Awesome work! You explained this so well, right to the point and easy to understand. Please create a whole play list on creating your own breed of tomato.
I've been gardening for years and never thought about making my own varieties! Looking forward to trying this with tomatoes and peppers this year! Awesome video & great information
Wonderful. I subbed you back. So refreshing when folks come here with a channel of their own and do not say, "Come check out my channel!" I already look to see if it interests me. I'd love to see you share that tomato stuff some day. Breeding interests me a bunch. All the best.
Brent, Dana here I just got a chance to check in to see this vid and all I can say is that it rocks. From the comments I've seen I think everyone who has seen it was stoked about it. Really fun stuff and something I will try.
Thanks! Yes, love breeding vegetables. I've got 4 tomato varieties, 2 peppers, 1 squash, and 1 eggplant so far with many more I'm working on. I do enjoy it.
Wow, when you said emasculate, I had flashbacks of my first marriage :) Thanks for doing this one. I'm definitely going to have to give this a try one of these days. Now I'll have one more iron in the fire.
my pumpkins are all mixed up i got pumpkins half black and half white even they cross soo easy all on there own indiscriminately peppers pretty easy just smooch em and they cross but tomatoes are bit more difficult this was pretty helpful advice of this but i would suggest using a miniture teaspoon like for measuring and using pollen from several flowers then drenching the flower with that pollen to ensure it definetly made a baby hybrid then hehe blessed your garden channel a preety good thing haha blessed blahaha weeee!
I am 30 and i'm new in growing plants but my parents done that many many years now but they really didn't know how you great new plants like even my smart dad who done this his entire life and i knew that one flower dust needs to get on other and i just took one flower head from one tomato plant and rubed on other and i tried with many different ones but did not work so i search in youtube and got some information but it was what i already knew and tried. Like one flower need to get touch by other but no one didn't say it's need to bee younger sooo thank you so much like actually showing that 🖤🖤 i apologize for my awful English but i want do thank you so much🖤🖤
Awesome!! I had no idea how to make a tomato cross...thank you so much! I'm a new subscriber and I can already tell my days will be spent watching your past videos! :) Also, I found out about your youtube channel from watching Lisa's World so Thank you Lisa for sharing the information about Brents channel. :)
Glad to have you here. If you go back, you'll find how ignorant and, often silly I was, so be prepared! Well, I still am. Remember, you signed on for it! lol
Thanks for great the video. Does it make a difference which plant is the mother/base plant or would you get the same hybrid if you had used the RY as the mother plant and the Virginia as the pollinator ?
Such a detailed and well explained process. Thank you so much for the lesson. I'm excited to try this next year! Emasculating something sounds like so much fun! Just some botany humor. 😉
It is very rewarding! Creating your own tomato is basically living, edible art that you created. It's satisfying to see every time you're around your new tomatoes. Have fun.
Thank you, I'm going to have to do some thinking of what tomatoes I want to cross, how fun. I love trying new things. This year I harvested my own hulless oats and flax. I also planted kiwi vines. Pawpaw trees are coming this fall. These are the new things we have added to the farm. I like how you compare gardening to art, it is most definitely that way for me as well!
Only if you want to make absolutely sure. Without petals, it's not really attractive to them. In my case here, I'm also in the greenhouse where there aren't pollinators. So, yes, in the field I'd likely cover.
Very informative thank you for the video!, I have a question I attempted to collect pollen from several tomato flowers and could not get any pollen to come out I tried the tooth brush method on tomato flowers in every stage I could not get any pollen any feed back would be a appreciated thank.
Limitation to pollen collection in tomato comes from pollinators taking the pollen before you, wind shaking the pollen out, or extreme heat, cold, or humidity. If a bee buzzes the flower, they will take the pollen. They're up early so bagging to prevent it is key. If your plants are in high wind, that will jiggle the pollen to drop. Using protective culture to limit wind prevents this. If temps are above or below 65-85F during the day for a number of days, it'll dry the pollen killing it. If temps at night are above 70F for a number of days, it'll do the same. If it's too humid, the pollen will be too sticky to drop. The window seems narrow, but it's not hard.
Thank you. This is my first year just trying to grow tomatoes here in Northwest Arkansas. I’m growing in raised beds this year. The plants are tall and doing well. I I fertilize with miracle grow for the first month every seven days. Do I keep fertilizing while the tomatoes are growing?
Feed MG as the package suggests if you want to ensure a good crop. Plants need macro and micro nutrients in sufficient quantities to grow. They will get that (mostly) from MG. If you don't use MG, then they can get it from the soil they're planted in if the soil has enough. And, that's the issue with gardening. Every gardening channel speaks a similar tune: Feed the soil to feed the plants. It would require adding lots of amendments in the form of organic material (composted materials). To ensure that, you'll need a soil test to check how fertile the soil is annually. It will need fungus, bacteria, worms, and more to break down the organic material for the plants to use. Feeding the soil is almost an artform. It's not easy to get the right levels. It's the hardest thing to do in gardening. If you can manage it, it's better than MG. Most fall far short and so their plants look pitiful. Again, check out the gardening channels. All said, if you're plants are NOT luscious, green, and productive, add more MG. If you want to go organic, learn as much as you can about feeding the soil.
Wow this is so cool! I love this and I’m new to hydroponic growing and now going to start really thinking about this cross pollination. My mind is blowing up with different ideas of tomato’s especially cherry’s and maybe even peppers too! You have another subscriber and thank you for this I can’t wait to start
OMG, I have now seen the most amazing video ever on youtube. I've read up on this so many times but never heard of this method. May I please share your video? Awesome work Brent.
I do enjoy communicating with others on things. I find the bigger channels a bit too stiff quite often. I think they've got a whole lot of folks to reply to every day. I find that Rob Bob retains a respectful amount of humility for such a large channel and I enjoy watching him. Most of my attention goes to mid-range and smaller gardening folks. I'm getting an increasing amount of emails and private messages asking for help and that is something I really enjoy.
There's a difference in making a video to share knowledge and making a video to pay bills. lol You always share your knowledge just to be sharing. That's refreshing. Thank you for all the time you take to teach and share with us. Much love, Lisa
So do you collect the pollen from the Same flower for pollinating on the consecutive days or do you get pollen from other flowers on the same donor plant?
I can't wait to give this a go next year. I know it can be very hit and miss but after a terrible year from late tomato blight coming very early I'm going to try crossing an f1 with high blight resistance with Gardeners' Delight which tastes so good. Incidentally, many people I know lost their entire crop this year due to the blight but although I lost more than half I managed to keep quite a few. In the past, once I got blight I lost them all within days. This is what I did - First I destroyed lots of damaged plants but then went round every day cutting off all leaves or fruits showing signs of it and destroying them well away from everything. There will still be some parts of the stems that have turned brown but you can live with that. The other thing I did about every third day was to mix in 2 litres of water three teaspoons of bicarbanate of soda, one teaspoon of vegetable oil and a dash of washing-up liquid. I sprayed the entire plants with the mixture. I believe the idea is that it makes the plant more alkaline than the blight fungus likes and so it deters further infection rather than cures it. How much of my partial success was actually down to this I don't know but I just had grilled Gardeners' Delight and bacon for my breakfast.
Yes, it would create even more diversity for selecting a new tomato. Make sure the F1 hybrid isn't protected. It will say it on the seed package if it has a PVP or Patent.
Yes for the most part. Most fruit trees are grafted clones so the seeds will not be true. I wouldn't recommend it because you don't know the other genetics in the seed that pollinated the fruit.
I tried this yesterday. Tried to cross a Centiflor with a Burpee Cherry Baby. NOT as easy as you make it look. I have the same type tweezer but had trouble opening the pedals covering the female part.
Absolutely! These are slicer tomatoes. Cherry tomatoes are a bear because they're tiny flowers. Also, in a cherry, the anthers that cover the female part you have to gently pick at the base 'cause they don't want to separate from each other easily. Doable though. I've done it many times. Choose the larger flowered parent to emasculate and get pollen from the other one.
Brent, you have inspired me to cross about eight plants next year. My question is the tomato that grows after you pollinate. I know it carries the f1 seeds but is it a cross itself. Can I try it and if I like it continue the process or do I have to plant those seeds to get the true first cross.
Think of it like us having a baby. The baby is made up on mom and dad, but mom is till mom. You cannot know what a cross will look like until the seeds are grown, or in the case of the analogy, baby is born/grows up.
Thanks for the video you made it very easy to understand. Not sure if this was already asked, but when you are removing the male parts of the flower when it's almost ready to open, isn't there a risk that you will self-polinate the flower? I guess how can you know that your cross worked and it didn't get self polinated?
Pollen doesn't release till flower is open. I've vibrated buds before they open many times and nothing falls. The stigma is receptive a day or so before, but not the pollen in my experience. But, if you want to make extra-sure, emasculate two days prior.
Hi, I've just started this with some chilli plants as its indoor and not subject to wind and bees. Is there any use in cross breeding tomatoes and chillies? Thanks
I think so. It's how breeders create new varieties of vegetables. It's rewarding for me to create my own pepper or tomato. It's also a form of art or expression in that you're creating something new from other materials so it appeals to my artistic side as well. I have created over 10 new varieties of vegetables that doesn't exist anywhere else except at my house...for example. They meet the characteristics and taste I like. Now, if you're asking if it's possible to cross a tomato with a pepper, the answer is no. They are two different species.
@@C3Voyage Than you, saved me a lot of time trying! Just been looking up on F1, F2 etc and how the daughter fruit changes . Seems really interesting, thanks for all the good videos you make
I think I accidentally crossed Cherokee purple with Sunsugar cherries last year. I planted seeds from my Cherokee purple that was planted next to Sunsugars, my first tomatoes ripened this week an these tomatoes are so tiny compared to normal Cherokee purple! They look and taste like the Purples, maybe a hint sweeter, but they are cherry tomato sized. It's also growing crazy fast like my Sunsugars usually do. I'm used to the purples growing a bit slower. I'm very excited about it!
Sounds about right. A large tomato crossed with a cherry will produce a large cherry that is much closer to the cherry size, but bigger. If you save seed from it, next year and planted 100 plants, many will be orange like Sunsugar, but most will have gotten much larger in size. You'll have lots of color to choose from and size. If you like your current tomato, you'll have to cross CP with SS to get it. If you have saved seed from this one you grew, you can continue to use it in the meantime.
@C3Voyage That's awesome! I have heard about hybrid seeds being 'unstable' trait wise. I'm very interested in growing my own variety so while I do have some of the original hybrid seeds, and I do love this little cross, I think I am going to grow as many of the new seeds as I can next year and pick my favorites!
Brent, have you ever used cytokines on your plants? I got a "blossom and fruit spray", but of course that wouldn't work in the intended way. What that hormone does, is it actually can enlarge cells, slow down the aging of cells, and it can break seed dormancy. Have you ever used these hormones before? I know some people don't like to use hormones.
A hybrid first generation is stable only for the first generation (F1) so you can cross both parents and save seed to grow year to year for consistency. Or, you can can grow seed for 8 generations (F8) and then you have a stable tomato you no longer have to cross. At F8, the tomato will produce true to type seed.
You can certainly try. The pollen is within the anther cone so it may not fall. If you buzz the pollen onto a dark surface, you can not only see that the pollen makes contact with the stigma, but you can pollinate lots of different flowers with the same pollen.
Tomatoes ovaries self-pollinate by vibration of the flower whether by wind, pollinator (bee), or by hand. But, this video is about crossing two different plants to create a new hybrid.
I'm not sure what you're after with the term hybridize. Most parthenocarpic cucumbers are hybrids. Usually, a hybrid is a cross of two open pollinated varieties. If you're asking how to save seed from a parthenocarpic plant, you need a male flower's pollen. Selfing ensures you get the same amount of parthenocarpy and all females, but alas, how do you do that? Well, you can change the expression of the plant with hormones. Research GA3 and cucumber. If applied to one of your plants by spraying the leaves, the plant will start forming male flowers instead of females after a couple weeks. Then you can use the male. I've actually used the same exact plant by cutting and rooting it after a couple months grow. Then, I take the cuttings and grow several plants changing 2 to express male flowers. You'll have to do the research on it. It's been a while since I've done it so the process escapes my immediate thoughts. Do your homework. It's out there. Good luck.
@@persiandev4141 Cucumbers have little suckers at every node. I took a full sized cucumber plant and cut it into sections leaving that tiny sucker at the top and 2 to 3 inches of stem below it. i put them in aerated water and they all rooted. They're easier than squash. Aerated water. Can put a little bit of nutrient in the water once they start rooting.
Cross two parents, Brandywine and Cherokee Purple for example. The hybrid is F1. Self (self-pollinate) for 7 more generations and you then have a stabilized new variety.
is it possible to inadvertantley cross tomatoes by having different varieties of tomatoes next to each other and either through nature (bees, wind) or by manipulation (vibrating plants or touchinf flower to flower? i use same seeeds every year but notice slight differences in plant to plant
It's rare unless the stigma is exserted (sometimes exerted spelling) meaning the tip of the female part that's sticky sticks out. In such case, bees can cross them. An exserted stigma can be a trait common to a cultivar (promiscuous tomato), but it also happens when it's hot. Most of the time, crossing doesn't occur because the stigma is hidden under the anther cone and can't be reached. You can Google pics with these terms to see what it looks like. When I want to make sure to get true seed, I bag just before the flower opens for a couple days and jiggle the flower while bagged.
ok can i made a new question? if we have a very tasty 400-500gr tomatoes but not vert productive variety and we have a variety very productive cherry. what male we should use toi get specific results? can we keep seeds for next year pleaseE?
I have tons of crosses I've grown out, and even stabilized into new varieties, but not this one. It was never a priority grow, but more of an example for the camera. I found the parent "Virginia Sweet Meat" created wispy foliage in many cases and that's not a preference of mine.
Not necessarily. In some cultivars, the stigma is receptive sooner (sticky), but in others it can dry up and fall off. If you start sooner, to me, it would mean more days of fertilizing to make sure. There may be environmental issues as well as cultivar differences. Go with what works for you as long as you don't let the flower open fully. In actuality, if the flower is even half open, I don't do it. It would suck to think you made a cross only to find out 4 to 6 months later, it may not have.
I'd like to add to that Ms. Barbara. I am going to say you sure may be disappointed! This pedestal Ms. Lisa put me on is kind of high and I'm afraid of heights. :O) I'm glad you're part of the family.
HI...just saw this for the first time...can u please tell me where the follow up video is for this so I can see what happened with the cross bred tomatoes? Thank u!!
Hey Kimberly, this video was to demonstrate how. It works most times if you do it right. My channel is loaded with "proof" as most tomatoes you see in any of my videos are results of such crosses. I didn't create a specific video to show what a Virginia Sweet Meat x Rebel Yell looks like. I had so many going and this cross didn't make the "continue on" list.
@@merenish Yes, seed from any tomato you save will grow to a full plant and produce tomatoes. The tomato from a simple cross like this one is the exact same thing as the "hybrids" you buy at stores. It's called an F1 or first generation. The simple cross seed that comes from this video is a "hybrid" just the same. The seed of F1s are very consistent looking the same and growing the same. When they say don't save hybrid seed, it means you're saving the seed of an F1 and those seed are actually F2 or second generation. It's the second generation where you get all kinds of segregated diversity. In other words, they wont be consistent. That's the best generation for people like me who want to take advantage of new looks and tastes. If you save seed from the same line till to F8 and they become a consistent, open pollinated version. The seed from the cross in this video will be a combination of both parents where dominating characteristics will present. Most times, it looks like a cross of the two. Its very fun!
This is really great info, but I just don't remember when plants needed our help, especially outdoors. In all the years I used to garden which is over ten, my husband and I did no such thing and had plentiful crops. Things have just gotten too complicated. Nature is nature. So let it be. Thanks for sharing.
Almost all vegetables, fruits, and grain crops mankind consumes has been from this type of selective breeding. It's made the type of crops we consume so much better than say 1000 years ago. This video is about developing something new for those wanting to know how to do or know how I did it. Of course, that doesn't minimize your thoughts in the least.
How to make copy of a hybrid variety seed? What happens when I reuse hybrid, will I get 50% of the original hybrid as mendal told genotypic ratio 1:2:1.
@@SandeepKumar-ns4xk No. In the 2d generation selections are made. You can count on Mendel's laws IF you know what dominant genes to select for which means you need to know what the parents are. Even then, there are way too many gene re-combinations to account for and reverse.
Absolutely amazing video Brent ! Thanks a lot. It just raises 2 questions for me, if you can: You said you pollinate 3 days in a row. Do you use the same pollen you collected the first time, or new fresh pollen you collect each time ? And about the very first fruit that grows, what does it look like ? The same as would have grown on that plant ? So that would be the female "cultivar" ? And it's only when you use the seeds of that fruit that you do get the "cross" ? Or that very first fruit already looks different ? Thanks !
You use the pollen from the variety you want to cross it with. In this case, I go to the same exact plant all 3 days. If I had 5 other Rebel Yell plants, I could go to any of those because a Rebel Yell is a Rebel Yell. I hope that's clearer.
The fruit that grows from the cross will look exactly like the mother plant. Pollen never changes anything in the fruit. It changes the next generation (or seed).
Thanks for the answers Brent. Sure it's from the same plant for the pollen, that was obvious. The question is do you collect pollen 3 times (so that would probably be from 3 different flowers on that plant I guess, or the same flower can give pollen again the next day ?) or do you reuse the collected pollen from day 1 ? Said differently: Do you have to use the toothbrush 3 times or just 1 ? EDIT: Ok, according to your answer, I understand that it's FRESH pollen every day, so use of the toothbrush = 3 times.
Ok, the (first) tomato doesn't change, that answers the question. As for thinking of a man and a woman, I find this a little confusing: I would rather consider the tomato plant (or the flower) as the mother and the new tomato as the baby, so the analogy doesn't work very well. I guess you have to consider the first tomato as still the mother !? But pollen was involved, so I would think there is a baby somewhere at this stage ;) Indeed confusing. But I got how it works !!!
Thank you for doing this video. I know this was two years ago, but it does'nt matter it is new to me. I have small garden in my terrace 2nd floor, which is i know it is impossible to find bees to pollinate. So i search here in you tube how to pollinate tomato. So, when i watched this.. i am so glad. Thanks God. Thank you so much it is very informative and and easy to do. I have idea now how to self pollinate. I rate your video plus 2... 🙂 God bless you. ❤❤❤ Ps. How i recognize the male flower? 🙂
Do you happen to know if the seeds from a given tomato will all produce the exact same plant? Or will they all be slightly different? I suppose it might depend on if the parents were heirlooms or hybrids
Yep, depends on if it's a finished variety. OP or open pollinated is finished past the 8th generation or F8. Hybrids are F1 and saving the seed will create the most mix of both parents in F2--not the same plants.
@@C3Voyage So how do you stabilize that F1, keep crossing it with the two varieties you used to make that cross year after year? Say F7 will be stable?
@@C3Voyage Sorry I'm probably just confused. So you wouldn't need to keep crossing that variety? You merely let that F1 self pollinate, pick best fruit and plant those seeds, and keep doing that? I would think it would prefer one parent over the other and be mixed? (I guess why you'd keep saving seeds from best fruit).
@@NicksVegetableGarden You used the word, "STABILIZE" which means getting to open pollinated AKA saved seed from one plant every year produces that same variety every time it's grown...one plant. That requires selection or picking what you like until F8. Each generation adds 50% towards getting to OP. At F8, the OP then becomes CONSISTENT. A hybrid is not stabilized, but it is CONSISTENT. The genetics in each F1 plant has tons of genetic diversity from both parents, but only the dominate traits express. A hybrid requires two parents (OPs) bred every time to get a hybrid. F1 Hybrids and F8 OPs are both equally consistent when grown out (phenotype). OP you can save seed to continue, hybrids you can't. FYI, an F8 OP is considered highly inbred meaning it doesn't contain diversity any longer. This is basic concept. There are subtleties in that explanation that can be explained a bit more, but not for our convo here. Hope this doesn't muddy things for you further.
I have a question. A buddy of mine swears his better boys and beef steaks naturally cross pollinated last year, and he now has plants from the seeds of those "cross" tomatos. If that really happened, will he get the same type of tomato?
Ok, how to answer this one. Hummm. Tomato flowers have both male and female parts in one flower called a "perfect" flower. Tomatoes seldom cross naturally, but it can happen. This is because most of the time, the female part is surrounded by the male parts covering it. But, at times, the female part (stigma) sticks out a little which can allow rare instances of crossing. If the better boy and a beefsteak cross, the resulting seed, when saved and planted later on will be a blend of better boy/beefsteak and will have qualities of both. Now, the better boy is a hybrid so if he only grew better boy and saved the seed from one better boy tomato, they will not look totally like a better boy. The reason is because it is a hybrid already. I'm thinking that's what happened based on what you're telling me. The plants didn't cross, but because better boy is a hybrid, the plants will be somewhat different from better boy. Some will be closer to it and others wont. If he saves seed from an "OP" known as "Open Pollinated", then the seeds will look like the parent because they've been inbred for generations. Brandywine and Cherokee Purple are common examples of OP varieties. All said, your friend could actually cross the two using this video as an example.
I must heartedly disagree. It's what I do. Cultivar means "cultivated variety." It's super easy to Google. In scientific speak, cultivar is most often used. Here's a quick summarization of some definitions. All easy to Google. • The term ‘variety’ is used for botanical taxonomy, while the term’ cultivar’ is used for the products of plant breeding. • A cultivar is intentionally bred using cultivation methods by plant breeders, whereas a variety is grown naturally without any human influence. • The nomenclature of cultivar is deferent from that of variety. For example, cultivar is named with each word capitalized and placed in single quotation marks. In contrast, variety is named by the abbreviation “var.” followed by the variety in italics. • Unlike the varieties, cultivars could be mutations on plants or could be hybrids of two plants. • Cultivars usually have characteristic features, which differ from the mother plant, whereas varieties usually have the same features of the mother plant. But, if you tell me what you do and it's significant in experience, then I'll rethink and possibly even re-use different terms. No hard feelings any which way.
@@C3Voyage A cultivar is a plant that has been grown from a stem cutting, grafting, or tissue cultures to ensure it retains the characteristics of the plant parent. A variety is a type of plant grown from seed that has the same characteristics as the plant parent.
@@gilshelley9183 No, you cherry-picked a definition to present a faulty argument. Here it is in full and anyone can Google it as it's mentioned tons of times essentially the same: What Is a Cultivar in Horticulture? A plant cultivar refers to a variation within a plant species that has been developed by a human horticulturist through controlled plant breeding, as opposed to occurring naturally. The term “cultivar” is a portmanteau of "cultivated variety." When writing the complete scientific name of a plant cultivar, the cultivar name comes after the name of the genus and species. The cultivar name is unitalicized, set off in single quotation marks, and the first letter of each word is capitalized. Here’s an example of how to write a cultivar name: Rudbeckia hirta ‘Denver Daisy’. To create a new cultivar, growers crossbreed parent plants that each have desirable characteristics in the hopes that their offspring will inherit those traits. Once a grower ends up with a new cultivar with the desired traits, the grower must then ensure future generations of that cultivar maintain those distinguishing characteristics. To accomplish this, the grower has to use either controlled pollination or various methods of asexual propagation (plant cloning), such as grafting, tissue culture, and cutting. If the grower tries to propagate the cultivar by seed, the offspring plant will most likely not be identical to the parent plant. Variety vs. Cultivar: 3 Key Differences Varieties and cultivars both refer to a variation of a plant within a species, but there are a few key differences: 1. Development: Varieties develop naturally, while cultivars are developed through human intervention. 2. Characteristics: Seeds planted from a variety tend to grow true to type (i.e., the offspring retains the parent plant's unique characteristics), while seeds planted from a cultivar will most likely not be true to type. 3. Categorization: A variety name is written in lowercase and italicized font, while a cultivar name is written unitalicized inside single quotes with the first letter of each word capitalized. What Is a Plant Variety? The term "plant variety" has a different meaning than variety on its own. A plant variety is a legal term coined by the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) that recognizes certain cultivars as official plant varieties in order to grant the creator of the cultivar legal protection. This practice is commonly referred to as plant breeders' rights. The term “plant variety” describes a legally protected cultivar and should not be confused with the taxonomic rank term of variety.
@@gilshelley9183 Boy, you sure do go down swinging and throwing out junk. You're what I call a "right-fighter" or someone that must be right no matter what and incapable of learning, growing and humbling oneself when spouting untruths. To reflect back to your original statement at the top and clarify: In fact, the word CULTIVAR IS THE MOST COMMON TERM USED. If you'd pointed me to something real, I would have agreed to what you stated and thanked you for letting me know, but you didn't. I'll even lay it out again. If somehow you come up with something new with quotes or a link to disprove the information below (not sure how), then I'll admit I haven't seen that before and I can see how you formulated your assertions. There is no clarification in the entire ICBN text I could find that you directed me to. 502 doesn't exist as far as my search shows. The ICBN has a bit of relevance, but the The International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP) is the guide to the rules and regulations for naming cultigens, plants whose origin or selection is primarily due to intentional human activity. It is also known as Cultivated Plant Code. This is more applicable. Here's the publication link: www.researchgate.net/publication/315443888_International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_Cultivated_Plants and there's a button to download a .pdf for the latest full text. Note, it is the LATEST version. Lots of clarification directly related to our convo. The publication is interesting, and Chapter 2 precisely, and undeniably says: ____ Page 6: 2.2. The English words “variety”, “form”, and “strain” or their equivalents in other languages must not be used for the word “cultivar” when fulfilling the Articles of this Code nor in translations of this Code. Note 2. The words “variety” in English, “variété” in French, “variedad” in Spanish, “variedade” in Portuguese, “varietà” in Italian, “ras” in Dutch, “Sorte” in German, “sort” in Scandinavian languages, “sort” (“сорт”) in Russian, “pinzhong” (“品种” in simplified form, and “品種” in traditional form)” in Chinese, “hinshu” (“品種”) in Japanese, and corresponding terms in other languages, have been used as common equivalents to the word “cultivar”. ------ Page 8: 2.14. Plants of a line (which results from repeated self-fertilization or inbreeding) may form a cultivar. Ex. 12. Beta vulgaris ‘SP6 926-0’, Helianthus annuus ‘HA306’, Lactuca sativa ‘Kagraner Sommer’, Phaseolus vulgaris ‘Contender’, Triticum aestivum ‘Marquis’, and Zea mays ‘Wisconsin 153’ are all lines. ----- Page 8: 2.16. Plants of the same F1 hybrid (the result of a deliberate repeatable single cross between two pure-bred lines) may form a cultivar. Ex. 14. Brassica oleracea ‘King Arthur’, Capsicum annuum ‘Delight’, and Sorghum bicolor ‘Texas 610’ are all F1 hybrids. I won't communicate with you again if you try and refute this. I'll leave up your comments, but I think I've made my point...clearly.
Been curious as I planted a cherry tomato from the store and the fruit looks completely different. They’re long and skinny, they look almost like Serrano peppers so I believe I have my own variety now:)
@@C3Voyage what if they are a seedless variety, I cut open one that was just short of ripe and no seeds to be seen. Would I have to register it as a F1 hybrid and just take cuttings?
@@chrishernandez9277 There is no registry of any tomatoes required. If you feel like you have a seedless type of tomato, and they're all seedless, then only cuttings can keep it going. I doubt that's the case based on my experience. I just released my seedless tomato lines if you haven't seen that and I have extensive experience on parthenocarpy. An occasional seedless fruit is fairly normal. The next thing for you to do is examine the plant. Are there fruits on every flower? Do any have seeds? You can talk to me here or email me. I'll help where I can.
Awesome work! You explained this so well, right to the point and easy to understand. Please create a whole play list on creating your own breed of tomato.
I've been gardening for years and never thought about making my own varieties! Looking forward to trying this with tomatoes and peppers this year! Awesome video & great information
Have at it! Best to you. :O)
Good farm practice's 👍
Much love from sierra Leone
Fascinated by this process. What a great educational video. Thanks for sharing your knowledge.
I had a request and thought, what the heck. I'm on here to share.
FINALLY, a video that makes sense! Excellent camera work and narration. Great job all around, thanks
Glad you liked it!
Very interesting and clear instructed video - thank you for your time - I’m going to give it a go !
Nice!
Amazing..... this is the very first time I've seen such a full and clear explanation. Thank you
Glad it was helpful!
Nicely demonstrated
@Hydroponic Gardening & More with Brent
New subscriber here, heard of you from Lisa's World...I can't wait to try this. I also cannot wait to see your cross grow!!
Wonderful. I subbed you back. So refreshing when folks come here with a channel of their own and do not say, "Come check out my channel!" I already look to see if it interests me. I'd love to see you share that tomato stuff some day. Breeding interests me a bunch. All the best.
Very helpful. Thank you for the clear tutorial !
You cleared my concepts of plant breeding. Effective video. Very good gentleman.
So nice of you.
Thank you so much for the very detailed video on crossing tomatoes!!! I really appreciate it!
You are so welcome!
GREAT camera work - and - you make it look so easy ! Might try this this summer.
Thanks. Best to you and make your own variety! :O)
Watching from Zambia great source of information
Thanks.
Very well explained - thanks!🙏
Glad you liked it.
Brent, Dana here I just got a chance to check in to see this vid and all I can say is that it rocks. From the comments I've seen I think everyone who has seen it was stoked about it. Really fun stuff and something I will try.
You're the reason I made it! I hope it is helpful.
Thanks for requesting it Dana. I have been waiting for a video like this forever!!!
Thank you so much for showing us how to do this. It's so cool that you can create your very own strain of tomato!
Thanks! Yes, love breeding vegetables. I've got 4 tomato varieties, 2 peppers, 1 squash, and 1 eggplant so far with many more I'm working on. I do enjoy it.
Wow, when you said emasculate, I had flashbacks of my first marriage :) Thanks for doing this one. I'm definitely going to have to give this a try one of these days. Now I'll have one more iron in the fire.
Careful, it can get addictive! This all started with me growing tons of heirlooms and now look at me!
Thank you! That was very helpful!!
So glad!
Excellent explanation thank you
thanks for sharing this video...what you do symbolizes Infinity and Abundance...keep vlogging...
Thank you too.
Thank you for sharing
My pleasure
wow. very interesting.i wanted always to try this but couldn't do that yet. i will definitely do that this year.thanks a lot.
Have fun!
my pumpkins are all mixed up i got pumpkins half black and half white even they cross soo easy all on there own indiscriminately peppers pretty easy just smooch em and they cross but tomatoes are bit more difficult this was pretty helpful advice of this but i would suggest using a miniture teaspoon like for measuring and using pollen from several flowers then drenching the flower with that pollen to ensure it definetly made a baby hybrid then hehe blessed your garden channel a preety good thing haha blessed blahaha weeee!
Great technique. Thanks for sharing!!
You bet!
Fascinating! Thanks for sharing how to do this.
You bet. :O)
I am 30 and i'm new in growing plants but my parents done that many many years now but they really didn't know how you great new plants like even my smart dad who done this his entire life and i knew that one flower dust needs to get on other and i just took one flower head from one tomato plant and rubed on other and i tried with many different ones but did not work so i search in youtube and got some information but it was what i already knew and tried. Like one flower need to get touch by other but no one didn't say it's need to bee younger sooo thank you so much like actually showing that 🖤🖤 i apologize for my awful English but i want do thank you so much🖤🖤
No problem. I'm glad you found it useful!
Lisa just made a video about this absolutely fascinating science project. I love it!
I know! I just watched it. Great gal. That's not sexist, that's southern! :O)
LOL, no need to clarify; I'm old school and I love gal :))
Hi Sasha. You will love Brent's channel.
I already subscribed. He is awesome :) Thank you for the recommendation Lisa :))
Awesome!! I had no idea how to make a tomato cross...thank you so much! I'm a new subscriber and I can already tell my days will be spent watching your past videos! :) Also, I found out about your youtube channel from watching Lisa's World so Thank you Lisa for sharing the information about Brents channel. :)
Glad to have you here. If you go back, you'll find how ignorant and, often silly I was, so be prepared! Well, I still am. Remember, you signed on for it! lol
lol Brent. You blow most gardeners away with your knowledge and you're very humble.
Today I did learn some good info from you. Thanks. Best wishes Bob.
I'm glad. Your welcome.
Great instructional video Brent.
Chuck
: O)
Thanks for great the video. Does it make a difference which plant is the mother/base plant or would you get the same hybrid if you had used the RY as the mother plant and the Virginia as the pollinator ?
Such a detailed and well explained process. Thank you so much for the lesson. I'm excited to try this next year! Emasculating something sounds like so much fun! Just some botany humor. 😉
It is very rewarding! Creating your own tomato is basically living, edible art that you created. It's satisfying to see every time you're around your new tomatoes. Have fun.
Thank you, I'm going to have to do some thinking of what tomatoes I want to cross, how fun. I love trying new things. This year I harvested my own hulless oats and flax. I also planted kiwi vines. Pawpaw trees are coming this fall. These are the new things we have added to the farm. I like how you compare gardening to art, it is most definitely that way for me as well!
Melissa, I'm with you. Came for the castration, stayed for the tomato sandwiches.
Great tutorial! Is it helpful to cover the emasculated flower, to prevent pollinators from pollinating it?
Only if you want to make absolutely sure. Without petals, it's not really attractive to them. In my case here, I'm also in the greenhouse where there aren't pollinators. So, yes, in the field I'd likely cover.
very educative, can't wait to try it and see it grow
Thank you! Hope it helps you make your own too!
That was very interesting. Thanks!
Sure Phil. : O)
Great informative video 👍
Thank you.
Very informative thank you for the video!, I have a question I attempted to collect pollen from several tomato flowers and could not get any pollen to come out I tried the tooth brush method on tomato flowers in every stage I could not get any pollen any feed back would be a appreciated thank.
Limitation to pollen collection in tomato comes from pollinators taking the pollen before you, wind shaking the pollen out, or extreme heat, cold, or humidity. If a bee buzzes the flower, they will take the pollen. They're up early so bagging to prevent it is key. If your plants are in high wind, that will jiggle the pollen to drop. Using protective culture to limit wind prevents this. If temps are above or below 65-85F during the day for a number of days, it'll dry the pollen killing it. If temps at night are above 70F for a number of days, it'll do the same. If it's too humid, the pollen will be too sticky to drop. The window seems narrow, but it's not hard.
@@C3Voyage ok understood very helpful! Thanks
Thank you. This is my first year just trying to grow tomatoes here in Northwest Arkansas. I’m growing in raised beds this year. The plants are tall and doing well. I I fertilize with miracle grow for the first month every seven days. Do I keep fertilizing while the tomatoes are growing?
Feed MG as the package suggests if you want to ensure a good crop. Plants need macro and micro nutrients in sufficient quantities to grow. They will get that (mostly) from MG. If you don't use MG, then they can get it from the soil they're planted in if the soil has enough. And, that's the issue with gardening. Every gardening channel speaks a similar tune: Feed the soil to feed the plants. It would require adding lots of amendments in the form of organic material (composted materials). To ensure that, you'll need a soil test to check how fertile the soil is annually. It will need fungus, bacteria, worms, and more to break down the organic material for the plants to use. Feeding the soil is almost an artform. It's not easy to get the right levels. It's the hardest thing to do in gardening. If you can manage it, it's better than MG. Most fall far short and so their plants look pitiful. Again, check out the gardening channels. All said, if you're plants are NOT luscious, green, and productive, add more MG. If you want to go organic, learn as much as you can about feeding the soil.
Wow this is so cool! I love this and I’m new to hydroponic growing and now going to start really thinking about this cross pollination. My mind is blowing up with different ideas of tomato’s especially cherry’s and maybe even peppers too! You have another subscriber and thank you for this I can’t wait to start
Awesome. You sound like you're ready to get after it for sure. It's a good feeling. Best to you.
Hydroponic Gardening & More with Brent
Thanks !!!!
Great detailed explanation!!! Can you use that same harvested pollen for days 2 and 3 or do you need to get more pollen each day?
Each day.
Thanks for your video,. May I ask the fruit from the first cross variety will be different from both parent plant？
Hi Barry. It will be a blend of both parents.
@@C3Voyage Thanks 😊
Very interesting!
OMG, I have now seen the most amazing video ever on youtube. I've read up on this so many times but never heard of this method. May I please share your video? Awesome work Brent.
Of course Ms. Lisa. All about sharing.
And, I'm very thankful for your comments. Made my day.
You're an amazing gardener Brent. More people should know about your channel. We need to change that.
I do enjoy communicating with others on things. I find the bigger channels a bit too stiff quite often. I think they've got a whole lot of folks to reply to every day. I find that Rob Bob retains a respectful amount of humility for such a large channel and I enjoy watching him. Most of my attention goes to mid-range and smaller gardening folks. I'm getting an increasing amount of emails and private messages asking for help and that is something I really enjoy.
There's a difference in making a video to share knowledge and making a video to pay bills. lol You always share your knowledge just to be sharing. That's refreshing. Thank you for all the time you take to teach and share with us. Much love, Lisa
Thanks for this instructional video. I can't wait to try it.
Awesome. I hope it helps. :O)
Lovely Guide My friend Thank You
My pleasure!
Thank you Sir, respect!
Welcome!
Very informative.
Thank you so much, you are an amazing teacher. I have learnt a lot from you.
Happy to hear that! :O)
What grow medium do you have in the buckets there ?
This was a while back, but most of the time I use aged rice hulls. Perfect hydro medium and does well in container mixes too.
Great video! I've got to try this!
edward pudwill Go for it Ed!
So do you collect the pollen from the Same flower for pollinating on the consecutive days or do you get pollen from other flowers on the same donor plant?
Pollen is only good for one day so same plant, different flower.
@@C3Voyage thank you
Really enjoyed the video!
I'm glad Mike. Good luck if you start breeding buddy.
I can't wait to give this a go next year. I know it can be very hit and miss but after a terrible year from late tomato blight coming very early I'm going to try crossing an f1 with high blight resistance with Gardeners' Delight which tastes so good.
Incidentally, many people I know lost their entire crop this year due to the blight but although I lost more than half I managed to keep quite a few. In the past, once I got blight I lost them all within days.
This is what I did - First I destroyed lots of damaged plants but then went round every day cutting off all leaves or fruits showing signs of it and destroying them well away from everything. There will still be some parts of the stems that have turned brown but you can live with that.
The other thing I did about every third day was to mix in 2 litres of water three teaspoons of bicarbanate of soda, one teaspoon of vegetable oil and a dash of washing-up liquid. I sprayed the entire plants with the mixture. I believe the idea is that it makes the plant more alkaline than the blight fungus likes and so it deters further infection rather than cures it. How much of my partial success was actually down to this I don't know but I just had grilled Gardeners' Delight and bacon for my breakfast.
Arrrrrgh...blight sucks.
Hi. Can I take the pollen from an F1 hybrid and use it on an heirloom or open pollinate tomato flower? Thanks.
Yes, it would create even more diversity for selecting a new tomato. Make sure the F1 hybrid isn't protected. It will say it on the seed package if it has a PVP or Patent.
Good job.frome Bangladesh
Thanks Sayed!
Hello!
Is it possible to make new fruit tree variety (hybrid) by using this method?
Yes for the most part. Most fruit trees are grafted clones so the seeds will not be true. I wouldn't recommend it because you don't know the other genetics in the seed that pollinated the fruit.
@@C3Voyage Thanks for the answer!
great jnfo, im gointo have a crack this season Cheers George
I tried this yesterday. Tried to cross a Centiflor with a Burpee Cherry Baby. NOT as easy as you make it look. I have the same type tweezer but had trouble opening the pedals covering the female part.
Absolutely! These are slicer tomatoes. Cherry tomatoes are a bear because they're tiny flowers. Also, in a cherry, the anthers that cover the female part you have to gently pick at the base 'cause they don't want to separate from each other easily. Doable though. I've done it many times. Choose the larger flowered parent to emasculate and get pollen from the other one.
@@C3Voyage Thanks so much for the additional tips. I will give it another try once this damp period ends this weekend.
would love to see an end result of the tomatoes in comparison to tomatoes from the 2 starting plants
I've seen it many times, but never recorded it. Will have to do that.
Great video.Like to see more .Greetings from Germany
Justin, I have all kinds of breeding work going on mostly with summer squash, butternut, and tomatoes. Is there something specific you'd like to see?
Dont worry. All your Videos will be interesting for me ;-)
Brent, you have inspired me to cross about eight plants next year. My question is the tomato that grows after you pollinate. I know it carries the f1 seeds but is it a cross itself. Can I try it and if I like it continue the process or do I have to plant those seeds to get the true first cross.
Think of it like us having a baby. The baby is made up on mom and dad, but mom is till mom. You cannot know what a cross will look like until the seeds are grown, or in the case of the analogy, baby is born/grows up.
@@C3Voyage ok I understand thx. but since we are both males I will have to adopt tomatoes at the grocery store. lol
@@cochise2423 Lol. Not us as in you and I, us as in human beings.
Thanks for the video you made it very easy to understand. Not sure if this was already asked, but when you are removing the male parts of the flower when it's almost ready to open, isn't there a risk that you will self-polinate the flower? I guess how can you know that your cross worked and it didn't get self polinated?
Pollen doesn't release till flower is open. I've vibrated buds before they open many times and nothing falls. The stigma is receptive a day or so before, but not the pollen in my experience. But, if you want to make extra-sure, emasculate two days prior.
Unrelated question: what is that mulch and why do you use that particular one for tomatoes?
Hi, I've just started this with some chilli plants as its indoor and not subject to wind and bees. Is there any use in cross breeding tomatoes and chillies? Thanks
I think so. It's how breeders create new varieties of vegetables. It's rewarding for me to create my own pepper or tomato. It's also a form of art or expression in that you're creating something new from other materials so it appeals to my artistic side as well. I have created over 10 new varieties of vegetables that doesn't exist anywhere else except at my house...for example. They meet the characteristics and taste I like. Now, if you're asking if it's possible to cross a tomato with a pepper, the answer is no. They are two different species.
@@C3Voyage Than you, saved me a lot of time trying! Just been looking up on F1, F2 etc and how the daughter fruit changes . Seems really interesting, thanks for all the good videos you make
Pls is there a difference if you collected the pollen from this other plant instead?
Yes. Pollen is 1/2 the tomato makeup.
Very nice video
Thanks
I think I accidentally crossed Cherokee purple with Sunsugar cherries last year. I planted seeds from my Cherokee purple that was planted next to Sunsugars, my first tomatoes ripened this week an these tomatoes are so tiny compared to normal Cherokee purple! They look and taste like the Purples, maybe a hint sweeter, but they are cherry tomato sized. It's also growing crazy fast like my Sunsugars usually do. I'm used to the purples growing a bit slower. I'm very excited about it!
Sounds about right. A large tomato crossed with a cherry will produce a large cherry that is much closer to the cherry size, but bigger. If you save seed from it, next year and planted 100 plants, many will be orange like Sunsugar, but most will have gotten much larger in size. You'll have lots of color to choose from and size. If you like your current tomato, you'll have to cross CP with SS to get it. If you have saved seed from this one you grew, you can continue to use it in the meantime.
@C3Voyage That's awesome! I have heard about hybrid seeds being 'unstable' trait wise. I'm very interested in growing my own variety so while I do have some of the original hybrid seeds, and I do love this little cross, I think I am going to grow as many of the new seeds as I can next year and pick my favorites!
Great video
Thanks!
Brent, have you ever used cytokines on your plants? I got a "blossom and fruit spray", but of course that wouldn't work in the intended way. What that hormone does, is it actually can enlarge cells, slow down the aging of cells, and it can break seed dormancy. Have you ever used these hormones before? I know some people don't like to use hormones.
I've used rooting hormone. I'm not opposed to the thought of it, but with the breeding I want to do, I think it could be counter to testing/trials.
Wow 😮 5:46
Rather than tweezers, I use a very small blade to carefully prep the blooms, works fast and efficient to remove the intended parts.
I have seen that before, sure. :O)
After we make a new variety, and get those seeds to store for next year, can we plant those seeds every year, or should they cross each time?
A hybrid first generation is stable only for the first generation (F1) so you can cross both parents and save seed to grow year to year for consistency. Or, you can can grow seed for 8 generations (F8) and then you have a stable tomato you no longer have to cross. At F8, the tomato will produce true to type seed.
.
Brent I see a lot of chatter of crossing peppers on utube channels so is the process similar?
Yes, very similar between tomato, pepper, and eggplant. The key difference is to identify the flower at the right stage.
Great! By the way, what do you use for your grow medium in the 5 gallon buckets (it looks like long grain rice)?
Aged rice hulls.
Hello, why not just take the unmodified flower and gently rub it on to the modified flower? Would that work as well?
You can certainly try. The pollen is within the anther cone so it may not fall. If you buzz the pollen onto a dark surface, you can not only see that the pollen makes contact with the stigma, but you can pollinate lots of different flowers with the same pollen.
@@C3Voyage Thank you for your explanation!
Sir,is it compulsory for every tomato plants?or tomatoes can grow without hand pollination.Please reply
Tomatoes ovaries self-pollinate by vibration of the flower whether by wind, pollinator (bee), or by hand. But, this video is about crossing two different plants to create a new hybrid.
Hello I have two cucumber plants that are parthenocarpic and have only female flowers. How can I hybridize these?
I'm not sure what you're after with the term hybridize. Most parthenocarpic cucumbers are hybrids. Usually, a hybrid is a cross of two open pollinated varieties. If you're asking how to save seed from a parthenocarpic plant, you need a male flower's pollen. Selfing ensures you get the same amount of parthenocarpy and all females, but alas, how do you do that? Well, you can change the expression of the plant with hormones. Research GA3 and cucumber. If applied to one of your plants by spraying the leaves, the plant will start forming male flowers instead of females after a couple weeks. Then you can use the male. I've actually used the same exact plant by cutting and rooting it after a couple months grow. Then, I take the cuttings and grow several plants changing 2 to express male flowers. You'll have to do the research on it. It's been a while since I've done it so the process escapes my immediate thoughts. Do your homework. It's out there. Good luck.
@@C3Voyage
Thanks.
How should I root cucumber cuttings?
In water or in a soil pot?
Because I have not done this yet
@@persiandev4141 Cucumbers have little suckers at every node. I took a full sized cucumber plant and cut it into sections leaving that tiny sucker at the top and 2 to 3 inches of stem below it. i put them in aerated water and they all rooted. They're easier than squash. Aerated water. Can put a little bit of nutrient in the water once they start rooting.
@@C3Voyage Thank You
With your help, my problem was solved.
I will announce the result later.
How many hybrids from the first parent plants does it take to create a standardized new breed of tomato?
Cross two parents, Brandywine and Cherokee Purple for example. The hybrid is F1. Self (self-pollinate) for 7 more generations and you then have a stabilized new variety.
is it possible to inadvertantley cross tomatoes by having different varieties of tomatoes next to each other and either through nature (bees, wind) or by manipulation (vibrating plants or touchinf flower to flower? i use same seeeds every year but notice slight differences in plant to plant
It's rare unless the stigma is exserted (sometimes exerted spelling) meaning the tip of the female part that's sticky sticks out. In such case, bees can cross them. An exserted stigma can be a trait common to a cultivar (promiscuous tomato), but it also happens when it's hot. Most of the time, crossing doesn't occur because the stigma is hidden under the anther cone and can't be reached. You can Google pics with these terms to see what it looks like. When I want to make sure to get true seed, I bag just before the flower opens for a couple days and jiggle the flower while bagged.
Thank you for the video！
Welcome!
Good video, Brent!
:O)
ok can i made a new question? if we have a very tasty 400-500gr tomatoes but not vert productive variety and we have a variety very productive cherry. what male we should use toi get specific results? can we keep seeds for next year pleaseE?
Cross and save seed from either cherry or larger tomato parent. Doesn't matter. The hybrid will be a large cherry size.
@@C3Voyage can we keep seeds?
@@nikosnianiopoulos Yes, of course.
i would love to see the followthrough of the seeds that was planted
I have tons of crosses I've grown out, and even stabilized into new varieties, but not this one. It was never a priority grow, but more of an example for the camera. I found the parent "Virginia Sweet Meat" created wispy foliage in many cases and that's not a preference of mine.
all my tomato crosses were done at the stage where you said the stamen isn't ready, maybe i'm just lucky? :D
Not necessarily. In some cultivars, the stigma is receptive sooner (sticky), but in others it can dry up and fall off. If you start sooner, to me, it would mean more days of fertilizing to make sure. There may be environmental issues as well as cultivar differences. Go with what works for you as long as you don't let the flower open fully. In actuality, if the flower is even half open, I don't do it. It would suck to think you made a cross only to find out 4 to 6 months later, it may not have.
Lisa from Lisa's world sent me.👍
Thanks for checking him out Barbara. He really knows his stuff. You wont be disappointed in his channel.
I'd like to add to that Ms. Barbara. I am going to say you sure may be disappointed! This pedestal Ms. Lisa put me on is kind of high and I'm afraid of heights. :O) I'm glad you're part of the family.
lol Brent. I just call 'em like I see 'em.
HI...just saw this for the first time...can u please tell me where the follow up video is for this so I can see what happened with the cross bred tomatoes? Thank u!!
Hey Kimberly, this video was to demonstrate how. It works most times if you do it right. My channel is loaded with "proof" as most tomatoes you see in any of my videos are results of such crosses. I didn't create a specific video to show what a Virginia Sweet Meat x Rebel Yell looks like. I had so many going and this cross didn't make the "continue on" list.
@@C3Voyage can we use the seeds of the crossed tomato.. and what is the result?
@@merenish Yes, seed from any tomato you save will grow to a full plant and produce tomatoes. The tomato from a simple cross like this one is the exact same thing as the "hybrids" you buy at stores. It's called an F1 or first generation. The simple cross seed that comes from this video is a "hybrid" just the same. The seed of F1s are very consistent looking the same and growing the same. When they say don't save hybrid seed, it means you're saving the seed of an F1 and those seed are actually F2 or second generation. It's the second generation where you get all kinds of segregated diversity. In other words, they wont be consistent. That's the best generation for people like me who want to take advantage of new looks and tastes. If you save seed from the same line till to F8 and they become a consistent, open pollinated version. The seed from the cross in this video will be a combination of both parents where dominating characteristics will present. Most times, it looks like a cross of the two. Its very fun!
This is really great info, but I just don't remember when plants needed our help, especially outdoors. In all the years I used to garden which is over ten, my husband and I did no such thing and had plentiful crops. Things have just gotten too complicated. Nature is nature. So let it be. Thanks for sharing.
Almost all vegetables, fruits, and grain crops mankind consumes has been from this type of selective breeding. It's made the type of crops we consume so much better than say 1000 years ago. This video is about developing something new for those wanting to know how to do or know how I did it. Of course, that doesn't minimize your thoughts in the least.
How to make copy of a hybrid variety seed?
What happens when I reuse hybrid, will I get 50% of the original hybrid as mendal told genotypic ratio 1:2:1.
Can we apply reverse engineering like thing to get the two varieties by which the hybrid is made?
@@SandeepKumar-ns4xk No. In the 2d generation selections are made. You can count on Mendel's laws IF you know what dominant genes to select for which means you need to know what the parents are. Even then, there are way too many gene re-combinations to account for and reverse.
Absolutely amazing video Brent ! Thanks a lot. It just raises 2 questions for me, if you can:
You said you pollinate 3 days in a row. Do you use the same pollen you collected the first time, or new fresh pollen you collect each time ?
And about the very first fruit that grows, what does it look like ? The same as would have grown on that plant ? So that would be the female "cultivar" ? And it's only when you use the seeds of that fruit that you do get the "cross" ? Or that very first fruit already looks different ? Thanks !
You use the pollen from the variety you want to cross it with. In this case, I go to the same exact plant all 3 days. If I had 5 other Rebel Yell plants, I could go to any of those because a Rebel Yell is a Rebel Yell. I hope that's clearer.
The fruit that grows from the cross will look exactly like the mother plant. Pollen never changes anything in the fruit. It changes the next generation (or seed).
Think of it like a woman and a man. When a man and a woman make a baby, the mother's looks don't change. The baby is the change.
Thanks for the answers Brent. Sure it's from the same plant for the pollen, that was obvious. The question is do you collect pollen 3 times (so that would probably be from 3 different flowers on that plant I guess, or the same flower can give pollen again the next day ?) or do you reuse the collected pollen from day 1 ? Said differently: Do you have to use the toothbrush 3 times or just 1 ?
EDIT: Ok, according to your answer, I understand that it's FRESH pollen every day, so use of the toothbrush = 3 times.
Ok, the (first) tomato doesn't change, that answers the question. As for thinking of a man and a woman, I find this a little confusing: I would rather consider the tomato plant (or the flower) as the mother and the new tomato as the baby, so the analogy doesn't work very well.
I guess you have to consider the first tomato as still the mother !? But pollen was involved, so I would think there is a baby somewhere at this stage ;) Indeed confusing. But I got how it works !!!
Thanks 😊
No problem 😊
Thank you.
Thank you x100 ! wow...............
AWESOME VIDEO THANKS FOR THE LESSON 100 THUMBS UP !!!
My pleasure!
Thank you for doing this video. I know this was two years ago, but it does'nt matter it is new to me. I have small garden in my terrace 2nd floor, which is i know it is impossible to find bees to pollinate. So i search here in you tube how to pollinate tomato. So, when i watched this.. i am so glad.
Thanks God.
Thank you so much it is very informative and and easy to do. I have idea now how to self pollinate.
I rate your video plus 2... 🙂
God bless you. ❤❤❤
Ps.
How i recognize the male flower? 🙂
Thank you for your kind words. Tomato is a "perfect" flower. It has both male and female parts.
@@C3Voyage Thank you for response.
Merry Christmas and prosperous New Year! ❤🙏🇵🇭
Do you happen to know if the seeds from a given tomato will all produce the exact same plant? Or will they all be slightly different? I suppose it might depend on if the parents were heirlooms or hybrids
Yep, depends on if it's a finished variety. OP or open pollinated is finished past the 8th generation or F8. Hybrids are F1 and saving the seed will create the most mix of both parents in F2--not the same plants.
@@C3Voyage So how do you stabilize that F1, keep crossing it with the two varieties you used to make that cross year after year? Say F7 will be stable?
@@NicksVegetableGarden Self pollination which is what happens normally. Pick best plants each generation till F8.
@@C3Voyage Sorry I'm probably just confused. So you wouldn't need to keep crossing that variety? You merely let that F1 self pollinate, pick best fruit and plant those seeds, and keep doing that? I would think it would prefer one parent over the other and be mixed? (I guess why you'd keep saving seeds from best fruit).
@@NicksVegetableGarden You used the word, "STABILIZE" which means getting to open pollinated AKA saved seed from one plant every year produces that same variety every time it's grown...one plant. That requires selection or picking what you like until F8. Each generation adds 50% towards getting to OP. At F8, the OP then becomes CONSISTENT. A hybrid is not stabilized, but it is CONSISTENT. The genetics in each F1 plant has tons of genetic diversity from both parents, but only the dominate traits express. A hybrid requires two parents (OPs) bred every time to get a hybrid. F1 Hybrids and F8 OPs are both equally consistent when grown out (phenotype). OP you can save seed to continue, hybrids you can't. FYI, an F8 OP is considered highly inbred meaning it doesn't contain diversity any longer. This is basic concept. There are subtleties in that explanation that can be explained a bit more, but not for our convo here. Hope this doesn't muddy things for you further.
Toothbrush was very effective!
DMS, it sure is. I spend about 10 minutes a day brushing.
I have a question. A buddy of mine swears his better boys and beef steaks naturally cross pollinated last year, and he now has plants from the seeds of those "cross" tomatos. If that really happened, will he get the same type of tomato?
Ok, how to answer this one. Hummm. Tomato flowers have both male and female parts in one flower called a "perfect" flower. Tomatoes seldom cross naturally, but it can happen. This is because most of the time, the female part is surrounded by the male parts covering it. But, at times, the female part (stigma) sticks out a little which can allow rare instances of crossing.
If the better boy and a beefsteak cross, the resulting seed, when saved and planted later on will be a blend of better boy/beefsteak and will have qualities of both.
Now, the better boy is a hybrid so if he only grew better boy and saved the seed from one better boy tomato, they will not look totally like a better boy. The reason is because it is a hybrid already. I'm thinking that's what happened based on what you're telling me. The plants didn't cross, but because better boy is a hybrid, the plants will be somewhat different from better boy. Some will be closer to it and others wont.
If he saves seed from an "OP" known as "Open Pollinated", then the seeds will look like the parent because they've been inbred for generations. Brandywine and Cherokee Purple are common examples of OP varieties.
All said, your friend could actually cross the two using this video as an example.
The term "cultivar" went out several years ago. You could also brush up on your flower anatomy.
I must heartedly disagree. It's what I do. Cultivar means "cultivated variety." It's super easy to Google. In scientific speak, cultivar is most often used. Here's a quick summarization of some definitions. All easy to Google.
• The term ‘variety’ is used for botanical taxonomy, while the term’ cultivar’ is used for the products of plant breeding.
• A cultivar is intentionally bred using cultivation methods by plant breeders, whereas a variety is grown naturally without any human influence.
• The nomenclature of cultivar is deferent from that of variety. For example, cultivar is named with each word capitalized and placed in single quotation marks. In contrast, variety is named by the abbreviation “var.” followed by the variety in italics.
• Unlike the varieties, cultivars could be mutations on plants or could be hybrids of two plants.
• Cultivars usually have characteristic features, which differ from the mother plant, whereas varieties usually have the same features of the mother plant.
But, if you tell me what you do and it's significant in experience, then I'll rethink and possibly even re-use different terms. No hard feelings any which way.
@@C3Voyage A cultivar is a plant that has been grown from a stem cutting, grafting, or tissue cultures to ensure it retains the characteristics of the plant parent. A variety is a type of plant grown from seed that has the same characteristics as the plant parent.
@@gilshelley9183 No, you cherry-picked a definition to present a faulty argument. Here it is in full and anyone can Google it as it's mentioned tons of times essentially the same:
What Is a Cultivar in Horticulture?
A plant cultivar refers to a variation within a plant species that has been developed by a human horticulturist through controlled plant breeding, as opposed to occurring naturally. The term “cultivar” is a portmanteau of "cultivated variety." When writing the complete scientific name of a plant cultivar, the cultivar name comes after the name of the genus and species. The cultivar name is unitalicized, set off in single quotation marks, and the first letter of each word is capitalized. Here’s an example of how to write a cultivar name: Rudbeckia hirta ‘Denver Daisy’.
To create a new cultivar, growers crossbreed parent plants that each have desirable characteristics in the hopes that their offspring will inherit those traits. Once a grower ends up with a new cultivar with the desired traits, the grower must then ensure future generations of that cultivar maintain those distinguishing characteristics. To accomplish this, the grower has to use either controlled pollination or various methods of asexual propagation (plant cloning), such as grafting, tissue culture, and cutting. If the grower tries to propagate the cultivar by seed, the offspring plant will most likely not be identical to the parent plant.
Variety vs. Cultivar: 3 Key Differences
Varieties and cultivars both refer to a variation of a plant within a species, but there are a few key differences:
1. Development: Varieties develop naturally, while cultivars are developed through human intervention.
2. Characteristics: Seeds planted from a variety tend to grow true to type (i.e., the offspring retains the parent plant's unique characteristics), while seeds planted from a cultivar will most likely not be true to type.
3. Categorization: A variety name is written in lowercase and italicized font, while a cultivar name is written unitalicized inside single quotes with the first letter of each word capitalized.
What Is a Plant Variety?
The term "plant variety" has a different meaning than variety on its own. A plant variety is a legal term coined by the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) that recognizes certain cultivars as official plant varieties in order to grant the creator of the cultivar legal protection. This practice is commonly referred to as plant breeders' rights. The term “plant variety” describes a legally protected cultivar and should not be confused with the taxonomic rank term of variety.
@@C3Voyage I direct your attention to section 502 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. No cherry picking here.
@@gilshelley9183 Boy, you sure do go down swinging and throwing out junk. You're what I call a "right-fighter" or someone that must be right no matter what and incapable of learning, growing and humbling oneself when spouting untruths. To reflect back to your original statement at the top and clarify: In fact, the word CULTIVAR IS THE MOST COMMON TERM USED. If you'd pointed me to something real, I would have agreed to what you stated and thanked you for letting me know, but you didn't. I'll even lay it out again. If somehow you come up with something new with quotes or a link to disprove the information below (not sure how), then I'll admit I haven't seen that before and I can see how you formulated your assertions.
There is no clarification in the entire ICBN text I could find that you directed me to. 502 doesn't exist as far as my search shows. The ICBN has a bit of relevance, but the The International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP) is the guide to the rules and regulations for naming cultigens, plants whose origin or selection is primarily due to intentional human activity. It is also known as Cultivated Plant Code. This is more applicable. Here's the publication link: www.researchgate.net/publication/315443888_International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_Cultivated_Plants and there's a button to download a .pdf for the latest full text. Note, it is the LATEST version. Lots of clarification directly related to our convo. The publication is interesting, and Chapter 2 precisely, and undeniably says:
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Page 6: 2.2. The English words “variety”, “form”, and “strain” or their equivalents in other languages must not be used for the word “cultivar” when fulfilling the Articles of this Code nor in translations of this Code. Note 2. The words “variety” in English, “variété” in French, “variedad” in Spanish, “variedade” in Portuguese, “varietà” in Italian, “ras” in Dutch, “Sorte” in German, “sort” in Scandinavian languages, “sort” (“сорт”) in Russian, “pinzhong” (“品种” in simplified form, and “品種” in traditional form)” in Chinese, “hinshu” (“品種”) in Japanese, and corresponding terms in other languages, have been used as common equivalents to the word “cultivar”.
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Page 8: 2.14. Plants of a line (which results from repeated self-fertilization or inbreeding) may form a cultivar. Ex. 12. Beta vulgaris ‘SP6 926-0’, Helianthus annuus ‘HA306’, Lactuca sativa ‘Kagraner Sommer’, Phaseolus vulgaris ‘Contender’, Triticum aestivum ‘Marquis’, and Zea mays ‘Wisconsin 153’ are all lines.
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Page 8: 2.16. Plants of the same F1 hybrid (the result of a deliberate repeatable single cross between two pure-bred lines) may form a cultivar. Ex. 14. Brassica oleracea ‘King Arthur’, Capsicum annuum ‘Delight’, and Sorghum bicolor ‘Texas 610’ are all F1 hybrids.
I won't communicate with you again if you try and refute this. I'll leave up your comments, but I think I've made my point...clearly.
Been curious as I planted a cherry tomato from the store and the fruit looks completely different. They’re long and skinny, they look almost like Serrano peppers so I believe I have my own variety now:)
Takes 8 generations of saving seed, but once you've done that, it's all yours!
@@C3Voyage what if they are a seedless variety, I cut open one that was just short of ripe and no seeds to be seen. Would I have to register it as a F1 hybrid and just take cuttings?
@@chrishernandez9277 There is no registry of any tomatoes required. If you feel like you have a seedless type of tomato, and they're all seedless, then only cuttings can keep it going. I doubt that's the case based on my experience. I just released my seedless tomato lines if you haven't seen that and I have extensive experience on parthenocarpy. An occasional seedless fruit is fairly normal. The next thing for you to do is examine the plant. Are there fruits on every flower? Do any have seeds? You can talk to me here or email me. I'll help where I can.