna and river-bottom ecosystems west of the fall line. Its a really unique niche chapter of natural history that I hope gets more attention in the future.
There is a podcast called "Bear Grease" by Clay newcomb. In one of his audio books he says that Bison numbers probably exploded to unnaturally high levels after around 1500 when natives died off from European contact and diseases. This then probably made Bison go more into the east then they had prior.
source? he SHOWS A MAP showing the eastern corridor you wierdo @@adamosborn4194
ah nevermind you said appalachians, the map shows the green ending around there. i misread that as adirondacks.
The eastern bison and eastern elk were definitely in the northeastern USA. Kentucky has reintroduced elk.
Also the camel family didn't die out in the americas. The andian deer is actually part of the camel family and ancient Peruvians developed the packa and llama from them.
@@mrbigbadbearbear What's the Fall Line?
Man I can’t express enough how much your work is appreciated. it’s hard to find legit information on Native American History, and a lot of the videos out there go about talking about these things in a mysterious/stereotypical kind of way. The way you go about presenting the information during your videos shows how realistic, curious, insightful, and respectful you are towards the cultures/people/topics you decide to cover. Your channel has been a gem for a while and it doesn’t seem to be letting up soon so thank you for that. if only everyone had your level of consideration!
Thank you!
Great video! Thank you for going into detail about Head-Smashed-In. That was really fascinating. I love this format of doing a deep dive into an animal resource.
Thank you! This was a really fun episode to make. If you want to read up in depth on Head-Smashed-In, there's a very good book on it written by archaeologist and bison expert Jack Brink. Highly recommend it.
@@AncientAmericas Mapuche video ancient americas Please I need one
Can’t thank you enough for always making videos of indigenous North/South America! Great work as always!
Thank you!
The americas have a wealth of history that is barely known outside of academia. Thank you for creating something like this
A lot of history isn't being taught anymore. Just ask the native americans....
I grew up in Calgary Alberta and I remembered going on a field trip to Head Smashed In Buffalo Jump. I don’t remember hardly a details though. I remember being surprised that it didn’t look like a very long drop, but I guess piles and piles of bison over so many years built up the base. I think they taught us about funnelling the bison, but your explanation really clarified it for me.
I have a separate memory of sitting in a Teepee at the Glenbow museum and trying pemmican. Another class field trip.
You had much cooler field trips that I did growing up.
@@AncientAmericas MAPUCHE VIDEO I BEG OF YOU
Applause! I visited HSI Alberta as a teen, and it has stuck with me ever since living in alaska and hunting forest bison there gave me even more respect and awe of our ancestors. this was a very great episode of your wonderful channel. thanks!
Thank you!
Awesome late night release from one of the best channels on TH-cam!!!
Thank you!
this video is so good, I was genuinely enthralled from start to finish
Thank you!
You have my subscription because you are one of a few people that I know that know how and when to use the word "wont!" It made my ears perk up when I heard it. Thanks! And after seeing the description of the Bison Jump exercise it is likely that we can ever truly grasp the complicated process used. Yes, it had to have taken a hundred life times to get it done well.
Thanks!
I relocated to the ains 15 years ago and i love channels that educate me on this region.
a video on the stone walls and chambers of New England would be incredible. Ceremonial stone landscapes (CSLs) everywhere in NE, including dolmens, standing stones, balanced rocks, etc
Great video! I’ve been to Head Smashed-In Buffalo Jump twice and I want to go back. It’s an amazing archeology site and seeing the topography in person really gives you an idea on why it was used as a jump.
I really hope I can see it someday!
@@AncientAmericas If you ever head to Alberta I also recommend Old Women’s Buffalo Jump and Dry Island Buffalo Jump. They don’t have museums like Head Smashed-In but they are still worth visiting.
It makes sense that the Bison weren't domesticated. The hunt would have been a group activity that involved multiple tribes and ritual behavior. Domestication and farming represent a paradigm change in religious practice and power structure and I would think society would resist this change rather than adopt it unless necessary.
100% agree.
it probably helped keep peace between tribes like potlatches do
@@AncientAmericas
100% disagree.
Domestication would have been beneficial. You even said yourself that people could not keep up with the herd and would have to time arrival. A domesticated herd would not have the issue.
Like zebra, bison herd structure is not ideal for domestication. They have no leader. Tuarens, horses, wolfs, elephants all have a leader or hierarchy of their herds.
Bison are farmed commercially in Alberta, Canada (though it is very much a specialty/niche product). I am only a consumer, but I assume that these animals are domesticated. Wild herds certainly do exist, but hunting is prohibited.
@@williamharris8367
commercial bison are not pure American bison and would be hybridized with cattle.
Also just cause an animal is farmed does not mean it is domesticated and the handling techniques still differ.
Look at how the Maasai herd and interact with their cattle. Now imagine doing that with bison.
I absolutely love your content and get so excited when a new video drops. Keep up the amazing work!!
Thank you!
This video was an absolute banger. Bison are a huge part of the iconography here in south dakota, and i know a few ranchers that have them. They are awesome animals!
Thank you!
When you described the process of the cliff hunt it almost veered into the realm of non fiction prose. The description gave me goose bumps. You could experiment more with that!
I am persuaded that the die off of the mega fauna was greatly influenced by the Younger Dryas asteroid impact, with the immediate physical carnage, and the consequent return to ice age conditions contributing to their disappearance. Amazing content as always, thank you.
Thank you!
you probably should stop talking about an impact event until you find proof for it
@@taxirob2248
The Younger Dryas is a real fact of life, but the cause has been hotly debated. Personally I’m not a meteor impact supporter, but until more studies are done we really don’t know.
@@SuperDave-vj9en I did not deny the Younger Dryas, but citing an impact event is speculative. There is not enough evidence for an impactor, not even as a hypothesis.
It was humans, climate change certainly had an impact but megafauna in africa (which would have evolved side by side with humans and therefore adapted to us) did way better than any other continent.
I hope you really enjoyed your trip to Peru! I didn't get to go this year but I hope you do another trip in the future and can't wait to see some videos and pictures. Keep up the great videos.
Thank you! It was an amazing trip!
wooo! great new video! glad to see you make another! keep it up!
Thanks Portal!
Please do the fire episode. That sounds fascinating!
I've had that episode on my list for years. It'll get its turn someday.
I also hope we see more RPGs in the future based on or focused on the Pre-Columbian American Southeast as well as on Cahokia. Imagine an alternate history video game in which Cahokia survived or one where a Cherokee-Creek Confederacy was formed and was able to establish an independent recognized Native American sovereign state that modernized & industrialized.
I LOVE BISON, thank you for this video! Since I first watched your videos about 1 1/2 years ago (which you may remember from me commenting that "Paracas" sounded like "Pirakas"), I've grown to officially LOVE learning about history. UNFORTUNATELY, Europe, Oceania, and especially Africa are SO AWESOME in that regard that I've kind of shut myself off from learning the history of the Americas and Asia (unless if, for the latter, Madagascar and/or Mapungubwe are involved), but maybe watching your videos again will change that!
Oh shit! My favorite channel
This is great info. I work at a nature conservancy that restores prairie and we have a bison herd on the property!
That's awesome! Are people able to visit the area and see the bison?
Now THIS is how you start a weekend
Awesome documentary thank you! Glad I found your channel
Amazing episode. And i'm extremely excited about the next episode. I've been hoping for videos on the indigenous peoples of the Great Plains for a while
Thank you!
Had no idea that the call for bison conservation started all the way back in the 1900s, I would’ve thought that was a much more recent thing. I guess seeing such an iconic, special animal disappear so fast horrified even non-indigenous people back then.
The bronx zoo in ny was from what I understand had bred a lot from 26 animals. Early 1900
Incredible episode. Fantastic work, as always.
Thank you!
Wooo
A new Video and about bisons
Let's go
You single-handedly ignited my interest in these subjects. It's so refreshing to see someone who is so passionate about what is basically another world to us. And you have that very sober scholarly sensibility that classes up the whole channel. Thank you
Thank you!
Excellent, with emphasis on facts, not popular or racist or Hiollywod portrayals.
Excellent. Another science communicator to add to the list. Excellent work, people like you are what we need more of.
Thank you!
You know do you think you can do a video on the extinct animals that the native Americans would have encountered and hunted?
I'm sure prehistoric peoples were also hunted by a select few extinct animals. He could make several videos of this in seperate time frames that would look totally different
Parrots used to inhabit far more of the North American continent. Both important obviously for ecology but also as part of society and cultural significance. Then the ecological destruction wrought by settler colonials depopulated the birds from Nebraska to New York, making their only habitats down south and coastal.
@@NCRonrad my moms comanche ( we i mean, itsa taa numunu) and I heard stories of heirloom shields and pendants with man hair and parrot and quetzal feathers and abalone pieces that were almost definitely traded for or gathered on an expedition south. More than likely in a private collection somewhere now, this was before the Indian schools took over so it was probably stolen and traded. my gramma and great uncle were taken from their folks because they didn't speak English and sent to live with a white Christian family that were shitty then they were saved by a Korean missionary family of all people and were raised with love from those people.
That would be a cool video.
@@i8764theKevassitant sad but also glad they were saved. Sounds like an incredible set of family items too. In the four corners, Zuni, Hopi, Navajo take note and remember the “rain birds” parrots and other birds who always fly ahead of rain clouds. In addition to the macaw feathers (this is the first I hear of the Quetzal feathers this far up! But not surprised other considering the chocolate found hundreds of miles away from the Yucatán)
I appreciate your videos and the format you retain. Your videos have improved my life and perspective.
gracias por tu trabajo!
De nada!
Thank you so much for each video, you have taught us all so many incredible things! You are an inspiration and have one of the best channels out there! ❤😊❤
Thank you!
I fucking love bison. That's my comment. That's it.
Beautiful in it's brevity.
such wholesome and beautiful beasts
Bison*
Thank you for another extraordinary video! I don't think I've ever heard of bison corrals before this. The idea of trying to manage a thundering herd of hundreds of terrified one-ton bison is daunting, to say the least. These communal hunts must've been incredible.
God be with you out there, everybody. ✝️ :)
I live not too far from a bison ranch and have been lucky enough to see them a few times. They're such beautiful majestic creatures and I'm thankful they're still around. Hopefully someday they'll be able to reclaim some of their former glory. We owe you an apology, bison!
OMG Im so happy you included sorces! Im making an Atlas for a class and theres this whole thing im doing about the relation of humans and "cows" in art during history
Happy to help!
The genus bison is currently considered a synonym of bos (the genus that includes cattle, yak and gaur) based on the fact that it sits within bos genetically, unfortunately there is a bit of complication in the fossil record as *"Bison"* (the genus) is proposed to be the direct descendant of a completely different genus (leptobos) while there are bos species already knocking around.
is the genetic record clear or is there inter-species mixing?
1:57 does Mr Bison from Street Fighter have a separate genus?
M Bison Vegus.
OF COURSE!
Absolutely adore all your videos, great narration.
Many thanks from England.
Thank you!
For those who speak french or german , arte made a documentary of the history of the bison, and used this history to tell the storie of the natives and the storie of the american colonisation, very interresting
arte huh...
@@jeebusk ?
This is phenomenal content. Thank you for your efforts and dedication to historical accuracy. There is so much false mythology and speculation concerning American bison out there. You clearly did your research! Thank you for educating us on this beautiful facet of American history!!!
Thank you!
I remember reading an account of a European explorer encountering a bison herd that stretched from horizon to horizon & took the afternoon to pass. I can't remember where I read that unfortunately.
Lewis and Clark have stories about that. Many early colonizers make note of the incredible ecology on display as they set the stage for destruction going west
Rivers so full of fish one could almost wall over them
I read several quotes from explorers that gave similar descriptions. It's incredible how many bison there once were on the plains.
I needed a channel like this!!!
The insane contrast between the myth of Native Americans using “every part of the bison” and the extreme waste of successful bison jumps is startling to say the least.
I’m not saying that they didn’t have their reasons for doing so, be they religious, cultural, or even practical and concrete, but it really does shed a new light on the whole modern cultural zeitgeist of Native American peoples’ way of life before the arrival of the Europeans.
It was startling to me too. Those people were doing what they needed to do to survive and thrive.
There is a deep divide between needing a lot of meat and product and the ability to control those numbers who be killed. Also there was the extreme danger involved in doing this. People were killed during these hunts. This was not shooting pigs in a pen for fun and laughter, cock fighting or bear baiting.
@@lenabreijer1311 I don’t see how that relates to my comment
@@lucasmilone5902 well that is your problem and shows that you have the colonial attitude.
@@lenabreijer1311 how does describing my surprise at a historical fact which I was not aware of show I have a “colonial attitude”?
Thank you for another excellent video! I didn't know how interested I was in this subject matter until I discovered your channel.
Thank you!
Bisons, Buffalos, Elks, Moose, Caribous, Bears, Cougars, Wolves, And Eagles are some of the most respected Non Humans by loads of Amerindian Tribes yeah.
Agree, but Bison and Buffalo are the same. Buffalo is just how Europeans called them because of confusion with some french word (I think). Point is, bison = American buffalo
All animals were respected. There was no " most respected".
@@doktortutankamazon31wrong. No other animal was as integral to the survival of Plains Natives as the bison. The bison is the most important aspect of Plains Natives lives, even as told by the people, themselves. Their folklore and lifestyles literally tell as much. Leave your white man's romanticism of my ancestors out of educated discussion.
There are no Buffalo in America. Only Bison.
Rats 🐀 and snakes 🐍 were equally respected
obviously stupid comments
@@doktortutankamazon31
Please make a video about fire regimes or land management in general that would be very cool
I've been wanting to make a video about indigenous fire regimes for a long time. We'll get there eventually.
37:01 Indigenous fire regimes? Yes please. Just read "The Greatest Estate on Earth" by Bill Gammage , about the use of fire management in precolonised Australia. Like to hear about the use of similar techniques in North America
Interesting! Ive read lot of things here and there about how indigenous peoples in North America used fire and brush clearing and were pretty rigorous with their management of their hunting and gathering grounds- kinda changes your idea of precolonial America from a wilderness to more like a continent sized game park/timber farm.
We'll get there someday. I've had that topic on my list for years now.
Please tell me more about the crazy speed of those prairie fire. Love a Texas Panhandle resident who was stuck in town due to the fire at the end of February.
But for real, it was burning 2 football fields a second.
The fact that becoming a horse nomad was such a fun way of life that several people groups just mass migrated to do so.
It’s not dissimilar to what some archaeologists think happened in copper age/Bronze Age Europe and Asia, interestingly enough!
The short version as recounted by me( not a historian)is that basically though farming grain/plants and sedentary lifestyles were established first, after horses were domesticated it made herding large herds of animals like cattle much easier, and these new nomad pastoralist people could just move if they ran out of grass or water fort their animals while the farmers were stuck if their crops failed. So they think a lot of the early farmers just might’ve abandoned their villages and become nomad horse/camel/cattle/reindeer herders because it was a lot more return for less work compared to growing cereal crops. Not surprising that natives in the Americas would’ve ditched their old ways once they saw how well being a nomad on horseback was working for others!
@@Replicaatealthough native Americans never had a history of agriculture or crop raising. They naturally began as nomadic and stayed that way until their lifestyle was…. Deleted, to put it kindly.
I mean, why not?
@@ekothesilent9456they most certainly had agriculture. The east coast native people taught the first pilgrims how to farm the new world crops. Corn was domesticated in central America and moved north all the way up to Canada. Most east coast native people were the equivalent of European neolithic farmers.
@@ekothesilent9456you must be new to this channel if you think native Americans don’t have a history of agriculture. From Cahokia to Tenochtitlan to the Andes, you can find sophisticated agricultural systems lol.
We really did the bison dirty, but I'm glad conservation efforts are proceeding
Absolutely amazing stuff.
Living wholly around bison is such a knotted and quirky way of life, but louds great.
Is the reason that people think bison symbolize America is because the European bison died off before people started coming to America in droves. I recently found out about the European Bison and my mind was blown, I had no idea.
After watching this video. Im just thinking how did you gained this knowledge? Who told you our secrets? because you did a great job at covering the topic. I love it. Respect man.
Thanks! You are too kind.
Anyone who claims that Plains Indians over hunted bison should remember that it was Europeans who nearly drove them to extinction within just 100 years.
Pretty sure this is common knowledge
Not Europeans, the US government did.
And you're right, Plain Indigenous never over hunted bison; on the contrary they carefully only killed grown males (bison travel in groups of either males, either females with babies), and they used every part of the animal.
@@AltanirvesTeokwitlaoselotlvideo seems to disagree with the only adult male hypothesis.
Certainly not for bison jumps and runs.
@@lloydgush Bison travel in hordes of either only males, or females with the calves. That's how they could easily know they're going only after males, even for bison jumps.
Thank you for always making great videos and sharing your thoughts🌵❤️
Hope the herds can run free again one day somehow.
It's somewhat a dark thought, but when mass production agriculture ends up largely abandoned from lack of water in a lot of states the bison may return to help stabilize the soils again.
Is diesel really great videos and I was just wondering if anyone knows if there are any ancient Africa videos out there that are as good as these
I'm a big fan of the channel From Nothing. It's an excellent African history channel.
@@AncientAmericasthank you
Bison were in large numbers during European arrival because the old world diseases killed lots of hunters leading to explosion of Bison population, before that bison population was controlled by regular hunting.
Awesome episode! Still hoping for a video on the paleo Indians of the Northeast!!
Thank you!
Shout out to Head-Smashed-In-Buffalo-Jump
Wow! Head-Smashed-In-Buffalo-Jump mentioned!
Amazing detailed video, I really enjoyed learning about all the tactics involved!
Thank you!
Well here goes my plans for the day.
Thanks! I've had that fire episode on my list for years. Someday it'll get made.
been waiting for this topic🙏looking forward to the next one
As for domestication, there's no proof that indigenous peoples weren't keeping bison. We know that calves were caught and given as gifts and Monteczuma had some in his personal zoo, far south from where they'd originated. Many improved cultivars of food plant species were lost in the mass die-off and only rediscovered through the genetics of their pollen and seeds found at digsites, so it's plausible that domestic animals may have been lost as well.
I never heard of that and its really interesting. Is there a specific source or account that mentions that?
I always wanted to learn more about native people on the plains so I really appreciate these videos!
Just wait until the next video! More people and more plains!
They also used the Bisons brains for Tanning animal hides.
finally.....I have been waiting since the beginning of the month....am hooked
Going to push back on the comments about Bison domesticability, the assumptions you're implying that all animals are domesticable to a much greater degree than they are even in cases where their relatives are
Domestication events are vanishingly rare over human history and it's entirely possible that the bos species of Eurasia were more domesticable for reasons unrelated to their numbers. Especially given the absence of any domesticated bison species in Eurasia prior to the modern era even in cases where it's numbers declined at a less absurd rate than its American cousin
Bison numbers have been *managed* in many historic cases just as deer, kangaroo, or salmon have been in a wide variety of places but never as a fully domestic species.
Pretty sure genocide of the entire bison species plays a significant role in this story you cooked up
First, I'm not a biologist so take this with a grain of salt. Domestication involves controlling or influencing a group of animals and their reproduction in such a way that someone can select certain traits to continue (or not continue) to the next generation of that group of animals. That is possible with any animal but it's impractical for most and probably very difficult for others. I'm only arguing that bison domestication was possible but that it wasn't worth the time and effort of the plains people. Similar challenges probably faced people in Asia when they domesticated yaks, gaurs and aurochs. The difference is that they felt that the labor and time costs were worth it.
Very good point that the Eurasian bison were never domesticated either.
Currently binge watching all your videos ❤
Honestly, your notation of the native American and buffalo culling by colonizers is pretty tame. From what I can tell, a lot of modern scholarship labels this as a genocide. Manifest Destiny was even cited by name as an inspiration for Nazi Lebensraum.
Yeah, I thought so too, from everything I’ve read. Something like 400 survived hiding in a canyon somewhere?
There was even a mention on Yellowstone. Dutton claimed his grandfather saved the last surviving herd. Thought that was funny.
True. That’s a very important annotation on what was otherwise a great discussion of native people’s relationship with the bison and hunting techniques. What was done to the (seemingly endless bounty of) bison was a great travesty and a monument to the greedy and exploitative influence European colonists and ‘manifest destiny’ brought to native America. This was well illustrated in a recent PBS documentary by Ken Burns.
There are plenty of sources and people who want to talk solely about the genocide and slaughter. All that does is turn these proud people into victims of History. But that doesn't teach about the culture and the history for thousands of years prior too.
This guy is really good at admitting that one thing happened but trying to teach everything before.
@@ElderFreeman413 What an incredibly dismissive thing to say. There are victims of history - that's objectively true and extremely important to note because the genocide of native Americans is largely not taught as such. It's not taught as such because those policies are still extremely relevant today.
What you're doing is only one step removed from genocide denial.
My original point still stands - he's trying to talk about the history of indigenous plains Americans, and their intentional genocide is probably one of the most important things to discuss. To do otherwise would be like talking about German history of 1900-1950 and barely mentioning the Holocaust.
And he did very briefly mention it - all I am suggesting is that the terminology should be updated to modern scholarship that's more objective.
Dude this has to be some of the best documentation I've seen yet and I'm only 10 minutes into it!
Praise God there's a documentary that matches the research papers regarding the science and all that other crap behind it I had to read.
°~•.☆.•~°
I mean to get to the good stuff I have to read all this prequel stuff in these papers and it's like, "Oh my God! I don't understand half of it!"
Forces me to stop at every part that I do not understand and not move forward until I understand it 🥺😢😭
It's so miserable 😭 but I got to know!
i read an account/theory that bison were original going to extinction around 1400-1600 but with europeans diseases killing so many Native Americans that bison populations re bounced back to tens of million, saw this theory in the last decade. Think they used bison geology(dna) to see that they almost went extinct thats where this theory came from.
Interesting. I didn't come across that when I was researching but it sounds plausible.
Adds further proof that we were 50 million to even 90 million plus people in North America alone. I Guess some sickness in the settlers wanted to make the extinction final
@@AncientAmericas yes this was a scientific paper(?) they said a few thousand bison were left to 7k, i think its been 4-7 years? since i read it. should redod the dates to1500-1600. i think this was a add on (research) because so few bison were left they were checking their genetic diversity and saw a recent genetic bottleneck.
Where is the specific source you got that supposed statement from?
@@Jay-ho9io been awhile this from a scientific paper looking/studing at bison dna/genelogy. another scientific youtuber quoted the paper. not gonna name other yt
I love this channel and this episode particularly
Always fascinating and entertaining. Thank you for your wonderful work.
Thank you!
I've just started watching your videos and love them so much! Would you consider making a video about the Chickasaw tribe, if you haven't already?
Thank you! I don't see why not. They'll just have to wait their turn.
Thank you. Havre, Montana, has a pretty cool Bison jump, too. Tours were available when I was in college in the 80s. Not sure if those are still available.
Good day to all. Thanks, I love the information and bove all the bison.
You’re a legend. These videos are unreal
Thank you!
Thank you! I like the way the word
I’ve found it.. The perfect video to fall asleep to!
Thx for the boring bison vid 😂🦬🦬🦬
You're welcome!
Ancient Americas, It would have been nice if you had given a link to the other video. I did a search and still can’t find it.
My apologies if it wasn't clear. The plains video is still in production but it will be coming next!
@@AncientAmericas thanks, I thought I had missed the episode.
I love learning about animals and histpry, especially bizon amazing video!
Fascinating. There’s an area not far from me with a wild heard. They are majestic and intimidating up close (but not too close)!
That's really cool. Definitely keep your distance though. I always cringe when I see people in national parks getting close to bison. Those things can wreck your day in the blink of an eye.
Great doco. Like your style
Thank you!
obviously off topic, but have you ever considered doing an offshoot series/channel about pre colonial oceania/australia/new zealand? love ur format, love ur videos, thanks for this one. 🦬🦬🦬🦬🦬🦬🦬🦬🦬🦬🦬🦬
Never once. Not because I have no interest in that area but just because my attention is focus on North and South America and Polynesia is outside it. I do think the Pacific and Polynesian history is incredibly fascinating and I'd love to see a channel focused on that.