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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 21 ก.ย. 2024
- Turning saltwater into clean drinking water is an expensive, energy-intensive process, but could the wonder material graphene make it more accessible?
New Discovery Could Unlock Graphene's Full Potential - • New Discovery Could Un...
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Top 10 Uses for the World's Strongest Material
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"Graphene is the world's new wonder material. It's the thinnest electronic material ever invented, consisting of a layer of carbon atoms just a single atom thick -- the atoms are arranged in a hexagonal pattern. It weighs almost nothing, coming in at only 0.77 grams for a square meter. But it's no lightweight. Graphene is 100 times stronger than steel of the same thickness. It conducts both heat and electricity better than copper, and has outstanding optical and mechanical properties. If it could be produced on an industrial scale, graphene might revolutionize fields such as electronics and even body armor."
A Lucky Lab Accident Results in Bucketloads of Graphene
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Apparently, when it comes to making graphene, the 21st-century 'miracle material' taking manufacturing by storm, you can do things the hard way or the fun way. The hard ways - and there are dozens - all have their own complications. Some require high temperatures and long 'cooking' times, others require the use of hazardous chemicals like sulfuric acid or hydrazine. The easy way comes from physicists at Kansas State University, and the process is admirably straightforward: Fill a steel containment unit with oxygen and hydrocarbon gas, detonate it with the spark and, voila, a bucketload of soot-like graphene. Scrape it out and repeat.
Graphene sieve turns seawater into drinking water
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"Graphene-oxide membranes have attracted considerable attention as promising candidates for new filtration technologies. Now the much sought-after development of making membranes capable of sieving common salts has been achieved. New research demonstrates the real-world potential of providing clean drinking water for millions of people who struggle to access adequate clean water sources. The new findings from a group of scientists at The University of Manchester were published today in the journal Nature Nanotechnology. Previously graphene-oxide membranes have shown exciting potential for gas separation and water filtration."
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Special thanks to Julian Huguet for hosting and writing this episode of Seeker!
Check Julian out on Twitter: / jhug00 - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
This IS the future. It is expensive now, won't be in another decade. There was a time calculators were expensive...
calculators are still expensive...
they are 2$ here
They still are. But that's only because of test regulations and the TI monopoly. If tests would allow phone calculators, or the use of tablets with apps like Desmos and Archimedes installed, then TI would go out of business instantly. But ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
u are right...
Crevetta I think you're confusing what they cost to buy with cost to build. A graphing calculator generally cost around $100 to buy, but only cost a few dollars to make. It's simple supply and demand economics.
Graphene is literally the type of material you read in sci-fi books! We haven't found a material with the same amount properties and usefulness since *steel*! Truly, what a time to be alive.
F2 Cameron Khanpour
I'm not totally convinced it isn't unicorn skin
make graphene by making silicon carbide and cooling in a graphite mold. its a free energy device. semiconductive silicon carbide will absorb radio waves including from lightning strikes if used as a grounded antenna. the graphene layer on outside will store electricity like a battery.
Unicorn foreskin, actually....
Cameron Khanpour yep
And we can't found graphene in the market too.
Graphene can also get rid of all my salty friend?
Dr.StickFigure #saltypaul idk who will get this but if you do then you are amazing
Dr.StickFigure ..totally
No, sorry. You'll have to knock them back to the 60s so they can spend some time with the hippies, or they'll be lost in rage forever.
HEYYYY.. don't get rid of meeeeeeeeee.. :D
and then they could running in the 90s
Graphene can do anything except leave the laboratory.
Computers where once very very expensive, only governments had them and their known uses where very limited.
Yet today, even our refrigerators can have computers in them.
Wow 100% accurate
zach burke yeah that still doesnt solve the problem of mass production of graphene
so many applications but you need an army of scientists to make 1mm of graphene
Not entirely true, you could make a bunch of graphene with just one person. It just takes several hours. The problem is that if IBM or Samsung place an order of X amount of graphene, can a specific lab meet that requirement to produce enough for 1 billion Galaxy S9s... for example.
However, if I wanted to make a graphene super capacitor at home for my own personal projects, I can. I could even make enough graphene powered devices for some rich friends, just not enter the global market and distribute among several hundred tech companies for each line of product they have. Which is the current problem.
make silicon carbide and cool in a graphite mold. use silicon sand and activated charcoal in a graphite crucible. heat to 2000 -3000 C. cool in crucible to get layer of graphene on outside. oxidize on edges somehow.
workin on it still
1:11 Every single units.. That what we viewers want.. Thank you seeker for including these..
Yathu prem 😄
I don't like kiloliters. It's not wrong but cubic meters just sounds better and nobody says kiloliters
But can it fix TH-cam comment sections?
Gabrielplz DkS noting can do that
Ɩ'Ѧ ИѲƬ ƬĦЄ ѲИ˩Ƴ ѲИЄ? Ɩ ǤЄƬ ИѲƬƖҒƖƆΔƬƖѲИƧ βƲƬ ƜĦЄИ Ɩ Ɔ˩ƖƆƘ ƬĦЄЯЄ ƖƧ ИѲƬĦƖИǤ ƬĦЄЯЄ! Ƥ˩ЄΔƧЄ ҒƖχ ƬĦЄ ƆѲѦѦЄИƬ ƧЄƆƬƖѲИ!
BluRey BluRey u wot m8?
ѦƳ ИѲƬƖҒƖƆΔƬƖѲИ ƜѲЯƘƧ ИѲƜ ƬĦΔИƘƧ.
NO, THAT DOESNT EXIST, STOP BELIEVING IN THE IMPOSSIBLE
The "Na Na Na" joke earned my vote.
Am I getting something wrong here?
He said $1K - $2.5K a year for 10 people's water supply.
That's around $8.33 to $20.83 a month for water (for one person).
That's expensive?
Daniel on a large scale it is
mehul srivastava true...
I pay 48.00 a month... eeekk..
If you consider one poor working father with 4 kids, that adds up to a lot of his salary, only on water
Depending on the country it is.....Here in India, depending on the state they live in, the water could be as cheap as $5-6 a month, and there are still people who cant afford it due to very low income.
I had no idea there was a way to desalinate sea water. There's so much of it out there, it only makes sense that we'd find a way to make it drinkable. Thank you, Science.
I like this guy's vids the most.
S3RL lol, never knew you watched this stuff s3rl XD
is it Einstein ?, is it dark matter ?, IT'S GRAPHENE !!!
I couldnt decide if I like graphene or his shirt more.
Michael Fernandez
Matter Anti Matter & the 3rd state that has very little interaction with the environment.
That's why it's called
Doesn't Matter :-D ha ha.
Pump salt water into black tanks in the desert , the heat evaporates the water into cooling coils and out comes pure water , feed the salt to Live stock animals or make a salt factory then process it and sell it , only energy used is pumping the water in and getting the salt out after the water has evaporated
Hopefully large corporations don't get their hands on this new material and sell it for an arm and a leg.
The mass removal of salt not only gives fresh water to drink but also putting the salt back into the source water will help to counter the ongoing desalination of our salt water by global warming. This is a win win scenario.
Yes graphene could work to desalinate the salt water. However we could more cheaply harvest the sweet water that falls from the sky onto the ocean.
The fracking industry will love this. Water disposal and treatment is the hardest and most expensive part of the whole process. It doesn't have to be perfect it has to just make the water less toxic.
How much pressure do you need across the reverse osmosis membrane? Would the changing water level of the tides provide a sufficient pressure difference for reverse osmosis? It would be a massive project, but could you design some kind of channel or canal that would resonate with the tides to get a bigger change in elevation like what happens in the bay of fundy?
Graphene, I believe, is something the US should invest heavily in. it could help us out tremendously.
Good to see Hank Green on Seeker.
Well said !!! I don't want flexible screens but people need fresh water !!!
LOLOLOLOL @ 1:00! You got me on that one. That was a a dad joke and half, but i don't care! That was good!
Finally, I in a couple years we can filter all of the internets of its salt in a cheaper way
Thank you, Mr. Fuller.
Would you revisit this topic? Much has been discovered re graphene since 2017. This appears to be evolving faster than many expected.
if it weren't for Politics and officials being elected based on populous rhetoric instead of merit, we would've solved these problems long ago
Technocracy is the best.
i figured it out. make silicon carbide from activated charcoal and quartz sand. cool in graphite crucible.
works as a great crystal radio for free energy
Science is bloody AWESOME!!!
the presenter is amazing. can you please have him present more stuff?
Gotta love science at work!
I hope the people in South Africa and the desert Regions hear about this amazing Graphene science for desalination to be able to produce drinking water 👍🏾🙏🏾💦
This kid poured salt on a slug when I was a kid. I had a complete emotional breakdown, and was screaming "how would you like it if I killed you like that!!", which isn't exactly something teachers approve of. This same boy would torture frogs and worms and shit, though. So I still regret nothing.
Graphene is like the products of telemarketer, where products have all kind of uses you possibly think.
this is great to hear but what it still doesn't solve the issue of the leftover brine that is a product of desalination! we can't simply put the brine back into the ocean, as the high acidity will kill sea life, and we can't bury it either because it will dry out the surrounding soil, making it harder to grow crops! the problem of water scarcity can't be solved easily through desalination, but this is a good start at making it more economically feasible.
really glad I subbed to this channel. I've been missing out!
The solution to mass desalination is the Molten Salt Thorium Reactor. Cheaper electricity means cheaper water.
$1 per 1 kiloliter (= 1000 liters = 1 m³) isn't expensive. It's very close to a price households pay for their water supply
Sounds good ! And maybe they'll find even better ways to make and poduce graphene
This could also help clean other pollutants in our sewege plants, such as cleaning away drugs, so that it doesn't effect the ecosystem, if it manages to get out in our rivers and lakes.
MOF's will also be interesting to follow in this area. Just take the water from the air...
The issues with desalination will be completely eliminated once we have the energy limitation fixed. If you have an almost unlimited source of energy (solar, fusion, hydrogen, etc.) it matters less how much of it you use on less efficient processes since you will have an abundance. Just my opinion of course but the potential of graphene in the energy world is much more exciting.
An Indian inventor already invented a desalinization process that uses only barometric pressure. I heard about it a few years ago and then it just disappeared.
silicon carbide is a 1 to 1 ratio of silicon and carbon. its made by heating white quartz sand with activated charcoal in an electric furnace (1000 dollars). cool it in graphite to get silicon carbide and graphene
A method to manufacture graphene economically was developed by a graduated student in 2015.Which attending Delft University in the Netherland,He found a method to manufacture grapheme for 1,000 dollars a square meter.Typed Shou-En Zhu and China s 4th generation into your computer .China is building a 4th generation pebble bed ,helium cooled nuclear reactor in Saudi Arabia.
What is the actual cost of purifying water using this graphene and is it likely to become cheaper?
I think Desalination is a good jumping off point but not a complete solution to the issue, another method to increase the amount of water available to certain areas is terraforming if we could create large enough bodies of water in the driest areas then the water cycle would start to work it's magic and spread the water around the area allowing floura and fauna to increase in the area.
The simplest solutions are often overlooked. Desilting lakes and ponds in and around the city costs a fraction of the amount. Desalination is something that only people living in extremely arid regions like the gulf countries should have to resort to and even then you have to question, why have you built so much if you do not have the water to support it?
I might be looking at this wrong. but if graphene is one atom apart. that would mean that the gap between their bonds is also about one atom big. So how does a molecule fit through there which consists of multiple atoms?
Seeker. Proudly sponsored by Graphene.
Electrocoagulation is safe, cheap, and faster by volume than RO. The whole system consumes far less electrical power than RO, and can be easily supported by a solar farm and electrolytic battery cells which unlike newer and current battery technologies decompose so little in use, the service life expectancy is up to 30 years.
desalinization will fill small lakes for fire fighting and at the same time create the water that will evaporate and eventually fill the atmosphere with more water or help prevent droughts anyway it could fill small streams and increase irrigation and money
*I feel this like quicksand should be in my life far more often that it currently is*
this tone is great, by the way, if you are still figuring that out Seeker. very informative, but still has some fun, nerdy jokes :D
Graphene will be the core material for humanity for the next few hundred years
conclusion: stick a sheet of graphene on anything you want and it will make it at least 2 times better :)
I have a feeling Graphene is going to fall back into obscurity for another 5 years, like it did in 2012
Given that the majority of dry places needing desalination plants are usually very sunny and hot (yes, I know Antarctica is a desert, hence "majority" and "usually", though ice rarely has salt in it), then surely using solar panels (made from graphene if it is so much better) would decrease the need for "dirty" energy? Or mirrors aimed at the top of a tower to create steam and then generate electricity could be used if graphene panels aren't yet cost effective. The steam, when condensed could be distilled to clean out larger molecules of salt or other nasties. I guess I'm saying that some imagination could be applied to current technology leaving graphene to play a role in areas where it is the only feasible material. Still a fascinating idea though.
perfect and then the filtered salt then could be sold for various activities such as solid state batteries. so exciting
Ocean water for drinking water? How long before the ocean is dry?
Would love to see that research.
Just stop beating the water at CSGO. It'll stop being salty after it, but it might think it's a little fresh.
Wonder if you could make this gravity assisted and therefor free? Large weights on top, or better yet a counterweight that pushes it up through the filter, that way it can be more easily managed like an elevator.
If we figure out a way to efficiently make graphene, who knows how fast technology will grow.
If this really works, one should sell the system to whoever wants it. One example would be folks in Los Angeles. If you get them to purchase systems like this the manufacturing cost will go down and those folks in the poor areas without water could afford it.
How would this affect water levels though?
Or we could boil the water until it turns into steam while the condensation builds up and creates unsalted water. Distillation basically
Why does water move from areas of high saltiness to low ones?
To balance the concentration across the membrane. Osmosis.
$1000 for 1 acre of water, enough for 10 people? That's more than I pay for year for my local, non desalinated and from the local public water place.
Mahatma Ghandi was using a simple, tme consuming and effective method for making saltwater fresh drinking water for the surrounding villages. Why, I wonder was this a closeted blessing for so long.
Wouldn't it be possible that once filling up areas resivars then just recycling it after that would bring the cost of water in such areas drasiricallt down?
Acre-foot? How about sticking with cubic metres...I know, I know...kilolitre is mentioned, but that's not strictly a correct way to use SI.
True but acre-foot gives us a better idea because rainfall is measured in terms of height. An acre-foot is a foot of rainfall in a field of one acre. If you mentioned kilolitres it wouldn't be so intuitive.
a carbon carbon plate with a graphene layer would be a a great defense from micro mediorits for space fairing vessels in the future and a good armor for tanks and infantry alike
So basically, graphene will solve everything
My whole issue is: if its so expensive, then who is profiting monetarily from the desalination of water? Why cant they just forgo the cost for the betterment of mankind? With all these charities out here, clean drinking water seems like a no brainer. After all you will live longer without eating than without drinking water.
My university came up with this. Shout out to uni of Manchester ❤❤
TheOG MJP66 tell them to hurry please :)
That's really cool.
why dont they just build the desalination plants under sea level so that it uses the oceans potential energ/weight of the water to reduce some of the pressure costs? unless this is how its already done.
You have to pump the water back up. Or live below sea level.
If we can desalinate, large quantities of sea water this would open up an avenue of making formally thought uninhabitable wastelands fertile for growing food.
How do you avoid making carbonic acid in that process?
Can it also be used to filter out the background noise on these presentations
I want to understand it properly,, do u have any website..?
This would be great for California!
This Channel has done 3 videos on this and all say this is a Game Changer but nothing ever happened with it
Science - Saving mankind since the time immemorial.
this is logics incredible true story coming to life
maybe you could also develop a variant that are to be attached to any high altitude aircraft to filter out some of the CO2 we been pumping into the atmosphere. I don't think we can wait thousands of years for it to dissipate naturally.
I’m hoping this can one day help California. That state needs water badly
why not use solar (sun) pot , and mirror. it can clean salt water. you capture boiling water and salt is left behind.
then go large scale.
There sure are some exciting new things to look forward to. :)
most of human population lives on coast lines and if they can rely on ocean water it would definitely help our water scarcity problem
How and why does the graphene 'swell' when submersed?
Don't worry about it. The military industrial applications will make it unobtainium before long. No drinking filters for you!
As mentioned in the video, desalination is energy-intensive. Cost aside, that is actually the more important issue than outright financial cost. The lower-end of the energy reduction range is 15% according to the video - arguably insufficient to make this a widespread technology. 46% at the upper-bound, on the other hand, is something worth considering.
Then the question remains - what to do with the extracted salty brine? If both the brine and the desalinated water are ultimately recombined after consumer use back in the ocean, then we may be in business with a minimally environmental depleting process.
Future: Tesla solar roof tiles with Graphene
Water purifiers with graphene. Transistors using graphene instead of silicon. That means, more powerful CPU, yeah!
Desalinization is great but there is still a problem of what to do with the concentrated brine that is left behind which is toxic to living things (the Dead Sea for example). Looks like there will be brine left over after this process too.
Find a dumping area.
Put it back in the sea. It's way bigger than you imagine.
and kill sea life?
Enter the Super Pickle.
Zzznorch
It's nowhere near as toxic as you're making it out to be; fish live in it, after all.
Besides, the water is all recycled, in the end. Once it's consumed, it's evaporated and makes its way back to the ocean, so a significant amount can be dumped right back in.
4 years later. Any viable large scale projects with graphene yet?
I hope it becomes affordable soon
How Environmental Friendly is Graphene. The Question???
What do they do with all the salt
Sigh. Click bait title got me again. No world water crisis. The world is covered in water and we've just discovered even more enormous fresh water underground.
Something doesn't sound right to me here. If you're making a filter from a molecular thin material that has pores just large enough for H2O but too small to allow other things through, then you should be talking about a gap the is being held in position by molecular bonds. To my knowledge, molecules do not swell. Just how is a water molecule supposed to insert itself into the molecular bonds of graphene to cause the opening to increase? Maybe I'm misunderstanding the mechanics of this.
One other thing. Although reverse osmosis is more energy efficient that distilling, the cost is offset by higher maintenance. Just how is adding a far more expensive filter supposed to reduce cost?
I remember when it was 3-D printing that was going to change the world.
could this filter carbon out of CO2?
It's cheaper to just move to where there's too much water to ever possibly run out.